STIRRING YOUR BRAIN APPETITE

Read each statement and include the missing letter being referred to by the
statements.

1. I am the last letter of left ____

2. You’ll see in me learn but not in lean ____

3. I am you and in hue ___

4. You can hear in tea but not in thee ____

5. I am silent in things ____

Write the letter together to answer this. What is it that can set people free form guilt?

___ ___ ___ ___ ___

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 Reading is Magical
“The more that you read, the more
things you will know. The more that
you learn, the more places you'll go.”
― Dr. Seuss, I Can Read With My Eyes Shut!

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INTRODUCTION
TO LITERARY
GENRES
LITERATURE AND ITS GENRES

LITERATURE – a body of written works.. (Merriam)

What are Literary Genres

• This is the category of literature based on its form,
content, technique and style and sometimes even in
length (in the case of fiction).

• They may be flexible and may have their own sub

groups.

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 TRADITIONAL GENRES IN
LITERATURE

• Most traditional genres are epic,

tragedy, comedy and creative non-
fiction.
• Most identifiable are forms of prose
and poetry, with satire, pastoral or
allegory as sub-genre

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 BASIC COMPARISON
PROSE POETRY
Meaning Prose is a straight forward form of Poetry is that form of literature in which
literature, wherein the author the poet uses a unique style and
expresses his thoughts and feelings in rhythm, to express intense experience.
a lucid way
Language Straight Forward Expressive or Decorated
Nature Pragmatic Imaginative
Essence Message or information Experience
Purpose To provide information or to convey a To delight or amuse.
message.
Ideas Ideas can be found in sentences, Ideas can be found in lines, which are
which are arranged in paragraph. arranged in stanzas.
Line break No Yes
Paraphrasing Possible Exact paraphrasing is not possible.

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Understanding Conventions of
Traditional Genres
✦ Fiction
✦ Poetry
✦ Drama
✦ Other Forms

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 Traditional Literary Genres
✦ Easily distinguished because of its forms.
ex. Poetry – use of verses rather than
the narrative found in other categories of literature
✦ Standard of other literary genres
✦ The literary elements are the unique characteristics of a literary
text. These are the standards of story telling common to all
literary forms are not perceived materials used by the authors.

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Tradtional Genres of
Literature
FICTION
(Prose)
Contents are:
a. imagined
b. fabricated
c. invented by the author (not necessarily based on facts)

the most common genre because of its story telling technique

by using narration as its fundamental form.

The fluidity of this narrative form is more popular to readers

because of its IMPLICITNESS in nature and its reliability.

Presence of the standard elements of a story.

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 SALIENT FEATURE OF A FICTION
1. Heavily drawn from one’s imagination
2. Depicts a world and experiences that can be contrived/created by the author.
3. Involves people who do not truly exist. (some characters can be observed to
be entirely real).
4. Recounts and describes circumstances when there is a crisis.
5. Presents situations, conditions, and surroundings that are closely similar to
what is real.
6. Presents human life by considering the world of objective reality which
centers on comprehension and apprehension of man.
7. Includes two important composites – characters and plot; that should go in
harmony and unity.
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BASIC FORMS OF FICTIONS
✦ FLASH FICTION – it is best remembered because of its relative shortness.
Words used range from 100-150 but still considered a short story since all the
essential elements of fiction can be observed.
✦ SHORT STORY/SHORT FICTION – can relatively done in one sitting. It
deals with single complication and a limited number of characters.
✦ NOVELLA – goes between a short fiction and a novel. Long for a short story
but is somewhat short to be classified as a novel.
✦ NOVEL – covers several plot complications since it is composed of several
chapters. More characters are presented.

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STANDARD
ELEMENTS OF A
STORY
1. SETTING
2. CHARACTERS
3. PLOT
4. CONFLICT
5. POINT OF VIEW
6. THEME
7. SYMBOL

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SETTING
✦ Answers the questions where/place,
when/time and under what
circumstances (reasons/why the
actors/events occurs).

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 SETTING
✦ WHERE:
 The physical environment where the story takes place.
 The description of the environment may suggest its importance
to other aspects of the fiction
✦ WHEN:
✧ Time includes all of its dimensions.
✧ The effects of the setting may include a particular atmosphere,
insights to the characters and/or their motivations, and a key or
connection to or reflection of other aspects of the story.
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CHARACTERS
✦ Any person, animal, or persona represented in any
literary work.
✦ May sometimes be simple or complex in order for the
readers to understand the development of the story
based on their behaviors.
✦ CHARACTERIZATION – a means by which a writer
presents and reveals characters: by direct description, by
showing the character in action, or by the presentation
of other characters who help to define each other.

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CHARACTERS
✦ MAJOR CHARACTER
✧ Important figure at the center of the story’s action or
theme.
✧ PROTAGONIST (the main character) whose conflict
with an ANTAGONIST (the villain) may spark the
story’s conflict.

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CHARACTERS
✦ MINOR CHARACTER
✧ Often static or unchanging; they remain the same
from beginning to end.
✦ DYNAMIC CHARACTERS
✧ Exhibit some kind of change: attitude, purpose,
behavior as the story progresses.

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CHARACTERS
✦ MINOR CHARACTERS
✧ THE LOVE INTEREST -  the protagonist’s object of desire.

✧ CONFIDANT - the best friend or sidekick of the protagonist, (ex.

Ron and Hermoine).

✧ FOIL – a character primarily exists to bring the protagonist’s qualities

into sharper relief. a character who contrasts with the protagonist, in
order to better highlight or differentiate certain qualities of the
protagonist.

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CONFLICT
✦ Reason for the struggle of the protagonist
✦ TYPES OF CONFLICT
✧ MAN vs MAN
✧ HUMAN vs NATURE (PHYSICAL WORLD)
✧ HUMAN vs SOCIETY (CIVILIZATION or ORDER)
✧ HUMAN vs. SELF (internal conflict)

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PLOT
✦ The casual sequence of events
✦ The WHY for the things that occurred in
the story

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PLOT ELEMENTS
✦ 1. Exposition - the introduction, of the characters, establish the setting, and
begin to introduce the primary conflict of your story.  
✦ 2. Rising Action - normally begins with an inciting incident, or a moment
that sets the story into action. As it progresses, there is multiple moments
of conflict that escalate and create tension as the story moves toward the
climax.  
✦ 3. Climax - the peak of tension, plot, and character in the story. It’s the
moment that readers has been waiting for. (so make it exciting!)

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PLOT ELEMENTS
✦ 4. Falling Action - time to start moving toward a more satisfying
conclusion by resolving conflicts and subplots where any conflicts that
arose as a result of the climax can start being resolved.
✦ 5. Resolution/Denouement - the end of the story where it ties up the final
loose ends and bring the story to its happy or tragic ending.

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POINT OF VIEW
✦ Perspective from which the events in the story are
observed and recounted.
✦ Identify WHO is telling the story.

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POINT OF VIEW
✦ THIRD PERSON POINT OF VIEW
a. OMNISCIENT - all-seeing and all-knowing; knows the
thoughts and feelings of all of the characters
b. LIMITED OMNISCIENT – sticks only to one character’s
POV.
✦ FIRST PERSON POINT OF VIEW (uses pronoun I)
- The storyteller in a first-person narrative is either the
protagonist relying their experiences or a peripheral character
telling the protagonist's story.

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THEME
✦ The central idea or meaning of a story.
✦ Can be a statement of generalization
about life.
✦ The BIG IDEA of literary works

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SYMBOL
✦ The writer may include images that bear
certain meanings that go beyond the
literal.
✦ For example, a book could represent
knowledge.

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A picture is worth
a thousand words
A complex idea can be conveyed
with just a single still image,
namely making it possible to
absorb large amounts of data
quickly.

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