BASIC ELEMENTS OF

A SHORT
Quarter 3 | Weeks 9 and 10
OBJECTIVE
a. Demonstrate understanding of a
short story.
b. Analyze a story’s basic elements.
c. Appreciate the use of multimedia
in sharing the lessons learned
from a short story.
 SHORT
10, 000
words
a fictional tale of a length
that is too short to publish in
a single volume like a novel.
can be read in one sitting
concentrates in one plot vs a novel
which consists of chapters
What makes up a
SHORT
 1
CHARACTE
a person, in some
stories an animal,
who takes part in
the action of the
story or other
literary work.
 1
CHARACTERIZATIO
looks
speech
thoughts
feelings
actions
 1
MOST IMPORTANT

protagonist

antagonist
 1
PROTAGONIS
is considered as
the main
character or most
important of all
the characters.
 1
ANTAGONIS
is the character that
challenges the main
character.
 2
SETTIN
the place (locale) and
time (period) when the
story happens.
 2
SETTIN “It was a dark and stormy night.”
gloomy or suspenseful
“Elizabeth, as they drove along, watched for the first appearance of Pemberly
Woods with some perturbation; and when at length they turned in at the lodge,
her spirits were in a high flutter.

The park was very large, and contained great variety of ground. They entered it
in one of its lowest points, and drove for some time through a beautiful wood,
stretching over a wide extent.”
- Pride and Prejudice
situated in a countryside
 3
PLO
the events or
the series of
actions that
make up the
story.
3
 3
PARTS OF THE
• Exposition/Introduction
• Rising action
• Climax
• Falling Action
• Denouement/Resolution/Conclusion
 3
INTRODUCTION or
It is the beginning of the story. Thi
is where the author introduces the
characters, identifies where the
story is happening, and establishes
the main conflict.
 3
RISING
It is where conflicts start to
build. It is a series of steps
that lead to the climax.
 3
CLIMA
It is the most exciting part of a
short story. This is the part in the
story when important decisions
are made, or important things are
discovered.
 3
FALLING
This point occurs after the climax
as the problems in the story start
to work themselves out. Th
excitement becomes less and less
as the conflict is resolved.
 3
DENOUEMENT or
This is the solution to the problem
in a story. It is the “unknotting”
“untangling” of the
 4
CONFLIC
It is the problem in the story.

man vs. himself internal

man vs. man

man vs. nature external
man vs. society
 5
THEM Subject/topic
is the central idea in a short
story and a general truth. This Lov
is considered as the
message to the readers. e
“Love conquers .
Expressed in a sentence
all
 6
POINT OF VIEW
This is the way the
story is told or
narrated. I
He or
She
 6
POINT OF VIEW
FROM THE AUTHOR’S
PERSPECTIVE

First Person – the

I or We
narrator participates in
and tells the story.
 6
POINT OF VIEW
Limited Third Person – He or She
the narrator is not in the
story and is unable to
see into the minds of the
characters.
 6
POINT OF VIEW
Omniscient Third Person – He or She
the narrator is not in the
story, but he can tell the
thoughts of the characters
as he can see into their
minds.
SINIGAN A Short Story
by Marie Aubrey J. Villaceran
Marie Aubrey J. Villaceran
a professor at the Department of
English and Comparative Literature in
the University of the Philippines,
Diliman.
Guide Questions
1. Where did the story happen?
2. Who were the characters in the story?
3. What do you think led to the emotional separation
of Liza from her father?
4. What was the most interesting part of the story?
5. What was the story about?
6. Who narrated the story?