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6.When did India join the Global Fund as a donor?

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D) Mars Orbiter Launch Vehicle (MOLV)

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9. What is the capacity of GSLV in terms of carrying satellites to lower earth orbits?

05 0 51 17 17 17 70
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8. Which spacecraft did PSLV successfully launch in 2008 for a journey to the Moon?

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Consumption Expenditure or PFCE)

h 2
Four Key “Engines of GDP Growth”:

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What do GDP and GVA mean?

23 35 5 5 20 05 05
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government spending + (exports-imports)

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Indians spent on foreign goods) [Net Exports or NX].

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[Government Final Consumption Expenditure or GFCE]

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building roads and bridges [Gross Fixed Capital Expenditure]

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 GDP = private consumption + gross investment + government investment +

b
that are bought by the final user— produced in a country in a given period.

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All the money Indians spent for their private consumption (that is, Private Final

5
economy. This includes business firms investing in factories or the governments

35 52 20 20 05 05 51
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All the money spent towards investments to boost the productive capacity of the
All the money the government spent on its current consumption, such as salaries

17
The net effect of exports (what foreigners spent on our goods) and imports (what

05 51 51 17 0) )
70 0) 0)
The GDP measures the monetary measure of all “final” goods and services— those

17 70
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52
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23 23 05
52 5 20
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How are the two Related?
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robust and which is struggling.

aa d M is is b
d M M is is ba ah
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is h

the past or with another country.

ba ba ah (8 (8
ba h h (8 (8 23 23
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51 51 17 1 70
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factors of production, labour and capital.

70 0) 0) Sa aa aa
70 ) S S Sa
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The GDP is derived by looking at the GVA data.

is ba ah
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ba
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ah (8 23 23
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23 23 52 52 20 0 05 51
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05
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It does so by adding up all the value added across different sectors.
The GVA calculates the same national income from the supply side.

05 51 17 70 70 0) 0) )S
17 70 0 ) )S Sa Sa aa
0) ) )S Sa aa ad ad
S
earned by the government) — (Subsidies provided by the government)

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d M M is is b ba
M M is is ba ah h
is is b b ba
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b ah ah (8 (8
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As such, if the taxes earned by the government are more than the subsidies it

(8
The GDP and GVA are related by the following equation: GDP = (GVA) + (Taxes

(8
2 23 23 35 52 52 20 0
35 52 5 20 20 05 05 51
2 0 5 17 70
value of its intermediary inputs. This “value added” is shared among the primary

The GDP data is more useful when looking at annual economic growth and when

51 17
05 17 )
By looking at the GVA growth one can understand which sector of the economy is

51 0)
one wants to compare the economic growth of a country either with its growth in

17 70 70 0) 0)
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0) 0) ) )
According to the RBI, the GVA of a sector is defined as the value of output minus the
 
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Emphasizing 'best interests of the child.'

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Balancing biological and adoptive rights.
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Prospects for rapprochement.
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Low trust levels and territorial disputes.

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banks.
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violence.
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the state.
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Tamil Nadu.
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communities.
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Political parties' dependence on OBC vote
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Growing trend of violence against Dalits in

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Rise of caste organizations promoting pride.

Role of Dravidian parties in addressing caste

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Caste-based identifications among students.

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India's refusal to tour Pakistan.

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India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka rivalry.

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Bangladesh's quest for Asian title.

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Rohit Sharma and Virat Kohli's role.
Asia Cup as World Cup preparation.

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Asia Cup cricket tournament history.

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Afghanistan's resilience amid Taliban.
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Need for collective action.

Recent North India floods.

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Urban planning challenges.

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Natural disasters and causes.

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Sustainable development goals.

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Poor planning and construction.

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Vulnerable populations and risks.

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DRI and SEBI probe

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Forensic audit needed

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Rule 19A of SCRR 1957

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Stock price manipulation

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Vinod Adani's involvement
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Supreme Court's directions

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SEBI's role and amendments

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Mauritius-based funds' investments

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topics.
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matter.
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Special Parliament session from Sept 18-22.

05
Government anticipates fruitful discussions.

7
Agenda not disclosed, may involve G-20 and

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Speculation about early Lok Sabha elections.

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Congress alleges government panic over Adani

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Opposition suspects diversion from Adani news.

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Possibility of discussing Chandrayaan-3 and other

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Special Session - Features

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5 5 05
Practice of hand spinning to be done.

23 35 20 05
20 20 1
20
52
05
20
5 Supporters and Opponents of Gandhiji
51
7
51
7
51
7
17
0
70
)S
51 1 70
17
0) 0) 0) 0)
Sa
)S
aa
70 S aa d
) S
Sa
a ad d M
untouchability while remaining nonviolent.

)S Sa aa aa d M
aa ad d d M M is i
d M M is is b
M M is is b ba ah
is is
b ba ba ah h (8
sb b ah h h (8 (8 23
ah (8 23
Boycott of foreign cloth and use of khadi instead.

ah (8 (8 2 23 52
(8 (8 23 23 35 52 52 0
23 23 52 52 20 0 05 51
52 52 0 05 51 51 17 7
05 0 51 51 17 70 70 0)
1 70 70 0 )S ) Sa
70 ) ) )S Sa
a ad
0) ) Sa aa aa d
Sa Sa
ad d d M M
Sa
a ad ad M M is is
d M M is is ba
M M is is ba ba
h h
is is b b ba
h h (8
b b ah ah (8 (8
ah ah (8 (8 2 2
(8 23 35
resignation from government service and nonpayment of taxes.

(8 (8 23 23 35 20
23 23 23 5 5 20
52
05
20 51
52 51
to include a boycott of councils, but bowed to Congress discipline.

52 20
52 0 05 51 51 17 7 0)
70
)S
05 51 17 70 70 0)
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0) ) )S Sa aa ad ad
S Sa aa ad d M M
aa ad d M M is is
The programme called for a boycott of government schools and colleges.

d M M is is b ba
M M is is ba ah h
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h h (8
b ah ah (8 (8
ba ah (8 (8 2 23
h (8 (8 2 23 23 35 52
(8
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35 52 5 20 20 05 05 51
2 0 51 5 17 17 70
05 51 70
17
0) 0) 0) )
17 70
17
) )
Boycott of law courts, and the administration of justice through panchayats instead.

0) 0)
During the movement, participants were expected to work for Hindu-Muslim unity and the abolition of
These leaders boycotted elections held in November 1920, and the majority of voters also stayed away.

Renunciation of government honors and titles; the second phase could include mass civil disobedience, such as
Boycott of legislative councils; there were some differences on this, as some leaders, such as C.R. Das was unwilling
 







Sa Sa
Sa Sa ad
Sa ad ad
Sa Sa
ad ad M M
ad ad M M is is
d M M is is ba
M M is is ba ba ba
h h
is is
b b ba h h (8 (8
b ah ah h (8 (8 2 23
ah (8

normal.
(8 23 35
(8 (8 23 2 35
23
52 52 2
52
0
23 23 05
52 5 20
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05
17 17
05 51 0
05 51 17 7 70 0) )S
51 17 7 0 0) )S Sa aa
70 0 0) )S S aa d
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ad
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aa aa d d M M is
aa d d M M is is
d M M is is b ba
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h
ah
is b ba h h (8 (8
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h h (8 (8 2 23 23 52
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52 5 20
52
0
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05
17
51
70
17
51 51 0)
05 51 National deficit reaches 10%.
70 70 0) )
17 7 70
) ) )S Sa Sa
0 0)
India receives 36% less rainfall.

Sa aa ad
)S S Sa
ad d
ad
M
aa aa ad M M is
aa d d M M is is b
d M is
Lowest August rainfall in a century.

M M is is ba ba
h
ah
is is ba b
Increasing trend in rainless stretches.
ah
ba
h h (8 (8
ba ba h (8 (8 23
h h (8 (8 2 23 23
(8 (8 23 35 52
23 2 35
23
5 5 20
52
05 05
52 20 20 20
51 51 17 1 70
20 05 5 51 7 7 0
51 1 17 7 0) 0) 0) )S )S
70 0) Sa aa aa
70 ) S S Sa
d d
)S Sa aa aa a d
ad
M M
aa ad d d M M is i
M
El Nino and unfavorable conditions affect rainfall.

d M is is b
M M is is b ba ah
is is
b ba ba ah h (8
sb b ah h h (8 (8 23
ah ah (8 (8 23
(8 (8 23 2 23 52 52
0
Regional deficits include 17% in the east and northeast.

(8 23 23 35 52
23 52 52 20 0 05 51
52 52 0 05 51 51 17 7
05 0 51 51 17 70 70 0)
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Monsoon rainfall in September expected to be within 10% of

70
Northeastern India and Himalayan regions receive more rain.

70 ) ) )S Sa
a ad
0) ) Sa aa aa d
Sa Sa
ad d d M M
Sa
a ad ad M M is is
d M M is is ba
M M is is ba ba
h h
is is b b ba
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b b ah ah (8 (8
ah ah (8 (8 2 2
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(8 23 20
23 23 23 5 5 20
52
05
20 51
52 52 20 51
52 0 05 51 51 17 7 0)
70
)S
05 51 17 70 70 0)
17 70 0 ) )S Sa Sa aa
0) ) )S Sa aa ad ad
S Sa aa ad d M M
aa ad d M M is is
d M M is is b ba
M M is is ba ah h
is is b b ba
h h (8
b ah ah (8 (8
ba ah (8 (8 2 23
h (8 (8 2 23 23 35 52
(8
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05 51 70
17
0) 0) 0) )
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17
0) 0) ) )
 ba

(8
i
0

7
M
23

0
aa
52

51
0)

52
Indian Monsoon

is

h


d
(8

)S
ba
17
M
23

0
aa

23
52
ah

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05

70
d
(8

)S

(8
aa

M
23
b
52

51
h

is

h
70
)S

ad
ba

(8

ba
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23

20
India’s climate, like that of South and Southeast Asia, is hot and humid during the monsoon season. Monsoon

1


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)
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ah
0

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05

70
ad
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35
17
M

M
b
52

51
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0)
ah

2
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ad

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seasons account for two of the four seasons that exist on the Indian subcontinent. They are

17
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23

20
b
2
Sa

Sa
is

h
70
35

05
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ba
M

aa
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2

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0)
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2
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ad
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(8
0

7
The Southwest Monsoon Season

M
23


52

51
Sa
h

is

ah
0

d
ba

(8
17
M
23

20
a

b
0)

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0)
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is
05
ad
(8

35
ba
17
M

17
M
 The North-East Monsoon Season

52
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)
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2
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05

70
ad

05
ad
ba

(8
M
23
52

51
Sa

0)

52
Sa
is

h
ad
(8

ba
17
M
23

23
 The name monsoon is derived from the Arabic word mausin or the Malayan word monsin, both of which means

52
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0)
h

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05
d
(8

ba

(8
17
aa

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23
52

0)
h

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h
05
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season. Monsoons are seasonal winds (rhythmic wind movements) (periodic winds) that reverse direction as the

M
23

aa
51

52

0)
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ah
70

is
d
(8

)S
M

20

17
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51

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seasons change. The monsoon is a seasonal wind pattern that flows from sea to land in the summer and from land
)S

d
ba

(8
0

aa
52

51
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52
is

h
70

d
(8

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23

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to sea in the winter. Some scholars consider monsoon winds to be large-scale land and marine breezes.

is

70
d
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35
ba

(8
20
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51
0)
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2
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h
35
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d
ba

(8

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Monsoons are unique to the Indian subcontinent, South East Asia, and sections of Central Western Africa, among

is
ad
(8

5


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7
M

20

17
M
23
51

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h

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0
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(8
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other places.

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70
35

05
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(8

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b
51
2

52

)
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2
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70
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(8
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They are more noticeable in the Indian Subcontinent than in any other place.
is

ah
5


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(8
7
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23

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51

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70
ad
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5
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17
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20

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Convection cells on a massive scale characterise Indian monsoons.
05

70
ad

5


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ba

(8
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23

20
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52

51
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)
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ah
70

d
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5
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M
23

0
aa

23
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51

52
h

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These are seasonal reversals in wind direction that occur on a regular or seasonal basis.
d
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0)
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05
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52
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In the summer, India receives southwest monsoon winds, while in the winter, it receives northeast monsoon winds.
7


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20
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23
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51

51
)
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70
ad

35
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52
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South-west monsoons arise as a result of an intense low-pressure system that forms over the Tibetan plateau.
7
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23

23
b
51

52
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)
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70
d
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17
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1
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0)
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2
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(8
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ah

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52
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70

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51

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 








Sa Sa Sa
ad
Sa
ad
Sa
ad 
Sa Sa
ad ad M M
ad ad M M is is
d M M is is ba
M M is is ba ba ba
h h
is is
b b ba h h (8 (8
b ah ah h (8 (8 2 23
ah (8 (8 23 35
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23
52 52 2
52
0
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5 52 20 0 05 17

June 13th.
52 20 05 51 17
05 51 17
51
7 70 0) 0 )S
51 17 7 0 0) )S Sa

subcontinent
70 0 0) )S S aa
)S S aa aa ad d
)S aa aa d d M M
aa aa d d M M is is
exceedingly hot.

d d M M is is b ba
M M is is ba ba ah
is is
b ba ba h h (8
ba ah h h (8 (8 23
h (8 (8 23
h (8 (8 23 2 23 52 52
(8 23 35 52 0
23 23 5 20 05
52 5 20
52
0
20 51
05
17
51
70
17
51 51 0)
05 51 70 70 0) )

after crossing the Equator.

17 7 70
) ) )S Sa Sa
0 0) Sa aa ad
)S S Sa
ad d
ad
M
aa aa ad M M is
aa d d M M is is b
d M M is is ba ah
M is b
ba h
Onset of the Monsoon

is ba h (8
is ba ba ah h (8 (8
ba h h (8 (8 23 23
h (8 (8 23 2 23 52
(8 2 23 35 52
23 35 5 5 20 05 05
52 20 20 20
51 51 17 1 70
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51 1 17 7 0) 0) 0) )S )S
70 0) Sa aa aa
70 ) S S Sa
d d
a
northwestern section of the subcontinent.

)S aa ad M
Sa aa d d M M i
aa ad d M M is is
d M M is is b
M is is ba b ah
ba
h
ah
is b
cell attracts southeast trades over the Equator.

ba h (8
sb b h (8
These factors help the ITCZ to move northward.

ah ah (8 (8 23 23
ah (8 (8 2 23 52
(8 (8 23 23 35 52 52 0
23 23 52 52 20 0 05 51
52 52 0 05 51 51 17 7
05 0 51 51 17 70 70 0)
1 70 70 0 )S ) Sa
70 ) ) )S Sa
a ad
0) ) Sa aa aa d
Sa Sa
ad d d M M
Sa ad M M is
This causes an intense low-pressure system to build in the

a ad M is is
d M M is is ba ba
h
M is is b ba ba
h h
b h (8
By mid-July, the southwest monsoon has engulfed the whole

is b
Because the pressure in the Indian Ocean to the south of the

b ah ah (8 (8
ah ah (8 (8 2 2
(8 (8 23 23 35 35
(8
The southwest monsoon arrives on the Kerala coast on June 1st
The southwest monsoon can be considered as a continuation of
the southeast trades deflected towards the Indian subcontinent

23 5 52 20
and sweeps fast through Mumbai and Kolkata from June 10th to

23 5 20
Cancer, the huge continent to the north of the Indian Ocean gets

23 23 52 20 05 51 51
20
In April and May, when the sun shines vertically over the Tropic of

52 7
These winds cross the Equator between 40°E and 60°E longitudes.

52 51 70
0 05 51 17 0) )S
landmass is high due to the slow heating of water, the low-pressure

05 51 17 70 70 0)
17 70 0 ) )S Sa Sa aa
0) ) )S Sa aa ad ad
S Sa aa ad d M M
aa ad d M M is is
d M M is is b ba
M M is is ba ah h
is is b b ba
h h (8
b ah ah (8 (8
ba ah (8 (8 2 23
h (8 (8 2 23 23 35 52
(8
2 23 23 35 52 52 20 0
35 52 5 20 20 05 05 51
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05 51 70
17
0) 0) 0) )
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17
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 





Sa Sa Sa
ad
Sa
ad
Sa
ad 
Sa Sa
ad ad M M
ad ad M M is is
d M M is is ba
M M is is ba ba ba
h h
is is
b b ba h h (8 (8
b ah ah h (8 (8 2 23
ah (8 (8 23 35
(8 (8 23 2 35
23
52 52 2
52
0
23 23 05
52 5 20
52 20 0 51
05
17 17
05 51 0
05 51 17 7 70 0) )S
51 17 7 0 0) )S Sa aa
70 0 0) )S S aa d
)S )S S aa aa d
ad
M
aa aa d d M M is
aa d d M M is is
d M M is is b ba
M is is ba ba ba
h
ah
is b ba h h (8 (8
ba ah h (8 23
temperature in May.

h (8 (8 23
h (8 (8 23 2 23 52 52
(8 23 35 52 0
23 23 5 20 05
52 5 20
52
0
20 51
05
17
51
70
17
51 51 0)
05 51 70 70 0) )
17 7 70
) ) )S Sa Sa
0 0) Sa aa ad
)S S Sa
ad d
ad
M
aa aa ad M M is
aa d d M M is is b
d M M is is ba ah
M is is b ba ba
h h (8
is ba ba ah h (8 (8
ba h h (8 (8 23 23
h (8 (8 23 2 23 52
(8 2 23 35 52
23 35 5 5 20 05 05
52 20 20 20
51 51 17 1 70
20 05 5 51 7 7 0
51 1 17 7 0) 0) 0) )S )S
70 0) Sa aa aa
70 S d
entangled in the air circulation over India.

) S
Sa
a ad d
)S Sa aa aa d M M
aa ad d d M M is i
M is b
The Rainy Season is from June to September.

d M M is is
M is is ba b ba
h
ah
The Southwest Monsoon Season

is b ba ah (8
sb b ah h h (8 (8 23
ah ah (8 (8 23
(8 (8 23 2 23 52 52
(8 23 23 35 52 0
23 52 52 20 0 05 51
52 52 0 05 51 51 17 7
05 0 51 51 17 70 70 0)
1 70 70 0 )S ) Sa
70 ) ) )S Sa
a ad
0) ) Sa aa aa d
Sa Sa
ad d d M M
Sa
a ad ad M M is is
d M M is is ba
M M is is ba ba
h h
is is b b ba
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b b ah ah (8 (8
ah ah (8 (8 2 2
(8 (8 23 23 35 35
(8 23 20
23 23 23 5 5 20
52
05
20 51
52 52 20 51
52 0 05 51 51 17 7 0)
70
)S
05 51 17 70 70 0)
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0) ) )S Sa aa ad ad
S Sa aa ad d M M
aa ad d M M is is
d M M is is b ba
M M is is ba ah h
is is b b ba
h h (8
b ah ah (8 (8
ba ah (8 (8 2 23
h (8 (8 2 23 23 35 52
(8
2 23 23 35 52 52 20 0
35 52 5 20 20 05 05 51
2 0 51 5 17 17 70
05 51 70
17
0) 0) 0) )
17 70
17
0) 0) ) )
As they move through the equatorial warm currents, they bring a lot of moisture with them.
After passing through the equator, they head southwest. This is what the southwest monsoons are called.
By early June, they are strong enough to attract Southern Hemisphere trade winds from the Indian Ocean.
Low-pressure conditions in the northwest plains have gotten even more extreme as a result of the quick rise in

These southeast trade winds traverse the equator, entering the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea before becoming
 Sa Sa
Sa Sa ad
Sa ad ad
Sa Sa
ad ad M M
ad ad M M is is
d M M is is ba
M M is is ba ba ba
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is is
b b ba h h (8 (8
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51 17 7 0 0) )S Sa aa
70 0 0) )S S aa d
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52 5 20
52
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17
51 51 0)
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17 7 70
) ) )S Sa Sa
0 0) Sa aa ad
)S S Sa
ad d
ad
M
aa aa ad M M is
aa d d M M is is b
d M M is is ba ah
M is is b ba ba
h h (8
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ba h h (8 (8 23 23
h (8 (8 23 2 23 52
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23 35 5 5 20 05 05
52 20 20 20
51 51 17 1 70
20 05 5 51 7 7 0
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70 0) Sa aa aa
70 ) S S Sa
d d
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ad
M M
aa ad d d M M is i
d M M is is b
M M is is b ba ah
is is
b ba ba ah h (8
sb b ah h h (8 (8 23
ah ah (8 (8 23
(8 (8 23 2 23 52 52
(8 23 23 35 52 0
23 52 52 20 0 05 51
52 52 0 05 51 51 17 7
05 0 51 51 17 70 70 0)
1 70 70 0 )S ) Sa
70 ) ) )S Sa
a ad
0) ) Sa aa aa d
Sa Sa
ad d d M M
Sa
a ad ad M M is is
d M M is is ba
M M is is ba ba
h h
is is b b ba
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b b ah ah (8 (8
ah ah (8 (8 2 2
(8 (8 23 23 35 35
(8 23 20
23 23 23 5 5 20
52
05
20 51
52 52 20 51
52 0 05 51 51 17 7 0)
70
)S
05 51 17 70 70 0)
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0) ) )S Sa aa ad ad
S Sa aa ad d M M
aa ad d M M is is
d M M is is b ba
M M is is ba ah h
is is b b ba
h h (8
b ah ah (8 (8
ba ah (8 (8 2 23
h (8 (8 2 23 23 35 52
(8
2 23 23 35 52 52 20 0
35 52 5 20 20 05 05 51
2 0 51 5 17 17 70
05 51 70
17
0) 0) 0) )
17 70
17
0) 0) ) )
 Sa Sa
Sa Sa ad
Sa ad ad
Sa Sa
ad ad M M
ad ad M M is is
d M M is is ba
M M is is ba ba ba
h h
is is
b b ba h h (8 (8
b ah ah h (8 (8 2 23
ah (8 (8 23 35
(8 (8 23 2 35
23
52 52 2
52
0
23 23 05
52 5 20
52 20 0 51
05
17 17
05 51 0
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51 17 7 0 0) )S Sa aa
70 0 0) )S S aa d
)S )S S aa aa d
ad
M
aa aa d d M M is
aa d d M M is is
d M M is is b ba
M is is ba ba ba
h
ah
is b ba h h (8 (8
ba ah h (8 (8 23
h h (8 (8 2 23 23 52
(8 (8 23 23 35 52 52
23 23 5 20 0 05
52 5 20
52
0
20 51
05
17
51
70
17
51 51 0)
05 51 70 70 0) )
17 7 70
) ) )S Sa Sa
0 0) Sa aa ad
)S S Sa
ad d
ad
M
aa aa ad M M is
aa d d M M is is b
d M M is is ba ah
M is is b ba ba
h h (8
is ba ba ah h (8 (8
ba h h (8 (8 23 23
h (8 (8 23 2 23 52
(8 2 23 35 52
23 35 5 5 20 05 05
52 20 20 20
51 51 17 1 70
20 05 5 51 7 7 0
51 1 17 7 0) 0) 0) )S )S
70 0) Sa aa aa
70 ) S S Sa
d d
)S Sa aa aa a d
ad
M M
aa ad d d M M is i
d M M is is b
M M is is b ba ah
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Replaces Anil Kumar Lahoti.

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Tenure until August 31, 2024.

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She is the first woman in the role.

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Previously served as Member (Operations and

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Played a role in handling the Balasore train accident

A career spanning the Indian Railway Traffic Service.

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Railway Board

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body to assist the Minister of Railways.

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development, rolling stock and finance.

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as traffic, civil, mechanical, electrical and signal & telecom.

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to secretary level grade – highest in the government of India.

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Railways in consultation with the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT).

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corporatisation.
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mishap near Muzaffarnagar in August 2017.

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Railway Board and its zones along more commercial lines. This will also end departmentalism.

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The lack of coordination between the maintenance and traffic staff is said to have played a role in the Khatauli rail
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Centre.
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patients.
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Revolutionized cancer treatment in Assam.

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Director of Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research

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Dr. R. Ravi Kannan wins Ramon Magsaysay Award.

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Improved patient compliance rate from 28% to 70%.

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individuals and organisations from all across Asia who have distinguished themselves and

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generously helped others without seeking public attention.

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organisations. Each year, the foundation’s trustees select the recipients, who are
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• Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay (August 31, 1907 – March 17, 1957) served as the Philippines’ seventh President from December 30,

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colonial era, and the country’s first president born in the twentieth century.

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