PLEASE, STAND BY.

English class is up ahead.

GOOD
MORNING!
CHECKING OF
ATTENDANCE
Key Structural Elements
and Language Features
of an Argumentative Text
5

WHAT I KNOW

PAGE 2
C
6

D
B

C
B
7

C
B8

C
9

C
10

ANSWER KEY

1. C – EVIDENCE
2. D – STATISTICS
3. B – CYBERBULLYING
4. D – YOU CITE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF OPINIONS.
5. C – IT ADDS MEANING TO THE VERBS.
6. B – MODAL VERB
7. D – UNFORTUNATELY
8. A – OUGHT TO
9. C – CONJUNCTION
10. B – EVALUATIVE LANGUAGE
11. A – MOREOVER
12. D – SUM UP THE IDEA
13. C – THE SITUATION IS GETTING WORSE BECAUSE PEOPLE LACK DISCIPLINE.
14. D – IT IS A QUESTION ASKED NOT TO GET AN ANSWER BUT TO EMPHASIZE A POINT.
15. C – THE POLICY ON PHYSICAL DISTANCING WAS REVISED.
11

OBJECTIVES
1. identify the structural elements of an
argumentative text;
2. organize an argumentative text through an
outline; and
3. value the importance of knowledge of structural
elements of an argumentative text.
Key Structural Elements
and Language Features
of an Argumentative Text
13

WHAT’S NEW

PAGE 5
“
PROCESS QUESTIONS

1. What are the two students talking about?

2. What are they doing in the entire conversation?
3. What was Carla’s stand about the performance?
4. What about Jimmy’s stand? Did he agree with Carla?
5. What was Carla trying to prove?
“
Carla : That was a lousy performance!
Jimmy : Why?
Carla : The background music was inappropriate and the performers
lacked facial expressions.
Jimmy : I thought that was good enough because all the cast have
mastered their lines.
Carla : Yes, they have mastery, but their actions were obviously not
internalized which made the overall performance unrealistic.
“
PROCESS QUESTIONS

1. What are the two students talking about?

2. What are they doing in the entire conversation?
3. What was Carla’s stand about the performance?
4. What about Jimmy’s stand? Did he agree with Carla?
5. What was Carla trying to prove?
ELEMENTS OF
ARGUMENTATION
“
ARGUMENT or CLAIM

An argument states a claim and

supports it with reasons and evidence
from sources.
“
COUNTERARGUMENT or COUNTERCLAIM

An argument that stands in opposition

to your argument or claim.
“
REFUTATION

Simply disproving an opposing

argument by showing evidence
“
Identify the elements of argumentation
from the dialogue.
“
Carla : That was a lousy performance!
Jimmy : Why?
ARGUMENT or CLAIM

Carla : The background music was inappropriate and the performers lacked facial
expressions.
EVIDENCE

Jimmy : I thought that was good enough because all the cast have mastered their lines.
COUNTERCLAIM

Carla : Yes, they have mastery, but their actions were obviously not internalized which
made the overall performance unrealistic.
REFUTATION
STRUCTURE OF
ARGUMENTATIVE
TEXT
“
“
INTRODUCTION
-Topic
-Background Information
-Thesis Statement
“
TOPIC
the general subject of the essay

REMEMBER
1. A good topic has two arguable sides.
2. Topics that are not appropriate for argumentative essays
are arguments of preference, belief or faith, and fact
“
▸ PREFERENCE
Chocolate ice cream tastes better
than strawberry ice cream
“
▸ BELIEF OF FAITH
God exists.
“
▸ Fact
The Philippines is an archipelago.
“ Decide if the following topics are
Argumentative (ARG) or Non-
argumentative (NON).
“
▸ Beauty magazines should stop
photoshopping models.

ARG
“
▸ Parents control their children’s TV
viewing habits in three ways.

NON
“
▸ Denying treatment to a patient
who can’t afford it is unethical.

ARG
“
▸ Can video gamers be counted as
true athletes?

ARG
“
▸ Politicians use various strategies
to influence the media during
their election campaigns.
NON
“
▸ A candidate’s appearance
shouldn’t be considered in a job
hiring process.
ARG
“
THESIS STATEMENT
- A thesis statement is one or two
sentences, usually placed at the end
of your introduction that describes
the main focus of your essay.
“
▸ THESIS STATEMENT FORMULA

Topic + Position + Reason = Thesis Statement

“ Example:
Cell phone use while driving
should be banned, for it creates an
unsafe environment not only for
drivers using cell phones but also
for other people in nearby vehicles.
“
TOPIC?
Cell phone use while driving
should be banned, for it creates an
unsafe environment not only for
drivers using cell phones but also
for other people in nearby vehicles.
“
POSITION?
Cell phone use while driving
should be banned, for it creates an
unsafe environment not only for
drivers using cell phones but also
for other people in nearby vehicles.
“
REASON?
Cell phone use while driving should
be banned, for it creates an unsafe
environment not only for drivers
using cell phones but also for other
people in nearby vehicles.
“ State whether the components
of the thesis statements are
COMPLETE or INCOMPLETE.
“ Welfare benefits for single mothers
should not be eliminated, for the
benefits are needed to prevent hunger
and poverty among our country’s most
helpless citizens—our children.

COMPLETE
 “ Marijuana would eliminate the
black market.

INCOMPLETE
 “An after-school job not only reduces
opportunities for social and recreational
time but also takes the valuable time
away from schoolwork.
INCOMPLETE
“ Violent video games should be
made illegal, for it might incite
some people to commit violent
acts.
COMPLETE
“Pornography is harmful to society
because it depersonalizes and
dehumanizes sexuality and it is
degrading and oppressive to women.
COMPLETE
 “ Women generally live longer than
men.

INCOMPLETE
“
TAKE NOTE.
A strong thesis makes a claim.
“
A: There are some negative and positive aspects
to the Strawberry Herb Tea Supplement.

B: Because Strawberry Herb Tea Supplement

promotes fast weight loss that results in
the loss of muscle and lean body mass, it
creates a potential risk to customers.
“
A: There are some negative and positive aspects
to the Strawberry Herb Tea Supplement.

B: Because Strawberry Herb Tea Supplement

promotes fast weight loss that results in
the loss of muscle and lean body mass, it
creates a potential risk to customers.
“
TAKE NOTE.
A strong thesis states one
specific main idea.
“
A: Because the Internet is filled with an abundance of
marketing potential, companies should exploit this
potential by using Facebook pages that offer both
advertising and customer support.

B: Companies should maximize the marketing potential

of the Internet, and Facebook pages can provide both
advertising and customer support.
“
A: Because the Internet is filled with an abundance of
marketing potential, companies should exploit this
potential by using Facebook pages that offer both
advertising and customer support.

B: Companies should maximize the marketing potential

of the Internet, and Facebook pages can provide both
advertising and customer support.
“
State if the following thesis is
weak or strong.
“
WEAK

STRONG

STRONG
1.
2.
3.
Charles Dickens is a good author.
Socialism is the best form of government for Kenya because
it will promote equal opportunity for workers.
If the government takes over the copper industry in
Kenya, it will become more efficient through regulation
and standardization.
WEAK 4. Sigmund Freud is one of the greatest psychologists in
medical history.
WEAK
5. Movies are becoming more and more daring in their
subject matter.
“
SAMPLE INTRODUCTION
PAGE 6
 “ Does Freedom of Speech Give People the Right to Use Hate Speech?

“What is freedom of expression? Without the freedom to offend, it ceases to exist”

Salman Rushdie. The quote perfectly sums up the never-ending debate about freedom
of speech and hate speech. It is a well-known fact that freedom of speech and
expression belongs to the group of fundamental human rights of every person on this
planet. Lately, we are witnessing the rising concerns about hate speech, is it protected
by this basic human right or freedom of speech should have some limitations? Given
the fact that every individual is allowed to express thoughts and beliefs, banning the
negative comments would, in fact, deny his or her basic rights i.e. freedom of speech.
 “ Does Freedom of Speech Give People the Right to Use Hate Speech?
Title
“What is freedom of expression? Without the freedom to offend, it ceases to exist”
Salman Rushdie. The quote perfectly sums up the never-ending debate about freedom
of speech and hate speech. It is a well-known fact that freedom of speech and
expression belongs to the group of fundamental human rights of every person on this
planet. Lately, we are witnessing the rising concerns about hate speech, is it protected
by this basic human right or freedom of speech should have some limitations? Given
the fact that every individual is allowed to express thoughts and beliefs, banning the
negative comments would, in fact, deny his or her basic rights i.e. freedom of speech.
 “
Topic
Does Freedom of Speech Give People the Right to Use Hate Speech?

“What is freedom of expression? Without the freedom to offend, it ceases to exist”

Salman Rushdie. The quote perfectly sums up the never-ending debate about freedom
of speech and hate speech. It is a well-known fact that freedom of speech and
expression belongs to the group of fundamental human rights of every person on this
planet. Lately, we are witnessing the rising concerns about hate speech, is it protected
by this basic human right or freedom of speech should have some limitations? Given
the fact that every individual is allowed to express thoughts and beliefs, banning the
negative comments would, in fact, deny his or her basic rights i.e. freedom of speech.
 “ Does Freedom of Speech Give People the Right to Use Hate Speech?
Background Information
“What is freedom of expression? Without the freedom to offend, it ceases to exist”
Salman Rushdie. The quote perfectly sums up the never-ending debate about freedom
of speech and hate speech. It is a well-known fact that freedom of speech and
expression belongs to the group of fundamental human rights of every person on this
planet. Lately, we are witnessing the rising concerns about hate speech, is it protected
by this basic human right or freedom of speech should have some limitations? Given
the fact that every individual is allowed to express thoughts and beliefs, banning the
negative comments would, in fact, deny his or her basic rights i.e. freedom of speech.
 “ Does Freedom of Speech Give People the Right to Use Hate Speech?

“What is freedom of expression? Without the freedom to offend, it ceases to exist”

Salman Rushdie. The quote perfectly sums up the never-ending debate about freedom
of speech and hate speech. It is a well-known fact that freedom of speech and
expression belongs to the group of fundamental human rights of every person on this
planet. Lately, we are witnessing the rising concerns about hate speech, is it protected
by this basic human right or freedom of speech should have some limitations?
Given the fact that every individual is allowed to express thoughts and beliefs, banning
the negative comments would, in fact, deny his or her basic rights i.e. freedom of
speech.
Thesis Statement
“
INTRODUCTION
-Topic
-Background Information
-Thesis Statement
“
BODY
-Topic Sentences (Argument/Claim)
-Evidence/Explanation/Examples
-Counterclaim
-Refutation
 “ARGUMENT 1
(TOPIC SENTENCE)

EVIDENCE/
EXPLANATION /
Freedom of speech reinforces all other human rights, thus
allowing society to develop and progress at a constant rate.
The ability to state our opinion and speak freely is pivotal for
any change in society. Throughout the history, society evolved
thanks to the individuals, great thinkers, brave leaders, who
were not scared to express their beliefs. Back in time, those
EXAMPLES TO
SUPPORT beliefs that were contrary to the typical “mindset” would be
ARGUMENT 1 considered as hate, a hatred towards their way of life, culture,
and tradition. The most reputable professors, experts, and
campaigners only confirm that free speech has always been
used to fight for change, for better times.
 “ARGUMENT 2
(TOPIC SENTENCE)
Besides reinforcement of other human rights, free speech is
also essential due to the ability to hear others and be heard
at the same time. We need to hear other people’s views as
well as offering them our own opinions. Unfortunately, one
of the fastest-growing problems of our society is that people
EXPLANATION
rarely listen to others and acknowledge their takes on certain
TO SUPPORT topics if they don’t agree with them. We should feel
ARGUMENT 2 comfortable exchanging ideas and thoughts with those who
have opposing views. Experts agree that way there would be
less “hate speech” circling around.
 “
COUNTERCLAIM
(argument from the
opposing side)
We hear or read the term “hate speech” a lot, especially now with the
easy internet access and a multitude of social media websites to join.
It comes as no wonder why insulting comments and expressing
negative ideas are considered a threat to the humanity. A lot of
people are anti-Semitic, anti-Muslim, anti-gay marriage, and so on.
Those who assume hate speech is not a freedom of speech,
primarily, focus on the expression of a negative attitude towards
certain people and ideas. However, if we start banning people from
expressing their beliefs, then what comes next? After one thing, there
REFUTATION
always comes another and, eventually, the mankind would live in fear
of saying anything. The reality is that the society has become
oversensitive; everything one does not agree with is considered
insulting and branded as hate.
“
BODY
-Topic Sentences (Argument/Claim)
-Evidence/Explanation/Examples
-Counterclaim
-Refutation
“
CONCLUSION
-Restatement of the Thesis
Statement
-Restatement or Summary of the
Arguments
-Concluding Sentence
 “
RESTATEMENT OF
THE THESIS
STATEMENT

RESTATEMENT/
Finally, freedom of speech is the most important
human right that every individual has the right to
exercise.
This freedom comes with the ability to express one’s
opinion, regardless of its nature good or bad. What
SUMMARY OF THE our society needs today are not limitations of free
ARGUMENTS
speech, but making efforts to establish dialogues
between people with conflicting beliefs.
CONCLUDING Listening and being heard will go a long way; that way,
SENTENCE
we could build bridges instead of burning them.
72

WHAT I HAVE
LEARNED

PAGE 8
“
▸ Anytopic is considered
argumentative if …
“
▸ The … is the part of an argumentative
text that introduces the problem,
provides background information, and
gives the thesis statement.
“
▸ Every reason is supported with … that may
come in the form of statistics, examples,
quotations or experience.
“
▸ The … restates the position and
summarizes the main arguments.
“
▸ The thesis statement is located at
the … of the introduction.
“
▸ The formula of a thesis statement
is …
“
▸ Knowing the structural elements of
an argumentative text is important
because …
80

ASYNCHRONOUS
TASK

PAGE 8
END OF SESSION