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a) China
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a) e-CNY
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d) e-Euro
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b) Nigeria
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d) Sweden
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b) e-Dollar
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c) Bahamas
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c) PSLV-C56
c) e-Bitcoin
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A) PSLV-C57
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Recalling the last Newspaper

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b) Pragyan

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d) None of the above

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4 . The Aditya-L1 spacecraft was launched into space aboard ISRO's ……….?

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3 .What is the name of China's digital currency that was piloted in April 2020?

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1.Which country was the first to launch a nationwide CBDC called Sand Dollar?

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6 .What is a fiat currency?


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d) A type of cryptocurrency.
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d) Crypto-Based Digital Coin

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4. What does CBDC stand for?

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c) Central Bank Digital Currency

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a) Centralized Banking Digital Currency

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b) A digital currency issued by central banks.


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c) A national currency not tied to a commodity.


a) A currency backed by a commodity like gold. 23 0
5.How does CBDC differ from cryptocurrencies?

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b) Cryptocurrency Blockchain Distributed Currency

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a) CBDCs are decentralized, while cryptocurrencies are centralized.

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d) CBDCs operate in a regulatory vacuum, while cryptocurrencies are regulated.
c) CBDCs are legal tenders issued by central banks, while cryptocurrencies are not.
b) CBDCs are not issued by any authority, while cryptocurrencies are government-backed.
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c) 60%
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A) Delhi
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c) Pakistan
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a) A famous Indian dish


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c) A type of musical instrument


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7. When did the G20 come into existence?

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9. Where did G20 summit take place 2022?

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d) 80%
b) 40%

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d) 2010
b) 2000

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b) China

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d) A traditional Indian dance

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b) Unity and equality worldwide

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8. What percentage of global economic output do G20 countries represent?

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10. What does the term "Vasudhaiva Kutumba-Kam" represent in the G20 theme?







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"Bharat" to be used more.


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"India" replaced with "Bharat."

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Ruling party leaders welcome it.

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Opposition questions the change.

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G-20 Summit invitation controversy.

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Opposition claims BJP fears INDIA bloc.
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Denial of formal name change in Parliament.

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Constitution mentions "India, that is Bharat."

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Union of States.

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the First Schedule.
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The territories of the States;

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Part D – Andaman and Nicobar Islands


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Article 1 of the Constitution

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Part C – centrally administered five states


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Such other territories as may be acquired.

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23 Part B – princely states consisted of this category 52 52 20 0 05 51
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and territories – Part A, Part B, Part C and Part D.

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The Union territories mentioned in the First Schedule; and

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Part A – includes the nine provinces which were under British India

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Article 1 in the Constitution states that India, that is Bharat, shall be a

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Article 1(1) states that India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.

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Article 1(2) states that the States and the territories will be specified in

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The names of the States and the Unions have been described in the First

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Schedule. This schedule also holds that there are four Categories of State
Article 1(3) states that the territory of India will comprise the following −

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issue.
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Political leaders' criticism noted.


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Revenue Department's role debated.
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District Police Chief's support sought.


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Division Bench reviews encroachment

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Request for special officer considered.

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Stop memos enforcement concerns raised.
Expert team assesses land encroachments.

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elections.
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Discontent in Ladakh.
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Reservation bills impact.


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Desire for speedy Assembly


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Electoral challenges and disputes.

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Delayed Jammu and Kashmir polls.

Caste and community polarization.


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regions.
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suggestion.
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committee.
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infrastructure.
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and development.
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Chief Justice's expert committee

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Carrying capacity concept in hill areas.
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The debate over ecological preservation


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Past experiences with expert committees.
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views.
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expansion.
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framework.
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institutions.
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Six new invited members.

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BRICS background and purpose.

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New members fitting into BRICS


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BRICS expansion announcement.

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Saudi Arabia and UAE's foreign policy


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Johannesburg Declaration and shared


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Dissatisfaction with Western-dominated

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countries.
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resentment.
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Pro-Western regime toppled in Niger.

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Changing geopolitical dynamics in Africa.
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Western ultimatum to restore democracy.

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Interests in Law
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Penal Code Reform

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Diverse Debate Needed


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Offenses Against Women


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Uniformity and Certainty


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Substantive vs. Procedural
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Deliberation and Validation

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Shifting Perceptions, Social Audits


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Tenurial Security
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Protecting Forests
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Applicability of FCA
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Northeast Resistance
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Forest Land Diversion

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Text and context

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Forest Rights Act (FRA)


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Implementation Challenges
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China's map.
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connectivity.
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News summary

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Diplomatic gesture to Indonesia.

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PM Modi's two-day visit to Jakarta.

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Plans to revise ASEAN-India trade agreement.

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Rescheduled summits due to India's concerns.

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Agenda includes Indo-Pacific, trade, Myanmar, and

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ASEAN-India Summit reviews strategic cooperation,

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What is ASEAN?

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Who are the Member Nations?


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8th August is observed as ASEAN Day.

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ASEAN Secretariat – Indonesia, Jakarta.

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What are the Recent Developments?

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The motto of ASEAN is “One Vision, One Identity, One Community”.

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In the 2nd ASEAN Digital Ministers' (ADGMIN) Meeting with India, the two

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The 24th ASEAN-India Senior Official's Meeting (SOM) was hosted in Delhi.

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India and ASEAN celebrated the 30th anniversary of their Dialogue Relations.

sides finalized India-ASEAN Digital work plan 2022 for future collaboration in the field.
political and social stability amid rising tensions among the Asia-Pacific’s post-colonial states.
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a regional organization which was established to promote

Indonesia , Malaysia , Philippines , Singapore , Thailand , Brunei , Vietnam , Laos , Myanmar ,Cambodia
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What are the Fundamental Principles of ASEAN?

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(TAC) of 1976

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nations.

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Effective cooperation among themselves.
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To accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development for a prosperous and peaceful

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community of Southeast Asian Nations.

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to the principles of the United Nations Charter.

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cultural, technical, scientific and administrative fields.
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1991.
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agreement.
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Southeast Asia.
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Community by 2015.
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and Cambodia (1999).


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Singapore and Thailand.

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2015 – Launch of ASEAN Community.


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1997 – Adoption of ASEAN Vision 2020.
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Where does the Genesis of ASEAN Lie?

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(Bangkok Declaration) by its founding fathers.

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1995 – Members signed a deal to create a nuclear-free zone in

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Founding Fathers of ASEAN are: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines,

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following the end of the Vietnam War in 1975 and the Cold War in

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2007 – Cebu Declaration, to accelerate the establishment of ASEAN

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2003 – Bali Concord II for the establishment of an ASEAN Community.

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2008 – ASEAN Charter comes into force and becomes a legally binding
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1967 – ASEAN was established with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration

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1990s – Membership doubled after the changing conditions in the region

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benefit.
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satellite.
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manoeuvre.
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Second successful Aditya L-1

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Continuous solar observation


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ISRO's Bengaluru stations track

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Trans-Lagrangian insertion next.


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Three more manoeuvres planned.
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Sun study from L1 Lagrange point.


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Achieved orbit: 282 km x 40,225 km.

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point.
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mission.
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satellite.
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Trans-Lagrangian insertion coming up.
ISRO's Bengaluru ground stations track

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Aditya-L1 to study sun from L1 Lagrange
1 0)

Continuous solar observation advantage.


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New orbit achieved: 282 km x 40,225 km.

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Second successful manoeuvre for Aditya L-1

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war.
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likely.
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negotiations with Russia.


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Kim Jong-un may visit Russia.

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U.S. urges North Korea to stop arms


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U.S. official expects Kim's trip this month.

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Location and timing uncertain, Vladivostok

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Russian defense minister visited Pyongyang.

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Kremlin seeks military equipment for Ukraine

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