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:: STAY ALERT

INCORRECT C ORRECT
I have twenty-five years old. I am twenty-five years old.
Mike have a brother. Mike has a brother.

L E S S O N 3

GREETINGS AND FAREWELLS

:: USE AND STRUCTURE

Greetings can be formal, neutral, or informal.

• Formal Greetings → used in formal situations

Good morning Good afternoon Good evening

• Neutral or Informal Greetings → used in neutral or in informal situations. It’s important to pay
attention to your tone of voice in order not to sound too informal.

Neutral Greetings: Informal Greetings:

Hello! How are you? Hi! What’s up? How’s it going? How’s life? Hey!

Farewells can also be formal, neutral, or informal.

• Formal Farewells → used in formal situations

Good night.
See you + Time Expression (e.g., See you tomorrow / next week.)
It was a pleasure meeting you.

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• Neutral or Informal Farewells → used in neutral or in informal situations. It’s important to pay attention to
your tone of voice in order not to sound too informal.

Bye.
Bye-bye.
Goodbye.
Take care.
See you.
See you later.

:: STAY ALERT

Formality depends on the context and on the relationship between the speaker and
the listener. For example:

• At work with a friend: use formal or neutral greetings and farewells.

• At a bar with a friend: use informal greetings and farewells.
• At a bar with your new boss: use formal or neutral greetings and farewells.

QUESTION WORDS: HOW OLD

:: USE AND STRUCTURE

The difference among these people is their age.

I’m sixteen years old.

I’m five years old.

Child Teenager

I’m thirty-two years old. We are seventy and

sixty-eight years old.

Adult Elderly

Possible answers:
Question about age:
I’m thirty-four years old.
How old are you?
I’m thirty-four.
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Sentence Order
How old + verb to be + the person whose age you want to know?

are you? I’m twenty-eight years old.

is Michael (he)? He is fourteen years old.
How old is Vivian (she)? She is forty-six years old.
are you and your sister (you)? I am thirty-one and my sister is eighteen.
are your parents (they)? Mom is fifty-four and dad is sixty.

:: EXAMPLES IN CONTEXT

Meeting People

Hi! I’m Peter. I’m a senior A senior, really? You look Life is very stressful It’s weird, doc. I feel very
student. Welcome to CIU. young. How old are you? nowadays. How old are you? tired every day, you know.

:: COMMON MISTAKES

INCOR RECT CORRECT

How many years do you have? How old are you?
I have thirty years old. I am thirty years old.

VERBS TO BE, TO LIKE, TO WORK, TO LIVE, TO HAVE

:: USE AND STRUCTURE

This is the general sentence structure to use with these verbs.

Subject + Verb + Complement

Now take a look at each verb.

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• Verb To Live → used to indicate where your home is and who you live with

Jack and Valerie live together.

alone / with friends / with your parents / with your family / with your boyfriend or girlfriend
to live in a house / in an apartment / in a studio / in a mansion / in a cabin / in a loft
downtown / in the suburbs / in the countryside / in the city / abroad

• Verb To Have → used to indicate possession or a synonym to verbs to eat or to drink

Kelly has a new car. Carla and Paula have lunch together every day.

a car / money / a house / children / friends / a dog / a cat

to have days off / vacation / a job / responsibilities / things to do / time
breakfast / lunch / dinner / a snack / some coffee

• Verb To Work → to do a job you are paid for

Mary, Josh, and Jackie are doctors.

They work at a hospital.

all day / in the morning / in the afternoon / night shifts / at night

to work at a company / for someone
every day / on weekends

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• Verb To Like → to indicate what you enjoy or think is nice or good

Lena is sleepy. Albert is at the gym.

to be beautiful / handsome / ugly / smart / dumb / responsible / irresponsible / correct /

(states / incorrect / polite / impolite / excited about / interested in
characteristics) happy / sad / angry / stressed / calm / hungry / thirsty

to be at work / in Paris / (at) home / in a good place / here / there

(location) with your family / with your friends

:: EXAMPLES IN CONTEXT

Buy a Car

Hugo – Do you have a car?

Kim – Yeah…a sedan.
Hugo – Do you like it? Is it good?
Kim – It’s a nice car.
Hugo – I live far from work. I need to buy a car.
Kim – Sedans are spacious and comfortable.
Hugo – Thanks.

:: STAY ALERT

Affirmative Negative
like chocolate. don’t like chocolate.
I/You/We/They work every day. I/You/We/They don’t work every day.
live in the U.S.A. don’t live in the U.S.A.

likes chocolate. doesn’t like chocolate.

He/She/It works every day. He/She/It doesn’t work every day.
lives in the U.S.A. doesn’t live in the U.S.A.

I/You/We/They have breakfast in the morning. I/You/We/They don’t have breakfast in the morning.
He/She/It has breakfast in the morning. He/She/It doesn’t have breakfast in the morning.

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CARDINAL NUMBERS, FAMILY MEMBERS, AND PETS

:: USE AND STRUCTURE
• Numbers
You use numbers to:
• Say your age → I am twelve years old.
• Talk about your family → I have two sisters.
• Talk about your pets → I have one dog and three cats.
• Talk about quantity in general → I live with four people in my house.

Here are the numbers from 1 to 12:

1 – one 5 – five 9 – nine

2 – two 6 – six 10 – ten
3 – three 7 – seven 11 – eleven
4 – four 8 – eight 12 – twelve

• Family Members

• Your brother and your sister are your siblings. • Your grandmother and your grandfather are your
• Your mother and your father are your parents. grandparents.
• You and your siblings are your parents’ children.

• Pets

Do you have pets? Take a look at the types of pets you can have:

P U P P Y ( BA BY D OG ) KIT TY ( BA BY CAT) DOG

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CAT BIR D FISH

I G UA N A FE R R E T HA MSTE R

RABBI T SNA KE PIG

:: EXAMPLES IN CONTEXT

Talking About Your Home Life

Jerry – So, Ted...Is it true you live with your grandparents on a farm?
Ted – Yes! My parents work in the city, but I live with my
grandparents and my sister.
Jerry – Cool! Do you have pets there?
Ted – Yes! We have ten pets: two dogs, one cat, two birds, three
piglets, one hamster, and one ferret.
Jerry – Oh, wow! Is it difficult to take care of them?
Ted – It is, but they are great! I love my pets.

:: COMMON MISTAKES

INCOR RECT CORRECT

I have parents in New York. I have relatives in New York.
My brothers’ names are Mary and John. My siblings’ names are Mary and John.

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