Namma Kalvi 10th English Special Guide Way To Success 221327

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 Way to Success - 10th English
Prose – 1: HIS FIRST FLIGHT
SYNONYMS
Choose the appropriate synonym for the italicised words.
1. The young seagull was alone on his ledge.
a) deny b) ask c) sill d) way
2. The seagull failed to muster up courage.
a) dismiss b) separate c) gather d) divide
3. The seagull failed to muster up courage to take that plunge which appeared to him so desperate.
a) emerge b) soar c) rise d) jump / dive
4. The seagull had, in fact, seen his older brother catch his first herring and devour it.
a) eat eagerly /swallow b) smell c) destroy d) bury
5. The seagull then trotted back and forth from one end of the ledge to the other.
a) crawled b) walked slowly c) rapid paced d) jogged
6. The sun was now ascending the sky, blazing warmly on his ledge.
a) smiling b) cooling c) shining d) unfriendly
7. The seagull even gnawed at the dried pieces of eggshell.
a) chewed b) starved c) gulped d) kicked
8. The mother seagull screamed back mockingly.
a) cheerfully b) sarcastically c) angrily d) sadly
9. Seagull’s parents threatened to let him starve on his ledge.
a) deprive of food b) utilize usefully c) find water d) strive for power
10. The seagull’s father was preening the feathers on his white back.
a) licking b) throwing c) sliding d) cleaning
ANTONYMS
Choose the appropriate antonym for the italicised words.
1. The seagull failed to muster up courage to take that plunge which appeared to him so desperate.
a) douse b) ascend c) sink d) drop
2. They were beckoning to him, calling shrilly.
a) resonantly b) acutely c) terribly d) calmly
3. The precipice was sheer, and the top of it was, perhaps, farther away than the sea beneath him.
a) pure b) gradual c) steep d) mere moderate
4. He then trotted back and forth from one end of the ledge to the other.
a) jogged b) ran c) hurried d) stopped
5. How he loved to tear food that way, scraping his beak now and again to whet it!
a) arouse b) sharpen c) grind d) blunt
6. His mother had swooped upwards.
a) stood b) walked c) strolled d) ascended
7. She was standing on a little high hump on the plateau, her white breast thrust forward.
a) bump b) bulge c) bang d) flat
8. He even gnawed at the dried pieces of eggshell.
a) chewed b) constructed c) ate d) annoyed
9. He could not rise exhausted by the strange exercise.
a) tired b) weary c) sleepy d) energized
10. But he kept calling plaintively.
a) happily b) sadly c) luckily d) fortunately
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TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS
WHILE READING QUESTIONS:
a) Why did the seagull fail to fly?
The seagull failed to fly, because he was afraid to fly.
b) What did the parents do, when the young seagull failed to fly?
When the young seagull failed to fly, his parents scolded him, and threatened to let him starve
on the ledge.
c) What was the first catch of the young seagull’s older brother? (PTA - 5)
Herring was the first catch of the young seagull’s older brother.
d) What did the young seagull manage to find in his search for food on the ledge?
The young seagull managed to find the dried pieces of Mackerel’s tail in the previous night. The
next morning, he found the dried pieces of eggshell to eat.
e) What did the young bird do to seek the attention of his parents? (SEP - 2021)
At first, the young bird pretended to fall asleep. Later it uttered a low cackle and kept calling
sadly to draw the attention of his parents.
f) What made the young seagull go mad?
The young seagull was very hungry and his mother did not come nearer to feed him. It made the
young seagull go mad.
g) Why did the young bird utter a joyful scream?
The young bird saw his mother picking up a piece of fish towards him. So he uttered a joyful
scream. Later when he began to fly, he uttered a joyful scream.
h) Did the mother bird offer any food to the young bird?
No, the mother bird did not offer any food to the young bird.
i) How did the bird feel, when it started flying for the first time?
When the seagull started flying for the first time, a monstrous terror seized him for a moment, but
then he uttered a joyful scream.
j) What did the young birds’ family do when he started flying?
The young birds’ family was very happy. His mother swooped past him, his father flew over him,
and his brothers and sister were flying around him, high and low, out of joy.
A. Answer the following questions in a sentence or two.
1. How was the young seagull’s first attempt to fly? (or) Why did the seagull fail to fly? (PTA - 2)
The young seagull’s first attempt to fly was a failure, because he was afraid to fly. He failed to
muster up courage to fly. Instead of flapping his wings and flying away, he ran back to the little hole.
2. How did the parents support and encourage the young seagull’s brothers and sister? (PTA - 4,5)
The parents supported and encouraged the young seagull’s brothers and sister, by perfecting them
in the art of flight, teaching them how to skim and surf the waves and how to dive for fish.
3. Give an instance that shows the pathetic condition of the young bird.
The young seagull failed to muster up courage to fly. So he had to stay in his nest. He had no food. He
could not find anything but the dried pieces of eggshell to eat. This was the pathetic condition of the young bird.
4. How did the bird try to reach its parents without having to fly?
He walked back and forth from one end of the ledge to the other. And also he tried to find some
means of reaching his parents without having to fly. But it couldn’t reach them.
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5. Do you think that the young seagull’s parents were harsh to him? Why?
No. I don’t think that the parents were harsh to him. Here the young seagull’s parents trained him
to fly. The mother seagull showed a piece of fish to the hungry young seagull. Maddened by hunger, he
dived at the fish and began to fly.
6. What prompted the young seagull to fly finally? (HY - 19, MDL - 19, PTA - 1)
The mother seagull showed a piece of fish to the hungry young seagull. But he couldn’t reach
the food as it was out of reach. Maddened by hunger, he dived at the fish. Thus, its natural bird instinct
and its urge for survival prompted the young seagull to fly, finally.
7. What happened to the young seagull when it landed on the green sea?
The young seagull landed on the green sea and sank into it. His belly touched the water and he
sank no farther. He was floating on it.
PARAGRAPH QUESTIONS
B. Answer each of the following questions in a paragraph of about 100 - 150 words.
1. Describe the struggles underwent by the young seagull to overcome its fear of flying.
(SEP – 2020, HY-19, MDL-19, PTA -2, 4, 5)
Prose : HIS FIRST FLIGHT
Author : Liam O’Flaherty
Theme : Parenting care
The young seagull was alone on the ledge. Unlike his two brothers and sister, he was afraid to fly.
He failed to muster up courage to fly. His parents had come around calling him shrilly, scolding him,
and threatening to let him starve on the ledge. He had no food. He could find nothing but the dried pieces
of eggshell to eat. His parents wanted to teach him to fly. So the mother seagull showed a piece of fish
to the hungry young seagull. But he couldn’t reach the food. Maddened by hunger, he dived at the fish,
to grab it. He had no choice other than to flap his wings and fly towards his meal. He landed on the green
sea and sank into it. He was floating on the water. The young birds’ family was very happy and they
offered him scraps of dog-fish for his first flight. Thus the parental care, his natural bird instinct and his
urge for survival prompted him to fly, finally.
Moral: Necessity is the mother of action.
2. Your parents sometimes behave like the young bird’s parents. They may seem cruel and unrelenting.
Does it mean that they do not care for you? Explain your views about it with reference to the story.
 Parents are our first teachers. Guiding their children at every stage is their primary responsibility. If
they fail to do this, the children cannot attain perfection.
 It is said that children start learning and responding even when they are in the womb of the mother.
A child which grows, without the guidance of the parents, lack in the art of speech, walking, holding
things, eating and even doing their day-to-day basic activities. Children need even toilet training.
 Some children can learn easily as the young seagull’s siblings. But few hesitate or struggle while learning
new things like the young seagull. To them, the parents have to be harsh for the betterment of their life
as we see the parents of the young seagull in this lesson who have to starve until it flies. As the old proverb
says “Bend the twig, Bend the tree”, they may seem cruel and unrelenting. But it is for the good of their
children. It is the duty of every parent to educate and teach their young ones the art of life.
Moral: Bend the twig, Bend the tree.
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GENERAL PARAGRAPH
Prose : HIS FIRST FLIGHT

Author : Liam O’Flaherty
Theme : Parental care
‘His First Flight’ is a story written by Liam O’Flaherty that proves the saying ‘To master any art,
one should overcome fear.’ Once there lived a young seagull who was one among the four off springs of
the father and the mother seagulls. He was very timid. Unlike his two brothers and sister, he was afraid
to fly. His parents had come around calling him shrilly, scolding him and threatening to let him starve
on the ledge. So, the mother seagull showed a piece of fish to the hungry young seagull. But he couldn’t
reach the food. Maddened by hunger, he dived at the fish to grab it. He had no choice other than to flap
his wings and to fly towards his meal. He was floating on the water. The young birds’ family was very
happy. They offered him scraps of dog-fish for the success of his first flight. Thus, the guidance of his
parents, his natural bird instinct and his urge for survival prompted him to fly finally.
Moral: Necessity does the work of courage.
LATE BLOOMERS’ PARAGRAPH
 The young seagull was afraid to fly.

 His parents let him starve.
 The mother seagull showed him a piece of fish.
 Due to his hunger, he dived and flew towards it.
 Thus, he had made his first flight.
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Prose – 3 EMPOWERED WOMEN NAVIGATING THE
WORLD
SYNONYMS
1. It is a vessel built indigenously in India.
a) non indigenous b) non active c) natively d) artificially
2. The program covered the expedition in five legs.
a) anxious b) effort c) journey d) guard
3. The voyage had stop overs at four ports for replenishment of ration.
a) purchase b) sale c) expedition d) restoration of stock
4. My contention was to make sure that we go by the rules of circumnavigation.
a) agreement b) argument c) disappointment d) disunity
5. We have to be active and need to anticipate what could be there ahead.
a) foresee b) hope c) wait d) attack
6. The sea does not discriminate between genders.
a) follow b) decide c) distinguish d) develop
7. I love it when people appreciate the food that I cook.
a) respect b) reserve c) recognise d) reject
8. Tara-Tarini is the patron deity for sailors.
a) lover b) God c) special guardian d) devil
9. They underwent extensive sea trials.
a) narrow b) wide c) shallow d) famous
10. Women are empowered to attain their full potential.
a) personality b) existent c) involvement d) capability
ANTONYMS
1. She did a tremendous task.
a) tiny b) big c) large d) great
2. This is made indigenously in India.
a) natively b) aboriginal c) non-indigenous / Foreign d) un-indigenous
3. She has got special potential.
a) capability b) incapability c) skill d) talent
4. We never discriminate the students in our school.
a) indiscriminate b) differentiate c) discern d) distinguish
5. The sofa should be covered neatly.
a) closed b) opened c) concealed d) hidden
6. She told the accurate answer.
a) correct b) exact c) absolute d) inaccurate
7. Sail boat encouraged renewable energy.
a) helped b) assisted c) discouraged d) courage
8. It collected data for monitoring marine pollution on high seas.
a) gathered b) poised c) composed d) dispersed
9. It encouraged the use of non-conventional renewable energy resources.
a) reversible b) non-renewable c) replenishable d) fresh
10. We did not want to frighten them.
a) affright b) alarm c) horrify d) comfort
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TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS
a) What does INSV stand for?
INSV stands for Indian Naval Ship Vessel.
b) When was INSV Tarini commissioned to Indian Navy service?
INSV Tarini was commissioned to the Indian Navy Service on 18th February 2017.
c) Who is Tara -Tarini? (OR) Write a short note on Tara-Tarini. (PTA - 4)
Tara-Tarini is the patron deity for sailors. She is worshipped for safety and success at sea. The Indian
Navy’s second sail boat was named after the famous Tara-Tarini temple in Ganjam district of Odisha.
d) Where did the crew undergo their basic training?
The crew underwent their basic training at the Indian Naval Waterman ship Training Centre
(INWTC) in Mumbai.
e) How long were they trained to undertake this voyage?
They were trained for almost three years to undertake this voyage.
f) Which skill was considered important in the selection process?
The little survival skills they showcased was considered important in the selection process.
g) Who mentored the crew?
Commander Dilip Donde mentored the crew.
h) Which quality of the skipper helped to bring out a successful expedition?
Honesty of the skipper helped to bring out a successful expedition.
i) Who among the crew mentioned about teamwork?
Payal Gupta mentioned about teamwork.
j) When did they witness the brilliant Southern lights from the sea? How did the sky appear there?
When they were crossing the Tasman sea, they witnessed the brilliant Southern Lights from the
sea. The entire sky lit up in green light.
k) What festival did they celebrate during their expedition?
They celebrated Diwali during their expedition.
A. Read the statements given below and state whether they are true or false. If false, then write
the correct answer in the space given.
1. Indian Navy’s all-women crew was the first-ever to circumnavigate the globe. - True
2. The crew consists of six members of men and women Indian Navy service. - False
Correct Sentence: The crew consists of six members of women in Indian Navy service.
3. Vartika Joshi skippered the crew to circumnavigate the globe. - True
4. The crew started their expedition on 10 July 2017 from Mumbai. - False
Correct Sentence: The crew started their expedition on 10 September 2017 from Goa.
5. Dilip Donde was the first person to go on a non-stop solo circumnavigation. - False
Correct Sentence: Abhilash Tomy was the first Indian to go on a non-stop solo circumnavigation.
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B. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. Mention the special features of INSV Tarini. (MDL - 19)
The special features of INSV Tarini are,
 It encouraged the use of environment-friendly non-conventional renewable energy resources
such as the wind;
 It collected and updated meteorological, ocean and wave data on a regular basis from Indian
Meteorological Department (IMD)
 It also collected data for monitoring marine pollution on high seas.
2. What does the term circumnavigation mean? (PTA - 2)
Circumnavigation means to travel around the world in a ship.
3. How did the all-women Indian Navy crew go about their voyage?
The all-women Indian Navy crew started from Goa. It covered the expedition in five legs with
stop-overs at four ports. They went around the globe and reached Goa.
4. When did the crew start their voyage? When did they return to India? How many days did it take
to complete the expedition?
The crew started their voyage on 10 September 2017 from Goa. They went around the globe in
254 days and reached Goa port on 21 May 2018.
5. What sort of training did the crew undergo before their expedition?
The all-women Indian Navy crew underwent some theoretical courses on navigation
communication and weather prediction. They were trained to repair things, to deal with
emergencies in tactical aspects. They underwent basic sail training courses in Mumbai. They also sailed
on INSV Mhadei to Mauritius and back and also to Cape Town.
6. How did the crew members work as a team to make their expedition successful?
Even during the storm when three people would be out on watch, the other three would indulge
in some sort of works like heat the water or the gloves etc., Thus the crew members worked as a
team to make their expedition successful.
7. What challenging tasks did the team face during their voyage?
In the South Pacific, they encountered a severe storm with nine to ten meters high waves and 60-70 knots
winds. When something broke down or went bad, they were able to set things right with great effort.
8. What sort of activities did the crew engage in during their long voyage?
They picked up some hobbies and kept posting pictures of delicacies like golgappas and
cakes. They also read books and did some quilling and craft work. The team leader read comics
and the Ramayana. Swathi was indulged in baking and making lamp shades.
9. Mention the celebrations which the crew enjoyed during their expeditions. (HY- 19)
Diwali and three birthdays including the 1st birthday of the boat were the celebrations the crew
enjoyed during their expeditions.
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10. Which factor motivated the crew to undertake this expedition? (PTA - 3)
The entire country was watching and praying for the crew. Thus the moral support of the whole
nation motivated them to undertake the expedition.
PARAGRAPH QUESTIONS
C. Answer the following in about 100 - 150 words:
1. Highlight the factors responsible for the all-women Indian Navy crew to carry out their expedition.
(SEP - 2021, PTA - 1, 3, 5, 6)
Prose : EMPOWERED WOMEN NAVIGATING THE WORLD

Theme : Factors responsible for ‘all-women Indian Navy crew’ to carry out their expedition.
The voyage 'Navika Sagar Parikrama' was a project organized by the Indian Government. The main
aim was to achieve the National policy of ‘empowering women to attain their full potential’. It promoted
the ocean sailing activities in the Navy and depicted the Government of India's thrust for Nari Shakti
(women power). The voyage was also aimed to showcase ‘Make in India’ initiative by sailing on- board
indigenously built INSV Tarini. The special feature of this sailboat is that it encouraged the use of
environment-friendly non-conventional renewable energy resources such as the wind. It collected and
updated meteorological, ocean and wave data on a regular basis for accurate weather forecast by India
Meteorological Department (IMD) and also collected data for monitoring marine pollution on high seas.
These are the factors responsible for the all-women Indian Navy crew to carry out their expedition.
Moral: Success depends on 10% external factors and 90% internal factors.
2. Write in detail about the selection and training process which the crew underwent. (PTA - 4)
Theme : Training and selection of the crew members.
The all-women Indian Navy crew underwent some theoretical courses on navigation
communication and weather prediction. They were trained to repair things, to deal with emergencies
in tactical aspects. They underwent basic sail training courses in Mumbai at the Indian Naval Waterman
ship Training Centre (INWTC). They also sailed on INSV Mhadei to Mauritius and back and also to
Cape Town. They were trained almost for 3 years to prepare for voyage. The trip was a tutorial for them
to manage food, water and even electricity during the voyage. Out of the thirty women, who had applied,
six were shortlisted based on the little survival skills they showcased.
Moral: Practice makes perfection.
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GENERAL PARAGRAPH

Theme : Success story of the women crew’s expedition.
Nowadays, we can see women’s empowerment in many fields. One such achievement was the voyage
named Navika Sagar Parikrama by the Indian Government. The main aim was to achieve the National policy
of ‘empowering women to attain their full potential’. The voyage was also aimed to showcase ‘Make in
India’ initiative by sailing on-board indigenously built INSV Tarini. This sailboat could use the
environment-friendly resources such as the wind. It could collect and update meteorological, ocean and
wave data on a regular basis for accurate weather forecast by India Meteorological Department (IMD). The
six member women crew underwent some theoretical courses on navigation communication and weather
prediction. Training was given to repair things, and to deal with emergencies when the weather gets rough
and in medical emergency. They underwent their basic sail training courses. They even sailed in INSV
Mhadei to Mauritius and also to Cape Town. They were trained almost for 3 years. These trips were tutorial
for them to manage food, water and even electricity during the voyage. These are the factors responsible
for all-women Indian Navy crew to carry out their expedition successfully.
Moral: Women are the real architects of society.
 Six army women were selected for a voyage ‘Navika Sagar Parikrama’.
 They underwent training to sail and to handle the emergencies.
 They used indigenously built sail boat INS-Tarini.
 The voyage started in Goa on 10 September 2017 and ended there on 21 May 2018. (254 days)
 This voyage proved woman empowerment.
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Prose – 4: THE ATTIC
SYNONYMS
1. He left his ancestral house 29 years ago.
a) ancient b) central c) inherited d) primordial
2. The sun was soothing without much heat.
a) making silent b) scorching c) making calm d) hurtful
3. He stretched himself with eyes dilated.
a) downward b) widely opened c) disappointed d) closed
4. His nerves seemed overwrought for some reason.
a) upset/ tensed b) relaxed c) tired d) calm
5. A portion of the wall had crumbled.
a) broken b) decorated c) painted d) broken
6. He said in an unperturbed manner.
a) unhappy b) undisturbed c) unconscious d) anxious
7. This smacks too much of charity.
a) attacks b) insults c) puts forcefully d) discourages
8. I couldn’t help venting my anger on you.
a) venturing b) expressing c) concealing d) with holding
9. I would have preferred to have the medal.
a) liked better / favoured b) presented c) hated d) rejected
10. The phrase “Special prize to Sriman Sasanka Sanyal” was engraved on the medal.
a) written b) carved c) offered d) removed
ANTONYMS
1. We had reached a point where the road bifurcated.
a) merged b) bisected c) divided d) separated
2. The sun was soothing without much heat.
a) comforting b) annoying c) pleasing d) relaxing
3. A portion of the wall had crumbled.
a) broken b) interrupted c) painted d) integrated
4. He stood up with eyes dilated.
a) opened b) stretched c) shrunken /contracted d) enlarged
5. The owner of the tea shop appeared rustic.
a) dirty b) sophisticated c) old d) homely
6. Sanyal was leading an unperturbed life.
a) calm b) disturbed / perturbed c) satisfied d) unworried
7. The jeweller said that it was an antique item.
a) old b) ancient c) modern d) outdated
8. He vent his anger on seeing money.
a) expressed b) exhibited c) concealed/ suppressed d) opened
9. His nerves seemed overwrought.
a) tired b) calm c) tensed d) upset
10. I would have preferred to have the medal, if it were possible.
a) impossible b) unable c) probable d) viable
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TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS

a) When did Aditya leave the local school? (PTA - 6)
Aditya left the local school after he had passed the matriculation examination.
b) Why did Aditya think that the school would not be recognisable?
Aditya was going to visit the school after twenty nine years. The school may have undergone
many changes during these years. So he thought that the school would not be recognizable.
c) Who were Aditya’s ancestors?
Aditya’s ancestors were zamindars.
d) How was the landscape through which they travelled?
The landscape was spotted with paddy fields on either side of the road.
e) What did Aditya visit?
Aditya visited his old school. Later he visited Nagen uncle’s tea shop, his old house, jeweller’s shop
and the house of Jogesh Kabiraj (friend of Sanyal’s father)
f) Where was Nagen uncle’s shop?

Nagen uncle’s shop was next to a grocery shop and opposite to Lord Shiva’s temple.
g) Besides tea, what did Nagen uncle have in his shop?
Besides tea, Nagen uncle had biscuits and savouries in his shop.
h) What did Nagen uncle tell about Sanyal?
Nagen uncle told Aditya that Sanyal could not hear and see well and he had no money to buy spectacles.
i) In what way was Mr. Sanyal’s behaviour strange?
Mr. Sanyal suddenly stood up, stretched himself and raised his lean right arm. With eyes dilated, he began
to recite the poem ‘Panraksha’ (‘Keeping of a Promise’) by Tagore. In this way, his behaviour was strange.
j) What did Nagen uncle tell about Sanyal’s past life?
Nagen uncle told that Sanyal led a cursed life. He had sold his lands for his daughter’s marriage
and lost his wife and only son the year before.
k) How did Sanyal show that he had a sense of self-respect? (PTA - 4)
Sanyal showed his sense of self-respect by paying money for his tea and biscuits in the tea shop.
l) Why was the attic ‘a favourite place’ for the children? (SEP - 2021)
The attic was a favourite place for the children because they seem to be in a world of their own.
m) What did Aditya do on reaching the attic?
On reaching the attic, Aditya pushed his hand inside the ventilator and searched for something (the medal).
n) What did the jeweller say about the article?
The jeweller said that the article was an antique.
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o) Was Sanyal happy about his visitors?
No. Sanyal was not happy about his visitors.
p) Why did Sanyal recite the poem in the tea shop earlier?
Sanyal recited the poem so that Aditya could remember and recognize him and feel his mistake.
q) What was engraved on the medal?
The words ‘Sriman Sasanka Sanyal - Special Prize for Recitation - 1948’ was clearly engraved
on the medal.
A. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences.
1. Write a few lines about the owner of the shop.
The owner of the tea shop was over sixty. He was rustic in appearance with white neatly combed
hair and clean look. He was wearing a dhoti and a blue striped shirt under a green shawl.
2. What was the daily routine of Sanyal? (SEP - 2020, MDL - 19)
Sanyal went to the tea shop and had tea and biscuits there. He never failed to pay for them. This
was the daily routine of Sanyal.
3. Why was there a sudden change in Aditya’s expression?
When Sanyal recited the poem, Aditya could recognise that the man was Sanyal whom he had
deceived a long time ago. He felt his mistake. So there was a sudden change in his expression.
4. Why did Aditya decide to visit his ancestral home?
Initially, Aditya decided to visit his ancestral home trying to revive his old childhood memories.
After seeing Sanyal, he decided to go there to get the medal which he had once stolen from Sanyal.
5. What was the condition of the attic?
The wall of the attic had crumbled down. In the whole house, the attic had been the worst hit by
wind and weather. The floor was strewn with twigs, straw and pigeon droppings.
6. When did Aditya heave a sigh of relief? Why?
When Aditya had got the medal in the attic, he heaved a sigh of relief. Twenty nine years ago,
Aditya had stolen it from Sanyal and kept it in the attic. Now he felt guilty and wanted to return it
to Sanyal. It was safe till then.
7. Why did Aditya and his friend go to the jeweller?
Aditya and his friend went to the jeweller to find out the weight of Sanyal’s medal. They wanted
to know the value so that Aditya could pay Sanyal the money for the medal.
8. What did Aditya offer Sanyal? (HY - 19, PTA - 3)
Aditya offered Sanyal a sum of one hundred and fifty rupees.
9. “Your grievances are absolutely justified.” Who says this to whom? Why?
Aditya says to Sanyal, “Your grievances are absolutely justified.” Aditya felt guilty of stealing
Sanyal’s medal. So he justified Sanyal’s anger and grievance.
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PARAGRAPH QUESTIONS
B. Answer in detail the following questions in about 100 - 150 words.

1. Give a detailed account of all thoughts and questions in the narrator's mind while
accompanying Aditya from the tea shop to Sanyal’s house? (SEP – 2021, PTA - 5, 6)
Prose : THE ATTIC
Author : Satyajit Ray
Theme : Thoughts and questions in the narrator's mind
The narrator and Aditya had visited Aditya’s village after twenty nine years. They went to Nagen
uncle’s tea shop. They found Sasanka Sanyal there. Sanyal suddenly stood up and began to recite the
poem ‘Panraksha’ by Tagore. The narrator doubted that Sanyal was a little crazy. And also, he could
notice a sudden change in Aditya’s expression, while hearing Sanyal’s recitation. So he asked Aditya
the reason for it, to which Aditya didn’t answer. Aditya inquired Nagen about Sanyal. On their way to
go to meet Sanyal again, Aditya expressed his wish to visit his old house. The narrator asked him
whether he really wanted to visit his house. In his house, the narrator witnessed Aditya heaving a sigh
of relief, when he had got a medal in the attic. Not knowing the fact, the narrator eagerly asked the
reason for it. Aditya did not answer him there as well. Later they went to the jeweller to find out the
weight of the medal. The narrator could not understand why Aditya behaved like that. They went to
Kabiraj’s house, where Sanyal stayed. Aditya confessed to Sanyal his act of stealing his medal which
he got for recitation. Only then, the narrator got the answers for all the questions in his mind.
Moral: Sometimes questions are complicated, and answers are simple

2. ‘Man does change with time’ - What were the various changes that came about in Aditya? (MDL - 19)
Prose : THE ATTIC
Theme : Man does change with time.
Aditya and the narrator went to visit Aditya’s village after twenty nine years. They went to Nagen
uncle’s tea shop. They found Sasanka Sanyal there. On seeing them, Sanyal began to recite the poem
‘Panraksha’ by Tagore. Aditya inquired Nagen about Sanyal. He could recognise that the man was Sanyal
whom he had deceived a long time ago. So there was a sudden change in his expression. He felt guilty.
Once Aditya was jealous of Sanyal, when Sanyal got a medal for recitation of Tagore’s poem. Then Aditya
took the medal from Sanyal to show his father and never returned it. When Sanyal demanded his medal,
Aditya replied that he had missed it. Aditya remembered all these. But Sanyal got angry with Aditya. Aditya
justified Sanyal’s anger and grievance, since Aditya had committed the guilt. Now he wanted to prove that
he was not the same as he had been earlier. He said to Sanyal that man changes with time. Aditya too
changed and realized his mistake. So he gave Sanyal the cost of the medal, one hundred and fifty rupees.
As Sanyal refused, Aditya handed over the silver medal to him and proved that he has changed with time.
Moral: Time changes and we change with them.
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3. Give a brief character sketch of Sasanka Sanyal. (SEP - 2020, HY - 19, PTA - 1, 3, 4)
Prose : THE ATTIC
Theme : Character sketch of Sasanka Sanyal
Sasanka Sanyal led a cursed life. He sold his lands and his house for his daughter’s marriage. He
lost his wife and only son the year before. He was forced to stay in Jogesh Kabiraj’s house who was
his father’s friend. In spite of his suffering, he showed his sense of self respect by paying money for
his tea and biscuits in the tea shop. He recognised Aditya at the tea shop itself. He recited the poem
for which he got the medal. He recited it so that Aditya could remember and recognize him. He could
not forgive Aditya, who never returned the silver medal. Sanyal became helpless due to old age and
poverty. He was a man of innocence who expressed his grievances politely. He admitted that he got
angry at the tea shop. Finally he acknowledged that he could not control his anger and behaved
indifferently. He did not accept the money for his medal from Aditya. He frankly told Aditya that he
wanted his medal back. For him, the silver medal and the recognition were more valuable than anything
else. Though Sanyal suffered a lot, he proved that he had an acute sense of self-respect.
Moral: Self-respect is the root of discipline.
GENERAL PARAGRAPH
Prose : THE ATTIC

Theme : Time changes one’s attitude
The story ‘The Attic’ written by Satyajit Ray proves the quote, “Time changes everything.” The narrator
and Aditya went to Aditya’s village after twenty nine years. They found Sasanka Sanyal in the Nagen
uncle’s tea shop. Sanyal began to recite the poem ‘Panraksha’ by Tagore. Aditya inquired Nagen about
Sanyal. He could remember his past guilt. During school days, Sanyal got a medal for recitation of a poem.
Aditya was jealous of him. He took the medal from Sanyal to show his father. But he never returned it. Now
he felt guilty. He wanted to apologize to Sanyal. Aditya searched for the medal and got it in the attic of his
house. Aditya wanted to find the weight of the medal. When Aditya offered the cost of the medal, Sanyal
refused frankly and told him that he wanted his medal back as he considered it more valuable than anything
else. Aditya handed over the silver medal to Sanyal. He proved that he had also changed with time. Thus,
this story clearly depicts the change of Aditya’s attitude and Sanyal’s self- respect.
Moral: Repentance leads to rebirth.
 Aditya met Sasanka Sanyal from whom he had stolen a silver medal 29 years ago.
 To remind it, Sanyal sang Tagore’s song and Aditya felt guilty.
 Aditya found the medal in the attic of his old house.
 Aditya decided to return money, as he had changed with time.
 But Sanyal showed his self-respect by accepting the medal only.
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Prose – 5: TECH BLOOMERS
SYNONYMS
1. Your refrigerator can link to the e-commerce site and order for milk if it is about to be exhausted.
a) replenished b) tired c) entirely consumed d) old-fashioned
2. Anything which is below certain threshold, can be self-ordered by the appliance itself.
a) starting point b) porch c) exit d) grab
3. India’s disabled continue to grapple with the challenges.
a) avoid b) grab c) understanding d) struggle
4. India’s disabled continue to grapple with the challenges of access, acceptance and inclusion.
a) recognition b) agree c) neglect d) denial
5. Assistive Technology has helped a talented mind overcome physical impairments.
a) ignorances b) inadequates c) disabilities d) transitions
6. World renowned physicist Stephen Hawking is the best example.
a) obscure b) horrendous c) famous d) unfamiliar
7. He controls his PlayStation with a bespoke switch system.
a) free b) communicative c) interactive d) customised
8. He has a smaller communication aid.
a) device b) channel c) ailment d) hindrance
9. He has fixed his gaze on the icon.
a) ignorance b) speech c) stare d) touch
10. David will now use his ECO2 to speak in complete sentences with correct syntax.
a) disorder b) symbols c) sentence structure d) chaos
ANTONYMS
1. Anything which is below a certain threshold, can be self-ordered by the appliance.
a) starting point b) end c) doorstep d) entry
2. Technology is a boon to citizens with special needs.
a) blessing b) curse c) discovery d) burden
3. But it would have been frustrating and difficult.
a) depressing b) blocking c) disturbing d) pleasing
4. Assistive Technology has helped a talented mind overcome physical impairments.
a) cross b) succeed c) conquer d) surrender
5. World renowned physicist Stephen Hawking is the best example.
a) celebrated b) esteemed c) unexpected d) unknown
6. He controls his PlayStation with a bespoke switch system.
a) customised b) mass-produced c) custom d) perfect
7. It is essential that much of his spare time is spent in the performing arts!
a) leisure b) occupied/ engaged c) available d) free
8. Assistive Technology has helped a talented mind overcome physical impairments and contribute
productively to the world.
a) cultivate b) advance c) promote d) hinder
9. She’s amazing. I don’t know what we’d do without her we’d lose out on so many opportunities.
a) ordinary/ unremarkable b) extraordinary c) exceptional d) glorious
10. Unlike the developed world, India’s disabled are deprived by attitudinal barriers
a) advantaged b) depressed c) struggled d) underprivileged
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TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS
a) What is the future of technology?
In future, all the machines and gadgets will be automated, making life a lot easier. Soon people
can command smart TV’s and home appliances by their gestures instead of using a remote controller.
Refrigerators can self-replenish supplies, when they are about to be exhausted. In a few years, we will
be talking about driver-less cars and robots working in factories.
b) How many people in India suffer with disability? (SEP - 2021)
According to the 2011 census, 2.21 percent of India’s population are disabled.
c) Who is Kim? (PTA - 5)
Kim is the Assistive Technologist at Alisha’s school.
d) How does Kim help Alisha? (PTA - 6)
Kim helps Alisha by introducing Dragon Dictate, a software which helps to transfer her speech
into words on the screen.
e) Why is technology important according to David?
According to David, technology is important, as it enables him to communicate, and be independent.
It can help people like him to make friends, control their environment, study and find jobs.
f) Which instrument does David control with his eye movements?
David uses a Liberator Communication Device for verbal communication. He controls it with his
eye movements.
g) What devices help David to move from one place to other? (SEP - 2020)
Liberator Communication Device, ACTIV controller, AAC device and ECO2 with ECO point are
the devices that help David to move from one place to other.
A. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences.
1. What are the benefits of the internet to the common man? (PTA - 1)
The internet allows the users to get access to all sorts of information. A person can communicate
face to face with his friend anywhere in this world. One can send money to foreign country, reserve
tickets for their journey, pay bills and apply for overseas studies from any place through internet.
2. Do you think technology has improved communication? How?
Yes, technology has definitely improved communication. A person can communicate face to face
with his friend anywhere in this world. It has enabled people to stay connected with friends and
relatives who live far away.
3. How does David operate computers with the Liberator Communication Device?
The Liberator Communication Device has an in-built Bluetooth adaptor. David sends commands to
the computer through the Liberator. He controls it with his eye movements.
4. Which devices are controlled using ACTIV controller?
David controls his TV, Blu-ray and Music players using an ACTIV controller. This device is
attached to the headrest of his chair in his bedroom.
5. Who says these words “I want everyone to know the difference technology has made in my life”?
Alisha is a disabled girl who suffers from cerebral palsy. Amazed at the wonders of technology she
says, “I want everyone to know the difference, technology has made in my life”.
6. Which software helps Alisha to overcome her difficulty in typing?
Alisha has trouble with typing. So she uses an advanced technology called Dragon Dictate to
overcome this problem. The software types words on Alisha’s Screen, when she speaks.
7. Name a few Indian innovations which are helpful to the disabled and make their day to day life easier.
 *Lechal shoes have GPS and Bluetooth technology that facilitate the disabled to navigate streets.
Instructions are displayed in the map software on their smartphones.
 *Blee watch converts soundwaves into vibrations for the hearing impaired. Colour codes are
used to alert them to various emergency sounds.
 *IGEST tracks gestures of the speech-impaired people and speaks for them.
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8. Is it possible to control the computer screen with eye gaze?
Yes, the ECO point Eye gaze system can be effectively used to access computers.
9. Suggest ways of making our society inclusive.
Making our society inclusive is in the hands of every individual in our society. We should provide
them differently-abled friendly infrastructure in every place. We should facilitate opportunities to
them to bring out their skills.
10. How would you help the people with disabilities in your neighborhood?
I would introduce them to new technologies that are guaranteed to transform their lives. There are
so many high-tech technologies that people are still ignorant of. Awareness is the solution. Technology
helps the disabled to be independent, confident and competent.
PARAGRAPH QUESTIONS
B. Answer in a paragraph of about 100 - 150 words.

1. How do we use technology in our day-to-day lives? (SEP - 2020, PTA - 3)
Lesson : TECH BLOOMERS
Theme : Technology is a life changer.
We are living in an era of advanced technology. Over the years, technology has revolutionized our
world. Technology has created amazing tools and resources, putting useful information at our fingertips. It
allows the users to get access to all sorts of information. New methods of electronic communication, such
as social networking websites, emails, voicemails, and video conferences have eliminated boundaries of
time and distance. One can send money to a foreign country, reserve tickets for his/her journey, pay bills
and apply for overseas studies from any place through internet. Modern technology has made it possible
for the discovery of many functional and utility devices like the smartphone, tablet and the smartwatch.
Technology is also a boon to the people with special needs. It enables the disabled persons to communicate,
and be independent. It can help people like them to make friends, control their environment, study and
find jobs. Thus technology has made our lives easier, faster, better and more funny.
Moral: “It is not that we use technology, but we live technology”
2. “Technology is a boon to the disabled”. Justify. (SEP - 2021,HY - 19, MDL - 19, PTA - 2, 5)
Theme : Technology is a boon.
Technology has been registering an unbelievable growth in the recent decades. It has enabled the
disabled to perform their day-to-day activities just like a normal person. Alisha is a disabled girl who suffers
from cerebral palsy. She has trouble with typing. So she uses an advanced technology called Dragon
Dictate, a software which helps to transfer her speech into words on the screen. Alisha feels that technology
has made her more independent. David was born with Athetoid cerebral palsy. Modern technologies such
as the Liberator Communication Device, ACTIV Controller, AAC, and ECO2 have enabled him not only
to communicate freely but also to control his environment. According to David, technology is important,
since it enables him to communicate, and to be independent. Stephen Hawking lost his power of speech as
the result of nervous disease. But he became a renowned physicist and was successful only because of
assistive technology. Thus technology can help people like Alisha and David to make friends, control their
environment, study and find jobs. Really, Technology is a boon to the disabled.
Moral: “Technology is not just a tool. It can give learners a voice that
they may not have.”
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GENERAL PARAGRAPH
Theme : Technology is a life changer.
In “Tech Bloomers” We come to know how technology has revolutionized our world. New methods
of electronic communication, such as social networking websites, emails, voicemails, and video
conferences have eliminated boundaries of time and distance. One can send money to a foreign country,
reserve tickets for his/her journey, pay bills and apply for overseas studies from any place through internet.
Technology is a boon to the disabled. Alisha is a disabled girl who suffers from cerebral palsy. She uses
an advanced technology called Dragon Dictate, a software which helps to transfer her speech into words
on the screen. David was born with Athetoid cerebral palsy. Modern technologies such as the Liberator
Communication Device, ACTIV Controller, AAC, and ECO2 have enabled him not only to communicate
freely but also to control his environment. Stephen Hawking lost his power of speech as the result of
nervous disease at the age of 26. But he became a renowned physicist because of assistive technology.
Thus, technology has enabled the disabled to perform their day-to-day activities just like a normal person.
Really, technology has made our lives easier, faster, better and more funny.
Moral: “Technology disables the disability nowadays.”
 Technology helps us to get all sorts of information and to communicate easily.

 It enables the disabled to be just like a normal person.
 Alisha uses a technology that helps to transfer her speech into words on the screen.
 David uses advanced devices so that he can communicate freely and control his environment.
 Really, Technology is a boon to the disabled.
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Prose – 6: THE LAST LESSON
SYNONYMS
1. The birds were chirping at the edge of the woods.
a) high pitched sound b) low pitched sound c) crying d) highly screaming
2. Lessons were repeated in unison.
a) memorizing carefully b) shouting loudly
c) repeating correctly d) simultaneous utterance
3. The teacher was so cranky.
a) grumpy / irritable / strange b) old
c) patient d) crunchy
4. I had counted on the commotion to get to my desk without being seen.
a) happening b) confusion c) enjoyment d) amusement
5. You can imagine how I blushed.
a) was ashamed b) gloominess c) sadness d) happiness
6. Oh, the wretches; that was what they had put up at the town-hall!
a) rich people b) poor creatures c) domestic animals d) reckless birds
7. She reproached to her proposal.
a) accepted b) annoyed c) disapproved d) allowed
8. He taught with patience.
a) coward b) tolerance c) cruel d) strict
9. Dust choked the flow of the water.
a) cleared b) blocked c) opened d) disturbed
10. He gave a gesture of acceptance.
a) noise b) sound c) tone d) signal
ANTONYMS
1. They recited in unison.
a) accord b) concurrence c) consensus d) discord
2. Thorns choked the way
a) blocked b) expired c) exhaled d) unblocked
3. The boy was in great dread of a scolding.
a) breaking b) giving c) attending d) praising
4. M. Hamel walking up and down with his terrible iron ruler under his arm.
a) awkward b) dreadful c) attractive d) delightful
5. I see that our teacher had on his beautiful green coat and his frilled shirt.
a) decorated b) unadorned c) fresh d) fine
6. The whole school seemed so strange and solemn.
a) different b) frivolous c) calm d) discipline
7. M. Hamel mounted his chair.
a) seated b) occupied c) descended d) climbed
8. Your parents were anxious.
a) relaxed b) happy c) faultless d) ideal
9. They looked like little flags floating everywhere
a) sailing b) hovering c) sinking d) drifting
10. When people are enslaved, if they hold fast to their language it is as if they had the key to their prison.
a) imprisoned b) freed c) caged d) controlled
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TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS
.

a) What kind of news was usually put up on the bulletin board? (PTA - 6)
All the bad news such as the lost battles, the draft and the orders of the commanding officer
were usually put up on the bulletin board.
b) What was the usual scene when school began everyday?
When school began everyday, there was a great bustle. It could be heard out in the street. There
were the opening and closing of desks, lessons repeated in unison, and the teacher’s great ruler
rapping on the table. These were the usual scene.
c) Other than the students, who were present in the class?
The village people, old Hauser, the former mayor, the former post master, and several others
were present in the class.
d) Why did Mr. Hamel say it was the last French lesson?
The order has come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine.
Since the new master would come the next day, Mr. Hamel said that it was the last French lesson.
e) What was Franz asked to tell? Was he able to answer?
Franz was asked to recite the rules of participles. No, he was not able to answer.
f) Why did Mr. Hamel blame himself? (PTA - 4)
Mr.Hamel asked Franz to water his flowers. He gave Franz holiday when he wanted to go for
fishing. And so Franz could not study French properly. So Mr. Hamel blamed himself.
g) What did M. Hamel say about the French language? (SEP - 2021)
Mr. Hamel said that the French language was the most beautiful language in the world. According
to him, it was the clearest and the most logical language.
h) How many years had M. Hamel been in the village?
M. Hamel had been in the village for forty years.
A. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences:
1. Why did Franz dread to go to school that day?
Franz’s teacher M.Hamel told him that he was going to ask questions on participles. But Franz
did not know it. So he dreaded to go to school that day.
2. What were the various things that tempted Franz to spend his day outdoors? (MDL - 19)
Warm and bright outdoors, chirping of the birds at the edge of the woods, and the drilling of
the Prussian soldiers in the open field at the back of the saw mill were the various things that tempted
Franz to spend his day outdoors.
3. Why was the narrator not able to get to his desk without being seen?
Class had already begun. His classmates were in their places and M.Hamel was walking up and
down. So the narrator was not able to get to his desk without being seen.
4. What was Franz sorry for? (PTA - 2)
Franz was sorry for not learning his lessons.
5. Why were the old villagers sitting in the last desk?
The old villagers were sitting in the last desk to honour and thank M.Hamel’s forty years of
faithful service and to show their respect for the country.
6. What were the thoughts of the narrator’s parents?
The narrator’s parents preferred him to work on a farm or at the mill so as to have a little more money.
7. Why does M. Hamel say that we must guard our language?
When people are enslaved, as long as they hold their language, it is as if they had the key to their
prison. M. Hamel says that we must guard our language.
8. M. Hamel was gazing at many things. What were they?
M. Hamel was gazing at everything in that little school room.
9. When and how did M. Hamel bid farewell to the class? (PTA - 3)
When the Church clock struck 12, M.Hamel bid farewell to the class. He wrote “Vive La France”
on blackboard and told the students that the school was dismissed and let them go.
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PARAGRAPH QUESTIONS
B. Answer the following questions in about 100 - 150 words:
1. We appreciate the value of something only when we are about to lose it. Explain this with
reference to the French language and M.Hamel. (SEP - 2021, PTA - 2)
Lesson : THE LAST LESSON
Author : Alphonse Daudet
Theme : Importance of mother tongue - condition of France after the Franco-Prussian war.
Two districts of France, Alsace and Lorraine, were taken over by the Prussians during Franco-
Prussian War (1870-1871). The people were compelled to learn German instead of French. When they
knew that French would no longer be taught to them, they realized its importance. Suddenly they
developed an inclination towards learning French. The students, the village people, old Hauser, the
former mayor, the former post master, and several others were present in the class. They wanted to
attend the last French lesson. They eagerly brought their old primers to learn the language. The French
teacher M.Hamel said that the French language was the most beautiful, clearest and logical language in
the world. He advised them to guard their language. He explained the lesson with all patience. The
whole class keenly learned their last French lesson. Thus they appreciated the value of their language,
only when they were about to lose it. With this reference, we can understand that we appreciate the
value of something only, when we are about to lose it.
Moral: We never discover the value of things, till we have lost them.
2. Give an account of the last day of M.Hamel in school. (SEP - 2020, HY - 19, PTA - 1)
Lesson : The Last Lesson
Theme : M.Hamel’s class - Importance of mother tongue - condition of France after the
Franco - Prussian war.
The French teacher M.Hamel was dressed in his Sunday’s best. Instead of noisy classroom
everything was as quiet as Sunday morning. The village people, old Hauser, the former mayor, the
former post master, and several others were present in the class. They gathered there in order to honour
and thank M.Hamel for his forty years faithful service and to show their respect for the country.
M.Hamel did not scold his student Franz, though he was late to the class. Franz was sorry for not
learning his mother tongue properly. M.Hamel said that it was the last French lesson. M.Hamel said
that the French language was the most beautiful, clearest and logical language in the world. He also said
that they must guard their language. At last overwhelmed with emotions, he could not speak. He wrote
“Vive La France” on the black board. It means “Long Live France”. He told the students that the school
was dismissed and he let them go. Thus the last lesson brought the importance and need of the mother
tongue to the students and the village people through M.Hamel.
Moral: Never miss your identity, by missing your language.
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GENERAL PARAGRAPH
Lesson : THE LAST LESSON
Theme : Importance of mother tongue
In this lesson ‘The Last Lesson’ the author clearly depicts the condition of the French who were
compelled to learn German language. When they knew that French would no longer be taught to
them, they developed an inclination towards learning. The students, the village people, old Hauser,
the former mayor, the former post master and several others gathered there to honour and thank
M.Hamel for his forty years faithful service. M.Hamel did not scold his student Franz, though he
came late. Franz was sorry for not having learnt his mother tongue properly. M.Hamel said that
French language was the most beautiful, clearest and logical language in the world. He advised
them to guard their language. He explained the lesson with all patience. At last overwhelmed with
emotions, he could not speak. He wrote “Vive La France” on the black board which means “Long
Live France”. He told them that the school was dismissed and he let them go. They appreciated the
value of their language, only when they were about to lose it. Thus, the Last Lesson brought out the
importance of mother tongue through M.Hamel.
Moral: Never underestimate your mother tongue
 During Franco-Prussian war, the people of France were denied to learn French.
 Little Franz, a student saw the villagers attending the class.
 They paid tribute to the teacher M.Hamel’s 40 years service.
 M.Hamel praised the French language and taught it.
 He finished his last lesson & wrote ‘Vive La France’.
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1 Poem – 1. Life
A. Read the following lines from the poem and answer the questions that follows.
1. Let me but live my life from year to year, 2. In the dim past, nor holding back in fear
With forward face and unreluctant soul; From what the future veils; but with a whole
Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal; And happy heart, that pays its toll
Not mourning for the things that disappear To Youth and Age, and travels on with cheer.
Poem comprehension (2 marks) Poem comprehension (2 marks)
a) Who/ Whom does the word ‘me’ refer to? a) What does the poet mean by the phrase ‘in the
(TB - 1.a) (HY - 19, PTA - 2,4,5) dim past’? (TB - 3.a) (PTA - 6)
The word ‘me’ refers to the poet. ‘In the dim past’ refers to unhappy or unpleasant
b) What kind of life does the poet want to lead? past experiences.
b) Is the poet afraid of future? (TB - 3.b)(PTA - 6)
(TB - 1.b) (HY - 19, PTA - 2, 4) How does he
No, the poet is not afraid of future.
want to live his life? (PTA - 5)
c) How can one travel on with cheer? (TB - 3.c)
The poet wants to lead a joyful life with forward
One can travel on with cheer by thinking of
face and unreluctant soul. his/her memories of youth and old age.
c) Why do you think the poet is not in a hurry? (TB - 2.a) d) Who pays the toll to whom?
In the third line the poet says, “Not hurrying to ….” The poet’s happy heart pays its toll to his youth
It means that he is moving towards his goal without and old age.
a hurry. So I think he is not in a hurry. (SEP - 2021) e) What doesn’t the poet want to do in fear?
d) What should one not mourn for? (TB - 2.b) The poet does not want to hold back his journey
One should not mourn for the things that he or of life in fear.
she had lost in the past. (SEP - 2021) f) Whose Youth and Age is referred to here?
e) What does the phrase ‘unreluctant soul’ mean here? The poet’s youth and age is referred to here.
Here, the phrase ‘unreluctant soul’ means the
Literary appreciation (5 marks) (PTA - 4)
person who is willing to do something. a) Identify the rhyming words of the given lines. (TB - 6.a)
Literary appreciation (5 marks) Rhyming words: fear - cheer; whole - toll
a) Identify the rhyming words of the given lines. b) Identify the rhyme scheme of the given lines.
Rhyming words: year- disappear; soul - goal Rhyme scheme: a b b a
b) Identify the rhyme scheme of the given lines. (TB - 7.a) c) Pick out the alliterating words.
Rhyme scheme: a b b a Alliterated words: happy - heart
d) Identify the figure of speech employed in the
c) Identify the figure of speech employed in the
above lines.
above line.
Figure of speech:
Figure of speech: Anaphora - Not…Not …
 Metaphor - In the dim past
d) Pick out the alliterating words.
 Personification - future veils
Alliterated words: let - live - life ; forward - face
 Personification - heart.. pays its toll
Paraphrase (5 marks)  Contrast - Youth and Age
This stanza is taken from the poem ‘LIFE’ written
Paraphrase (5 marks) (SEP - 2021)
by ‘Henry Van Dyke’. This poem is a sonnet. The This stanza is taken from the poem ‘LIFE’ written
poem ‘Life’ is the poet's own reflection on his life. by ‘Henry Van Dyke’. This poem is a sonnet. This
The poet wants to live his life from year to year poem ‘Life’ is the poet's own reflection on his life.
with a forward face and unreluctant soul. He The poet says that he does not hold back for the
wants neither to hurry to his goal nor to move fear of future. He wants to live his life with a
away from his goal. The poet does not want to whole and happy heart which cheerfully travels
mourn the things that he had lost in the past. with him from youth to old age. Thus, the poet
Thus, the poet gives a picture of an ideal life. Life is gives a picture of an ideal life. Life is a journey and
a journey and we must always go forward and never we must always go forward and never look back. We
look back. We should be confident and optimistic. should be confident and optimistic.
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2 Poem – 1. Life
3. So let the way wind up the hill or down, 4. Still seeking what I sought when but a boy,
O'er rough or smooth, the journey will be joy: New friendship, high adventure, and a crown,
Still seeking what I sought when but a boy, My heart will keep the courage of the quest,
New friendship, high adventure, and a crown, And hope the road’s last turn will be the best.
a) How is the way of life? (TB - 4.a) a) What kind of quest does the poet seek here?
The way of life is full of twists and turns, ups and
(SEP-2020) (TB - 5.b)
downs. It is sometimes rough and sometimes
The poet seeks for the courageous quest.
smooth.
b) What is the poet’s hope? (TB - 5.b) (SEP-2020)
b) How should be the journey of life? (TB - 4.b)
The journey of life should be joyful. The poet hopes that last turn in his life's journey
c) What did the poet seek as a boy? (TB - 4.c) will be the best.
As a boy, the poet sought new friendship, high c) Does the poet achieve his childhood wish?
adventure and a crown of success. No, the poet is still trying to achieve his childhood wish.
d) Is the poet a boy? d) What does ‘crown’ refer to?
No, the poet is a grown-up man. Here he ‘Crown’ refers to the fame.
mentioned his childhood. e) What does ‘quest’ mean?
Literary appreciation (5 marks) (PTA - 5) ‘quest’ means search of something.
a) Identify the rhyme scheme of the given lines. Literary appreciation (5 marks)
Rhyme scheme: a b b a
b) Identify the rhyming words of the given lines. a) Identify the rhyme scheme of the given lines.
Rhyming words: down - crown; joy - boy Rhyme scheme: a b c c
b) Identify the rhyming words of the given lines.
Rhyming words: quest - best
above lines.
Figure of speech:
above lines.
 Contrast - up the hill or down Figure of speech:
 Contrast - rough or smooth  Metaphor - crown
 Metaphor - crown  Metaphor - road's last turn (life’s last turn)
d) Pick out the alliterating words. d) Pick out the alliterating words.
Alliterated words: still - seeking Alliterated words: but-boy
Paraphrase (5 marks) Paraphrase (5 marks) (PTA - 6)
This stanza is taken from the poem ‘LIFE’ written This stanza is taken from the poem ‘LIFE’ written
by ‘Henry Van Dyke’. This poem is a sonnet. This by ‘Henry Van Dyke’. This poem is a sonnet. This
poem ‘Life’ is the poet's own reflection on his life. poem ‘Life’ is the poet's own reflection on his life.
It does not matter to the poet whether the path As a boy and later as a grown-up man, the poet
goes up or down the hill or the road may be always seeks new friendship, high adventure and
rough or smooth, But the journey of life will be the crown of success. He says that his heart will
joyful. As a boy and later as a grown-up man remain courageous to reach his desire and he
the poet seeks new friendship, high adventure
hopes that the road’s last turn will be the best.
and the crown of success. Thus, the poet gives a
Thus, the poet gives a picture of an ideal life. Life is
picture of an ideal life. Life is a journey and we
must always go forward and never look back. We a journey and we must always go forward and never
should be confident and optimistic. look back. We should be confident and optimistic.
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3 Poem – 1. Life
PARAGRAPH QUESTION
B. Answer the following question in about 80 - 100 words.

1. Describe the journey of life as depicted in the poem by Henry Van Dyke.
Poem : LIFE
Poet : Henry Van Dyke
Theme : Live the life joyfully
The poem ‘LIFE’ written by ‘Henry Van Dyke’ is a sonnet. He was an American author, poet,
educator and clergyman. The poem ‘Life’ is the poet’s reflection on his own life. He tells his point
of view on the more important things in life. He wants to lead a joyful life with a forward face and
an unreluctant soul. He neither wants to hurry to his goal nor move away from his goal. He does not
want to mourn for the things that he had lost in the past. He does not hold back for the fear of future.
He wants to live his life with a whole and happy heart, which cheerfully travels with him from youth
to old age. Therefore, it does not matter to him whether the path goes up or down the hill or rough
or smooth. He will continue to seek what he wanted as a boy - new friendship, high adventure and a
crown (fame). His heart will remain courageous and he will pursue his desires. He hopes that every
turn in his life's journey will be the best. He is optimistic.
Moral: Life is a game, play it.
Life is a challenge, face it.
 The poet wants to lead a joyful life.

 He neither wants to hurry nor to move away from his goal.
 He is not worried about the past and not afraid of the future.
 He seeks new friendship, high adventure, fame and the courage of quest.
 He hopes that every turn in his life's journey will be the best.
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4 Poem – 3. I Am Every Woman
A. Read the following lines from the poem and answer the questions given below
1. A woman is beauty innate, 2. The summer of life she's ready to see in spring.
A symbol of power and strength. She says, "Spring will come again, my dear
She puts her life at stake, Let me care for the ones who're near.”
She’s real, she’s not fake! She’s The woman - she has no fear!

a) How is a woman? (SEP - 2021) a) What does the word summer mean here?
A woman is beauty innate. Here summer means hard times in a women’s
b) What does she symbolize? (SEP - 2021) life. (TB - 1.a) (PTA - 4)
She symbolizes Power and Strength. b) How does she take life? (TB - 1.b)
c) What is meant by ‘innate’? She takes her life optimistically.
‘innate’ means inborn and natural. c) What does she mean by “spring will come
d) Who is the symbol of power and strength? again”? (TB - 1.c) Explain the phrase “Spring
The woman of today is the symbol of power and will come again”. (PTA - 4)
strength. It means good times of life will come again.
e) What does the word ‘stake’ mean?
d) What does she want to do?
‘Stake’ means risk.
She wants to take care of the loved ones who are
f) What is the meaning of ‘fake’?
near to her.
‘Fake’ means duplicate or unreal.
e) Write the line that expresses hope of good times.
Literary appreciation (5 marks) The line that expresses hope of good times is
a) Add another word that rhymes with ‘strength’. “Spring will come again”.
Strength - length (TB - B.1.b) f) Who has no fear?
b) Identify the rhyming words of the given lines. The woman of today has no fear.
Rhyming words: stake - fake (TB - B.1.a) Literary appreciation (5 marks)
c) Identify the rhyme scheme of the given lines. a) Identify the rhyming words of the given lines.
Rhyme scheme: a b c c (TB - B.1.c) Rhyming words: dear - near - fear
d) Identify the figure of speech employed in the b) Identify the rhyme scheme of the given lines.
above line. Rhyme scheme: a b b b
Figure of speech: c) Pick out the alliterating words.
Alliterated words: summer - see - spring
Metaphor - symbol of power and strength
says - spring
e) Pick out the alliterating words.
d) Identify the figure of speech employed here.
Alliterated words: symbol - strength Figure of speech:
Paraphrase (5 marks) Metaphor - summer (Hard times of life) …
This stanza is taken from the poem ‘I AM spring (Good times of life)
EVERY WOMAN’ written by ‘Rakhi Nariani Paraphrase (5 marks)
Shirke’. This poem talks about the This stanza is taken from the poem ‘I AM EVERY
multifaceted nature of women. The poet says WOMAN’ written by ‘Rakhi Nariani Shirke’. This
that a woman has inborn beauty and she is a poem talks about the multifaceted nature of
symbol of power and strength. She is ready women. The modern woman is optimistic. She
to face any challenge, risking even her life. hopes for the best. She is ready to face the
Every woman is true in expressing her love sufferings (summer) of life even in happy
times(spring). She cares for those who are near
and she is never fake. Thus, the poet praises
her. She is a fearless, modern woman. Thus, the
and glorifies the modern woman. The poem is
poet praises and glorifies the modern woman. The
relevant to our times, when women are treated poem is relevant to our times, when women are
as inferior to men. treated as inferior to men.
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3. Strong is she in her faith and belief. 4. She’s a lioness; don’t mess with her.
“Persistence is the key to everything,” She’ll not spare you if you’re a prankster.
Says she. Despite the sighs and groans and moans, Don't ever try to saw her pride, her self-respect.
She’s strong in her faith, firm in her beliefs. She knows how to thaw you, saw you - so beware!
a) What is she strong about? (TB - 2.a) (PTA - 2) a) What do the words thaw and saw mean here?
She is strong about her faith and belief.(SEP-2021) ‘Thaw’ means tackle; ‘saw’ means deal with
cruelty. (TB - 4.a)
b) How does she deal with the adversities in life?
b) What is the tone of the author? (TB - 4.b)
(TB - 2.b) (SEP - 2021) (PTA - 2)
The tone of the author is angry.
She deals with the adversities with persistence. c) How is a woman described here? (MDL - 19)
c) Is she complaining about the problems of life? (or) Who is a lioness?
No, she is not complaining about the problems of The woman is described as a lioness.
life. (TB - 3.a) (PTA - 6) d) Who is a prankster? (MDL - 19)
d) Pick out the words that show her grit. A prankster is a mischievous person.
Persistence, strong and firm are the words that e) Why is the woman compared to a lioness?
show her grit. (TB - 3.b) (PTA - 6) Like a lioness, the woman is bold and strong.
e) Who is strong in her faith and belief? f) Who does the poet warn?
The woman of today is strong in her faith and belief. The poet warns the pranksters. (the mischievous people)
f) What is meant by the word ‘persistence’ here? g) Who does ‘you’ refer to?
‘Persistence’ means continuous efforts. ‘You’ refers to the readers.
h) What will the women of today do, if anyone
g) Pick out the words that refer to sufferings of life.
hurt her pride and self-respect?
Sighs, groans and moans refer to sufferings of life.
She will tackle and deal with those who hurt her
Literary appreciation (5 marks) pride and self-respect.
a) Identify a new rhyming word for ‘belief’. Literary appreciation (5 marks)
belief - relief a) Identify the rhyming words of the given lines.
b) Identify the rhyme word for ‘moans’ from Rhyming words: her – prankster (SEP - 2020)
anywhere in the given stanza. b) Identify the rhyme scheme of the given lines.
Rhyme scheme: a a b c (SEP - 2020)
moans - groans
c) Pick out the line that has a metaphor in it. (TB - B.2.a)
c) Identify the figure of speech employed in the She’s a lioness; don’t mess with her - Metaphor
above line. d) Give your examples of metaphor to describe
Figure of speech: Metaphor - Persistence is the key the qualities of a woman. (TB - B.2.b)
d) Pick out the alliterating words. (TB - B.3.a) She’s an angel; She’s an parrot - Metaphor
Alliterated words: says - sighs; e) Pick out the alliterating words. (SEP - 2020)
she's - strong; faith - firm Alliterated words: saw - self-respect
f) Identify the figure of speech employed here in
Paraphrase (5 marks) this stanza. She’s a lioness - Metaphor (SEP- 2020)
This stanza is taken from the poem ‘I AM EVERY Paraphrase (5 marks)
WOMAN’ written by ‘Rakhi Nariani Shirke’. This This stanza is taken from the poem ‘I AM EVERY
poem talks about the multifaceted nature of women. WOMAN’ written by ‘Rakhi Nariani Shirke’. This
The poet says that the modern woman is strong poem talks about the multifaceted nature of
in her faith and beliefs. Her faith is “Continuous women. The poet says that the modern woman
hard work is the key to success”. In spite of is as bold as a lioness. Don’t try to play any
sorrow and disappointment, she is strong in faith mischief with her. If you try to harm her, she
and belief. Thus, the poet praises and glorifies the will “thaw you and saw you”. So, be careful.
Thus, the poet praises and glorifies the modern
modern woman. The poem is relevant to our times,
woman. The poem is relevant to our times, when
when women are treated as inferior to men. women are treated as inferior to men.
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5. Don't ever try to saw her pride, her self-respect. Literary appreciation (5 marks)
She knows how to thaw you, saw you - so beware!
She's today's woman. Today's woman, dear. a) Identify the rhyme scheme of the given lines.
Love her, respect her, keep her near... Rhyme scheme: a b c c
Poem comprehension (2 marks) b) Identify the rhyming words of the given lines.
a) Is the poet talking about the women of the
Rhyming words: dear - near
previous generation? (TB - 5.a)
No, the poet is talking about the Today’s woman. c) Identify the figure of speech employed in the
b) How should a woman be treated? (TB - 5.b) above line.
Woman should be treated with love and respect.
c) What is the message of the poet to the readers? Figure of speech: Repetition - today's woman
The poet tells us, today’s women have pride d) Pick out the alliterating words.
and self-respect. So we should love, respect
Alliterated words: saw - self-respect
and keep her near.
Paraphrase (5 marks)
This stanza is taken from the poem ‘I AM EVERY WOMAN’ written by ‘Rakhi Nariani Shirke’. This
poem talks about the multifaceted nature of women. The poet says that if you try to harm the woman,
she will “thaw you and saw you”. So, be careful. This is the character of a modern woman. We
have to love and respect her and keep her near us. Thus, the poet praises and glorifies the modern
woman. The poem is relevant to our times, when women are treated as inferior to men.
PARAGRAPH QUESTION
D. Answer the following in a paragraph of about 80 to 100 words.
1. How are today's women portrayed by the poet? (SEP - 2020, PTA - 4) (OR) What qualities
have made women powerful according to “Rakhi Nariani Shirke? (SEP - 2021) (PTA - 6)
Poem : I AM EVERY WOMAN
Poet : Rakhi Nariani Shirke
Theme : Strength of today’s woman
In the poem “I am every woman”, the poet portrays today’s woman as powerful. Today’s woman
is brave, strong and empowered. She is beauty innate. She is the symbol of power and strength. She is
ready to face any challenge, risking even her life. Every woman is true in expressing her love. She is
never fake. She is ready to face the sufferings (summer) of life even in happy times (spring). She is
very optimistic in her approach. She cares for her near ones. She gives more importance to her family
than to herself. She is strong in her faith and firm in her beliefs. She says persistence is the key to
success. She has pride and self-respect. She tackles and deals with the mischievous people who interfere
in her life. She is never a quitter. She is ferocious like a lioness. Today’s woman overcomes everything
which could destroy her. The poet requests the reader to love and respect today’s woman.
Moral: Women are the real architects of the society
 Today’s woman is the symbol of power and strength.

 She is optimistic and she expects good things in life.
 She is ferocious like a lioness.
 She has pride and self respect.
 So we have to love, respect and look after her.
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7 Poem – 5. The Secret Of The Machines
A. Read the following lines from the poem and answer the questions given below.
1. We were taken from the ore-bed and the mine, 2. Some water, coal, and oil is all we ask,
We were melted in the furnace and the pit And a thousandth of an inch to give us play:
We were cast and wrought and hammered to design, And now, if you will set us to our task,
We were cut and filed and tooled and gauged to fit. We will serve you four and twenty hours a day!
a) Whom does ‘we’ refer to? (SEP-2020, PTA - 3) a) Who does ‘we’ refer to? (PTA - 1)
‘We’ refers to the machines. ‘We’ refers to the machines.
b) How are they made to fit? (PTA - 3) / How do b) What do they ask for? (PTA - 1)
the machines become fit? They ask for water, coal, and oil and a very little
The machines are made to fit by cutting, filing, place to run.
assembling and gauging. c) Who will serve us for a whole day? (PTA - 4)
c) What are obtained from the ore-bed and the Machines will serve us for a whole day.
mine? d) Can the machine do any task without human
Ores of metals to make machines are obtained being? (PTA - 4)
from the ore-bed and the mine. No, the machine can do the tasks only with the
d) Where are the metals melted? (SEP-2020) help of human beings.
The metals are melted in the blast furnaces. e) Who will set the task?
e) Who is the speaker here? Human beings will set the task.
The machine is the speaker here. f) How many hours is “four and twenty hours”?
f) How are the machines designed? Four and twenty hours make twenty-four hours.
The machines are designed by casting and hammering. g) What does the line “And a thousandth of an
g) What does ‘filed’ mean? inch to give us play:” mean?
‘Filed’ means rubbed down. The given line means “The machines tell, even
a very little place is sufficient for them to run.”
Literary appreciation (5 marks)
a) Identify the rhyming words of the given lines. Literary appreciation (5 marks)
Rhyming words: mine - design; pit - fit a) Identify the rhyming words of the given lines.
b) Identify the rhyme scheme of the given lines. Rhyming words: ask - task; play - day
Rhyme scheme: a b a b b) Identify the rhyme scheme of the given lines.
c) Identify the figure of speech employed in the Rhyme scheme: a b a b
above line. c) Identify the figure of speech employed here.
Figure of speech: Anaphora - We were… We were.. Figure of speech:
d) Pick out the alliterating words.  Hyperbole - a thousandth of an inch
Alliterated words: we - were; - …serve you four and twenty hours a day
filed - fit  Assonance - all we ask.
Paraphrase (5 marks)
Alliterated words: we, will
This stanza is taken from the poem ‘THE
SECRET OF THE MACHINES’ written by Paraphrase (5 marks)
‘Rudyard Kipling’. In this poem the machines This stanza is taken from the poem ‘THE SECRET
speak about their origin and functions. The OF THE MACHINES’ written by ‘Rudyard
machines say, “In the beginning we were dug Kipling’. In this poem, the machines speak about
out of mines and ore-beds. Then we were their origin and functions. The machines say, “We
melted in the furnace and the pit. Afterwards need only water, coal and oil. We need very little
we were cast, wrought, hammered, cut and place to work. With all these, if people set us to
filed to shape and tooled and gauged to fit.” work, we will work all the 24 hours.” These lines
These lines describe the creation of machines. describe the ability of the machines.
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3. We can pull and haul and push and lift and drive, 4. But remember, please, the Law by which we live,
We can print and plough and weave and heat and light, We are not built to comprehend a lie,
We can neither love nor pity nor forgive,
We can run and race and swim and fly and dive, If you make a slip in handling us you die!
We can see and hear and count and read and write! Poem comprehension (2 marks)
a) What does the machine ask us to remember?/
Poem comprehension (2 marks) What does the poet expect us to remember?
a) What works can the machines do? The machine asks us to remember that they are
The machines can pull, haul, push, lift, drive, operated by the law of obedience without thinking
print, plough, weave, heat, light, run, race, and feeling. (SEP - 2021)
b) How are the machine built? (SEP - 2021)
swim, fly, dive, see, hear, count, read and write.
The machines are built not to comprehend a lie.
b) Can a machine read? Name such a machine. c) Do machines purposefully harm us?
Yes, machines can read. Ex: Robots, computers. No, machines have no feelings like we have. So
c) Whom does ‘we’ refer to? they never purposefully harm us.
d) What was the warning of the machines?
We refers to the machines.
If the machines are handled in a careless manner,
d) What is the meaning of the word ‘haul? the results can be fatal. This was the warning of
‘Haul’ means pull or drag with effort or force. the machines.
e) Why cannot machines comprehend a lie?
Literary appreciation (5 marks) Machines are not rational. So they cannot
(PTA - 2) (SEP - 2021) comprehend a lie.
f) What are the things that a machine cannot do?
a) Identify the rhyming words of the given lines.
A machine can neither comprehend a lie nor love
Rhyming words: drive - dive; light - write or pity or forgive anyone.
b) Identify the rhyme scheme of the given lines. g) What is the meaning of the word ‘comprehend’?
Rhyme scheme: a b a b The word ‘comprehend’ means grasp/understand.
c) Identify the figure of speech employed in the Literary appreciation (5 marks)
above lines. a) Identify the rhyming words of the given lines.
Figure of speech: Rhyming words: live - forgive; lie - die
b) Identify the rhyme scheme of the given lines.
 Personification - We can pull and haul…(SEP-2021) Rhyme scheme: a b a b
 Personification - We can print and plough…. c) Identify the figure of speech employed in the
 Personification - We can run and race…… above line.
 Personification - We can see and hear…… Figure of speech:
 Personification - not built to comprehend a lie
 Imagery - We can see, hear, count, read and write!  Personification - neither love nor pity nor forgive,
d) Pick out the alliterating words. d) Pick out the alliterating words.
Alliterated words: Alliterated words: law - live; which - we;
pull - push ; print - plough ; run - race; can - count neither - nor
Paraphrase (5 marks) (PTA - 5)
Paraphrase (5 marks) (MDL - 19) This stanza is taken from the poem ‘THE
This stanza is taken from the poem ‘THE SECRET SECRET OF THE MACHINES’ written by
OF THE MACHINES’ written by ‘Rudyard ‘Rudyard Kipling’. In this poem, the machines
speak about their origin and functions. The
Kipling’. In this poem, the machines speak about machines say, that they are operated by the
their origin and functions. The machines say that law of obedience without thinking and feeling.
they can pull, haul, push, lift, drive, print, They can neither comprehend a lie nor love or
pity or forgive anyone. They have no human
plough, weave, heat, light, run, race, swim, fly,
feelings, if anyone commits a mistake in
dive, see, hear, count, read and write.” In these handling them, he/she will die. These lines
lines machines tell what they can do. insist us to handle the machines carefully.
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5. Though our smoke may hide the Heavens from your eyes, Literary appreciation (5 marks)
It will vanish and the stars will shine again, a) Identify the rhyming words of the given lines.
Because, for all our power and weight and size, Rhyming words: eyes - size; again - brain
We are nothing more than children of your brain! b) Identify the rhyme scheme of the given lines.
Poem comprehension (2 marks) Rhyme scheme: a b a b
a) Who is the speaker of these lines? c) Identify the figure of speech employed in the above line.
The machines are the speakers of these lines. Figure of speech:
 Connotation - smoke may hide the Heavens
b) Whom does ‘children’ refer to?
 Personification - Hyperbole - …children of your brain!
The word ‘children’ refers to the machines.
c) Why do the machines call themselves children Alliterated words: hide - Heavens; stars - shine
of the human brain? Paraphrase (5 marks)
Because they are the products of the creative This stanza is taken from the poem ‘THE SECRET
ideas of human brain. OF THE MACHINES’ written by ‘Rudyard
d) What was hidden from our eyes? By which? Kipling’. In this poem, the machines speak about
Heaven was hidden from our eyes by the their origin and functions. The machines say, “The
smoke of machines. smoke produced by us may hide the sky from
e) What will shine again? When? people’s eyes, but the smoke will vanish soon and
The stars will shine again when the smoke vanishes. people can see the stars again. Though we have a
f) Are machines important in our lives? Why? lot of power and strength and size, we are only
Yes. Machines are important, as they have the children of your brain. These lines tell us the
made our lives easier, submission of machines to the human beings.
ADDITIONAL PARAGRAPH QUESTION

1. What feelings are evoked in us by the machines in the poem ‘The secret of machines’? (SEP - 2021)
(PTA - 1) (OR) How do machines confess they are inferior to human brain? (PTA - 6)
Poem : THE SECRET OF THE MACHINES
Poet : Rudyard Kipling
Theme : Machines cannot replace humans
In this poem, machines speak about themselves to human beings. They tell us, how they are
created from the metals. The ores of metals are taken from the ore-bed and mines. They are further
melted in the furnace and hammered to design as machines. The machines need water, coal, oil and a
very little place to run. With all these, if people set them to work, they will work all the 24 hours. Like
human beings, they can do all sorts of work. They ask us to remember that they are operated by the
law of obedience without thinking and feeling. They reveal a harsh truth that they neither love nor
forgive and cannot comprehend a lie. They have no feelings like us. If they are handled in a careless
manner, the results can be fatal. Finally, they humbly state that they are only the children of the human
brain. They cannot replace humans. Hence, I feel machines are good servants, but bad masters.
Moral: You can’t make a machine in the likeliness of a human mind.
 Machines tell us how they are created and their need of water, coal, and oil to run.
 They are ready to serve us the whole day.
 As they are operated by Machine laws, they have no feelings.
 If we handle them carelessly, we may be killed.
 They humbly state that they are merely the children of the human brain.
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1
SUPPLEMENTARY SECTION
PARAGRAPH QUESTIONS
Unit 1: The Tempest

D. Answer the questions in a paragraph of about 100 - 150 words.
1. Write a detailed character sketch of Prospero.
Prospero was the famous Duke of Milan. He was fond of reading magic books. Prospero was
exiled by his brother Antonio. Prospero and his daughter landed on an island. Prospero possessed
some magic power. He had released many good spirits imprisoned by a witch called Sycorax. He
brought up his daughter as a kind-hearted lady who didn’t know about his magic power. He raised
a violent storm in the sea to wreck his enemies’ ship. He did not want to revenge them, but to
make them realise their mistakes. To get back his Dukedom, he wanted Miranda to get married to
Ferdinand. He felt that it was his duty as a father. He forgave all of his enemies. At last, he released
his faithful spirit Ariel. Thus, Prospero was portrayed as a noble man by Shakespeare.
Moral: Forgiveness is the virtue of the brave.
2. Narrate how Prospero made his enemies repent to restore his dukedom.
Prospero was exiled by his brother Antonio. After twelve years, Prospero came to know that
his brother Antonio, Alonso-the king of Naples, his son Ferdinand and the old Lord Gonzalo were
travelling by ship. He raised a violent storm in the sea to wreck his enemies’ ship. Ariel was
ordered to scatter the people on the ship and put them in a confused state. Ariel made Antonio and
the King of Naples suffer a lot. They felt sorry for what they had done to Prospero. Antonio with
tears of sorrow and true repentance, begged his brother’s forgiveness. Prospero forgave them all.
Thus, Prospero made his enemies repent and he got back his dukedom.
Moral: We win by tenderness, We conquer by forgiveness
Unit 2: Zigzag
E. Answer the following questions in about 100 - 150 words:
1. Write a passage in your own words about the various commotions caused by Zigzag
at Dr. Krishnan’s residence.
Visu, the old cook of Dr.somu brought the pet bird Zigzag to Dr. Krishnan’s house. Arvind
brought some fruits and nuts for Zigzag. It picked them up and deposited them on the chandeliers and
the blades of the fan. The moment it slept, it started snoring loudly. The snoring of the Zigzag
disturbed Krishnan’s family members and their neighbours. When their maid servant, Lakshmi
switched on the fan, it was raining papayas and bananas in that room. One slice of over-ripe papaya
splattered orange pulp on Mrs. Krishnan’s painting. She got angry with Zigzag. Thus it created a great
commotion in Krishnan’s house.
Moral: He never causes the commotion, He himself is a commotion.

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2. What happened when Zigzag was taken to the clinic?
Dr. Krishnan’s family refused to keep Zigzag in their house due to its loud snoring. So Dr.
Krishnan decided to take it to his clinic. Krishnan warned Zigzag not to sleep in the clinic, but Zigzag
began to control the patients in a commanding way. It asked everybody to be silent. Dr. Krishnan was
surprised to see the sudden change of the bird. Zigzag’s bored behaviour was totally changed. Zigzag
kindly comforted the crying children and scolded the naughty kids. Zigzag’s recitation of French
poetry created laughter among the children. The clinic was so calm with its command.
Moral: When you own a bird, happiness is all around.

3. Narrate the story of Zigzag in your own words.
Dr. Somu requested his cousin Dr.Krishnan to take care of his pet bird, Zigzag, as he was leaving for
Alaska. Mrs. Krishnan was not happy with the arrival of the new pet. Dr.Somu sent Zigzag through Visu,
his old cook. Zigzag was cool and unmoved with an expression of grumpiness. Arvind brought some fruits
and nuts for it. Zigzag picked them up and deposited them on the chandeliers and the blades of the fan. The
snoring sound of the Zigzag disturbed Krishnan’s family members and their neighbours. When their maid
servant, Lakshmi switched on the fan, it was raining papayas and bananas. One slice of over-ripe papaya
splattered orange pulp on Mrs. Krishnan’s painting. She got angry. So Dr.Krishnan took it to his clinic.
Zigzag talked to all the patients in the clinic. It brought a radical change in the noisy clinic. There was an
absolute silence. Mrs.Krishnan’s ruined painting was sold for Rs,5000. All these co-incidents changed the
minds of Dr.Krishanan’s family. They wanted to keep Zig Zag with them.
Moral: Nothing is going to get better, until you see things in a right way.
GENERAL PARAGRAPH
Unit 1: The Tempest
Title : The Tempest

Author : William Shakespeare
Theme : Forgiveness is the best revenge
Characters : Prospero, Miranda, Ariel, Antonio, Sycorax, Ferdinand, Gonzalo
Prospero was the famous Duke of Milan. He was fond of reading magic books. He was exiled by his
brother Antonio. Prospero and his daughter Miranda landed on an island. Prospero had some magical powers,
which his daughter did not know. She was a kindhearted woman. After twelve years, Prospero wanted to
repent his brother Antonio and Alonso-the king of Naples for their wrong deeds. By using his magical power,
Prospero raised a violent storm in the sea to wreck his enemies’ ship. Ariel, the spirit was ordered to scatter
the people on the ship. He did not want to revenge them, but to make them realise their mistakes. Finally,
Antonio with tears of sorrow and true repentance begged his brother’s forgiveness. Prospero forgave them all.
As a dutiful father, Prospero arranged the marriage of Miranda and Ferdinand as they loved each other. At
last, he released his faithful spirit, Ariel. It is clear that Prospero is a noble person.
Moral : We conquer all by forgiveness

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Unit 2: Zigzag
Title : Zigzag
Author : Asha Nehemiah
Theme : A pet bird’s atrocities
Characters : Dr.Krishnan’s family and the pet bird
Dr. Somu requested his cousin Dr.Krishnan to take care of his pet bird Zigzag as he left for Alaska.
Zigzag was the most lovable, unusual and harmless bird. Mrs.Krishnan was not happy with the arrival of
the new pet bird. She was very busy in drawing paintings for the art exhibition. When Zigzag was offered
some fruits and nuts, it picked them up and deposited on the chandeliers and the blades of the fan. The
snoring sound of Zigzag, when it slept disturbed Dr.Krishnan’s family and their neighbour’s also. When
Lakshmi, the servant maid, switched on the fan, it was raining papayas and bananas in that room. One
slice of over-ripe papaya splattered orange pulp on Mrs. Krishnan’s painting. She got angry. So
Dr.Krishnan took it to his clinic. Zigzag talked to all the patients in the clinic. It brought a radical change
in the noisy clinic. Dr. Krishnan was surprised to see the sudden change of the bird. Though
Mrs.Krishnan’s painting was ruined by Zigzag, it was considered as a new technique and was sold for
Rs.5000. All these co-incidents changed the minds of Dr.Krishnan’s family. They wanted to keep Zigzag
with them.
Moral: We change other people’s behaviour by changing our own.

Unit 1: The Tempest
 Prospero and his daughter were exiled by his brother Antonio and the king Alonso.
 His slave Ariel, the spirit informed him that Prospero’s enemies were travelling in the ship.
 Using his magical power, Prospero raised a storm and made a shipwreck.
 Ariel brought Ferdinand, son of Alonso to meet and then to marry Miranda.
 As Antonio and Alonso repented their injustice, Prospero forgave them.
Unit 2: Zigzag
 Dr.Krishnan had to take care of Dr. Somu’s pet bird Zigzag.

 It started to sleep and snored loudly that annoyed everyone.
 It spoiled Mrs.Krishnan’s painting.
 So Dr.Krishnan took it to his clinic.
 As it behaved well, the family decided to keep it with them.
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REARRANGE THE SENTENCES (5 Mark Question)
Unit 1: The Tempest
E. Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order.
 He ordered Ariel to torment the inmates of the ship.
 Miranda was attracted by Ferdinand and had more concern towards him.
 Prospero and Miranda came to an island and lived in a cave.
 Prospero forgave them and restored his dukedom, Milan.
 He raised a violent storm in the sea to wreck the ship of his enemies.
 Prospero wanted to test Ferdinand and gave a severe task to perform.
 Using his magical powers, Prospero released the good spirits from large bodies of trees.
 The King of Naples, and Antonio the false brother, repented the injustice they had done to Prospero.
 Ariel was instructed to bring Ferdinand, the prince of Naples to his cave.
 Ferdinand was the second human whom Miranda had seen after her father.
Answer  Prospero and Miranda came to an island and lived in a cave.
 Using his magical powers, Prospero released the good spirits from large bodies of trees.
 He raised a violent storm in the sea to wreck the ship of his enemies.
 He ordered Ariel to torment the inmates of the ship.
 Ariel was instructed to bring Ferdinand, the prince of Naples to his cave.
 Ferdinand was the second human whom Miranda had seen after her father.
 Miranda was attracted by Ferdinand and had more concern towards him.
 Prospero wanted to test Ferdinand and gave a severe task to perform.
 The King of Naples, and Antonio the false brother, repented the injustice they had done to Prospero.
 Prospero forgave them and restored his dukedom, Milan.
Exercise: 1 (SEP - 2021) Answer
i) With the help of the spirits Prospero could command the winds, and the i) Prospero and his ……….
waves of the sea. ii) These gentle spirits …...
ii) Prospero and his daughter Miranda lived in a cave. iii) With the help ………....
iii) Ariel then went to fetch Ferdinand. iv) Ariel gave a lively …….
iv) These gentle spirits were ever after obedient to the will of Prospero.
v) Ariel gave a lively description of the storm, and of the terrors of the mariners. v) Ariel then went……….
Exercise : 2 (SEP - 2020) Answer
i) The King of Naples and Antonio repented the injustice they had done to Prospero. i) Our food lasted………
ii) Before Prospero left the island, he dismissed Ariel from his service. ii) I will make you rich….
iii) He Showed him his son Ferdinand playing chess with Miranda. iii) The King of Naples….
iv) Our food lasted till we landed on this desert island. iv) He Showed him his ….
v) I will make you rich amends, by giving you my daughter. v) Before Prospero …..
Exercise : 3 (MDL - 19) Answer
i) Using his powers, Prospero released the good spirits from large bodies of trees.
i) Prospero and Miranda …
ii) Prospero and Miranda came to an island and lived in a cave.
ii) Using his powers, …..
iii) He raised a violent storm in the sea to wreck the ship of his enemies.
iv) The King of Naples and Antonio the false brother, repented the injustice iii) He raised a violent …..
they had done to Prospero. iv) He ordered Ariel to …..
v) He ordered Ariel to torment the inmates of the ship. v) The King of Naples…...
Exercise : 4 (PTA - 3) Answer
i) Of these, Ariel was the chief. i) Prospero, the Duke….
ii) They live in a cave made out of rocks. ii) They live in a cave….
iii) Gonzalo, the lord of his court privately places water, provisions, apparels and
iii) By virtue of his …..
books.
iv) Prospero, the Duke of Milan reaches the island with his daughter Miranda. iv) Of these, Ariel….
v) By virtue of his magic he releases many good spirits from the witch Sycorax. v) Gonzalo, the lord…..
i) Miranda was attracted by Ferdinand and had more concern towards him. i) Ferdinand was ….
ii) Prospero forgave them and restored his dukedom, Milan. ii) Miranda was attracted...
iii) Prospero wanted to test Ferdinand and gave a severe task to perform.
iii) Prospero wanted to …..
iv) The king of Naples, and Antonio the false brother, repented the injustice
they had done to Prospero. iv) The king of Naples,…..
v) Ferdinand was the second human whom Miranda had seen after her father. v) Prospero forgave ….
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Unit 2: Zigzag
Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order.
i) He took care of the orderliness in the clinic. i) Zigzag was of a great …
ii) Zigzag was of a great trouble in the house. ii) Dr. Krishnan took ….
iii) Dr. Krishnan was surprised of the sudden change in Zigzag. iii) Dr. Krishnan was …
iv) Gone was Zigzag’s bored and grumpy expression. iv) He took care of the …
v) Dr. Krishnan took him to the clinic. v) Gone was Zigzag’s …
COMPREHENSION (5 Mark Question)

Unit 1: The Tempest
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
1. There was an island in the sea, the only inhabitants of which were an old man, named Prospero,
and his daughter Miranda, a very beautiful young lady. She came to this island so young, that she
had no memory of having seen any other human face than her father’s. They lived in a cave made
out of a rock; it was divided into several apartments, one of which Prospero called his study; there
he kept his books, which chiefly treated of magic. By virtue of his art, he had released many good
spirits from a witch called Sycorax who had them imprisoned in the bodies of large trees. These
gentle spirits were ever after obedient to the will of Prospero.
(HY - 19)
Questions Answers
1) Who were the only inhabitants of the island? 1) An old man, named Prospero, and his daughter
Miranda were the only inhabitants of the island.
2) Where did they live? 2) They lived in the rock cave of an island.
3) What is the name of the witch? 3) Sycorax is the name of the witch.
4) How had Prospero helped the gentle spirits? 4) Prospero had released many good spirits.
5) What had the witch done to the spirits? 5) The witch had imprisoned the spirits in the bodies
of large trees.
2. “O father,” said Miranda, in a strange surprise, “surely that is a spirit. Lord! How it looks about!
Believe me, it is a beautiful creature. Is it not a spirit?” “No, girl,” answered her father; “it eats, and
sleeps, and has senses such as we have. This young man you see was in the ship. He is somewhat
altered by grief, or you might call him a handsome person. He has lost his companions, and is
wandering about to find them.”
Miranda, who thought all men had grave faces and grey beards like her father, was delighted with
the appearance of this beautiful young prince; and Ferdinand, seeing such a lovely lady in this desert
place, and from the strange sounds he had heard, expecting nothing but wonders, thought he was
upon an enchanted island, and that Miranda was the goddess of the place, and as such he began to
address her.
Questions Answers
1. How did Miranda express about 1. Miranda expressed her father about Ferdinand as a
Ferdinand surprisingly? beautiful spirit.
2. What did Prospero answer his daughter? 2. Prospero answered his daughter that Ferdinand was a
3. What was the plight of Ferdinand? handsome person in the ship.He had senses as they had.
4. What was Ferdinand’s thought on seeing 3. Ferdinand had lost his companions and was wandering
Miranda? about to find them.
5. State whether True or False : 4. Ferdinand wondered by seeing the lovely lady Miranda and
addressed her as the goddess of that place.
“Miranda thought that her father alone
had grave face and grey beard.” 5. True.
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Unit 2: Zigzag
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
1. Six days passed. Six frantic days of checking their e-mail day and night. Six torturous days of having the
deafeningly loud KNGRRDRRWHEEZE resound in their home, most nerve wrackingly. Maya complained
that she heard a permanent rumbling sound in her ears even when she was miles away from home and that
her ears ached all the time. Arvind confessed that, for the first time in his life, he was actually looking
forward to going to school considering it was a calm as a monastery compared to their house. Mrs. Krishnan
had lost interest in painting. Zigzag would sometimes wake up briefly when he wanted to eat some fruit,
and sometimes he would sit on the veranda looking sulky and bored. Zigzag never spoke to anyone, though
everyone tried several times. He only slept. And snored. On the seventh day, Dr.Somu’s e-mail arrived. It
was, as Dr. Krishnan predicted, ridiculously simple. (SEP - 2021)
Questions:
1. How did the days pass?
The days were frantic and torturous of having the deafeningly loud snoring sound of Zigzag.
2. What was Maya’s complaint?
Maya complained that she heard a permanent rumbling sound that ached her ears all the time.
3. What was Arvind’s confession?
Arvind confessed that he was actually looking forward to going to school for the first time as it was
calm as a monastery compared to their house.
4. What was Zigzag’s routine?
Zigzag woke up briefly when he wanted to eat some fruit, and sometimes he would sit on the veranda
looking sulky and bored. He only slept and snored.
5. What was Dr. Krishnan’s prediction about Dr. Somu’s e-mail?
Dr. Krishnan’s prediction about Dr. Somu’s e-mail was that it would reply a ridiculously simple way
to stop Zigzag from snoring.
2. In total despair at their failure to wake Zigzag, or at least stop him snoring, they shut themselves in the
bedroom that was furthest away from Mrs. Krishnan’s studio where Zigzag was creating the terrible din.
Mrs. Krishnan was just unreveling a roll of cotton wool to stuff in her ears, when they heard their maid,
Lakshmi, shrieking as if she had been electrocuted. (SEP - 2020)
Questions Answers
1. Were they able to stop Zigzag from 1. No. They were unable to stop Zigzag from snoring.
snoring? 2. They shut themselves in the bedroom.
2. Where did they shut themselves? 3. Mrs. Krishnan was just unravelling a roll of cotton wool
3. What was Mrs. Krishnan trying to do? to stuff in her ears to avoid hearing Zigzag’s snoring.
4. Who is Lakshmi? 4. Lakshmi is the servant maid .
5. How did Lakshmi scream? 5. Lakshmi screamed as if she had been electrocuted.
3. ‘You’re both quite mistaken,’ their father hastened to explain, seeing his wife’s horrified expression.
‘Zigzag is a most harmless, unusual and lovable bird. Apparently, it was bred by a genuine African witch
doctor, who gifted it to Somu when he --- being a child specialist like me --- cured the witch doctor’s son
while he was touring the deepest jungles of equatorial Africa last month. Somu says the bird is an absolute
treasure and a real help. It’s his favourite pet, you know’. Somu might be your best friend, but most of these
so called “favourite” possessions that he has given us were absolute nuisances!’ countered Mrs. Krishnan
angrily. A talented artist, she applied a dab of yellow-ochre paint onto her painting titled Sunset at Marina,
paused for a moment to survey the effect and then continued, ‘Remember the rare insect-eating plant he
brought back from the wettest corner of the Amazonian rainforest! He insisted that we keep it because it
would eat the mosquitoes in the house and now that wretched plant requires a room heater to keep it alive
in Chennai!’ (PTA - 3)
Questions Answers
1. Who gifted Zigzag to Somu? 1. A genuine African witch doctor gifted Zigzg to Somu.
2. Why did he gift Zigzag to Somu? 2. Because Dr.Somu cured his (the witch doctor’s) son.
3. What is the title of Mrs. Krishnan’s painting? 3. The title of Mrs. Krishnan’s painting is ‘Sunset at
4. Why did Somu insist the Krishnan’s family Marina’.
to keep the insect-eating plant? 4. The insect-eating plant would eat the mosquitoes in
5. What do you know about Zigzag from the the house. So Somu insisted.
given passage? 5. Zigzag is a most harmless, unusual and lovable
bird.
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Prose - 1
HIS FIRST FLIGHT
(Kjy; gwf;Fk; mDgtk;)
Liam O’Flaherty
ANSWERS TO BOOK EXERCISES (TB - Pg.No.: 6 - 16)

VOCABULARY (TB Pg.No.: 6, 7)
Parts of Speech:
C. Change the parts of speech of the given words in the chart.
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
exhaustion exhaust exhausting, exhausted, exhaustive exhaustedly
width widen wide widely
madness madden mad madly
perfection perfect perfect perfectly
D. Read the following sentences and change the form of the underlined words as directed.
1. His family was screaming and offering him food. (to adjective)
Answer: His screaming family was offering him food.
2. The young seagull gave out a loud call. (to adverb)
Answer: The young seagull called out loudly
3. The bird cackled amusedly while flying. (to noun)
Answer: The bird cackled with amusement while flying.
4. The depth of the sea from the ledge scared the seagull. (to adjective)
Answer: The deep sea from the ledge scared the seagull.
5. The successful flight of the bird was a proud moment for the seagull’s family. (to verb)
Answer: The bird flew successfully and it was a proud moment for the seagull's family.
E. Use the following words to construct meaningful se ntences on your own.
coward Tom is a coward.
gradual The economic growth is gradual.
praise Always praise the good deeds of others.
courageous Gandhiji was very courageous.
starvation His health is spoiled because of starvation.
LISTENING (TB Pg.No.: 7, 213)
F. Listen to the travelogue and answer the following questions.
i) Fill in the blanks with suitable words. 1. Darjeeling 2. Kanchenjunga 3. Tiger 4. Senchal 5. Batasia loop
ii) Yes. They had a memorable and enjoyable school trip.
iii) Thekkady, Kochi, Munnar, and Trivandrum
iv) State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False (Reason: It was not cloudy, so they could get the glimpse of the Mount Everest.) 2. True
3. False (Reason: Tiger hill has earned international fame for the best sunrise view.)
SPEAKING (TB Pg.No.: 7)
G. Continue the dialogue with at least five utterances and use all the clues given above.
Answer
Mary : I think we should carry suitable clothes like daily wear for 2 days.
Father : What about the food? Do you have any idea, Mary?
Mary : Yeah. For food, I suggest Rotis, chappatis, bread, butter and jam.
Father : Don’t you think we need First-aid kit and required medicines?
Mary : Yes, of course. We must also arrange safe transport and proper accommodation.
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READING (TB Pg.No.: 8, 9)
H. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
1. Bungee jumping is an activity that involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a
long elastic cord.
2. Yes. Bungee can also be performed from a movable object like a hot-air-balloon or helicopter.
These objects have the ability to hover above the ground.
3. Bungee becomes thrilling during free falling and the rebound.
4. When one falls off the platform, the cord stretches and the jumper flies upwards again as the cord
recoils, and continues to oscillate up and down until all the kinetic energy is dissipated. He or she
gets excitement and thrill very much.
5. The Bungee jumping point is located in Mohan Chatti village, Rishikesh.
6. The minimum age to Bungee Jump is 12 years.
WRITING (TB Pg.No.: 9, 10, 11)
Advertisement (For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg.No – 134)
1. Mobile Galaxy - Smart phones - accessories - SIM cards - Recharge - Free Power banks on Mobile
purchase - No.1, Toll gate, Trichy
Report Writing (For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg.No.: 150)
GRAMMAR (TB Pg.No.: 12-16)
Modals
A. Complete these sentences using appropriate modals. The clues in the brackets will help you.
1. When I was a child, I could climb trees easily but now I can’t. (ability in the past)
2. I will win this singing contest. (determination)
3. You can / may buy this book. It is worth buying. (advice or suggestion)
4. Poongothai can speak several languages. (ability in the present)
5. I swear I will not / won’t tell lies again. (promise)
6. My father used to play badminton in the evenings when he was at college. (past habit)
7. You must / should do as I say! (command)
8. Could/Can I have another glass of water? (request)
9. Sibi has not practised hard but he might win the race. (possibility)
10. We should / ought to preserve our natural resources. (duty)
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B. Rewrite the following sentences by rectifying the errors in the use of modals.
1. Would I have your autograph? May / Can I have your autograph?
2. I can be fifteen next April. I will be fifteen next April.
3. Take an umbrella. It should rain later. Take an umbrella. It may rain later.
4. The magistrate ordered that he might pay the fine. The magistrate ordered that he should pay the fine.
5. Make me a cup of tea, shall you? Make me a cup of tea, will you?
6. You may speak politely to the elders. You ought to / should speak politely to the elders.
7. You will get your teeth cleaned at least once a You must/should get your teeth cleaned at least
year. once a year.
8. We could grow vegetables in our kitchen We can grow vegetables in our kitchen garden
garden but we don’t do it now. but we cannot do it now.
9. Must I get your jacket? The weather is cold. May / Shall I get your jacket? The weather is cold.
10. Could the train be on time? Will the train be on time?
C. Read the dialogue and fill in the blanks with suitable modals.
Dad : Shall we go out for dinner tonight?
Charan : Yes, Dad. We shall go to a restaurant where I can have some ice cream.
Dad : OK. Then, I will be at home by 7 p.m. Mom and you must / should be ready by then.
Charan : Sure. We will. My friend told me that there is a magic show nearby. Could you please take us there?
Dad : We may not have time to go for the magic show, I suppose. If we have enough time left, we
shall / will plan.
Charan : By the way, should we inform our gate keeper about our outing?
Dad : Yes, we should, so that he will be aware we aren’t at home.
Charan : Shall I call up Mom and tell her about our plan today?
Dad : You ought to. Otherwise, we might be in trouble when she returns home.
Charan : Hmm… by the time you come home in the evening, we will be waiting for you. Hope you
will not / won’t be late. Bye.
D. Read the following dialogues and supply appropriate modals.

1. Student : Can we leave our bags in the class during the break?
Teacher : Yes, you can, but arrange them neatly.
2. Passenger : My child is 6 years old. Do I have to buy him a ticket?
Conductor : Yes, you should. It costs half of the price of an adult ticket.
3. Vani : Can we go for coffee after the meeting?
Yoga : No, I can’t. I have to go home.
4. Salesman : When will I receive my order?
Customer : I can / can’t assure you sir, the order will / may be delivered tomorrow.
5. Neela : Do you think I should write about my educational background in the resume?
Preethi : Yes, you should . You will / may get a better job.
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E. Here are a few sentences already done for you. The clues given would be helpful to make more
sentences on your own.
3. You could enjoy the Architecture in
Brihadeeswarar Temple (Big temple)
4. You should visit Saraswathi Mahal (Library) at
the palace.
5. You mustn’t miss the museum.
6. You can buy art plates and paintings there.
7. You could enjoy the palace there.
8. You shall also go to Thiruvaiyaru which is famous
1. I would suggest that you take the Uzhavan for classical music.
Express to Thanjavur from Chennai. 9. I would suggest you to go to Kallanai Dam.
2. You will be more comfortable if you could 10. You would be happy to visit Poondi Basilica
book 3 tier A/C. noted for its scenic beauty around
Active and Passive voice (For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg. No.:106 – 110)
F. Change the following sentences to the other voice.
Question Answer
1. The manager appointed many office assistants. Many office assistants were appointed by the manager
2. You are making a cake now. A cake is being made by you now.
3. That portrait was painted by my grandmother. My grandmother painted that portrait.
4. Malini had bought a colourful hat for her daughter. A colourful hat had been bought by Malini for her daughter.
5. They have asked me to pay the fine. I have been asked to pay the fine by them.
6. The militants were being taken to prison by the police. The police was taking the militants to prison.
7. His behaviour vexes me. I am vexed by his behaviour.
8. Rosy will solve the problem. The problem will be solved by Rosy.
9. Our army has defeated the enemy. The enemy has been defeated by our army.
10. The salesman answered all the questions patiently. All the questions were answered patiently by the salesman.
G. Change the following into Passive voice.

Question Answer
1. Please call him at once. You are requested to call him at once.
2. How did you cross the river? How was the river crossed by you?
3. No one is borrowing the novels from the library. The novels are not being borrowed from the library.
4. Will you help me? Will I be helped by you?
5. Go for a jog early in the morning. You are advised to go for a jog early in the morning.
6. Why have you left your brother at home? Why has your brother been left at home by you?
7. Nobody should violate the rules. The rules should not be violated.
8. Someone has to initiate it immediately. It has to be initiated immediately.
9. Have you invited Raman to the party? Has Raman been invited by you to the party?
10. Please do not walk on the grass. You are requested not to walk on the grass.
You are advised to cross the busy roads carefully. /
11. Cross the busy roads carefully.
You are instructed to cross the busy roads carefully.
12. When will you book the tickets to Bengaluru? When will the tickets be booked by you to Bengaluru?
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H. Change each of the following sentences into two passives using direct object as the subject in one
and indirect in the other.
a. A bar of chocolate was given to Jill by John.
1. John gave a bar of chocolate to Jill.
b. Jill was given a bar of chocolate by John.
a. A pencil was lent to Keerthana by Pragathi.
2. Pragathi lent a pencil to Keerthana.
b. Keerthana was lent a pencil by Pragathi.
a. The truth was told by Sudha to her friend.
3. Sudha told the truth to her friend.
b. Sudha’s friend was told the truth by Sudha.
4. They offered the job to Venkat. a. The job was offered by them to Venkat.
b. Venkat was offered the job by them.
5. The boss showed the new computer a. The new computer was showed to Kaviya by the boss.
to Kaviya. b. Kaviya was showed the new computer by the boss.
I. Rewrite the following passage in Passive Voice.
A few days ago, someone stole Ambrose’s motorbike. Ambrose had left it outside his house. He
reported the theft to the police. The police told him that they would try to find his motorbike. This morning,
they found his motorbike. The police called Ambrose to the police station. The thieves had painted it and
then sold it to someone else. The new owner had parked the motorbike outside a mall when the police found
it. After an enquiry, the police arrested the thieves.
Answer
A few days ago, Ambrose’s motor bike was stolen. It had been left by Ambrose outside his
house. The theft was reported by him to the police. He was told by the police that (the matter of)
finding his motorbike would be tried by them. This morning his motorbike was found by them.
Ambrose was called by the police, to the police station. It had been painted by the thieves, and it was
sold. The motorbike had been parked by the new owner, outside a mall when it was found by the
police. After an enquiry, the thieves were arrested by the police.
J. Write a recipe of your favourite dish in passive voice. Remember to list out the ingredients of the
dish you have chosen and their quantity. Use Simple Present tense to write your recipe.
Carrot Kheer
Ingredients
 ¼ Kg of the carrot taken.  2 no elaichi (cardamom)
 200 gms of sugar taken.  50 gms of ghee
 100 gms of cashew nuts  250 gms of milk
First, peel off the carrots’ skin. Then, cook the carrots for 3 minutes. The boiled carrots are mashed
nicely. The mashed carrots are taken in a pan. Simmer over low flame, 200 gms of sugar and
250ml of milk are added and stirred well. The cashew nuts and elaichi are roasted and added to
the mix. The mixture is stirred again well, until sugar gets dissolved properly. Now the ghee is
added and stirred. Finally the carrot kheer is ready to be served.
K. Write a report of an event held at your school using Passive voice. Use Simple Past Tense to
narrate the event.
National Science Day
- V.Amuthan
28th Feb, 2020
The National Science Day was celebrated in our school. It was presided over by the Principal of
Government college, Chennai. The welcome speech was delivered by our Head master. A debate about
the cause of global warming was conducted. Many exhibits were displayed. The vote of thanks was
delivered by the school pupil leader. Finally the programme was concluded with National Anthem.
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Prose - 2
THE NIGHT THE GHOST
GOT IN
(Nga; te;j ,uT)
James Grover Thurber

VOCABULARY (TB - Pg.No.: 35)
Slang expression
C. With the help of your teacher rewrite them in standard English. One has been done for you.
1. ‘Musta got away - whatt’d he like? Must got away - what was he like?’
2. ‘Looky here, Joe Look here, Joe
3. ‘No sign o’ nothing’ No sign of anything
4. ‘Back t’ the lines ye goodaam’ Back to the lines you god-damn
5.‘What was the idee of all them cops What was the idea of all the cops moving around
tarryhootin’ round the house last night.’ and making noise around the house last night
Singular & Plural (For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg. No.:82 - 83)
D. Complete the given tabular column with the suitable plural forms.
1. chair - chairs 2. box - boxes 3. eskimo - eskimos
4. lady - ladies 5. radius - radii 6. formula - formulae
7. child - children 8. deer - deer 9. loaf - loaves 10. hero - heroes
LISTENING (TB - Pg.No.: 36, 213)
E. Listen to the story and answer the following.
1. b) Thailand 2. Chulong caught the bird in a bush in his garden. 3. Chulong caught the bird
in order to become richer by selling it for a big amount. 4. If the bird is kept in imprisonment, it will
lose its beauty and its sweet voice. 5. The bird suggested Chulong to teach him 3 important rules of
life, in exchange for its freedom. 6. No, he was a greedy man, he wanted to earn more money through
dishonest way. 7. Chulong’s first plan was to sell the beautiful bird for a huge amount. His second
plan was to kill it and to eat its meat. 8. According to me, the bird is wiser than Chulong.
9. No, the bird is not a crow. 10. (i) Never believe everything others say. (ii) Never be sad about
something you do not have. (iii) Never throw away what you have in your hand.
SPEAKING (TB - Pg.No.: 36, 37)
G. Use this passage to play the game. You can collect information on other famous personalities and
play too. Make your own
READING (TB - Pg.No.: 37-39)
H. Read the incident again and answer the following questions.
1. The writer was always asked to buy some gifts from abroad whenever he planned.
2. Gilson wanted to bring a tie with a letter ‘G’ embroidered on it.
3. When the writer saw the airport bus on Tuesday morning, he remembered to buy a tie for Mr. Gilson
4. The flight was delayed due to the writer’s late arrival. And so the other passengers in the flight were
gazing at the writer.
5. The humour element was that the writer had left the tie in the taxi. All his efforts became vain.
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I. Suggesting titles:
1. Oh, No! But it happens! - Para - 1: “Oh, so you’re going abroad……. dangerous in the air.
2. Don’t let out your travelling dates - Para - 2: Now, two months before a trip…. when you get back”.
3. Anyway, people will be people - Para - 3 What Gilson asked me to buy…….. the shops were closed.
4. Search begins - Para - 5 I told the group to go on…….. I was looking for.
5. Things are not that easy - Para - 8 When I finally thought I had…….. just for a damned tie?
6. Hurry invites worry - Para - 11 When I reached the airport……. I had left it behind; in the taxi.
J. Glance through the write up again and comment on what the writer should have done in the
following situations.
Question Answer
 Gilson asked the writer to bring a tie. The writer could have avoided Gilson by
explaining that the stay was a short period. And
so he cannot go for shopping.
 On the day of arrival, the writer had no time to He should have bought the tie when he have a
think about the tie. lot of time on the day of arrival.
 The writer remembered about the tie when the bus He should have gone directly to the airport. It is
was leaving for the airport. wrong time for shopping.
 The writer walked down in search of the shop. The writer should have taken the address of the shop
from a local person instead of wasting his time.
 The writer rushed out with the tie in a paper bag. The writer should have kept the tie in his coat pocket.
K. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. False (Correct Statement: The narrator searched for two days to buy ceramic paint)
2. True 3. True
4. False (Correct Statement: It was not a parking area. So he was waiting in a corner)
5. True 6. True
WRITING (TB - Pg.No.: 39, 40)
M. Write a speech for your school Literary Association celebration with the given lead.
(For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg.No.152)
GRAMMAR (TB - Pg.No.: 40-44)
Articles
A) Complete the conversation below by adding a, an or the.
Nagarajan : Well, here we are, No.8, Kaveri Street. I think this is the house we saw online. What
do you think of the location?
Dhanalakshmi : It is in a nice neighbourhood. And it’s close to the railway station.
Nagarajan : And the bus stop is not too far away.
Dhanalakshmi : How many rooms are there?
Nagarajan : There are three rooms, a kitchen and a balcony.
Dhanalakshmi : There is a lawn behind the house, right?
Nagarajan : That’s right the lawn is actually quite large. Did you see any photos of the living
room, online? What does it look like?
Dhanalakshmi : The living room looks great. It looks bright and airy. It has a nice view of the hills.
But the kitchen looks a little small.
Nagarajan : And, I remember you said there isn’t a store room, right?
Dhanalakshmi : No, but there is an attic, where we can store things.
Nagarajan : I hope this house is a better option.
Dhanalakshmi : Lets wait for the real estate agent. She said, she would be here at three o’clock.
Nagarajan : Look there she is!
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B) Edit the passage given below by adding suitable articles where ever necessary.
Answer: My neighbourhood is a very interesting place. My house is located in an apartment building
downtown near many stores and offices. There is a small supermarket across the street, where my
family likes to go shopping. There is also a post office and a bank near our home. In our neighbourhood
there is a small, Green Park where my friends and I like to play on weekends and holidays. There is a
small pond near the park and there are many ducks in the park. We always have a great time. In addition
there is an elementary school close to our home where my little brother studies in the third grade. There
are so many things to see and do in my neighbourhood that’s why I like it. It’s really a great place.
Prepositional Phrases
C. Refer to the dictionary to find out the meaning of the prepositional phrases and match them.
Prepositional Phrases Meaning Answer
due to (fhuzj;jhy;) as a substitute for because of
except for (mJ jtpu) in the interest of with the exception of
with reference to (Fwpg;gpd; gb) irrespective of referring to
in spite of (,Ue;j NghJk;) added to irrespective of
in addition to ($Ljyhf) because of added to
in place of (mjw;Fg;gjpyhf) referring to as a substitute for
regardless of (nghUl;gLj;jhky;) with the exception of disregarding the difficulty
for the sake of (mjd; nghUl;L) disregarding the difficulty in the interest of
D. Fill in the blanks by choosing the most appropriate prepositional phrase from the given options.
1. Everything falls to the ground (b) because of earth’s gravitational pull.
2. The trial was conducted (a) in accordance with the procedure of law.
3. There is a temple right (c) in front of my house.
4. As a (b) result of his hard work, he achieved the target.
5. Failure is often the (a) effect of / (b) consequence of negligence.
6. Children are given toys (b) in addition to sweets on Children’s day.
7. The parents must be informed (b) in case of any indiscipline conduct of their wards.
8. He didn’t turn up (b) due to his busy schedule.
9. Global warming is (a) an effect of the green house emission.
10. (b) In spite of several warnings, he continued to swim.
E. Edit the following passage by replacing the underlined incorrect words with correct prepositional phrases.
Paragraph Correct answer
Janu is studying in class X.
In the event of the teachers she is a disciplined student. According to
In addition to her poverty, she is always neat. Inspite of
Many students like her in case of her simplicity. because of
According to her studies, she also participates in sports. Besides / In addition to
She gets on with everyone in case of age and gender in the school. irrespective of
In opposition to taking leave, she ensures that she completes the work
In case of
given before she goes to school next day.
(For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg.No.: 97 - 99)
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Prose - 3
EMPOWERED WOMEN
NAVIGATING THE WORLD
(ty;yik ngw;w kfspu; - cyifr;Rw;wpf;
fg;gNyhl;Ljy;)
ANSWERS TO BOOK EXERCISES (TB - Pg.No.: 66-83)

VOCABULARY (TB - Pg.No.: 66-68)
Idioms and Phrases (For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg.No.: 91-92)
D. Pick out the phrasal verbs from the box and write them in the blanks equivalent to their meanings.
IDIOMS (Answer) PHRASES (Answer)
1. Competent - on the ball 1. To meet or find by chance - come across
2. Become more confident in expressing
2. To exercise - work out
oneself - find one’s voice
3. Extremely happy - over the moon 3. To accept a challenge with confidence - bring it on
4. Mentally agile - sharp as a tack 4. To have a friendly relationship - get along
5. Listen - lend an ear 5. To keep something - hang on
E. Read the given sentences carefully and fill in with appropriate phrasal verbs.
1. The airhostess instructed the passengers to wear the seat belts during the take off.
2. Venkat felt happy to get along with the neighbours in the new locality.
3. There will be a shut down next week in the office.
4. Doing warm up every day in the morning keeps one healthy.
5. The mother instructed the maid to look after the child carefully.
F. Read the given passage carefully and fill in the blanks with suitable phrasal verbs from the help box.
Riya is a young dancer who feels contented and satisfied with herself. Let's hear from her.
Hi, everyone! I am Riya. I suppose I’m really lucky because I don’t (1) put on weight easily. I never
(2) work out in the gym and the only time I (3) stretch out is when I need something from the top
shelf. I tried aerobics several times but I couldn’t (4) keep up with the others. I take my pet for a walk
thrice a day though, and that helps to (5) burn off the calories. I usually watch what I eat but I sometimes
binge on ice-cream. My sister Diya, is a real fitness fanatic. Before she works out, she (6) warms up
every day with push ups, sit ups, stretches and a jog around the park. She says it’s important to (7) build
up good levels of strength and stamina. I don’t want to overdo it though. A fitness regime like hers
would (8) tire me (9) out!
G. *Listen to the passage read by the teacher and say whether the given statement is true or false.
1. True
2. False (Reason :At the age of seventeen, she captained the Tamilnadu women’s under-19 cricket team.)
3. False (Reason: Preethi Srinivasan was not only a cricketer but also a swimmer.)
4. False (for those who cope with disabilities related to spinal cord injuries)
5. True
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H. Read the clues given below and develop your story. Narrate your story to the class.
Answer : Perseverance Wins
Once there lived a king named Robert Bruce. He was lying on the ground in a dejected mood, since
he failed to defeat his enemies. He was thinking of giving up his attempt. At that time, he saw a spider
falling down from the ceiling which was far away. He wondered how it could get there. The spider tried
again, but it fell back again. It did not lose hope. It tried again but it fell down again. It made nine such
attempts. It did not succeed. It climbed up once more and at last succeeded in reaching the roof. Bruce
was surprised to see this. He was inspired and motivated by its efforts. Once again, he tried to defeat his
enemies. This time he succeeded in his effort.
Moral: Attempts may fail but never fail to attempt.
I. Develop a story with the given pictures and narrate it to your class.
Answer : Once a ship got wrecked. The ship had a lot of treasure. So some crew members wanted to get
the treasure. They went into the sea. They saw the coral reef and the other wealths of the sea. They saw
some fossils there. Finally they reached the treasure. They grabbed it and returned to the shore victoriously.
READING (TB - Pg.No.: 70)
I. Read the pie-chart carefully and answer the following Questions on Women at Work.
1. What is the data about?
a) women empowerment b) women power
c) women at work d) women at home
2. Identify the three jobs where the same percentage of women work.
Answer - B
3. In which field of work is women’s involvement the second highest?
a) Logistics stores b) Home maker
c) Medicine d) Administration/Human resource
4. Percentage of women working in finance is the same as ______.
a) Home maker b) Information Technology
c) Technical Field d) Administration/ Human Resources
5. What is the difference between the percentage of women working
in logistics and Medicine? a) 8 b) 11 c) 13 d) 5
WRITING (TB - Pg.No.: 70-74)

Slogan Writing
J. Read the given slogans and match them appropriately with their theme.
Answer
1. One for all and all for one Unity
2. Limit your fast food otherwise it would be your last food Junk food
3. Restricting a woman restricts the growth of the family Woman empowerment
4. Clean and green makes perfect scene Cleanliness
5. It takes a lot of blue to stay green Save water
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K. Identify the products and try to frame your own slogans for each one of them.
Ice Cream Pens Mobile phone Tooth brush
I taste you! The World’s most Empowering people Designed for
You melt me! wanted pen Expanding Possibilities every smile
L. Look at the pictures given below and frame your own slogans:
1. Conserve water! 3. Save the world in 4. Never, ever give

2. Unite for success
Conserve life! your hands! up!
Letter Writing
M. Exercise: (For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg.No.: 137 – 146)
Tense (For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg.No.: 99 - 104)
A. Complete the sentences in present tense forms. B. Complete the sentences in past tense forms.
1. Saravanan always goes (go) for a walk in the morning. 1. I went (go) to her place on foot.
2. We gather / are gathering (gather) here for a 2. The children were playing (play) in the
meeting and the chair person is yet to arrive. ground when the teacher arrived.
3. Aruna has eagerly been waiting (wait) to meet 3. They were requesting (request) him when
her friend since morning. the manager arrived.
4. Sheeba moves/will move (move) to a new house 4. If you had worked (work) hard, you would
next week. have won the relay match/ race.
5. Naseera attends (attend) music classes 5. Joanna and Joy had already left (leave) for
regularly. Ooty, when the others reached the station.
6. Ilakiya and Adhira enjoy (enjoy) each other's
6. We all sang (sing) in the choir last week.
company very much.
7. Mani has been working/ has worked (work) 7. Nancy had always been asking (ask) for
in this school for five years. help. (for the last 3 hours)
8. It is pouring (pour) outside now. 8. The office goers waited (wait) for the train.
C. Fill in the blanks using the verbs in the brackets in the future form.
1. We shall not go to the market, in case it rains. (go)
2. Keerthi will have done his work by next week. (do)
3. The peon will have rung the bell by the time I reach the school. (ring)
4. I shall visit my sister's house next April if I go to Uttarkhand. (visit)
5. If you listen carefully, you will understand my point. (understand)
6. By next year, I shall have lived in Chennai for fifteen years. (live)
7. The new edition of this book will come out shortly. (come)
8. She hopes you will help her. (help)
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D. Underline the verbs and identify the tense forms.
1. I am working hard day and night - Present Continuous Tense
2. The Moon revolves around the Earth - Simple Present Tense
3. Were the milk men milking the cow? - Past Continuous Tense
4. He received your messages last night - Simple Past Tense
5. I have been ill for a couple of days - Present Perfect Tense
E. Choose the correct words from the given options to complete the passage.
Raghav (a) (ii) is born in a middle class family. He is a (b) (i) school going boy of 8. His mother
(c) (ii)works as a software engineer in an MNC. (d) (iii)Drawing is his favourite hobby. He (e) (iv)won
the first prize in school level competition for drawing last week. He (f) (iii) started drawing at the age
of 3. His mother (g) (iii)hopes he (h) (i)will become a great painter in future.
F. Write the wrong word as well as the correct word in the given place. One is done for you.
When Anand reach Arun's place, his Wrong words Correct words
friends have arrived already. Arun reach reached
introduces Anand to them. Arun's brother have arrived had arrived
buy some snacks from the market. introduces introduced
buy bought
Arun serving it to all his friends. Then
serving served
they all sat together to planning their holidays.
to planning to plan
Arun have a cottage in Ooty, so
have has
they all plan to go to Ooty during the holidays.
plan planned
“Would we have a good time?, asked Arun. would shall
They all cheerfully say, “Yes!” say said
G. Read the story and rewrite it using the past tense.
Answer
Juno the elephant was lonely and tried to make friends with the other animals in the forest. But,
the other animals refused to play with Juno, because of his size. One day, all the animals ran away
from Dera the tiger, who ate everyone he found. Juno went and gave Dera a swift kick. Dera
immediately ran away. Juno was now everyone's friend.
H. Read the situations given and frame two suitable sentences in the appropriate form of the tenses.
 Give two instructions to your classmates.
1. Don’t write on the wall.
2. Be punctual.
 Make any two requests to your classmates or friends.
1. Please give me your record.
2. Kindly go with me to the library.
 Mention any two of your discontinued habits in the correct tense form.
1. I used to quarrel with my friends.
2. I gave up drinking coffee.
 Mention any of your two dreams in the correct tense form.
1. I dream that I will buy a car.
2. I always dream of becoming a millionaire.
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Prose - 4
THE ATTIC
(guz;)
Satyajit Ray

VOCABULARY (TB - Pg.No.: 100, 101)
Compound words (For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg.No.: 93 - 94)
C. Complete the following table with two more compound words.
 Noun + Noun kitchen garden, school bus, table spoon
 Noun + Verb mouthwash, sunset, pen stand
 Verb + Noun Watchman, playground, call taxi
 Preposition + Noun Overcoat, underworld, upstream
 Gerund + Noun bleaching powder, walking stick, dining hall
 Noun + Gerund housekeeping, birdwatching, babysitting
 Adjective + Preposition + Noun good for nothing, lack of food, free of cost
 Noun + Preposition + Noun mother-in-law, line-by-line, day-to-day
D. Combine the words in column A with E. Form compound words from the boxes given
those in column B to form compound words. below and fill in the blanks.
Column Column 1. Siva visited the hair stylist to have a clean haircut.
Answer 2. Tharani had given the sarees for dry cleaning.
A B
3. The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms
rain light rainfall
the earth’s surface.
snow thing snowball / snowfall 4. Never wait for an alarm clock to wake you up.
star fall starlight 5. The children were late to school as there was a traffic
draw ball drawback jam near the toll plaza.
play back plaything / playback 6. The government expects every individual to promptly
lottery ticket lottery ticket pay the income tax.
under walk underworld 7. People usually wear sun glasses during the summer.
man note manhole 8. The patients were asked to sit in the waiting room until
the doctor arrived.
side world sidewalk/ backside 9. With teamwork we are able to multiply our output.
foot hole footnote 10. The room was looking bright with the colourful wallpaper.
Affixes (Prefix & Suffix) (For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg.No. 84 - 85)
F. (i) Form new words by adding appropriate prefix/suffix: (ii) Frame sentences of your own using
1. accurate inaccurate , accuracy any five newly formed words.
2. understand misunderstand , understanding
3. practice practical , impractical , malpractice 1. Raja misunderstood me for a lawyer.
4. technology bio-technology, technologist, technological 2. Stephen is a well-known computer
5. fashion fashionable , fashionate technologist.
6. different indifferent , difference , differentiate
7. child childish , childhood , childlike 3. We never forget our childhood days.
8. national nationally , nationality , international 4. Wipro is an international company.
9. origin originally , originality , originate
5. Reading books is an enjoyable hobby.
10. enjoy enjoyment , enjoyable
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G. Fill in the blanks by adding appropriate prefix/suffix to the words given in brackets.
1. He was sleeping comfortably in his couch. (comfort)
2. Kavya rides a bicycle to school. (cycle)
3. There was only a handful of people in the theatre. (hand)
4. It is illegal to cut sandalwood trees. (legal)
5. The arrival of the President has been expected for the last half an hour. (arrive)
6. The man behaved abnormally in front of the crowd. (normal)
7. Swathy had no intention of visiting the doctor. (intend)
8. The bacteria are so small that you need a microscope to see them. (scope)
Linkers/ Connectors (For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg.No.: 104 - 105)
A. Complete the sentences given below choosing the right connectors given in brackets.
1. Call me in case you need money. (so that, in order that, in case)
2. I forgot that I had to meet the Principal. (whether, that, if)
3. Though he is ninety years old, he is in the pink of health. (when, since, though)
4. It is raining. Take an umbrella or else you will get drenched. (or else, and, but)
5. They faced many hardships nevertheless they are always cheerful. (although, nevertheless, otherwise)
B. Fill in the blanks with the connector that goes with the underlined words.
1. Both the minister and the officers visited the affected areas.
2. Jaya teaches not only English but also Science.
3. Either Raghu or Bala will have to buy vegetables from the market.
4. No sooner did I enter the house than it started drizzling.
C. Combine the pairs of sentences using appropriate connectors.
Question Answer
1. We came late. We did not miss the train. 1. Though we came late, we did not miss the train.
2. They checked the packet twice. Then they 2. They checked the packet twice and then they
sealed it. sealed it.
3. As soon as Sita saw a snake, she ran away. (or) Sita
3. Sita saw a snake. At once she ran away.
saw a snake and at once she ran away.
4. Robert completed the project. He 4. Robert completed the project and submitted it to
submitted it to the teacher. the teacher.
5. As Yusuf was running high temperature, he could not take
5. Yusuf was running high temperature. He
part in the competition. (or) Yusuf was running high
could not take part in the competition.
temperature and so he could not take part in the competition.
D. Tick the correct linker.
1. Though he was honest, he was punished. 2. Walk carefully otherwise you will fall down.
3. My mother called me while I was playing football.
4. My salary is low nevertheless I find the work interesting.
5. The passengers rushed to board the bus as soon as it arrived.
E. Supply suitable linkers.
1. “When I was alive and had a human heart,” answered the statue, “I did not know what tears were,
for I lived in the palace where sorrow was not allowed to enter. My courtiers called me the Happy
Prince and happy indeed I was. So I lived and so I died.
2. Many writers make incorrect sentences when they try to put sentences together. They may make
grammatical errors and leave out important punctuation marks. Making such mistakes is quite
common while preparing the first draft. So he must carefully edit his final draft.
3. In most large cities and towns of our country, there are special schools for girls. Moreover / And
also, there are many co-educational schools where girls and boys study together. Most parents allow
their daughters to attend these schools, but there are some parents who are against such schools for
girls after the age of 14 or 15.
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F. Rearrange the words in the correct order to make meaningful sentences.
1. I am as healthy as you are. 2. Since today is your birthday, put on the new dress.
3. Though Rani is allergic to dogs, she has six of them.
4. Ruben speaks two languages besides German. 5. If you apply for a loan, you will get it immediately.
Nominalisation
G. Write the noun forms of the following words.
Word Noun forms Word Noun forms
1. beautiful beauty 6. zealous zeal
2. breathe breath 7. familiar familiarity
3. enter entry 8. accept acceptance
4. know knowledge 9. dangerous danger
5. deafen deaf
H. Complete the following sentences using the noun form of the words given in brackets
1. The boy had to give a proper explanation for being late. (explain)
2. They could make prediction about the future. (predict)
3. At one point in life, he had no choice but to trust his friend. (choose)
4. The monuments are to be preserved because of their historical significance. (significant)
5. It is very difficult to work with so many distractions. (distract)
I. Rewrite the sentences nominalising the underlined words. The first one has been done for you.
1. We succeeded in our attempt. 1. We got success in our attempt.
2. Nalini leads a happy life. 2. Nalini has happiness in her life.
3. She failed and it disappointed her. 3. Her failure gave her disappointment.
4. India became an independent country in the year 1947. 4. India got independence in the year 1947.
5. The child resembles her father. 5. The child has a resemblance to her father.
J. Combine the pairs of sentences given below into a single sentence using the noun form.
1. He is an honest person. Everyone likes him. 1. Everyone likes him for his honesty.
2. Sathya gave an explanation. The police wanted 2. Though Sathya gave an explanation, the police
her to prove it. wanted the proof.
3. He speaks well. It attracts all. 3. His speech is an attraction to all.
4. Suresh is always punctual and regular. It has 4. Punctuality and regularity of Suresh have
earned him a good job. earned him a good job.
5. The policeman arrived quickly. It made us happy. 5. The quick arrival of the policeman made us happy.
K. Complete the sentences in the paragraph using the appropriate form of words given in brackets.
1. My sister wanted to go to Mumbai last week. She made a decision (decide) to buy a ticket at
once. As reservation (reserve) could be done online, she gave preference (prefer) to book a
ticket that way. First, she collected information (inform) about the arrival (arrive) and
departure (depart) of trains and airplanes.
2. A few days later, Androcles was captured by his master. He had to suffer all kinds of punishment
(punish). At last, he was thrown to a lion which was in great hunger (hungry). It had been kept in an
enclosure (enclose) and had not been fed for several days. His friends stood there with tearful (tear)
eyes as the lion rushed towards him. The lion stopped near him and stood for a while looking (look)
at him. Then it lay down by his side like a pet dog. Obviously (obvious), the lion recognized
Androcles and the help (help) he had given it. *(looking-gerund; obviously-adverb)
Phrases and Clauses
L. Identify the phrases in the following sentences and classify them as Adjective, Adverb or Noun phrases.
1. The girl in blue saree is my sister. - Adjective phrase
2. Kohli hopes to win the trophy. - Noun phrase
3. The train halts at every junction. - Adverb phrase
4. I have never seen such a picture. - Noun phrase
5. She worked in an enthusiastic manner. - Adverb phrase
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M. Identify the clauses and classify them accordingly.
1. Ram bought a pen that doesn’t write well. - Adjective clause
2. Come back as soon as possible. - Adverb phrase
3. Most of her friends, whom she had invited, attended her wedding. - Noun clause
4. My brother visits my father whenever he comes to Chennai. - Adverb clause
5. Call me in case there is an emergency. - Adverb clause
6. Until the sun sets, the old woman cannot step out of her house. - Adverb clause
7. She knows where I go. - Noun clause
8. You can go wherever you want - Adverb clause
N. Fill in the blanks.
1. Log into your IRCTC account. 2. Fill in the information asked to you in Book your ticket section.
3. The starting point and destination of your journey must also be selected.
4. List of available trains will appear.
5. You must check on the ‘check availability’ and fare for the train of your choice.
6. Your personal details like name, date of birth, berth preference, mobile number, any valid ID
proof and e-mail are a must.
7. After filling information and captcha click on continue booking.
8. You can make the payment either by credit card/ debit card or e-wallets.
O. Take roles and conduct a Mock Press Conference.
i) Mr. Anand Tony, director of the award-winning movie ‘Poo’, is meeting the press. Take turns to
be the director and media persons. Conduct a perfect discussion.
Director : Welcome to our press conference. The movie ‘Poo’ has won many awards
nationally and internationally with your support.
Media person 1 : I feel strongly that portraying women in good light has won recognition in our
society. Do you think Maari’s love last even after her marriage?
Director : I believe that the love of Maari for Thangarasu is pure and true. Moreover, she
wants to visit Thangarasu at the village festival even after her marriage.
Media person 2 : The problem with your point of view is that she loves Thangarasu instead of her
husband Karuppasamy.
Director : Look at the facts that she loves Thangarasu and wants to marry him. But for
Thangarasu’s happiness, she is ready to sacrifice her.
Media person 3 : Are you sure that she loves Thangarasu whole-heartedly?
Director : Certainly. It’s clear that she loves him. That’s why she tells her mother frankly
that she wants to meet Thangarasu at the village festival.
Media person 4 : So, what you are saying is that, the heroine is honest to her husband.
Director : My own view is that the awards are for the honesty and innocence of the heroine.
Media person 5 : Yes. that’s true. I agree.
Director : Thank you.
ii) Ms. Pavithra Rao, the squash player who won the gold medal at the recent Asian Games, is holding
a press conference. Let the discussion focus more on the strategies that helped her to win.
Ms.Pavithra Rao : Welcome to our press conference. Feel free to interact with me.
Media person1 : What would be the foremost strategy for your success in the Asian Games?
Ms.Pavithra Rao : Varying speed and direction of the serve is the most important strategy.
Media person3 : So, what you are saying is that, varying speed and direction of the serve play a
vital role in winning the medal.
Ms.Pavithra Rao : Definitely. It’s clear from the examples in the past. Successful squash players
followed the strategies, to win.
Media person4 : Don’t you think that varying the pace of the shots to reduce predictability is
helpful while playing?
Ms. Pavithra Rao : I feel strongly that the presence of mind and skilful strategies are significant.
Media person5 : Have you considered any other tactics in the game?
Ms.Pavithra Rao : I don’t think I’d say that a particular skill alone is enough. So be focused,
confident, & practice regularly to grab your success. Thank you.
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iii) GL Home Appliances has introduced a product to purify salt water. The CEO of the company has
agreed to meet the press to launch their new product.
CEO : Welcome to our press conference. GL Home Appliances have introduced a
product to purify salt water. GL Home Appliances have satisfied the customers
so far. Hope it would too satisfy now.
Media person1 : No doubt. GL Home Appliances has reached out to the people of all kinds in
cities. Have you considered the rural area and the affordability of the people?
CEO : Of course. Our new product to purify salt water is user-friendly and cost-effective.
I am sure people will love to use it.
Media person2 : But that’s not the point. All may not be comfortable to use it unless you show a
demo of the product.
CEO : Look at the facts and feedbacks of the people who have already used it. Definitely.
It’s clear that feedbacks from the users are supportive to thrive on our business.
Media person4 : I doubt if there was any difference from other brands.
CEO : Strikingly differences range from design to capacity and cost of the product.
Media person5 : I get it. Your product goes well with the taste of the customers.
CEO : My own view is that the product fulfils the needs of people.
Media person 6 : So, what you are saying is true and right.
READING (TB - Pg.No.: 111)
P. Answer the following questions:
1. The coach taught him the basics of the sport as well as special ways to improve and excel.
2. The child learnt the value of finishing what he started and the joy of personal accomplishment.
3. The child changed from a timid, doubting player to a strong, happy player willing to give all for the team.
4. a) things that the coach taught were the basics of the sport as well as special ways to improve and excel.
b) transformation in the child was from doubting child to a strong happy player willing to give all
for the team.
c) things that amazed the writer were the skills taught by the coach would last a lifetime.
5. a) The parent’s earlier view of the child - timid and doubting child .
b) One of the qualities of the teacher - Individual attention and wise approach.
c) Words related to the prize - medals, trophies and ribbons.
Q. Prepare notice for the following (For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg.No.: 147 -149)
R. Write an article for the following:
*(Since it is an exercise for article writing, there is no need to write in a letter style)
i) You are Jansi/Avinash of Class X studying in GHSS, Chengalpet. You believe that physical
activities improve our health and reduce the risk of sickness. It has got immediate and long
term benefits. Write an article in not more than 150-200 words for your school magazine
stressing the importance of physical activities in a student’s day to day life.
A Sound Mind in a Sound Body
- By Jansi/Avinash
Class X
The proverb A Sound Mind in a Sound Body insists on both healthy body and stable
mind. A person’s health is a combination of physical, mental and social well being. A healthy body
is essential for a healthy mind. First and foremost, everyone should be health- conscious. Good
health is ensured by a balanced diet and good exercise. Balanced diet supports our body avoiding
excessive fats, minerals, salts, etc. Physical activity or exercise enhances our health and provides
us happiness. The second asset of a well composed person is mental health. Cognitive functions are
ensured by the stability of one’s mind. Yoga is invariably advisable to be a mentally balanced
person. It enhances and reinforces concentration and attention at a task in hand.
Both physically and mentally stable persons possess a positive attitude towards life. They
become socially responsible, individually productive and globally connected. They are constructive,
creative, optimistic, and innovative throughout their life. The world is in need of such people. To sum
up, physically strong people possess mental health and are sociable. Hence, all people must be health
conscious and avoid all sorts of diseases that are the fruits of idleness and sluggishness.
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ii) The service provided by the conservancy workers in your city is very poor. You find all the
street corners dumped with garbage thrown by the residents of the locality. It is a menace for
the public at large. You are Ramya/Rajan of Class X, studying in TM Model School,
Dharmapuri. Write an article in about 150-200 words to the editor of The Indian Express,
about this and suggest ways by which the situation could be improved.
Cleanliness is Next to Godliness
- By Ramya/Rajan
Class X
TM Model School, Dharmapuri
The proverb ‘Cleanliness is Next to Godliness’ indicates that cleanliness leads to the health
of humanity. Maintaining cleanliness provides hygiene and good health to the people. Everyone is
responsible for such a noble task. Residential areas are to be strictly kept clean whereas in our city
heaps of garbage are found in the densely populated areas. Unclean and untidy streets cause health
hazards to the inhabitants. Undeniably, vendors dispose off the waste wherever they set up a
business. Residents of the city dump the waste on bins. Dogs and cattle squatter upon the waste and
consume it. Garbage is hazardous to one’s health and the surroundings.
Hospitals, schools and industries become the target of such nuisance in our city. Pedestrians
throw litter along the streets and roads. People, young and old defecate on roads and streets polluting
the environment. The mounds of garbage near schools and hospitals pose a great threat to the health
of the residents. Nauseating stench all over the city is a menace to the wellbeing of the city dwellers.
Heaps of garbage, lying around remain uncleared for weeks. They are the breeding place for
mosquitoes that cause diseases such as Dengue fever, Malaria, Hepatitis, Dysentery and Typhoid
Grievances have been submitted to the officers. Government’s apathy in maintaining
congested traffic, controlling dust pollution and fixing filthy potholes is intolerable. Increasing
garbage leads to environmental degradation and it also affects our health. To fight against the
worsening conditions, regular clearance of garbage is necessary. The city administration must pump
men and machines into action. Cleanliness Awareness programmers should be organized in the city.
More men and women should be employed to carry out the task. I sincerely, request your
intervention to keep the city clean and green.
iii) Recently while returning home from school you were knocked down by a speeding
motorcycle. You escaped with minor injuries. You are Kishore/Kavitha of class XI, studying
in GHSS, Coimbatore. Write an article to The Hindu, in about 150-200 words expressing
your concern about the increasing number of road accidents due to reckless driving. Also
stress the importance of following traffic rules.
Importance of Road Safety Rules
- By Kishore/ Kavitha
Class XI
GHSS, Coimbatore.
Accidents have become a day-to-day affair. Whether on national highways or city roads, most
of the accidents are either due to reckless driving or negligence of road safety rules. Besides, the
increase in the number of vehicles causes traffic jam. It is to be regulated. Road safety and accidents
are crucial issues of today. Almost every day people face accidents, sometimes causing death. In
spite of observing road safety, every year, people are ignorant of the rules and impatient while
driving. Most of the accidents are caused due to reckless driving. Impatient, negligent drivers
overlook the safety rules and speed up their vehicles causing confusion in the traffic.
Highway drivers drive as fast as they can, assuming no hurdles on their way. Rail roads, bypass
roads, bordering villages are dangerous due to the cattle crossing. To avoid accidents, immense
attention is required while driving. Drivers and pedestrians should strictly follow the safety rules in
order to avoid deadly accidents. Safety rules, awareness programmes should be organised at school
and college levels. Each panchayat, municipality and city corporation should spread road safety
awareness among people. Importance of wearing helmets and seatbelts must be emphasized. Road
safety rules should be displayed along the roads as reminders. Let us all join together and spread
awareness about road accidents and the importance of following road safety rules to save humanity.
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Prose - 5
TECH BLOOMERS
(njhopy;El;gj;jhy; kyu;gtu;fs;)

VOCABULARY (TB - Pg.No.: 131-133)
Abbreviation & Acronyms (For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg.No. 86 - 87)
C. Pick out the contractions from the lesson and expand them.
Contractions Expansions Contractions Expansions
that’s that is / that has Don’t Do not
I’m I am didn’t did not
you’re you are can’t cannot
It’s It is / It has I’d, we’d I would, we would
she’s she has they’re they are
D. Expand the following abbreviations or acronyms.
1. SIM Subscriber Identification Module 7. MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
2. ISRO Indian Space Research Organization 8. CRY Child Rights and You
3. WHO World Health Organization 9. RAM Random Access Memory
4. CCTV Closed-Circuit Television 10. ROM Read-Only-Memory
5. HDMI High-Definition Multimedia Interface 11. CPU Central Processing Unit
6. LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated 12. ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit
Emission of Radiation
E. Complete the sentences with the correct abbreviations or acronyms from the given list.
1. My dad wakes up very early in the morning because he has to be at work at 6.00 a.m.
2. Socrates, the famous Classical Greek Athenian philosopher, died in 399 BCE
3. Leonardo Da Vinci was a famous Italian polymath, a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician,
a scientist etc.
4. I usually return home from work at 10.30 p.m.
5. John downloaded a clip from YouTube in HD quality.
6. There are many irregular verbs in the English language, e.g. break, do, make.
7. I’m watching a great football match, Barcelona vs Real Madrid.
8. Humans who dive without protection can survive 300 m under water.
9. A 11-year-old girl just beat Einstein on an IQ test.
10. We used the GPS facility to track the location.
F. Listen to the passage and state whether the statements are true (T), false (F) or no information (N)?
1. False (Reason : Santhiya is not crazy about her mobile phone but she feel safe when she have it with her.)
2. *No information 3. False (Reason : Santhiya got it from her parents for her birthday two years back.)
4. True 5. True 6. *No information
7. False (Reason : Santhiya can use her mobile phone to connect to the Internet and look through the
news or read emails) 8. True
9. False (Reason :Santhiya always keeps it in her bag or in her pocket so her parents and her friends
can always call her.)
10. False (Reason : Santhiya is not crazy about her mobile phone but she feels safe when she have it with her.)
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G. Listen to the passage again and answer the questions.
1. Santhiya keeps her mobile in her bag or in her pocket.
2. Santhiya uses her mobile to contact her parents and friends whenever she wants and vice versa. She
uses it to calculate, connect to the Internet and looks through the news or reads her emails.
3. Santhiya went cycling with her friend on a holiday a year ago.
4. It started raining. Her friend fell off her bike and broke her leg.
5. Santhiya immediately telephoned for help. A doctor arrived just in time.
H. Complete the sentences. 1. call/contact 2. information file 3. help 4. ring 5. safe
SPEAKING (TB - Pg.No.: 135)
I. Prepare on any one of the topics given below and present before your English teacher.
 Prepare a welcome address on the occasion of Republic Day celebration.
Warm greetings and a very warm welcome to all of you present here, with a special mention of
our Honourable chief guest, principal, vice principal and all teachers. It gives me immense pleasure
to deliver the welcome address on this auspicious occasion. We are here to celebrate one of the most
significant events in the History of India. We have gathered to celebrate the 70 th Republic day, an
event that is cherished by all Indians regardless of age, caste or creed. India got its independence
from the British on 15th August 1947. Our Constitution became effective on 26 th Jan 1950 which we
all celebrate as the Republic Day. I take this opportunity to salute the valiant members of our armed
and para-military forces who safeguard the territorial integrity unmindful of their lives. Let us all
gratefully recall the sacrifice of millions of freedom fighters and unsung martyrs, who laid down
their lives so that we are a free Republic nation today. They have laid down their lives for the future
generation to live freely without any struggle.
“Ask not what your country can do for you,
Ask what you can do for your country”
Let us join hands in eliminating crime, corruption, violence, poverty, unemployment and slavery that
are holding our country back from moving towards main stream development. Every individual should
make an effort to transform our country into a different place altogether. Thank You
 Prepare a Vote of thanks on the occasion of Independence Day celebration.
The best and beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even be touched. They must be felt
by heart. “Thank you” is one such virtue among them. I consider it a great privilege to propose the
vote of thanks to all the dignitaries who have witnessed this independence day celebration a
successful and joyful event. I take this opportunity to thankfully remember all our freedom fighters
who fought for our well being. We must be grateful to them for without their sacrifices we would
have been living a life of struggles. I fall short of words to express my heartfelt gratitude to our chief
guest who graced us with his address on the brave deeds of our leaders who fought for our nation’s
freedom. I extend my gratitude to our principal who was the source of energy behind this celebration.
Heart felt thanks to all our teachers who always stand by us, guide us and motivate us. I thank all the
organizers for their co-operative work and support. Last but not least I thank all the students for being
a cheerful and lively audience. Thank you.
 Mock anchoring for annual day celebration (mwptpg;ghsh; Nghy th;zid nra;)
Good Morning Ladies and Gentlemen! A warm welcome to our Chief Guest, teachers, organisers
and of course my dear friends.
Event : 1 Invocation to Goddess Tamil: Looks like we have a spectacular Weather, let’s thank god
Almighty for that. Let us start this program with the invocation of our Tamil Goddess. I request all
of you to stand for that. (Everyone sings Tamil Goddess’s Invocation)
Thank you. I, Amanda shall be your host for the day. I consider this opportunity a great pleasure. On
behalf of the management, I heartily welcome you all to this wonderful program which will create
some beautiful memories for us all. We feel honoured to have amidst us, our vibrant chief guest, who
has graced us with her presence today. Without much delay let’s open our hearts to the joy to come.
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Event : 2 Welcome Address: I call upon Abdullah of class 10 to deliver the welcome address.
(Abdullah delivers the welcome address) Thank you Abdullah.
Event : 3 Annual Report: An annual report will now be read by our respected Principal. (Principal reads
the annual report) Thank you Ma’m. Our achievements don’t stop these, they will continue to bloom.
Event : 4 Chief Guest Address: Every one is awaiting for our honourable chief Guest’s address. I
invite him on behalf our institution. Welcome Sir/Madam. (Chief Guest’s Address)
Thank you sir. We are fortunate to have your guidance and support.
Event : 5 Song: Now this is the time, we have been eagerly waiting since morning. Now prepare
yourselves to be drenched in melody, for Sheela of class ‘12’ is going to captivate our hearts with
her enchanting song. (Sheela sings a song) Thank you Sheela. The song is still echoing in our hearts.
Event : 6 Dance:
“We dance for laughters, We dance for hope
We are the dancers, We create dreams.”
Next we have a dance performance by Mugil of class ‘8’. I’m sure she will cast a spell on us with
her elegant steps. (Mugil dances) Thank you Mugil. That was indeed a spell casting dance, pure
elegance combined with passion.
Event : 7 Special drama:
“Dramas are created to tell the truth about life”
Here we have a thought-provoking drama by David and his team, Go ahead and entertain us. (David
team’s Drama goes on) Thank you friends. It was fabulous! You made us think and you have
enlightened us.
Event : 8 Vote of Thanks:
“Gratitude is the fairest blossom that springs from the soul”
Tamilarasn of class 12 will propose a vote of thanks. (Tamilarasan proposes vote of thanks)
Thank you Tamilarasan. Now I request all of you to stand up for the National Anthem.
 Collect images of some electronic gadgets and play a JAM (just a minute) game by picking one
image and talking for a minute about it in your classroom.
Hi friends, I’m about to talk about washing machine. Anyone can use a
washing machine. All they have to do is to put the clothes in water of machine and
push the button, the work is done. It is a time saver. In the sense it does not consume
much time to wash the clothes. In times of sickness, a person can use it to wash all
their clothes instead of hiring anyone to do all that. But Washing machines consume
a large amount of water compared with manual washing. Electricity charges go up
when it’s used continuously. Washing clothes is a great exercise to the body. But
with the advent of washing machine, people lack such exercises. So use washing
machine only when you really need it, or else go with manual washing.
READING (TB - Pg.No.: 136-139)
J. Read the comic strip and answer the following questions.
1. Cyber safety is the safe and responsible use of information and communication Technologies (ICT)
available in internet. 2. Users must follow internet ethics at all costs. Internet ethics is a set of moral
principles that regulate the use of the internet. Common issues of internet ethics include intellectual
property rights (Eg: Copyright electronic content), Privacy concerns and how computer affects society.
3. Internet users can read and access information free of cost but they must not claim it as their own.
“Internet is a privilege and not a right.” 4. No, not all the information available online can be used without
permission. While it is easy to duplicate copyright electronic content, internet ethics would suggest that it
is wrong to do so without the author’s approval. After getting the author’s permission the copyright content
can be used. 5. I access www.waytosuccess.org frequently because it has many free study materials, model
question papers, standard wise unit tests, many video tutorials & motivational videos.
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E-Mail Writing
K. Fill in the missing words in this email. L. Write an email to your teacher about the
Dear sir, interesting English model that you have
In regards/response to your mail, I have prepared for the literary fest.
prepared a model for the Science Fest. Please find To : *****@gmail.com
corrections in the mail/attachment for your kind CC : ………………………
perusal. I look forward to hear from you. BCC : ...…………………….
Sincerely Subject : English model for the Literary
Amudha.S Fest by Jenifer
Message Writing Dear Madam,
M. Practice Exercise Ma’am, I’m Jenifer, a student from class
You are the receptionist of your school. Your 10. With regards to your announcement on
Headmaster instructs you to send a message to all literary Fest, I’m really interested to take part
the parents of class ten to attend a PTA (Parent in it. So I put all my efforts in making a very
Teacher Association) meeting which is to be held interesting English model for the fest. I name
on 22.12.2019 it ‘Grammar Flip Book’. It includes almost 10
18.11.2019
Grammar topics described in an elaborate &
Dear Parents,
The Head Master of our school has directed easy manner. I showed it to my parents and
me to send a message regarding the PTA meet friends, they appreciated me. I can’t wait to
nd
which is to be held on 22 of December. You show it to you ma’am.
are requested to kindly attend it, as it can help Sincerely Yours,
you to track your child’s progress in academics Jenifer. Ph.No.: ***********
and performance in co-curricular activities.
Afrin Banu.
CREATIVE WRITING (TB - Pg.No.: 141)
N. Write about Your Favourite Sports person/ Famous personality/Hobby/ Recipe by starting
your own blog.
(SEP – 2021)
To Create your own blog,
 scan QR here
 Go to the website www.blogger.com
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Pronouns
A. Write the words that can replace Ravi, Rani, woman, luggage and the dog when we use them for the
second and subsequent times in the passage.
Ravi  He Rani, the woman She the luggage, the dog  It These words are called Personal pronouns
B. Fill in the gaps with personal pronouns.
Kumaravel lives in Thiruvannamalai. He is a doctor. All the people like him because of his helping nature. His
hospital is located at Car street and most of his patients are poor. So he does not charge much money. His daughter
goes to school. She studies in 5th Standard. Her teachers love her very much. Her friends are also very good.
They always encourage her. They have given her good advice. Her mother is also a teacher. She always
encourages her to keep on studying. I also like her as she often comes to my house. One day she told my mother
that she wanted to learn cooking. My mother taught her cooking. Now, she cooks well.
C. Fill in the gaps with appropriate Pronouns.
1. This/ That is an excellent opportunity. 2. Either/ Neither/ Each of these two students can solve this question.
3. These/ Those books have been written by a great Indian writer.
4. I/ They/ We have come to know the truth. 5. Some/ All/ Few of the students have passed the exam.
6. Some/ All/ Few of your friends can guide you. 7. This is your story based on your real life.
8. All your friends will guide you. 9. Some of his family members would come to visit you.
10. None/ Some of those books will be helpful to you. 11. It/This is your bag, you can take it anytime.
12. He himself is responsible for the downfall of his life.
D. Join the sentences using ‘Relative Pronouns’:
1. I have a book. It is written by Rabindranath Tagore. Ans: I have a book which/ that is written by Rabindranath Tagore.
2. Kavita is my teacher. She teaches us English. Ans: Kavita is my teacher who teaches us English.
3. This is Varun. His father is an architect. Ans: This is Varun whose father is an architect.
4. She invited most of her friends. They attended the party. Ans: She invited most of her friends who attended the party.
5. Give me the pen to write a letter. It was gifted to you on your birthday.
Ans: Give me the pen which/ that was gifted to you on your birthday to write a letter.
6. I have sold the house. It was located on the bank of a river.
Ans: I have sold the house which/ that was located on the bank of a river.
7. Here is your watch. It has been found in the garden. Ans: Here is your watch which/ that has been found in the garden.
Direct and Indirect (For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg.No. 111 -119)
E. Read the different verb forms where they remain the same in the direct and indirect speech in the
following cases. Fill in the blanks with missing indirect speech.
1. I will never go to work.  Kavi says that she will never go to work .
2. People in Africa are starving.  Alisha said that people in Africa were starving.
3. I would try it.  Vinoth said that he would try it.
4. They had better go.  Sophia said that they had had better go.
5. When I was staying in Madurai I met my best friend.
 Jaheer said that When he was staying in Madurai, he met his best friend.
6. We must do it in June.  He said that they must do it in June/ they had to do it in June.
F. Read the following dialogue and report it.
Johnson asked Suganthi what she was doing there. And he said that he had not seen her since
June. Suganthi explained that she had just come back from her holiday in Ooty. Johnson wondered if
she had enjoyed it. Suganthi told him that she loved Ooty and added that the people had been so
friendly. Johnson wanted to know if/ whether she had gone to the Coakers Walk. Suganthi said that it
had been her first trip and that she could show him some pictures. And then she asked him if he was
doing anything the following day/the next day. Johnson explained that he must arrange/ had to
arrange a couple of things. But he added that he was free at night. Suganthi suggested that he might
come to her place and asked him at what time they could meet. Johnson said that he would be there
at eight. And finally he asked if/whether it was all right.
G. Tick the right choice (Indirect Speech).
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
1. “Who took my English book?” He was curious to know who b) had taken his English book.
2. “Where does Helen live?” Jim wants to know where b) Helen lives.
3. “Why do volcanoes erupt?” She wondered why a) volcanoes erupt.
4. “Do you know why she is unhappy?” He asked me if d) I knew why she was unhappy.
5. “How many photos have you got?” He wants to know how many d) photos I have got.
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Prose - 6
THE LAST LESSON
(filrpg;ghlk;)
Alphonse Daudet

VOCABULARY (TB - Pg.No.:167)
Idiomatic Phrases (For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg.No. 88 - 90)
C. Match idiomatic phrases with D. Frame sentences of your own using the above idiomatic
equivalent single word meanings: phrases (Phrasal verbs).
A B Answer Sentence
go far reveal succeed Every one was sure, he would go far.
blow up submit explode The car blew up, as soon as it hit the wall.
show up explode reveal I invited him for 8 o’ clock, but he didn’t show up until 9.30.
require We are able to call on academic staff with a wide variety of
call on succeed
/ visit expertise. / He’s planning to call on Catherine today.
break off finish finish He started speaking and broke off in the middle of the sentence.
knuckle under require/visit submit He won’t knuckle under to their demands.
E. Given below are some idiomatic phrases. Find the meaning of it using the dictionary:
A B
Phrase Meaning Phrase Meaning
put on wear (Mil mzpjy;) walk away go (tpyfpr;nry;)
come in enter (cs;Ns Eiojy;) time out rest (Neuk; Kbe;jJ)
try again repeat (jpUk;gr;nra;) go on continue (njhlU)

F. Listen to the article titled “Remembering Nel Jayaraman”
Student B : ( NJ) - We organize the NEL festival at Adhirangam Village in Thiruvarur .
Student A : (Interviewer) - Can you mention how many people congregated for the meeting ?
Student B : (NJ) - Nearly 5000 people congregated for the meeting .
Student A : (Interviewer) - What did you distribute to the farmers?
Student B : (NJ) - I distributed traditional Paddy seeds to the farmers .
Student A : (Interviewer) - How did you commute to each of these villages?
Student B : (NJ) - I used my cycle or take a bus to commute to those Villages .
Student A : (Interviewer) - Sir, Do you plan your schedules ?
Student B : ( NJ) - No, I don’t plan my schedules.
Student A : (Interviewer) - How could you remain so cool and calm sir?
Student B : ( NJ) - I have an alternative solution for all the problems.
Student A : (Interviewer) - Where was your heart and soul?
Student B : (NJ) - My heart and soul was always in the fields and seeds.
Student A : (Interviewer) - People say when your popularity grew, you spent less time in the field ?
Student B : (NJ) - I have spent my entire life in the fields only. I never care for any negative comments.
Student A : (Interviewer) - What is your message to the world ?
Student B : (NJ) - If you work selflessly for the society, it will give back.
Student A : (Interviewer) - Thank you, Sir.
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G. Answer the questions that follow with the help of the road map. Work in pairs and discuss to give
directions to get to one place from another.
(For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg. No.: 128 - 129)
READING (TB - Pg.No.: 169, 170)
H. Read the poem carefully and answer the questions that follow:
1. (a) festival of Light (b) The joy of giving 2. The Joy of giving is unfurled during the festival of sacrifice. 3. We can
celebrate the festivals well and nice and make our life worth living. 4. Since it is decorated with colourful flowers, it is
called as festival of flowers. 5. We are in a state of trance, during the festival of dance. 6. The people sing the joyous
lyric, when the festival of music is celebrated. 7. According to the poet, festival of love makes us happy and free.
8. abab 9. harvest-best, light-delight, dance-trance, music - lyric, flowers- colours 10. (a) Festival of Flowers - Festival,
Flowers (‘F’ Sound is alliterated) (b) That spreads treasures on a tree - Treasures, tree (‘T’ sound is alliterated)
Poster Making
I. Create posters for following.
1. You are Raja/ Ranjani. Draft a poster to 2. Say ‘No to Drugs’ - Design a poster for it in
create awareness about the harmful effects of not more than 50 words. You may use slogans/
using plastics, in not more than 50 words. phrases.
3. “Save our Earth” is the need of the hour.

4. You are Sita/ Sudhan. Design a poster in not
Draft a poster with attractive slogans/
more than 50 words to focus on not wasting
phrases for the same in not more than 50
water. Be creative.
words. Use attractive drawings.
5. Good handwriting is the index of an individual. Design a poster on the importance of good
handwriting. Use catchy slogans or phrases. Your poster should not exceed 50 words.
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J. Draft Letters for the following (For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg.No.: 137 - 146)
Subject-Verb agreement
A. Fill in the blanks appropriately.
1. Mahatma Gandhi is the father of our nation.
2. There are ten dogs in my street.
3. They have to write the exercises neatly.
4. Buttermilk is good for health.
5. Fruits are good for health.
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate verb.
1. The quality of dal is not good.
2. The horse carriage is at the door.
3. My friend and teacher have come.
(If two singular nouns refer to same person, “My friend and teacher has come.”)
4. Are your father and mother at home?
5. Honour and glory is his reward.
6. The ship with its crew is sailing good.
7. Gulliver’s Travels is an excellent story.
8. Neither food nor water is found here.
9. Mathematics is a branch of study.
10. Fifteen minutes is allowed to read the question paper.
C. Change the singular nouns to plurals by either adding ‘s’, ‘ies’, ‘es’, ‘ves
1. leaf - leaves 6. lamp - lamps
2. lorry - lorries 7. doll - dolls
3. bat - bats 8. biscuit - biscuits
4. clock - clocks 9. knife - knives
5. table - tables 10. loaf - loaves
Non-finites
D. Identify the non-finites in the following sentences and underline them
1. Roshan dreams of becoming an architect.
2. We must aim at fulfilling Dr A P J Abdul kalam’s dream to make India the most developed country
by 2020.
3. Taking the children to the museum is Seema’s responsibility.
4. Having finished the work, the manager decided to return home.
5. Travelling with her family, Tara enjoyed every minute of it.
E. Fill in the blanks with the correct alternative.
1. Having played on the flute, Krishna returned it. (played/ having played)
2. We wish she continues being healthy. (being/ be)
3. The doctor advised him against wandering in the sun. (wander/ wandering)
4. I like drinking rasam. (drinking/ drink)
5. Having used the scissors, I returned it to her. (using/ having used)
F. Tick the correct sentences:
A B
1 I had desired to eat a cake.  I had desired to have eaten cake.
2 My son is fond of music.  My son is fond to music.
3 Sreena avoids eating fruits.  Sreena avoids to eat fruits.
4 Bravery is not to pick a quarrel. Bravery is not picking a quarrel. 
5 It is easier to say than do. It is easier said than done. 
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Prose - 7
THE DYING DETECTIVE
(rhFk; Jg;gwpthsh;)
Arthur Conan Doyle

VOCABULARY (TB - Pg.No.: 194, 195)
Homophones
C. Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct options given.
1. Niteesh bought a new (knew/ new) cricket bat.
2. The shepherd heard (herd/ heard) the cry of his sheep.
3. Lakshmi completed her baking course (course/ coarse) successfully.
4. Priya has broken her fore (four/ fore) limbs.
5. Leaders of the world must work towards peace (peace/ piece) of the human race.
D. Complete the tabular column by finding the meaning of both the words given in the boxes. Use
them in sentences of your own.
Word & its Meaning Example Sentences
lost (v) - unable to be found I have lost my ticket./ She lost her mother.
last(adj) - coming at the end/final At the last moment, he changed his mind.
paused (v) - stopped for a short time She paused to get her breath back and then carried on
passed (v) - approved jogging./ The Assembly passed the money bill.
pitcher (n) - a round container for liquid He poured water into the pitcher./ He brought a
picture (n) - a drawing or painting pitcher of water./ Raja painted a picture of my dog.

E. Listen to the story and answer the questions given below.
1. d) in Ms. Gervis' apartment 2. a) She is upset. 3. c) The windows have not been used for months.
4. d) nothing 5. d) “And the robber certainly did not use the front door.” 6. d) She gives them away.
7. a) Ms. Gervis will start baking cakes again
8. Yes, I like mysteries. My favourite kind of story is a fairy tale. It is a folklore genre. That takes the
form of a short story. In a fairy tale, we can read fictional characters like dwarfs, dragons, fairies, giants,
mermaids, talking animals, unicorns and witches. These features add colour to the story and trigger the
children’s imagination. Fantasies used in fairy tales create interest in the readers. The Walt Disney
company has had a significant impact on the evolution of fairy tale film. Fairy tales like Sleeping beauty,
Snow White and Seven Dwarfs, Cindrella, Beauty and the Beast are favourite stories for ever. Fairy
tales teach children how to deal with certain social situations and help them to find their place in society.
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SPEAKING (TB - Pg.No.: 197)
F. Exercise 1. Present the review of a movie that you have watched recently.
Review: 2.0
2.0 is one of the best movies in recent times. The movie is a science fiction that takes the
commercial route to entertain us. Director Shankar always experiments high-concept movies like
Robot (2010, Tamil title Enthiran) and I (2015) before, too.
Story: Dr Vaseegaran (Rajinikanth) and his android assistant Nila (Amy Jackson) are called in for
help after mobiles start mysteriously flying out of the hands of people in Chennai. Vaseegaran
summons his trusted robot Chitti (Rajinikanth) to ward off the bird-shaped supernatural powers of
Pakshirajan (Akshay Kumar). Many birds die because of radiation from mobile phones. Pakshirajan,
being a bird lover and ornithologist was hurt seriously and hangs himself in a telephone tower. The
Aura of Pakshi and died birds form the supernatural power. Chitti destroys the Pakshirajan and is
appreciated by everyone. It would be nice if the story ends here. But it starts again as Pakshirajan gets
back his power. This time Chitti cannot destroy it, as Pakshi hurts Dr Vaseegaran whenever he makes
an attack. With the comeback of Chitti 2.0 (Chitti with a red chip) and with the help of Kutti(Microbot
- Chitti V 3.0), Pakshi is destroyed. And the movie ends with a song for Chitti and Nila - endhira
Logathu Sundariye song.
Shankar’s screenplay gives fans of the superstar plenty of moments to cheer for. Rajinikanth’s
and Akshay Kumar’s performance dominates the movie. These two superstars are one of the main
reasons why 2.0 feels like a grand, big-ticket movie. The makeup and costumes are the highlights of
the movie, too.
The sight of mobiles covering up an entire road, a forest and forming the giant eagle, are most
certainly ‘wow’ worthy. But the scientific explanations provided for telekinetic control of mobile
phones and the antagonist’s supernatural abilities aren't all that convincing. Nevertheless, this is a
Rajinikanth movie and questioning cinematic liberty and logic-defying creativity is unwarranted.
2. Give the review of a book that has interested you a lot.
Review: MAPPING THE WORLD
The book ‘Mapping the World’ by Ralph E. Ehrenberg is published by National Geographic as
an illustrated history of Cartography. Ralph E. Ehrenberg has lectured and consulted widely on
geographic resources, the history of cartography and management of cartographic collections.
With running commentary by Ralph E. Ehrenberg, this book tells a fascinating story of
geographic discovery, scientific invention, and the technique of mapmaking. ‘Mapping the
World’ provides amazing details on map. The book deals with broad historical and cultural range,
unmatched variety of maps from the finest map collections in the world more than one hundred
illustrations and a fresh and authoritative perspective on the history of cartography. ‘Mapping the
World’ talks about the uses of maps as well as how to differentiate between the type of map projection
and type of map.
Every day people around the world use maps and get useful information. We could make a
colourful map that shows the amount of pollution in different areas, or it could be a population map,
or it could even be a map that shows the 50 states of the USA, their capitals and borders! Our last step
in this amazing excursion is the near future, where we see some hypothetical solutions as to what maps
will be used for. Currently, we are working on better virtual map technology
In the early 1900s, people had to tug a lot of maps around to find their way from place to place,
or just keep asking for directions. Now, scientists have been able to put maps on phones by using
Global Positioning System (GPS). It is amazing how much maps have changed technology and the
world in this century. “Mapping the world” is a treasure box filled with the gems of cartography. This
book will be very useful for the people who want to be cartographers.
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3. Review an event which your school has hosted recently.
Cultural Fest, Government Higher Secondary School, Thirupur.
I am Dinesh of Govt Hr. Sec. School, Thirupur. Recently our school hosted a colourful Cultural
Fest. This event was held in the auditorium of our school. In this mega event, many schools from our
city took part. The grand show commenced with Thamizh Thai Vazhthu hailing our mother tongue.
We invited our District Collector as the Chief Guest. There was a colourful welcome followed
by lighting of the lamp. It was followed by a welcome speech given by the Headmaster of our school.
Then there was bouquet presentation to the invited guests and the grand event began. It was a truly
mesmerizing show as the teams from various schools presented many programmes such as singing,
classical and disco dancing, poetry recitation, skits, mimicry and mono acting shows. It was a colourful
feast to the eyes and ears. Everyone sat spellbound. The audience witnessed a colourful array of dances
and musical acts. The school choir enthralled the audience with the soulful rendition of music. Students
from our school touched every heart and filled everyone present with a sense of national pride with
Bharathiyar songs. The highlight of the day was the play 'Faith Conquers All' enacted by Girls Hr.
Sec. School. Students performed mime based on themes such as 'save trees' and 'together we make a
better tomorrow’.
The Chief Guest praised the entire event a lot and applauded the efforts of students and teachers.
He guided the students with his inspirational words to become good citizens. Our Principal presented
the annual report highlighting the achievements of the school and the students. Meritorious students
in academics and extra-curricular activities were felicitated. Then the competition results were
announced. The team from our school bagged the first prize and all of us complimented one another.
It was followed by a formal vote of thanks and the event concluded with National Anthem.
READING (TB - Pg.No.: 197, 198)

Read the story carefully and answer the questions asked below (TB Pg.No.: 197)
G. Match the following Answers
1. A man of ease - Emanuel 1. John Mathew
2. John’s trainer - Lalli and Lolly 2. Basky
3. Mathew’s secretary - John Mathew 3. Louise
4. John’s chef - Louise 4. Emanuel
5. Mathew’s friends - Basky 5. Lalli and Lolly
H. State whether the given statements are true or false. If false correct the statements.
1. True 2. True 3. False (Correct Statement: He had his weekly lunch with his dearest friends Lalli
and Lolly.) 4. False (Correct Statement: He exercised with Basky, his personal trainer.)
5. False (Correct Statement: He answered his mail with the help of Louise, his secretary.)hlet
Making
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WRITING (TB - Pg.No.: 198, 199)
Pamphlet Making
I. Create a pamphlet for the following:
1. Make a pamphlet on ‘Dengue Awareness’ (Focus on its causes, preventions, symptoms and precautions).
2. Make an attractive pamphlet for your school’s Fair organised for raising funds for (any) relief
(Specify the date, time, types of stalls and the reasons for the fair).
3. Make a pamphlet on the latest gadgets (Mention the variety of models, uses, need and availability).
J. Write a letter of enquiry for the following (For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg.No.: 137-146)
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GRAMMAR (TB - Pg.No.: 200, 201)
Simple, Compound, Complex (For more explanation and examples Refer WTS Pg.No. 120 - 123)
A. Transform the following sentences as instructed.
1. On seeing the teacher, the children stood up. (into Complex)
Ans: As soon as the children saw the teacher, they stood up.
2. At the age of six, Varsha started learning music. (into Complex)
Ans: Varsha started learning music when she was six.
3. As Varun is a voracious reader, he buys a lot of books. (into Simple)
Ans: Being a voracious reader, Varun buys a lot of books.
4. Walk carefully lest you should fall down. (into Complex)
Ans: Unless you walk carefully, you will fall down / If you don’t walk carefully, you will fall down.
5. Besides being a dancer, she is a singer. (into Compound)
Ans: She is not only a dancer but also a singer.
6. He is sick but he attends the rehearsal. (into Simple)
Ans: In spite of his sickness, he attends the rehearsal.
7. If Meena reads more, she will become proficient in the language. (into Compound)
Ans: Meena must read more, then only she will become proficient in the language.
8. He confessed that he was guilty. (into Simple)
Ans: He confessed his guilt.
9. The boy could not attend the special classes due to his mother’s illness. (into Compound)
Ans: His mother was ill and so the boy could not attend the special classes.
10. He followed my suggestion. (into Complex)
Ans: He followed what I suggested.
B. Combine the pairs of sentences below into simple, complex and compound.
1. Radha was ill. She was not hospitalized.
Simple : In spite of her illness, Radha was not hospitalized.
Complex : Though Radha was ill, she was not hospitalized.
Compound : Radha was ill but she was not hospitalized.
2. The students were intelligent. They could answer the questions correctly.
Simple : Being intelligent, the students could answer the questions correctly.
Complex : As the students were intelligent, they could answer the questions correctly.
Compound : The students were intelligent and so they could answer the questions correctly.
3. I must get a visa. I can travel abroad.
Simple : In the event of getting a visa, I can travel abroad.
Complex : If I get a visa, I can travel abroad.
Compound : I must get a visa then only I can travel abroad.
4. I saw a tiger. It was wounded.
Simple : I saw a wounded tiger.
Complex : I saw a tiger which was wounded.
Compound : I saw a tiger and it was wounded.
5. There was a bandh. The shops remained closed.
Simple : The shops remained closed due to bandh.
Complex : As there was a bandh, the shops remained closed.
Compound : There was a bandh and so the shops remained closed.
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Poem - 1: Life
Rhyme
Stanza …. Refers …. ….. means …..
Scheme
goal - ambition
I me, my, soul - The poet unreluctant - willing to do something abba
mourning - lamenting / feeling sad
that - The poet’s happy veils - to hide or cover
II heart something abba
toll - share, effort toll - tax, fee
I - The poet
crown - coronet
III boy - Poet in childhood
when but - when only abba
crown - fame, success
IV my - The poet quest - long search -
Poem – 3: I Am Every Woman
Rhyme
Scheme
innate - inborn and natural
I stake - risk abcc
fake - duplicate
II She, her, lioness - woman of today; - abbb
summer - hard times/sufferings of life; persistence - determination
spring - good times/happiness of life; groans - complaints & grumbles
III sighs, groans, moans - sufferings of life; abad
moans - grieves
sigh - deep breathe expressing sadness
prankster - mischievous persons
IV mess with - meddle or interfere aabc
with
Poem – 5: The Secret of The Machines

Rhyme
Scheme
we, us, ore-bed - a stratum of ore, min - quarry/pit
} - Machines
children furnace - heating system/kiln, pit - hole in furnace
I our - Machines’ cast - moulded structure, tooled - assembled, gauged - abab
measured, file - rub down/grind, wrought - beaten out
you - Human beings of shape, hammered - beat/hit with hammer
your - Human beings’ Thousandth - a fraction of thousand
II it - smoke of abab
four and twenty hours - 24 hours/ one day
III machines haul - pull or drag with effort or force abab
IV brain - intelligence comprehend - grasp/understand abab
V vanish - disappear, heavens - sky abab
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FIGURES OF SPEECH - CONSOLIDATION
POEM 1 (LIFE)
Poem lines Figure of Speech Why? Vd;?
xU nrhw;nwhlu;>
Not hurrying to, nor turning….. Anaphora Repetition of mLj;jLj;J
Not mourning for the things ….. Not…. Not…. phrases or verses tUtJ
Personification vjpu;fhyk;
From what the future veils; but with... future veils like human kdpjdhf
future veils; jpiuapLtJ
Personification heart pays its toll like ,jak; kdpjdhf
And happy heart, that pays its toll
heart, that pays human tup fl;Ltjhy;
,Us; vd;w fle;j
In the dim past, nor holding back in fear Metaphor - dim past past life = darkness fhyk;;
rhiyapd; ,Wjpf;
Metaphor road's last turn = life’s last fl;lk; vd;w
And hope the road's last turn will …
road's last turn turn tho;f;ifapd;
,Wjpf;fl;lk;
New friendship, high adventure, and a crown, Metaphor - a crown a crown = fame fpuPlk; vd;w Gfo;
 To Youth and Age,……. Contrast
 So let the way wind up the hill or Youth X Age ,U Kuz;gl;l
two opposite words
down, up X down nrhw;fs; tUtJ
 O'er rough or smooth, the journey ….. rough X smooth
Let me but live my life from …. let - live - life nrhw;fspy; cs;s
Kjy; nka;
With forward face and unreluctant soul; Alliteration forward - face vOj;Jfspd;
And happy heart, that pays its toll happy - heart xypfs; xd;wp
Still seeking what I sought when … Still seeking tUjy;
POEM 3 (I AM EVERY WOMAN)

Metaphor woman is compared to jpwd; kw;Wk;
typikapd;
A symbol of power and strength. symbol of power and symbol of ability and milahsk; Nghd;w
strength strength ngz;
A part of life is compared Nfhilf; fhyk; vd;w
Metaphor tho;tpd; fbdkhd
The summer of life she's ready to see to the Summer season
in spring.
summer of life ; gFjp; tre;jfhyk;
summer = Hard times of life vd;w tho;tpd; ,dpa
in spring
spring = Good times of life gFjp
Metaphor tplhKaw;rp vd;w
Persistence is the key to everything Persistence = key
Persistence is the key jpwTNfhy;
Metaphor ngz; vd;w
She's a lioness; don't mess with her She = lioness
She's a lioness ngz;rpq;fk;
She's today's woman. Today's Repetition kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; mNj
Repetition of words
woman, dear today's woman nrhw;fs; tUjy;
A symbol of power and strength.
She puts her life at stake, symbol - strength nrhw;fspy; cs;s
The summer of life she's ready to see in spring. summer - see - spring Kjy; nka;
She says, "Spring will come again, my dear says - spring vOj;Jfspd;
Says she. Despite the sighs and groans
Alliteration
Says - sighs xypfs; xd;wp
and moans faith - firm tUjy;
She’s strong in her faith, firm in her beliefs saw - self-respect
Don’t ever try to saw her pride, her self-respect.
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POEM 5 (THE SECRET OF THE MACHINES)
Poem lines Figure of Speech Why? Vd;?
Anaphora Repetition of phrases or xU nrhw;nwhlu;
We were…. We were….
We were… We were.. verses mLj;jLj;J tUtJ
same vowel sound xNu capnuhypapy;
Assonance
Some water, coal, and oil is all we ask, repeats within a group of njhlq;Fk;
all - ask thu;j;ijfs;
words
ve;jpuq;fs;
Imagery Machines’ works - create ghu;f;Fk;>Nfl;Fk;>
We can see and hear and count and read
see and hear and a picture in reader’s vz;Zk;> vOj;Jk; -
and write! vd;gJ glkhf ekf;Fj;
count mind
Njhd;Wk;
We can pull and haul and push and lift and drive
We can print and plough and weave and capuw;w ,ae;jpuk;
heat and light Personification Lifeless machines – xU eguhf Ntiyfs;
We can run and race and swim and fly and dive work like persons nra;fpwJ
We can see and hear and count and read vdf;$Wtjhy;
and write!
Lifeless machines - not capuw;w ,ae;jpuk; xU
Personification eguhf ngha;ia
We are not built to comprehend a lie, understand lie like a
…comprehend a lie Ghpe;Jnfhs;shJ
person vdf;$Wtjhy;
capuw;w ,ae;jpuk; xU
Lifeless machines - eguhf Nerpj;jy;>
Personification
speak of human love, ghpjhgg;gLjy; kw;Wk;
We can neither love nor pity nor forgive …neither love nor pity
pity, and forgiveness kd;dpj;jy; Nghd;w
nor forgive kdpjg;gz;Gfis
nra;;Ak; vdf;$Wtjhy;
Personification Lifeless machines - ,ae;jpuq;fs; jq;fis
…children of your consider themselves - Foe;ijfshff;
We are nothing more than children of brain children $Wtjhy;
your brain! Hyperbole ,ae;jpuq;fs; jq;fis
Children of human brain kdpju;fspd; Foe;ijfs;
…children of your
- exaggerating an event vd kpifg;gLj;jpf;
brain $Wtjhy;
,ae;jpuq;fs; Ntiy
Machines occupy very nra;a kpfkpfr;rpwpa
And a thousandth of an inch to give us play: little place and work all ,lKk; ve;NeuKk;
Hyberpole
We will serve you four and twenty hours a day through a day - ciog;Nghk; vdTk;
exaggeration kpifg;gLj;jp
$Wtjhy;
Though our smoke may hide the Heavens from Connotation sky is connoted as Sky - Ir; rpwg;gpj;Jf;
$wg;gl;Ls;s khw;W
your eyes, .. Heavens… ‘heaven’ thu;j;ij heaven
We were cast and wrought and hammered
to design,
We - were
We were cut and filed and tooled and gauged to fit.
filed - fit.
We will serve you four and twenty hours a day!
We - will
We can pull and haul and push and lift and drive nrhw;fspy; cs;s
pull - push
We can print and plough and weave and Kjy; nka;
Alliteration print - plough
heat and light vOj;Jfspd; xypfs;
run - race xd;wp tUjy;
We can run and race and swim and fly and dive
Law - live
But remember, please, the Law by which we live,
neither - nor
We an neither love nor pity nor forgive
hide - Heavens
Though our smoke may hide the Heavens
from your eyes,
It will vanish and the stars will shine again,
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PUBLIC EXAM
QUESTION PAPER CONTENTS
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 Part I – 1 mark questions
PART - I
(1 Mark Questions: 14 Marks)
Qn. No.:1 - 14 VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR 14 marks

 ,g;gpuptpy; 14 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 1 kjpg;ngz;.
 ,e;jg; gFjpapy; Nfl;fg;gLk; Kjy; 3 synonyms kw;Wk; 3 antonyms tpdhf;fSf;F rupahd
tpilaspf;f ,f;ifNal;by; ghlg;gFjpapy; Prose Section-y; xt;nthU ghlj;jpYk;
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thu;j;ijfis ed;F gbj;J gapw;rp nra;J nfhs;sTk;.
 tpdhvz; 7 Kjy; 14 tiu cs;s gapw;rpfSf;fhd Methods, Tips kw;Wk; tpsf;fq;fs;
midj;Jk; ,g;gFjpapy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,tw;iw ed;F gbj;J gapw;rp nra;J nfhs;sTk;.
(TB Glossary - Pg. No.: 5, 65, 99,130,166
1 - 3. Synonyms: Prose Section - WTS Pg. No.: 6, 17, 25, 35, 44 )
Method: Tips:
 nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpaj;jpy; rha;T vOj;J  rha;T vOj;Jf;fspy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s
thu;j;ijf;F ,izahd nghUs; nfhz;l thu;j;ijia> thu;j;ijfis thf;fpaj;Jld; Nru;j;J
tpilahff; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thu;j;ijfspypUe;J njupT gbj;J nghUs; Gupe;J tpiliaf;
nra;J vOjNtz;Lk;. fz;LgpbAq;fs;. cq;fisf; Fog;Gtjw;fhf
 ,q;F Nju;tpy; Nfl;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fs; kl;LNk rpy options nfhLf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk;.
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,tw;iw ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.  tpilfs; njupahj gl;rj;jpy; jtW vd
NkYk; Prose Section-y; xt;nthU ghlj;jpYk; ePq;fs; epidf;Fk; tpilfis elimination
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thu;j;ijfisAk; ed;F method-y; xt;nthd;whf tpyf;fp rupahd
gbj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;. tpilia vOj Kaw;rp nra;Aq;fs;.
Practice Questions:
Choose the appropriate synonyms for the italicised words.
1. The young bird kept calling her mother plaintively. (SEP - 2021)
a) happily b) sadly c) rigorously d) vainly
2. Aditya and the narrator reached a point where the road bifurcated. (SEP - 2021)
a) restrained b) combined c) divided d) conditioned
3. The owner of the tea shop, now over sixty, a little rustic in appearance. (SEP - 2021)
a) old b) typical countryside c) traditional d) modern
4. Navika Sagar Parikrama was a project undertaken in consonance with the National Policy. (SEP 2020)
a) connection b) agreement c) comparison d) arrangement
5. The little seagull even gnawed at the dried pieces of eggshell. (SEP 2020)
a) chewed b) cackled c) swallowed d) craved
6. His idea of going away, made me forget all about his ruler and how cranky he was.(SEP 2020, PTA - 2)
a) normal b) strange c) abnormal d) happy
7. The mother seagull swooped upwards. (MDL - 19)
a) leap b) rush c) move very quickly d) ascend
8. The attic has always been favourite with children. (MDL - 19)
a) loft b) terrace c) apartment d) strong room
9. It is a 55-foot sailing vessel built indigenously in India. (MDL - 19)
a) fully b) collectively c) innately d) specially
10. It was the gaunt face staring from the bed that brought chill to my heart. (PTA - 1)
a) fat b) round c) lean d) sad
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2  Way to Success - 10th English

11. When school began, there was a bustle. (PTA - 1)
a) rush b) change c) noise d) confusion
12. They continue to grapple with the changes. (HY - 19, PTA - 1)
a) settle b) fight c) move d) stop
13. His parents circled around raising a proud cackle. (PTA - 2)
a) sharp noise b) blunt noise c) high pitch d) shout
14. Trying to revive old childhood memories may prove disappointing. (PTA - 2)
a) review b) revitalize c) restore d) rescue
15. The spoilt child of affluent parents. (PTA - 3, 5)
a) influenced b) wealthy c) happy d) poor
16. Scraping his beak now and again to whet it. (HY - 19, PTA - 3)
a) clean b) blunt c) sharpen d) wet
17. My contention was to make sure that we go by the rules. (PTA - 3)
a) continuous effort b) disturbed effort c) unhappy effort d) strenuous effort
**The appropriate answer should be ‘argument’**
18. He was delirious. (PTA - 4)
a) sick b) disappointed c) troubled d) forced
**The appropriate answer should be ‘disturbed’**
19. The whole family was laughing at his cowardice. (PTA - 4)
a) strength b) bravery c) courage d) timidity
20. My mother was asleep in one room upstairs, grandfather was in the attic. (PTA - 4)
a) bedroom b) a room c) a space in the roof d) kitchen
21. World renowned physicist Stephen Hawking is the best example of how…. (PTA - 5)
a) famous b) special c) popular d) unique
22. But something choked him. (PTA - 5)
a) praised b) blocked c) answered d) encouraged
23. The great expanse of sea stretched down beneath. (PTA - 6)
a) large space b) narrow space c) small space d) deep area
24. He said in a hopeless tone of a despondent beagle. (PTA - 6)
a) angry b) affluent c) despairing d) strong
25. They were apprehensive and supportive too. (PTA - 6)
a) confident b) inquisitive c) anxious d) special
26. I saw a frail man. (HY - 19)
a) strong b) week c) happy d) weak
27. The seagull failed to muster up courage.
a) dismiss b) separate c) gather d) divide
28. The seagull had, in fact, seen his older brother catch his first herring and devour it.
a) eat eagerly / swallow b) smell c) destroy d) bury
29. The voyage had stop overs at four ports for replenishment of ration.
a) purchase b) sale c) expedition d) restoration of stock
30. Navika Sagar Parikrama was undertaken to empower women.
a) destroy b) give power c) demonstrate d) appreciate
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4 - 6. Antonyms: (Prose Section - Pg. No.: 6, 17, 25, 35, 44)
3Method: Tips:
 nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpaj;jpy; rha;T vOj;J  rha;T vOj;Jf;fspy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s
thu;j;ijf;F vjpuhd nghUs; nfhz;l thu;j;ijia> thf;fpaj;Jld; Nru;e;J gbj;Jg; nghUs; Gupe;J
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thu;j;ijfspypUe;J njupT nfhs;Sq;fs;. gpwF me;jg; nghUSf;F vjpu;r;nrhy;
nra;J vOjNtz;Lk;. vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij A+fk; nra;J
tpiliaf; fz;LgpbAq;fs;. cq;fisf;
 ,q;F Nju;tpy; Nfl;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fs; kl;LNk
Fog;Gtjw;fhf rpy options nfhLf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk;.
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,tw;iw ed;F
gbj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;. NkYk; Prose Section-y;  tpilfs; njupahj gl;rj;jpy; jtW vd ePq;fs;
epidf;Fk; tpilfis elimination methody;
xt;nthU ghlj;jpYk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s
xt;nthd;whf tpyf;fp rupahd tpilia vOj
thu;j;ijfisAk; ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.
Kaw;rp nra;Aq;fs;.
Practice Questions:
1. His father was preening the feathers. (SEP 2021)
a) cleaning b) clearing c) dirtying d) colouring
2. A portion of a wall of the attic had crumbled down. (SEP 2021)
a) withered b) attached c) broken d) taken
3. India’s disabled are deprived by attitudinal barriers as they grapple with the challenges of acceptance
and inclusion. (SEP 2021)
a) addition b) separation c) diversion d) adoption
4. Technology is a boon to citizens with special needs. (SEP 2020)
a) bonus b) bane c) blast d) block
5. They were the steps of a man walking rapidly around the dining-table. (SEP 2020)
a) timidly b) silently c) slowly d) decently
6. What was the selection process? (SEP 2020)
a) rejection b) extension c) termination d) collection
7. She screamed back mockingly. (MDL - 19)
a) disrespectfully b) ridiculously c) jeeringly d) respectfully
8. We don’t have to use any means of repulsion. (MDL - 19)
a) attraction b) distaste c) hate d) horror
9. I indulged in banking. (MDL - 19)
a) took part b) participated c) abstained d) yielded
10. The project was undertaken in consonance with the National Policy. (HY - 19, PTA - 1)
a) agreement b) constant c) disagreement d) harmony
11. The sun was soothing. (PTA - 1)
a) pleasing b) relaxing c) disturbing d) burning
12. She picked up a shoe and whammed it through the window. (PTA - 1)
a) tapped b) threw c) struck d) pulled
13. We look forward to a more inclusive way of learning, instead of the cloistered existence. (PTA - 2)
a) enclosed b) detached c) opened d) united.
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14. ‘Nothing’ he said gruffly. (HY - 19, PTA - 2)
a) happily b) roughly c) sadly d) plainly
15. Boost the morale in the country. (PTA - 2)
a) fear b) attitude c) mettle d) confidence
16. The little man was startled. (PTA - 3)
a) surprised b) excited c) saddened d) at ease
17. The birds were chirping at the end of the woods. (PTA - 3)
a) singing b) shouting c) tweeting d) alarming
18. One can control the computer screen with a gaze. (PTA - 3)
a) blink b) stare c) look d) trace
19. Then a monstrous terror seized him. (PTA - 4)
a) released b) grasped c) snatched d) conquered
20. The light still shone palely down the stairs. (PTA - 4)
a) dim b) weak c) bright d) faint
21. Those are the times we have to be active. (PTA - 4)
a) dynamic b) lively c) energetic d) inactive
22. The sick-room was a gloomy spot. (PTA - 5)
a) dark b) dim c) dull d) bright
23. I am glad that we were able to finish it successfully. (PTA - 5)
a) happy b) pleased c) sorry d) joyful
24. The cops were reluctant to leave without getting their hand. (PTA - 5)
a) eager b) unwilling c) opposed d) averse
25. “How ignorant you are! Watson!” He said with a groan. (PTA - 6)
a) illiterate b) uneducated c) well informed d) rude
26. I had counted on the commotion to get to my desk without being seen. (PTA - 6)
a) confusion b) disturbance c) unrest d) calmness
27. So we can now look forward to a more inclusive way of learning. (PTA - 6)
a) further b) ahead c) proceed d) backward
28. The spoilt child of affluent parents. (HY - 19)
a) happy b) healthy c) wealthy d) poor
29. The young seagull stepped slowly out to the brink of the ledge.
a) border b) edge c) high d) middle
30. His mother had swooped upwards.
a) stood b) walked c) strolled d) ascended
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7. Singular & Plural: (TB Unit 2 & 6 - Pg. No.: 35 & 176)
 Method: nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Singular thu;j;ijf;Fr; rupahd Plural thf;fpaj;ijj; njupT nra;J vOjNtz;Lk;.
 Tips: Kjypy; tpdh gpd;tUk; 4 typefspy; ve;j type vdf; fz;lwpe;J tpilaspf;fTk;.
1. s / es / ies - type - Ex: book - books, chair - chair (TB), house - houses(TB), burglar - burglars (TB),
mango - mangoes, fly - flies
2. ...um, ..us, ..is - type - Ex: radius - radii
3. same word type - Ex: furniture - furniture(TB)
4. other type - Ex: child - children, ox - oxen, tooth - teeth
singular thu;j;ij……
um -y; Kbe;jhy; mjw;F gjpyhf a vd khw;wp vOJ. Ex. medium - media.
us -y; Kbe;jhy; mjw;F gjpyhf i vd khw;wp vOJ. Ex. locus - loci. (Exception: bus - buses)
is -y; Kbe;jhy; mjw;F gjpyhf es vd khw;wp vOJ. Ex. crisis - crises. Um-a (ckh)
x - Kbe;jhy;; mjw;F gjpyhf ces vd khw;wp vOJ Ex. matrix - matrices Us-I (Crp)
a -y; Kbe;jhy; mjw;F gjpyhf ae vd khw;wp vOJ. Ex. formula - formulae. Is-es (,n]];)
oo -te;jhy; mjw;F gjpyhf ee vd khw;wp vOJ Ex. tooth - teeth X-ces (vf;n]];)
fe - Kbe;jhy;; mjw;F gjpyhf ves vd khw;wp vOJ Ex. wife - wives A-ae (V-V<)
oo-ee (XX-<<)
(kw;wgb nghJthf plural-Mf khw;Wk; NghJ noun-cld;‘s, es’ Nru;ff ; Ntz;Lk;) Fe-ves (/g; - t;];)
tpjptpyf;Ffs;
1. furniture, sheep, cattle, deer, aircraft, swine Mfpatw;Wf;F singular, plural xd;Nw.
2. news, spectacles, means, premises, species, corps, scissors, trousers - Mfpatw;Wf;F singular, plural xd;Nw
3. man - men, woman - women, child - children, ox - oxen.
Practice Questions:
1. Choose the correct plural form of accessory from the following. (SEP-2021)
a) accessorys b) accessories c) accessoryes d) accessoris
2. Choose the correct plural form of loaf from the following. (SEP-2020, HY - 19, PTA - 1)
a) loafs b) loaves c) loavs d) loafes
3. Choose the correct plural form of alga from the following. (MDL - 19)
a) algum b) algi c) algae d) algas
4. Choose the correct plural form of lorry from the following. (PTA - 2)
a) lorrys b) lorry c) lories d) lorries
5. Choose the correct plural form of child from the following. (PTA - 3)
a) Childs b) childrens c) childes d) children
6. Choose the correct plural form of syllabus from the following. (PTA - 4)
a) syllables b) syllabus c) syllabi d) syllabii
7. Choose the correct plural form of alumnus. (PTA - 5)
a) alumna b) alumnae c) alumni d) alumnuses
8. Choose the correct plural form of deer. (PTA - 6)
a) deers b) door c) dear d) deer
9. The singular form of ‘men servants’ is ………
a) man servants b) men servant c) man servant d) woman servant
10. Choose the correct plural form of ‘biscuit’
a) biscuites b) biscuitt c) biscuits d) biscuit
For more book back exercises, Refer WTS Pg. No. : 14, 50
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8. Prefix & Suffix / Derivatives (TB Unit 4 - Pg. No. : 101)
Method: Tips:
 nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thu;j;ijf;F  ,e;jg; gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f ,f;ifNal;by; fPNo
nghUj;jkhd Prefix (m) suffix-I nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Prefix, suffix-fis ed;F
njupTnra;J nfhLf;fg;gl;l gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
thu;j;ijNahL Nru;j;J vOj  tpdhit ed;F gbj;Jg; ghu;ff ; Tk;. rpyNtisfspy; tpdhit
Ntz;Lk;. gy;NtW tpjq;fspy; khw;wpAk; Nfl;fyhk;. ftdk; Njit.
PREFIXES : If an affix is attached to the beginning of a word, it is called a Prefix.

nfhLf;fg;gl;l thu;j;ijf;F Kd;dhy; rpW mirfis Nru;g;gJ Prefix MFk;
Textbook Example : illiterate, disqualify, supernatural, suburban, malnutrition, Untidy
Some Prefixes : un, in, dis, il, a, en, mis, im, pre, ir, non, ……
SUFFIXES : If an affix is attached to the end of the word, it is called a Suffix.

nfhLf;fg;gl;l thu;j;ijf;Fg; gpd;dhy; rpW mirfis Nru;g;gJ Suffix MFk;
Textbook Example : childhood, ability, examination, establishment, slavish
Some suffixes : able, ous, ing, or, er, ment, ance, ful, ity, ist, ly……
Practice Questions:
1. Form a derivative by adding the right suffix to the word ‘child’. (SEP - 2021)
a) -ment b) -ies c) -hood d) -tion
2. Form a derivative by adding the right suffix to the word ‘appear’. (SEP - 2020)
b) -able b) -ence c) -ible d) -ance
3. Form a derivative by adding the right suffix to the word ‘document’. (MDL - 19)
a) -ory b) -ise c) -ation d) -ly
4. Form a derivative by adding the right prefix to the word -_ natural. (PTA - 1)
a) ir b) mis c) super d) il
5. Form a derivative by adding the right suffix to the word fashion ___ (PTA - 2)
a) ly b) able c) ty d) tion
6. Form a derivative by adding the right prefix to the word _ relevant. (PTA - 3)
a) il b) im c) ir d) mal
7. Attach a suitable prefix to the word ________ activate. (PTA - 4)
a) en- b) non- c) de- d) dis-
8. Attach a suitable prefix to the word _____ large. (PTA - 5)
a) en- b) non- c) de- d) dis-
9. Attach a suitable suffix to the word excellent _______. (PTA - 6)
a) ly b) ism c) ication d) ness
10. From a derivative by adding the right suffix to the word comfort ______. (HY - 19)
a) ise b) ory c) ation d) ably
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9. Abbreviations & Acronyms: (TB Unit 5 - Pg. No. : 131 - 133)
Method: Tips:
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s  Spelling khw;wpf; nfhLj;J ,Uf;Fk; tpilfis ed;F ftdpj;J rupahd
tpiliaj; Nju;T nra;Aq;fs;.
RUf;fj;jpw;F rupahd
(4G - Forth Generation  ; Fourth Generation  )
tpupthf;fj;ij njupT
 ,e;jg; gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s
nra;J vOj Ntz;Lk;. Abbreviation, Acronym -fis ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
ABBREVIATION : Abbreviation refers to any shortened or contracted form of a word or phrase.
xU thu;j;ij (m) nrhw;nwhlupd; Fiwf;fg;gl;l my;yJ RUq;fpa tbtNk Abbreviation.
Example : SSLC  Secondary School Leaving Certificate
ACRONYM: Acronym is a type of abbreviation where a new word is formed from the first letters of a series of words.
Fwpg;gpl;l thu;j;ijfspd; Kjy; vOj;Jf;fs; ,ize;J Gjpa thu;j;ijahf cUntLg;gNj Acronym.
Example : RADAR  Radio Detection And Ranging
CONTRACTIONS : Contractions combine a pronoun or noun with a verb, or a verb with ‘not’, in a shorter form.
Contractions ngau;r;nrhy; my;yJ gpujpngau;r;nrhy; Jiztpidr;nrhw;fSld; ‘not’ Nru;e;J tUk;
,lq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ‘short forms’ MFk;.
 Contractions with pronouns
Ex : I’m, you’re, we’re, they’re, he’s, she’s, it’s, that’s, ’ve, you’ve etc…
 Contractions with ‘auxiliary verb’ with ‘not’
Ex : aren’t ; isn’t ; wasn’t, haven’t; hasn’t; hadn’t; can’t; couldn’t; didn’t; don’t; doesn’t, won’t; shan’t
Practice Questions:
1. The common expansion of GPS is (SEP - 2021, HY - 19, PTA - 6)
a) Global Protective System b) General Police System
c) Global Positioning System d) Global Pre-defining System
2. Choose the correct expansion of the abbreviation IIT. (SEP -2020, PTA - 3, 5)
a) International Institute of Teaching b) Indian Institute of Teaching
c) Indian Institute of Technology d) International Institute of Technology
3. Choose the correct expansion of the abbreviation SIM. (MDL - 19)
a) Subscriber Information Module b) Subscriber Identification Module
c) Student Identification Module d) School Identification Module
4. Choose the correct expansion of the abbreviation IMF (PTA - 1)
a) Indian Monetary Fund b) International Mutual Fund
c) International Monetary Fund d) Indian Mutual Fund.
5. Choose the correct expansion of the abbreviation MRI. (PTA - 2)
a) Magnified Resonance Imaging b) Magnified Reasoning Imagery
c) Magnetic Resonance Imaging d) Magnetic Resonance Imagery
6. The common expansion of CBI is (PTA - 4)
a) Central Bureau of Investigation b) Central Banks of India
c) Central Bureau of Investigators d) Central Bureau of Investors
7. Choose the correct expansion of the abbreviation AIDS
a) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome b) Acquired Immune Deficit Syndrome
c) Auto Immuno Deficiency Symptom d) Acquired Immuno Deficit Symptom
8. Choose the correct expansion of the abbreviation QR Code
a) Quick Revision Code b) Quick Response Code
c) Quality Response Code d) Quality Reminiscence Code
9. Choose the correct expansion of the abbreviation COVID - 19
a) Carona Virus Disease 2019 b) Corona Virus Diagnosed 2019
c) Corona Virus Disease 2019 d) Carona Virus Diagnosed 2019
10. Choose the correct expansion of the abbreviation CEO
a) Chief Environmental Officer b) Chief Emplolyment Officer
c) Chief Educate Officer d) Chief Executive Officer
For more book back exercises, Refer WTS Pg No. : 38, 39
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10. a. Phrasal Verbs (Idiomatic Phrases) (TB Unit 3,6 - Pg. No. : 66 - 68, 167)
Method: Tips:
 Nfhbl;l ,lj;jpy; rupahd Phrasal verb –I vOj Ntz;Lk;.  ,e;jg; gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F
my;yJ nfhLf;fg;gl;l Phrasal verb-d; rupahd mu;j;jj;ij tpilaspf;f ,f;ifNal;by; fPNo
my;yJ nfhLf;fg;gl;l thu;j;ijf;F rupahd Phrasal verb nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Phrasal verb, Idiom-
-I njupTnra;J vOj Ntz;Lk;. fis ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
PHRASAL VERBS : A Phrasal verb is an idiomatic phrase consisting of a verb and another
element, typically an adverb or a preposition or both. (The second word is called ‘particle’)
$l;L tpidr;nrhy; (Phrasal verb) vd;gJ xU tpidr;nrhy;Yk; (verb) NtW xU nrhy;Yk;
(preposition or adverb or both) ,ize;J cUthFk; idiomatic phrase MFk;.
Examples:
1. The crew ran out of water and food before they could complete their expedition.
ran out means to use completely.
2. The Police personnel instructed the mob to go away from the place during the strike.
go away means to leave from the place.
Practice Questions:
Complete the following sentence with the most appropriate phrasal verb given below:
1. Mr. Hamel ________ the blackboard and took a piece of chalk to write. (SEP - 2021)
a) turned up b) turned to c) turned for d) turned with
2. The sailors soon _______food and water. (SEP 2020)
a) got along with b) stood up for c) ran out of d) looked up to
3. The crew _______ of water and food before they could complete their expedition. (MDL - 19)
a) ran on b) ran about c) ran in d) ran out
4. There will be a _________in the office next week. (PTA - 1)
a) warm up b) run out c) shut down d) take off
5. It helps to ________ the calories. (PTA - 2)
a) warm up b) stretch out c) put on d) burn off
6. The air hostess instructed the passengers to wear the seat belts during the _______ (PTA - 3)
a) warm up b) stretch out c) put on d) take off
7. Doing _______ every day in the morning keeps one healthy. (PTA - 5)
a) warm in b) warm up c) warm out d) warm into
8. My uncle will ________ from England next week.
a) come back b) come in c) come on d) come up
9. One of the legs has _______ the table.
a) come at b) come off c) come in d) come over
10. The car _______ in the middle of the trip.
a) break off b) call up c) broke down d) come back
For more book back exercises, Refer WTS Pg. No. : 21, 47,48
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10. b. Idioms (TB Unit 3 - Pg No. : 66 - 68)
Method: Tips:
 ,J Phrasal verb tpdhtpw;F khw;whf Nfl;fg;gLk;
tpdh MFk;  ,e;jg; gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f
 nfhLf;fg;gl;l Idiom-d; rupahd mu;j;jj;ij ,f;ifNal;by; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Idiom-fis
my;yJ nfhLf;fg;gl;l nrhw;nwhlupd; rupahd ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
idiom-I njupTnra;J vOj Ntz;Lk;.
IDIOMS : Idioms are groups of words put together as a unit with a particular meaning.
Idioms(kuGr;nrhw;nwhlu;fs;) vd;git xU rpy thu;j;ijfs; nkhj;jkhfr; Nru;e;J xU
Fwpg;gpid czu;j;jf;$ba Gjpa mu;j;jj;ijj; jUk; nrhw;nwhlu;fs; MFk;. thu;j;ijfspd;
Neub mu;j;jj;ij vLj;Jf;nfhs;sf;$lhJ.
Example: the cat is out of the bag vd;w idiom-d; nghUs; G+id igf;F ntspNa ,Uf;fpwJ
vd;gjy;y. ufrpak; ntspte;J tpl;lJ vd;W mu;j;jk;.
Practice Questions:
1. Choose the appropriate meaning for the given idiom “over the moon”: (SEP - 2021)
a) Extremely agile b) Extremely happy c) Extremely visible d) Extremely attentive
2. Choose the correct idiom that means ‘Competent’. (PTA - 4)
a) on the go b) on the ball c) on the wind d) on strong waters
3. Choose the correct idioms that means ‘difficult situation’. (PTA - 5)
a) on the go b) on the ball c) on the wind d) in deep waters
4. Choose the correct meaning of the idiom in the following sentence:
Afsar goes to the park once in a blue moon. (PTA - 6)
a) a regular occasion b) a rare event c) a casual event d) an unusual moment
5. Complete the following sentence with the most appropriate idiom given below: (HY - 19)
She was extremely happy.
a) sharp as a tack b) on the ball c) once in a blue moon d) over the moon
6. Choose the correct idiom that means ‘to disagree strongly’.
a) to be at logger heads b) fool’s errand c) raining cats and dogs d) get cold feet
Replace the underlined word with one of the idioms given to convey the same meaning:
7. I am in a dilemma about taking up the job.
a) spill the beans b) in two minds
c) ball is in your court d) a penny for your thoughts
8. I hope that I’ll get first rank this time.
a) keep one’s fingers crossed b) get cold feet
c) to bear with d) start with a clean slate
Replace the underlined word with one of the same meaning of the given idiom:
9. I don’t agree with you in this matter. So don’t harp on the same string.
a) stress frequently b) tell loudly c) repeat continuously d) avoid purposefully
10. Babloo was a chicken-hearted person.
a) brave b) kind-hearted c) arrogant d) cowardly
For more book back exercises, Refer WTS Pg. No. : 21
TEXTBOOK LIST
Idioms Meanings jkpo; mu;j;jk;
1 cat is out of the bag secret is out ,ufrpak; ntspte;Jtpl;lJ
2 once in a blue moon rare event mupjhd epfo;T
when someone understands the R+o;epiyiag; Gupe;J nfhz;L
3 on the ball jpwikahf nray;gLjy;
situations well, competent
become more confident in
4 find one’s voice jd;dk;gpf;if
expressing oneself
5 over the moon extremely happy kpFjpahd kfpo;r;rp
6 sharp as tack mentally agile RWRWg;ghdth;
7 lend an ear listen ftdpj;jy;
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11. Compound Words: (TB Unit 4 - Pg No. : 100, 101)
Method: Tips:
 tpdhtpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thu;j;ijAld; nghUe;Jk; rupahd  ,e;jg; gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F
Compound word-I fz;Lgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ tpdhtpy; tpilaspf;f ,f;ifNal;by; fPNo
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thu;j;ijAld; rupahfg; nghUe;jhj nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s
Compound word-I mikf;fKbahj thu;j;ijfisf; compound word-fis ed;F
fz;Lgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. ftdk;; Njit. gbj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.
COMPOUN WORDS : A compound word is a combination of two or more words that function as a
single unit of meaning.
,U ntt;NtW mu;j;jKs;s nrhw;fs; ,ize;J Gjpa nrhy;iyf; nfhLj;jhy; mJ compound word MFk.;
v.fh: BUTTER - ntz;nza; FLY - < BUTTERFLY - gl;lhk;G+r;rp.
+ =
BUTTER FLY BUTTERFLY

Compound word-fspd; tiffisj; njupe;Jnfhs;s fPo;fz;ltw;iwAk; epidtpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Noun - ngau;r;nrhy; (Eg. Sun, air, bird, school, girl, ….etc)
Verb - tpidr;nrhy; (Eg. rise, go, play, work, do, run, ….etc)
Adjective - ngaiu tpsf;Fk; nrhy; (Eg. good girl, red shirt, soft cake ….etc)
Adverb - tpidia tpsf;Fk; nrhy; (Eg. run fast, do immediately, write legibly ….etc)
Gerund - ing-y; KbAk; tpidr; nrhy; (Eg. dancing, walking, conditioning ….etc)
Preposition - ,ilr;nrhw;fs; (Eg. in, out, of, into, above, under, among ….etc)
Practice Questions:
1. Choose the suitable option to pair it with the word ‘side’ to form a compound word. (SEP - 2021)
a) path b) walk c) way d) road
2. Choose the suitable option to pair it with the word ‘fare’ to form a compound word. (SEP 2020)
a) engine b) play c) away d) well
3. Choose the suitable option to pair with the word ‘watch’ to form a compound word. (MDL - 19)
a) hall b) house c) man d) clock
4. Choose the suitable option to pair it with the word alarm to form a compound word. (PTA - 1)
a) sound b) clock c) time d) watch
5. Choose the suitable option to pair with green to form a compound word. (HY - 19, PTA - 2)
a) dress b) house c) glass d) pen
6. Choose the suitable option to pair it with the word traffic to form a compound word. (PTA - 3)
a) police b) signal c) jam d) light
7. Choose the suitable option to pair it with ‘boarding’ to form a compound word. (PTA - 4)
a) pause b) pass c) parts d) fast
8. Choose the suitable option to pair with ‘sea’ to form a compound word. (PTA - 5)
a) shine b) shore c) soar d) pool
9. Choose the suitable option that do not pair with life to form a compound word.* (PTA - 6)
a) skill b) time c) boat d) leave
*(a.life skill ; b. life time ; c. life boat)
10. Choose the correct compound word for ‘Adjective +Adjective’
a) After Life b) scare crow c) heart beat d) two-storeyed
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11
12. a. Preposition:
Method:  Tips:
 nghUj;jkhd preposition-I nfhLf;fg;gl;l 4  ,e;jg;gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f ,e;jf;
option-fspy; vJ rup vdf; fz;lwpe;J tpdhtpy; ifNal;by; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpdh tpilfis
Nfhbl;l ,lj;jpy; vOj Ntz;Lk;. ed;F gapw;rp nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.
Practice Questions:
Fill in the blank with the most appropriate preposition given below:
1. The child hid ______the stairs when the mother called her for a bath. (SEP - 2020)
a)among b) upon c) above d) under
2. Mulan heard this ______ her tent. (MDL - 19)
a) by b) from c) at d) for
3. He was ____________the sea now. (PTA - 1)
a) on b) to c) near d) with
4. There was pin drop silence ______ the room. (PTA - 2)
a) in b) to c) near d) with
5. The entire province trembled ______ dread. (PTA - 3)
a) in b) of c) on d) with
6. Keep the books ______ the table. (PTA - 4)
a) on b) to c) into d) with
7. Peter closed the hole ______ his finger. (PTA - 5)
a) in b) with c) on d) into
8. The fox jumped ___________ the well. (PTA - 6)
a) on b) to c) into d) with
9. All ______ once, the church clock struck twelve. (HY - 19)
a) in b) on c) of d) at
10. The young seagull was alone …… his ledge.
a) on b) of c) for d) with
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12. b. Prepositional Phrases (TB Unit 2 – Pg. No. : 42 - 44)
Method: nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s option-fspy; tpdhtpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Prepositional phrases-Ij; Nju;e;njLf;fTk;.
Tips: fPNo cs;s Prepositional phrases-fspd; gad;ghLfis ed;F njupe;J itj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.
fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpaq;fis ed;F gapw;rp nra;J nfhs;sTk;
Prepositional Phrases are formed by two-words or three-words combination of preposition such as
according to, along with, at the time of, because of, owing to, instead of etc.
xd;W my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l Preposition-fs; kw;w thu;j;ijfSld; ,ize;J cUthtJ
Prepositional Phrases MFk;.
Textbook Examples
Preposition Meaning Example
according to as stated by, on According to the weatherman, we can expect more
fUj;Jg;gb the authority of cold weather this week.
along with We have to give importance to Physical Education
together with
mNjhL $l along with all the academic subjects.
because of
on account of We stayed at home because of the bad weather.
fhuzj;jhy;
owing to I can’t accept your invitation owing to a previous
because of
fhuzj;jhy; engagement.
instead of in place of,
I wish I were going to the party instead of my brother.
gjpyhf substituting for
in the event of
in case of The match will be stopped in the event of heavy rain.
xUNtis ,JNghy ele;jhy;
Practice Exercises
Choose the correct prepositional phrase to complete the sentence:
1. The trial was conducted _________ the procedure of law. (SEP - 2021)
a) in accordance with b) due to c) despite of d) in addition to
2. The Kabadi match continued ________ heavy rains.
a) in the event of b) in spite of c) because of d) owing to
3. The Union Minister attended the UN summit ________ the Prime Minister.
a) on behalf of b) in case of c) by dint of d) on account of
4. He resigned ________ illness.
a) on account of b) In the event of c) In spite of d) for a while
5. ________the rain, the match was abandoned.
a) By dint of b) In the event of c) Owing to d) discuss with
6. ________ hard work, he passed in the examination.
a) In the event of b) By dint of c) In spite of d) along with
7. ________ her hard work, she got the first prize.
a) Because of b) In case of c) In spite of d) along with
8. ________ walking daily, you will be healthy.
a) In the event of b) Because of c) In case of d) according to
9. ________ his poverty, he is happy.
a) In the event of b) Because of c) In spite of d) along with
10. ________ my family members I ask your pardon
a) For a while b) In case of c) On behalf of d) in the event of
For book back exercises, Refer WTS Pg. No. : 16
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13
13. Tense (TB Unit 3 - Pg No. : 75 - 83)
Method: Tips:
 tpdh ve;j tense-y; cs;sJ vd;gijf; fz;Lgpbj;J  ,e;jg; gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f
mjw;Fupa rupahd verb form-If; fPNo cs;s ,f;ifNal;by; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Tips kw;Wk;
4 option-fspy; vJ vdf; fz;lwpa Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzq;fis ed;F gapw;rp nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.
(tpdh ve;j tense-y; cs;sJ vd;gijf; fz;Lgpbj;J mjw;Fupa rupahd verb form fPNo cs;s
4 option-fspy; vJ vdf; fz;lwpa Ntz;Lk;)
 tpdhtpy; jug;gl;l thf;fpak; 12 tense form-fspy; ve;j tense form vd;W key words-I gad;gLj;jp fz;lwpa
Kbfpwjh vd;W ghu;ff ; Tk;. (my;yJ) thf;fpaj;jpd; mu;j;jk; nfhz;L tense-I fz;lwpaTk;.
 Tense-I fz;Lgpbj;J tpl;lhy; me;j tense-f;F jFe;j verb form-Ij; Nju;e;njLf;fTk;.
Tenses Key Words Verb pattern
Simple Present always, regularly, usually V1 & V1 + s/es
Simple Past yesterday, last week V2
Simple Future tomorrow, next month shall/will + V1
Present Continuous now, at present am/is/are + Verb + ing
Past Continuous by this time yesterday, when was/were + Verb + ing
Future Continuous by this time next week will be/shall be + Verb + ing
Present Perfect already, just now, recently, so far have/has + V3
Past Perfect after, before had + V3
Future Perfect by next June shall have/will have + V3
Present Perfect Continuous since 1980, for five hours have/has + been + Verb + ing
Past Perfect Continuous for, since, for the past/last… had + been + Verb + ing
Future Perfect Continuous by next week/month/year.. shall/will+have+been+ Verb + ing
V1= Present verb V2=Past verb V3= Past Participle
Practice Questions:
Complete the following sentence using the most appropriate tense form of the verb given below:
1. If he ______ her, she would have waited for him. (SEP 2020)
a) Has informed b) informed c) had informed d) was informing
2. After he ______ his lunch, he went across to the window. (MDL - 19)
a) will finish b) finish c) was finishing d) had finished
3. The governor was _________at the wit of the youth. (PTA - 1)
a) pleases b) pleasing c) pleased d) please.
4. The medal _________ in the attic for twenty-nine long years. (PTA - 2)
a) hide b) hidden c) had hidden d) had been hidden
5. I wish most of all to _______ home to my family. (PTA - 3)
a) returned b) returning c) return d) has returned
6. He _______ to the American academy of arts and letters. (PTA - 4)
a) elected b) was elected c) electing d) has elected
7. We _______ in the kitchen, when the door bell rang. (PTA - 5)
a) cooking b) were cooking c) had cooked d) cooked
8. The poem _______about the multifaceted nature of women. (PTA - 6)
a) is talking b) talked c) talks d) has talked
9. ________ paid our bill and ascertained the location, we got into the car. (HY - 19)
a) Had b) Have been c) Having d) Has
10. His mother ________ as a software engineer in an MNC.
a) working b) works c) have worked d) work
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14. Linkers / Connectors (TB Unit 4 - Pg No. : 102 - 105)
Method: Tips:
tpdhtpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l 2 nrhw;nwhlu;fs;  nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 2 nrhw;nwhlu;fs; my;yJ 2 thf;fpaq;fs;
my;yJ 2 thf;fpaq;fis ,izf;f vg;gb xd;Wld; xd;W njhlu;Gs;sdthf cs;sJ vd;gijf;
optionfspy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l connectors-fspy; fz;lwpe;J mjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd connector-If; fPNo
rupahd xd;iwj; Nju;e;njLf;f Ntz;Lk;. cs;s gl;baypy ,Ue;J fz;lwpa Kaw;rpf;fTk;.
Conjunctions are also known as connectors or linkers or link words. We use Conjunctions to join words, a group of
words or sentences. There are three types of Conjunctions.
TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
 Coordinating Conjunctions link two groups of words that independently make sense.
2 jdpj;jdp mu;j;jk; nfhz;l thu;j;ijfs;> nrhw;nwhlu;fs; my;yJ thf;fpaq;fis ,izf;f ,it gad;gLfpd;wd.
Key words: and, but, yet,still, so, or, otherwise, as well as, for, etc.
Example: I rang up but he didn’t speak to me.
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
 These Conjunctions help us to introduce Subordinate Clauses
 They are also used to join Subordinate or dependent Clauses to Main clauses.
Xh; mu;j;jk; KOik ngw;w thf;fpaj;ij kw;nwhU mu;j;jk; KOik ngwhj thf;fpaj;Jld; ,izf;f
,it gad;gLfpd;wd.
Key words: when, as soon as, though, although, since, as, because, if, unless, in case, as long as, as much as,
until, till, after, before, whereas, while, therefore, so that, however, as if, etc.
Example: Unless you work hard, you cannot secure good marks.
CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
 These Conjunctions are always used in pairs.
 The two Connectors in each sentence that are related to each other are known as ‘Correlative Conjunctions’
N[hb thu;j;ijfshf ,Uf;Fk; ,it xd;Wf;nfhd;W njhlu;Gila 2 nrhw;nwhlu;fs; my;yJ 2 thf;fpaq;fis
,izf;fg; gad;gLfpd;wd.
Key words: neither.......nor, either.........or, not only.......but also, scarcely.......when, both........and, no
sooner.........than, such...... that, etc.
Example: Sheeba is both a singer and a dancer.
Practice Questions: Choose the most appropriate linker from the given four alternatives.
1. They faced many hardships _______ they are always cheerful. (SEP - 2021)
a) although b) nevertheless c) whenever d) otherwise
2. My uncle entered my house _______ I was doing my homework. (SEP 2020)
a) When b) Since c) whenever d) After
3. _______ he is ninety years old, he is in the pink of health. (MDL - 19)
a) When b) Since c) Even though d) Yet
4. _______ I looked up, I saw Mr. Hamel sitting motionless. (PTA - 1)
a) When b) But c) How d) Whenever
5. _______ did Muthu solve the problem? (PTA - 2)
a) When b) But c) How d) Whenever
6. ______ you work hard, you cannot secure good marks. (PTA - 3)
a) When b) But c) Unless d) Whenever
7. _______ winter comes, he gets worried. (PTA - 4)
a) though b) but c) how d) whenever
8. Women are strong, brave _______ resolute (PTA - 6)
a) still b) but c) and d) however
9. _______ a long minute, I slowly opened it again. (HY - 19)
a) When b) But c) After d) Who
10. We came late _______ we did not miss the train.
a) so b) but c) as d) and
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15
 Part II - 2 mark questions
PART - II
(2 Mark Questions : 20 Marks)
Qn. No.:15 - 18 SECTION - I : PROSE QUESTIONS 6 Marks

Tips:
 ,g;gpuptpy; 4 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; mtw;wpy; 3 tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; gjpy; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 2 kjpg;ngz;fs;. (Answer any three of the following questions in a sentence or two)
 ,e;jg; gFjpapy; Nfl;fg;gLk; tpdhf;fis rupahf vOj Prose gFjpapy; (Pg.NO.: 6 - 55)
nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; tpdh-tpilfis ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.
Qn. No.:19 - 22 SECTION - II : POEM COMPREHENSION 6 Marks

Tips:
 ,g;gpuptpy; me;je;j ghly; tupfSld; 4 set tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;> mtw;wpy; 3 set tpdhf;fSf;F
kl;Lk; gjpy; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthU set-f;Fk; 2 kjpg;ngz;fs;.
 ,e;jg; gFjpapy; Nfl;fg;gLk; tpdhf;fis rupahf vOj Poem gFjpapy; (Pg.NO.: 56 - 67)
nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; tpdh-tpilfis ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.
Qn. No.: 23 - 27 SECTION - III : GRAMMAR EXERCISES 6 Marks

Tips: ,g;gpuptpy; 5 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mtw;wpy; 3 tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; gjpy; mspf;f
Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 2 kjpg;ngz;fs; toq;fg;gLk;.
i. Active Voice & Passive Voice (TB Unit 1 - Pg No. : 14 - 16)

Method: Tips:
nfhLf;fg;gl;l  nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpak; ve;j tif (active voiceM my;yJ passive
thf;fpaj;ij tpdhtpy; voiceM) vd;gij Kjypy; ,dk; fz;Lnfhs;Sq;fs;.
Nfl;Ls;sthW active  gpd;du; thf;fpaj;jpd; mikg;ig (SVO M> SVIODOM> Imperative thf;fpakh
voiceMf my;yJ my;yJ Interrogative thf;fpakh vd – 4 tifffspy; vJ vd) fz;lwpaTk;.
passive voiceMf  fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s (steps) gbfs;> vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfisg; gad;gLj;jp
khw;wTk;. rupahd tpilaspf;f KaYq;fs;;.
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
 Active voice - nra;tpid : (mtd; ,jidr; nra;jhd; - ahu;? vd;w tpdhtpd; tpil)
The subject acts upon its verb. (subject tpidr;nrhy;ypd; nraiy nra;Ak;.)
Example : The dog chased the squirrel. (eha; mzpiy Juj;jpaJ)
 Passive voice - nrag;ghl;Ltpid (,J mtdhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ - vJ? vd;d? vd;w tpdhtpd; tpil)
The subject is the recipient of a verb’s action. (subject tpidr;nrhy;ypd; nraiy ngWk;.)
Example : The squirrel was chased by the dog. (mzpy; ehapdhy; Juj;jg;gl;lJ)
Example
Active Voice
Edison invented electric bulb.
vbrd; fz;Lgpbj;jhu; kpd;tpsf;if.
Passive Voice
Electric bulb was invented by Edison.
kpd;tpsf;;F fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ vbrdhy;.
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nky;yf; fw;NghUf;fhd vspa Kiw
Active Voice to Passive Voice Passive Voice to Active Voice
1) Subject - Object ,lk; khw;Wf 1) Subject - Adjunct(by+noun) ,lk; khw;Wf (Adjunct
,y;iynadpy; ehNk nghUj;jkhd by+noun
xd;iw fw;gid nra;J ,lk; khw;w Ntz;Lk;.)
2) Jiz tpidr;nrhy; ,y;iynadpy; is/ are/ 2) Jiz tpidr;n rhy;iy am / is / are / was/
was/were-y; xd;iw NghLf. were-I ePf ;F f.
3) Main verb-I PP (V3) Mf khw;wp mjw;Fg; gpwF 3) PP (V3) -I ‘be’ form verb-f;Fj; jFe;jJ Nghd;w
by NghLf. Main verb Mf khw;wp by-I ePf;Ff.
4) Nfs;tpapy; have/has/had te;jhy; mjw;fLj;J 4) Nfs;tpapy; have/has/had te;jhy; mUfpYs;s
been Nru;f;f. been-I ePf;Ff.
5) Nfs;tpapy; is/ am/ are/ was/ were te;jhy; 5) Nfs;tpapy; is/ am/ are/ was/ were te;J mUfpy;
mjw;fLj;J being Nru;f;f. being te;jpUe;jhy; being-I kl;Lk; ePf;Ff.
6) Nfs;tpapy; shall/ will te;jhy; mjw;fLj;J be 6) Nfs;tpapy; shall/ will/ can te;jhy;
Nru;f;f. mjw;fLj;Js;s be-I ePf;Ff.
Practice Questions:
Rewrite the following sentence to the other voice.
1. When will you finish the building? (SEP - 2021)
Answer: When will the building be finished by you?
2. You are advised not to be careless. (SEP - 2020)
Answer: Don’t be careless.
3. Please assemble in the ground. (MDL - 19)
Answer: You are requested to assemble in the ground.
4. I noticed a sudden change in Aditya’s face. (PTA - 1)
Answer: A sudden change in Aditya’s face was noticed by me.
5. The doctor kindly warned me. (PTA - 2)
Answer: I was kindly warned by the doctor.
6. M. Hamel mounted his chair. (PTA - 3)
Answer: M.Hamel’s chair was mounted by him. / His chair was mounted by M.Hamel.
7. They have asked me to pay the fine. (PTA - 4)
Answer: I have been asked to pay the fine by them.
8. You are making a cake now. (PTA - 5)
Answer: A cake is being made by you now.
9. Why have you left your brother at home? (PTA - 6)
Answer: Why has your brother been left at home by you?
10. Is he watching us? (TB)(HY - 19)
Answer: Are we being watched by him?
For more book back exercises, Refer WTS Pg No. : 12, 13
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17
ii. Direct - Indirect Speech: (TB Unit 5 - Pg No. : 145 - 147)
Method: Tips:
xU thf;fpak;  nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpaj;jpy; NgRgtu; ahu;? Nfl;gtu; ahu;? vd;W
nfhLj;J mjid ed;F Gupe;J nfhz;L Indirect speech Mf khw;wp vOjTk;;.
Direct/ Indirect  nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpak; ve;j tif vd;gij Kjypy; ,dk;
thf;fpakhf khw;wr; fz;Lnfhs;Sq;fs;.
nrhy;ypf;  gpd;du; thf;fpaj;jpd; gFjpfis fPNo nfhLj;Js;sthW kdjpw;Fs;
Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. gpupj;Jg; ghUq;fs;.
mt;thf;fpaj;ij
 gpwF fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 7 steps(gbfis)Ak; xt;nthd;whfr;
Nfl;fg;gl;Ls;sthW
nray;gLj;jpdhy; ,Wjpapy; rupahd tpil fpilf;Fk;.
khw;wp vOjTk;.
 ,e;jg;gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Tips
kw;Wk; cjhuzq;fis ed;F gapw;rp nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.
There are two main types of speech: direct speech and indirect or reported speech.
$w;W(Ngr;R) Neu;$w;W> maw;$w;W vd ,Utifg;gLk;.
 Direct speech : It is a sentence of the speaker’s exact words within the quotation marks.
Neu;$w;W : NgRgtupd; thu;j;ijfis mg;gbNa Nkw;Nfhs; FwpaPl;bw;Fs; Fwpf;Fk;; thf;fpakhFk;.
Example : Raj said to Krishna, “I have bought a new car.”
 Indirect/ Reported speech: It is a sentence of the speaker’s words without using exact words and
speech marks(quotation /questions and exclamatory marks).
maw;$w;W : NgRgtupd; thu;j;ijfis mg;gbNa $whky; NtW xUtu; $WtJ Nghy Nkw;Nfhs;
FwpaPbd;wp Fwpg;gpLk; thf;fpakhFk;.
Example : Raj told Krishna that he had bought a new car.
Parts of Direct & Indirect Speeches (Neu;$w;W & maw;$w;wpd; gFjpfs;):
Reporting clause Reported clause
Raja said to Kannan, “ I am talking with her now”.
Speaker Listener
Pronoun Pronoun
Reporting verb Reported clause verb Time
adverbial
Conjunction
Raja told Kannan that he was talking with her then.
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ePq;fs; nra;aNtz;ba gbfs; - RUf;fkhf
Direct to Indirect Indirect to Direct *,jid
 Step 1 - Reporting verb change  Step 1 - Reporting verb change mg;gbNa
 Step 2 - Add Conjunction  Step 2 - Remove Conjunction kdg;ghlk;
nra;Jnfhs;f
 Step 3 - Remove quotation marks  Step 3 - Put comma quotation
 Step 4 - Pronouns Change  Step 4 - Pronouns Changes
 Step 5 - Tense Change  Step 5 - Tense Change
 Step 6 - Adverbials change  Step 6 - Adverbials change
 Step 7 - Structure change  Step 7 - Structure change
Direct to Indirect: Consolidation of all changes

Interrogative Imperative Exclamatory
Changes Statement ‘Wh’/ Yes / Sentence
Word type
‘How’ No type
1. Reporting said said (Please) requested/ (Aha!) exclaimed joyfully
asked asked exclaimed
Verb change said to told (Don’t) ordered (Alas!) exclaimed sorrowfully
2. Add (Same if / to
that that that
conjunction Qn word) whether (Don’t) not to
 Speaker III person- vdpy; Mzh> ngz;zh> PluralM vdg;ghu;j;J I, my, me, we, our,
us ,tw;iw> Speaker-f;F cupa III person-Mf khw;wTk;.
3. Pronouns  Listener III person- vdpy; Mzh> ngz;zh> PluralM vdg;ghu;j;J You, your, you
Change ,tw;iw> Listener-f;F cupa III person-Mf khw;wTk;.
 Speaker I person vdpy; I, my, me, we, our, us ,tw;iw khw;wk; nra;a Ntz;lhk;.
 Listener I person - vdpy; You, your, you ,tw;iw cupa I person-Mf khw;wTk;.
4. Tense Present(V1) past (V2) Present(V1) Past (V2)
No change
Change Past(V2) Past Perfect(had+V3) Past(V2) Past Perfect(had+V3)
this  that ; these  those ; now  then ; thus  so ;
5. Adverbial
yesterday  the previous day / the day before ; last week  the previous week ;
Change
tomorrow  the next day / the day after ; next month  the month after
Adjunct - Subject
Verb - Subject vd
Verb - vd tpdhtpy;
6. Pattern No tpdhtpy; ,Ug;gij
No change ,Ug;gij Subject - No change
Change change Subject - Verb vd
Verb - Adjunct vd
khw;wTk;.
khw;wTk;.
Sam said She said to I said to The boy said,
She said,
Direct to Ram, “I me, “Where him, “Do “Sir, please He said to me,
“Alas! I lost
Speech am busy are you you like give me a “How tall you are!”
Example
my purse.”
now.” going?” cakes?” job.”
Sam told I asked The boy She exclaimed
She asked
Indirect Ram that him if he requested to He exclaimed me sorrowfully
me where I
Speech he was liked give him a that I was very tall. that she had
was going.
busy then. cakes. job. lost her purse.
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Indirect to Direct : Consolidation of all changes
Interrogative Imperative Exclamatory
Changes Statement
‘Wh’/‘How’ Yes / No Sentence type
requested, Exclaimed ,
1. Reporting said said asked- asked - ordered, said to exclaimed joyfully, said/ said to
Verb Change told  said to said to said to commanded exclaimed sorrowfully
asked, told
2. remove the Don’t remove to
that if / whether
conjunction Qn word not to that
 Speaker III person- vdpy; Mzh> ngz;zh> PluralM vdg;ghu;j;J he, she, his, him, her, they,
their, them - ,tw;iw Speaker-f;F cupa I person Mf I,my,me, we, our,us khw;wTk;.
3. Pronouns  Listener III person- vdpy; Mzh> ngz;zh> PluralM vdg;ghu;j;J he, she, his, him, her, they,
Change their, them -,tw;iw Speaker-f;F cupa II person(you, your, you) - Mf khw;wTk;.
 Speaker I person vdpy; I, my, me, we, our, us ,tw;iw khw;wk; nra;a Ntz;lhk;.
 Listener I person- vdpy;; I, my, me, we, our, us ,tw;iw II person (You, your, you) Mf khw;wTk;.
4. Tense past (V2) present(V1) Past (V2) Present(V1)
No change
Change Past Perfect(had+V3) Past(V2) Past Perfect(had+V3) Past(V2)
5. Adverbial that  this ; those  these ; then  now ; so thus; the previous day/ the day before  yesterday;
Change the previous week last week; the next day / the day after  tomorrow; the month after  next month
Subject - Verb vd Subject - Verb -
6. Pattern tpdhtpy; ,Ug;gij Adjunct vd;;gij
No change No change No change
Change Verb - Subject vd Adjunct -Subject
khw;wTk;. Verb vd khw;wTk;.
Ravi told She asked I asked Raju Ram requested his Rahul exclaimed She exclaimed
Direct Selvi that he him how old if he was mother to give him that it was a very with joy that she
Example
Speech was ready. he was. there. five rupees. tall building. had won the game.
Ravi said to She said to I said to Ramu said to his Rahul said, She said, “Hurrah! I
Indirect
Selvi, “I am him, “How Raju, “Are mother,“Please, give “What a tall won the game.”
Speech me five rupees.”
ready.” old are you?” you here?” building it is!”
Practice Questions:
Rewrite using indirect speech.
1. Balu said “Asia is the largest continent”. (SEP - 2021)
Answer: Balu said that Asia is the largest continent.
2. Maya said, “when is Zigzag coming here?” (SEP - 2020)
Answer: Maya asked when Zigzag was coming there.
3. “Where are we going, sir?” asked the aero-coachman. (MDL - 19)
Answer: The aero-coachman asked the gentleman where they were going.
4. “How did he get it?”, he asked. (PTA - 1)
Answer: He asked how he had got it.
5. He said, “I am glad they are strong”. (PTA - 2)
Answer: He said that he was glad they were strong
6. “Let not thine eyes be blinded, my son”, she said. (PTA - 3)
Answer: She advised her son not to let his eyes be blinded. (Note: Here ‘thine’ refers to ‘your’)
7. Srivatsav said, “I have been waiting for my friend in the park since 6 a.m.” (PTA - 5)
Answer: Srivatsav said that he had been waiting for his friend in the park since 6 a.m.
8. Report the following dialogue: (PTA - 6)
Mohan : I lost my wallet on the way
Sathya : Did you have any money?
Answer: Mohan told Sathya that he had lost his wallet on the way. Then Sathya asked him if he had had any money.
9. “He is very ill”, I answered. (HY - 19)
Answer: I answered that he was very ill.
10. Selvan said to Ram, “Can you climb the hill?”
Answer: Selvan asked Ram if he could climb the hill.
For more book back exercises, Refer Pg No. : 43
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iii. Simple, Compound, Complex (TB Unit 7 - Pg No. : 200 , 201)
Method: Tips:
nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;ij nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 2 nray;fs; Fwpj;j thf;fpaq;fs; vg;gb xd;Wld;
compound MfNth complex xd;W njhlu;Gld; cs;sJ vd;gijf; fz;lwpe;J mjw;Fg;
MfNth simple MfNth nghUj;jkhd Simple, Compound, Complex conjunctions-Ig;
Nfl;Ls;sthW gad;gLj;jp tpilaspf;f Kaw;rpf;fTk;. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s
khw;wNtz;Lk;. Tips kw;Wk; cjhuzq;fis ed;F gapw;rp nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.
1. SIMPLE SENTENCE: A Simple sentence consists of only one Finite Verb.

Simple Sentence vd;gJ xU Phrase-IAk; (Finite tpidr;nrhy; ,y;yhj xU nrhw;nwhliuAk;);> xU Main
clause-IAk; (mu;j;jk; KOikngw;w xU Finite tpidr;nrhy; cs;s thf;fpaj;ijAk;) nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
Because of her hard work, She won the medal.
mtspd; fbd ciog;gpd; fhuzkhf> mts; gjf;fk; ntd;whs;.

Phrase Main Clause
Examples:
1. Ramu is too poor to buy a bicycle.
2. Despite his old age, Raghav walked fast. (In these sentences, finite verbs are underlined)
2. COMPLEX SENTENCE: A Complex sentence has one Main Clause and one or more Subordinate Clauses.
Complex Sentence vd;gJ xU Subordinate Clause-IAk; (mu;j;jk; KOikngwhj thf;fpaj;ijAk;);> xU
Main clause-IAk; (mu;j;jk; KOikngw;w thf;fpaj;ijAk;;) nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
As she worked hard, she won the medal.
mts; fbdkhf cioj;jjhy;> mts; gjf;fk; ntd;whs;.

Subordinate Clause Main Clause
Examples
1. Ramu is so poor that he cannot buy a bicycle.
2. Though Raghav was old, he walked fast. (The parts of the sentences underlined are main clauses)
3. COMPOUND SENTENCE: A Compound sentence has two Main Clauses combined by a Coordinating Conjunction.
Compound Sentence vd;gJ ,uz;L Main clause-IAk; (mu;j;jKs;s thf;fpaq;fisAk;) ,uz;bd;
,ilapYk; xU conjunction-IAk; (,izg;Gr;nrhy;Yk;) nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
She worked hard and so she won the medal.
mts; fbdkhf cioj;jhs; mjdhy; mts; gjf;fk; ntd;whs;.

Main Clause conjunction Main Clause
Examples
1. Ramu is very poor and he cannot buy a bicycle.
2. Raghav was old yet he walked fast. (In these sentences, the words underlined are conjunctions)
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Key words for Simple, Complex and Compound Sentences
Simple Complex Compound
Base
(Phrases) (Subordinating Conjunction) (Coordinating Conjunction)
(1) In the event of / Incase of + If…can / will / could /
then only
Condition Possessive Adj +V+ing would
(1-a) In the event of not / Incase of
Unless…can / cannot must…or / or else /
Negative not + Possessive Adjective +
If……not + verb otherwise
Condition V+ing
Being..., As a result of,
(2)
On account of, Because of, As, Because, Since so / and so / therefore / hence
Reason
Due to, Owing to
(3) Inspite of/ Despite +v+ing, Though/ Although/
but / yet / still
Failed Results Despite + Possessive Adjective Even though
(4) very….and so… can/could
too…to… so…that…can/could not
too…to not
(5) On + verb +ing / Verb +ing and/ and at once/ and
As soon as, When, While,
Time immediately
(6) After + Verb +ing /
After and then
Time Having + PP verb
(7) Besides…. Besides..+verb+ing not only… but also and / as well as
(8)
Comparable to, comp.adj + of as… as / so… as / than
Comparison
(9) Place Everywhere / Everyplace Wherever, Where and
(10) Without… Without…+verb+ing after must…otherwise
Practice Questions:
Transform the following sentences as directed.
1. On Seeing the teacher the children stood up. (into compound) (SEP - 2021)
Answer: The children saw the teacher and they stood up.
2. Ramesh changed his dress and went out to play. (into simple) (SEP - 2020)
Answer: Changing his dress, Ramesh went out to play.
3. As Catherin is a voracious reader, she buys a lot of books. (into simple) (MDL - 19)
Answer: Being a voracious reader, Catherin buys a lot of books.
4. He is sick but he attends the rehearsal. (into simple) (PTA - 1)
Answer: Inspite of his sickness, he attends the rehearsal./ Inspite of being sick, he attends the rehearsal./
Despites his sickness, he attends the rehearsal.
5. If Ryan reads more, he will become proficient in the language. (into compound) (PTA - 2)
Answer: Ryan must read more then only he will become proficient in the language.
6. Neela followed my suggestions. (into complex) (PTA - 3)
Answer: Neela followed what I suggested.
7. Sita saw a snake. At once she ran away. (combine using a connector) (PTA - 4)
Answer: Seeing/ on seeing a snake, Sita ran away at once. (simple).
As soon as / when / As Sita saw a snake, at once she ran away at once. (Complex).
Sita saw a snake and / and so she ran away at once. (Compound).
8. The students were intelligent. They could answer the questions correctly. (into complex) (PTA - 5)
Answer: As the students were intelligent, they could answer the questions correctly.
9. Walk carefully lest you should fall down. (into Complex) (PTA - 6)
Answer: Unless you walk carefully, you will fall down./ If you don’t walk carefully, you will fall down.
10. Besides being an athlete, he is a singer. (into compound) (HY - 19)
Answer: He is an athlete and he is a singer.
For more book back exercises, Refer WTS Pg No. : 55
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iv. Relative Pronoun (TB Unit 5 - Pg No. : 144)
Method: Tips:
nfhLf;fg;gl;l 2 thf;fpaq;fisAk; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Tips kw;Wk;
jFe;j Relative Pronoun gad;gLj;jp xNu cjhuzq;fis ed;F gapw;rp nra;J
thf;fpakhf khw;wTk;. nfhs;Sq;fs;.
His / her / their/ its - Whose type
nfhLf;fg;gl;l 2 thf;fpaq;fspy; VNjDk; xU thf;fpaj;jpy; I / We vd;W te;Njh my;yJ I /
We vd;W tuhkNyh ,Ue;J> mLj;j thf;fpaj;jpy; His/her/their/its - vd;w thu;j;ijfs;
te;jpUe;jhy; gjpypy; Whose vd;w thu;j;ijAld; tUk; thf;fpak; tpilahf mikayhk;.
I met a girl. Her father is a doctor.
Answer: I met a girl whose father is a doctor.
He / She / they – Who type
nfhLf;fg;gl;l 2 thf;fpaq;fspy; VNjDk; xU thf;fpaj;jpy; I / We vd;W te;Njh my;yJ I /
We vd;W tuhkNyh ,Ue;J> mLj;j thf;fpaj;jpy; He/She/they - vd;w thu;j;ijfs; te;jpUe;jhy;
gjpypy; Who vd;w thu;j;ijAld; tUk; thf;fpak; tpilahf mikayhk;.
We saw the children. They sang well.
Answer: We saw the children who sang well.
He / She / they – Which / That type
nfhLf;fg;gl;l 2 thf;fpaq;fspy; VNjDk; xU thf;fpaj;jpy; I / We / VNjDk; xU egu; ngau;
te;Njh my;yJ tuhky; ,Ue;J> mLj;j thf;fpaj;jpy; It(mJ) /they(mitfs;) vd;w thu;j;ij
te;jpUe;jhy; gjpypy; which / that vd;w thu;j;ijAld; tUk; thf;fpak; tpilahf mikayhk;.
Amsa bought a pen. It is costly.
Answer: Amsa bought a pen which is costly.
him / her / them / it – Whom / Who type
nfhLf;fg;gl;l 2 thf;fpaq;fspy; VNjDk; xU thf;fpaj;jpd; ObjectMf him/her/them/it - vd;w
thu;j;ijfs; te;jpUe;jhy; gjpypy; whom/which(that) vd;w thu;j;ijAld; tUk; thf;fpak;
tpilahf mikayhk;.
He is the man. I want to meet him.
Answer: He is the man whom I want to meet.
Practice Questions:
Combine the sentences using Relative Pronoun
1. Kavita is my teacher. She teaches us English. (TB) (PTA - 4)
Answer: Kavita is my teacher who teaches us English.
2. I got the book. I lost yesterday. (PTA - 6)
Answer: I got the book which I lost yesterday.
3. I bought some apples in the market. They were costly.
Answer: I bought some apples in the market which were costly.
1. The old man lost his purse. He was crying.
Answer: The old man who lost his purse was crying.
2. Murugan is 58. He has just retired.
Answer: Murugan, who is 58, has just retired.
3. I like the boy. His temper is good.
Answer: I like the boy whose temper is good.
4. This is the book. I want to read it.
Answer: This is the book which I want to read.
5. Do you see the cat? It is on the roof.
Answer: Do you see the cat which/that is on the roof.
6. This is the house. Arun built it.
Answer: This is the house which Arun built.
7. I like Sujatha. His novels are very interesting.
Answer: I like Sujatha whose novels are very interesting.
For more book back exercises, Refer Pg No. : 43
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v. Punctuation
Method: Tips:
,e;j tpdhtpw;F tpilaspf;f nfhLf;fg;gl;l
thf;fpaj;jpy; Njitahd ,lq;fspy;>  ,e;jg;gFjp tpdhtpy; Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;s
 ngupa vOj;J - Capital letter (A, B, C…)
thf;fpaq;fSk; Nfl;fg;glyhk;. vdNt
 Kw;Wg;Gs;sp - Full stop ( .)
ghlg;Gj;jfj;jpy; mjpf epWj;jw;Fwp
cs;s thf;fpaq;fs; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
 fhw;Gs;sp - Comma (, )
gapw;rp nra;J nfhs;sTk;.
 Nkw;Nfhs;Fwp - Quotation marks ( “ ”)
 Nfs;tpf;Fwp - Question mark (?)  fPNo gl;baypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s Tipsfs;
 Mr;rupaf;Fwp - Exclamation mark ( ! ) kw;Wk; cjhuzq;fis Nju;Tf;F Kd;
,tw;iwj; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ,LtNj ,g;gapw;rp. ed;F gapw;rp nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.
Punctuation marks - Explanation

No Pun. Marks Description Examples
A sentence that start with capital letter Qn: she is clever
1 thf;fpaj;jpd; Kjy; vOj;ij Nfg;gplyhf;Ff Ans: She is clever.
Names (Person, place, month, day) – start
Qn: i met ravi and anitha
2 with capital letter. ngau;fSf;F Kjy;
Ans: I met Ravi and Anitha.
vOj;ij Nfg;gplyhf;Ff
i jdpahf te;jhy; Nfg;gplyhf;Ff. (I)
Qn: he and i finished the work ill sure
3 im te;jhy; I’m vd khw;Wf.
CAPITAL Ans: He and I finished the work. I ’ ll sure.
iveI’ve; illI’ll; idI’d
LETTERS
A, B, C, D ……Z Qn: he said id like to tell a news
Direct speech tUk;NghJ> “ ” Reported Ans: He said , “ I ’d like to tell a news . ”
4 part- y; mjhtJ nfhl;Nl\Df;Fs; Qn: where are you going asked ram
Kjy; vOj;ij Nfg;gplyhf;Ff.
Ans: “ Where are you going ? ” , Ram asked .
Abbreviations kw;Wk; Acronyms fis
Nfg;gplyhf;Ff> fly;fs;> MWfs;> Qn: a laser screen was invented by an isro scientist
5 nkhopfs;> ngau;fs; Kjy; vOj;J Ans: A LASER screen was invented by an ISRO scientist.
Capital Mf;Ff.
For list of things. mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; Qn: kokila bought a rubber a pencil and a note
6 nghUl;fs; te;jhy; fkh > NghLf. Ans: Kokila bought a rubber, a pencil, and a note.
COMMA
Direct speech tUk;NghJ> Reporting
, Qn : asraf said please lend me your bike
7 part- kw;Wk; Reported part-Ig; gpupf;f
Ans: Asraf said, “ Please, lend me your bike. ”
fkh > NghLf.
czh;r;rpfisj; njhptpf;Fk; Qn: alas ive lost my purse
EXCLAMATION thf;fpaq;fs;> thu;j;ijfspd; ,Wjpapy; Ans: “ Alas ! I ’ ve lost my purse . ”
8 MARK Mr;ru;af;Fwp (!) ,Lf
! O! Ah! Oh! Hurrah! Alas! Qn: what a brilliant game you play
What an idea! How tall he is! Ans: “ What a brilliant game you play ! ”
Direct speech tUk;NghJ $wg;gLk; Qn: he asked me where is your car
QUOTATION nra;jpahdJ “…”-f;Fs;Sk; Ngrpf; Ans: He asked me, “Where is your car?”
9 MARKS nfhs;gtu;fs; gw;wpa tptuq;fs; Qn: wow its amazing he said
“ ” “……”-f;F ntspNaAk; mikAk;. Ans: “Wow! It’s amazing” , he said.
i) add two 3s and five 4s  “Add two 3’s and five 4’s.”
Nkw;Fwp tpLgl;l vOj;Jf;fisf; ii) anithas bicycle  Anitha’s bicycle
fhl;lTk;> vz;fs;> vOj;Jf;fspd;
iii) dont run  Don’t run
APOSTROPHE gd;ikiaf; fhl;lTk;> Noun-d;
10 cilikia Fwpf;fTk; xw;iw iv) he doesnt go  He doesn’t go
’
Nkw;Nfhs;Fwp gad;gLfpwJ. v) ive done  I’ve done
(v.fh): im te;jhy; I’m vd khw;Wf. vi) ill do it  I’ll do it
vii) id been to ooty  I’d been to Ooty
Statement (nra;jp thf;fpaq;fs;)>
FULL STOP Qn: vivek writes well Ans: “Vivek writes well.”
11 Imperative sentence (fl;lis thf;fpaq;fs;)
. Qn: shut the door Ans: “Shut the door.”
Mfpatw;wpd; ,Wjpapy; Kw;Wg;Gs;sp ,Lf.
Qn: what is your name
QUESTION Nfs;tp thf;fpaq;fspd; ,Wjpapy;
Ans: “What is your name?”
12 MARK Nfs;tpf;Fwp ? ,l Ntz;Lk;.
(‘Wh’ ‘How’ qns/Yes or No Qns;.) Qn: have you finished your work
?
Ans: “Have you finished your work?”
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Practice Questions:
Punctuate the following sentence.
1. were you not a good student i asked (SEP - 2021)
Answer: “Were you not a good student?” I asked.
2. the general is a woman yelled the soldiers. (SEP - 2020)
Answer: “The General is a woman?” yelled the soldiers.
3. Wherefore said miranda did they not that hour destroy us (MDL - 19)
Answer: “Wherefore,” said Miranda, “did they not that hour destroy us?”
4. stand back stand right back he cried (PTA - 1)
Answer: “Stand back! Stand right-back! ”, he cried.
5. no its the inhabitants corley replied (PTA - 2)
Answer: “No, it’s the inhabitants”, Corley replied.
6. i said no i’m not don’t be silly (PTA - 3)
Answer: I said, “No, I’m not, don’t be silly.”
7. we had ghosts i said (PTA - 4)
Answer: “We had ghosts”, I said.
8. he was near the sea now flying straight over it facing out over the ocean (PTA - 5)
Answer: “He was near the sea now, flying straight over it, facing out over the ocean.”
9. be not so amazed daughter Miranda said Prospero (PTA - 6)
Answer: “Be not so amazed, daughter Miranda”, said Prospero.
10. We’ll sell the house and go back to Peoria (HY - 19)
Answer: “We’ll sell the house and also go back to Peoria.”
vi. Rearrange the Jumbled Words: (TB Unit 4 - Pg No. : 105)
Method: Tips:
gpupj;Jf; nfhLf;fg;gl;l  thu;j;ijfspy; finite verb vd;d nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gijf;
thu;j;ijfis xOq;FgLj;jp fz;lwpAq;fs;;.
mu;j;jKs;s thf;fpakhf  verb-Ig; gad;gLj;jp gpw thu;j;ijfis xOq;FgLj;jp rupahd
khw;w Ntz;Lk;. thf;fpaj;ij mikf;f Kaw;rpf;fTk;.
Format to rearrange the Jumbled words

 Try to find out the finite verb, subject and object from the scrambled words.
fiye;Js;s thu;j;ijfspy; finite verb, subject kw;Wk; object vd;d nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij;; fz;lwpAq;fs;;.
 Use the verb to make a correct meaningful sentence from the scrambled words.
verb-Ig; gad;gLj;jp fiye;Js;s thu;j;ijfis xOq;FgLj;jp rupahd mu;j;jKs;s
thf;fpaj;ij mikf;f Kaw;rpf;fTk;.
 Check whether the framed sentence is correct at last.
thf;fpa mikg;G xOq;fhf mike;Js;sjh vd ,Wjpapy; rupghu;f;fTk;.
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Practice Questions
Rearrange the words in the correct order to make meaningful sentences:
1. a) a sudden / it / Aditya’s / I noticed / asked / reason for / expression / and I/ change in / him the. (SEP - 2021)
b) at once / church - clocks / tweleve / all / the / struck.
Answer: a) I noticed a sudden change in Aditya’s expression and I asked him the reason for it.
b) All at once, the church-clocks struck twelve.
2. a) followed / suggestion / my / they (SEP - 2020)
b) hard-working / Mathew / was / businessman / a
Answer: a) They followed my suggestion.
b) Mathew was a hard-working businessman.
3. a) he saw / When / in the / platform / the train / he rushed. (MDL - 19)(TB)
b) as / I / healthy / are / you / am / as.
Answer: a) When he saw the train in the platform, he rushed.
b) I am as healthy as you are.
4. a) he sent / At the / for me / I was a / time / clerk. (PTA - 1)
b) slept / But / on / Zigzag / undisturbed.
Answer: a) At the time he sent for me, I was a clerk.
b) But Zigzag slept on undisturbed.
5. a) beckoning / calling / they were / to him / shrilly (PTA - 2)
b) amazed / how/ to see / I was / well / I /it / understood.
Answer: a) They were beckoning to him, calling Shrilly.
b) I was amazed to see how well I understood it.
6. a) Why / Nagen / uncle / asked / there / were / we. (PTA - 3)
b) was / alone / the / seagull / young / his / on / ledge.
Answer: a) Uncle Nagen asked, why we were there.
b) The young seagull was alone on his ledge.
7. a) must / them / the / be / by / culprits / arrested (PTA - 4)
b) results / they / the / will / publish.
Answer: a) The culprits must be arrested by them.
b) They will publish the results.
8. a) writing - system - telephone - am - to - I - about - banking - your - complain (PTA - 5)
b) You - believe - hear - should - what - never - you .
Answer: a) I am writing to complain about your telephone banking system.
b) You should never believe what you hear.
9. a) these / of / was / the / Ariel / chief (HY - 19)
b) jewels / in / My / safe / are / my
Answer: a) Ariel was the chief of these.
b) My jewels are in my safe.
10. a) to Chennai / our way / we / are on
b) the first cricket / cup in 1983 / world / India won
Answer: a) We are on our way to Chennai.
b) India won the first cricket world cup in 1983.
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SECTION - IV
Qn. No.: 28 ROAD MAP 2 Marks
(TB Unit 6 - Pg No. : 168, 169)
General Instruction:
,g;gpuptpy; 1 tpdh kl;LNk Nfl;fg;gLk;. ,J fl;lha tpdh. ,jw;F 2 kjpg;ngz;fs; toq;fg;gLk;.
Method: Tips:
 ,g;gFjpapy;> Road Map  Better draw the map and show your route. Then explain it.
glk; kw;Wk; nfhLf;fg;gl;l rhiy tiuglj;ij tiue;J ePq;fs; $Wk;
nry;yNtz;ba ,lk; topia ngd;rpiyg; gad;gLj;jp Rough-Mf tiuaTk;.
nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. fPo;fz;l thu;j;ijfis gad;gLj;jp tpil vOjTk;.
mtw;iwf; nfhz;L  Step down the road and turn left /right
topfhl;b thf;fpaq;fis  Go straight along the (Gandhi) road.
vOj Ntz;Lk;.  Walk past the park
 nghJthf fl;lisfis  Turn Right
(Imperative Sentence)  Turn Left
tpidr;nrhw;fspy; (Main  Cross the road
Verb) njhlq;f Ntz;Lk;.  It is opposite to the
 You will find the _ _ _ nearby
Practice Questions:
1. A stranger wants to visit the Museum. Write the steps to guide him to reach his destination.(SEP - 21)
Instructions to the stranger
 Go straight in Gandhi road.
 Then, turn right and go straight.
 Turn left and walk along M.K. Road.
 Turn left near the bus stop and go straight.
 Turn right and reach R.K. Hospital on your left.
2. A stranger wants to visit the Museum. Write the steps to guide him to reach his destination.(SEP - 20)
 Go straight.
 Turn right and go straight.
 Cross the temple.
 Then turn left and go straight.
 You will find the Museum on your right.
3. A stranger wants to visit the library. Write the steps to guide him to reach his destination. (MDL - 19)
 Start from here and reach Anna Road.
 Turn right and walk along the Anna Road.
 Reach Big Street and turn left
 Walk along the Big street and turn right
 You can find the library on your left.
4. A stranger wants to go to the park. Guide him to reach his destination. (PTA - 1)
 Start from here.
 Walk along the Mahatma Gandhi Salai.
 Don’t turn. Skip the temple on your left.
 You will reach Kamaraj Salai.
 Turn right. Walk few steps.
 You will find the park.
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 Part III – 5 mark questions
PART - III
Qn. No.: 29 - 32 SECTION - I (PROSE PARAGRAPHS) 2x5=10 Marks

,e;j section-y; 4 gj;jp tpdhf;fs; ghlg;gFjpapypUe;J Nfl;fg;gLk;. vitNaDk; 2 tpdhf;fSf;F
kl;LNk tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 5 kjpg;ngz;fs;.
Method: Tips:
 4 Prose paragraph  10 thf;fpaq;fspy; xNu gj;jpahf tpilaspf;fTk;.
tpdhf;fspy; vitNaDk;  3 prose gj;jp tpilfis ed;F gbj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.
2 tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk;  nky;yf;fw;Nghu; jq;fSf;F jug;gl;Ls;s late bloomers paragraph-I
tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;. ed;F gbj;J gpioapy;yhky; vOj gapw;rp nra;J nfhs;sTk;.
,g;gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F rupahd tpilaspf;f ,f;ifNal;by; cs;s ghlg;gFjp (Prose section)
(Pg.No.: 6 - 55) gj;jp tpdh-tpilfis ed;F gbj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.
Qn. No.: 33 - 36 SECTION - II (POEM) 2x5=10 Marks

,e;j section-y; 4 ntt;NtW tpjkhd tpdhf;fs; ghly; gFjpapypUe;J Nfl;fg;gLk;. vitNaDk; 2
tpdhf;fSf;F kl;LNk tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 5 kjpg;ngz;fs;.
,g;gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F rupahd tpilaspf;f ,f;ifNal;by; cs;s ghly;;gFjp poem section
(Pg.No.: 56 - 67) cs;s tpdh-tpilfis ed;F gbj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.
33 & 34 - Poem Paragraphs

Tips:
 10 thf;fpaq;fspy; xNu gj;jpahf tpilaspf;fTk;.
 Kjypy; 2 poem-fSf;fhd gj;jp tpilfisAk; ed;F gbj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; 2 gj;jp tpdh kw;Wk;
1 Poem Paraphrase f;fhd tpilaspf;f tha;g;G cs;sJ.
 kPj;jpwd; khztu;fs; vOj;Jg;gpio ,yf;fzg;gpio ,y;yhky; nrhe;j thf;fpaq;fspy; vOj
KayTk;. Kf;fpa nrhw;nwhlu;fis mbf;Nfhbl;L fhl;lTk;. Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ghly;
tupfis Fwpg;gpl;Lf; fhl;lyhk;.
 nky;yf;fw;Nghu; jq;fSf;F jug;gl;Ls;s late bloomers paragraph-I ed;F gbj;J
gpioapy;yhky; vOj gapw;rp nra;J nfhs;sTk;.
35. Poem Literary Appreciation

ghly; eak; kw;Wk; ,yf;fz tpdhf;fs;> ghly;(poem) gFjpapypUe;J Nfl;fg;gLk;.
Method: Tips:
 Rhyming words, Rhyme  nky;yf;fw;Nghu; ,e;j Nfs;tpf;F tpilaspg;gij jtpu;f;fTk;.
Scheme, Alliterated  kPj;jpwd; khztu;fs; Poem section-y; (Pg.no: 56 - 67) Literary
words kw;Wk; Figures of appreciation vd;w jiyg;gpd; fPo; cs;s tpdhf;fis ed;F
Speech vd 4 / 5 gbj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.
tpdhf;fs;  fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Figures of Speech- Consolidation -I
Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.
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36. Poem Paraphrase
Method: Tips:
 ghlg;Gj;jfj;jpd; ghly; gFjpapypUe;J  ,f;ifNal;by; cs;s ghly;;gFjp Poem section-y;
1 stanza (xU ghly; gj;jp) (Pg.no: 56 - 67) Poem Paraphrase vd;w jiyg;gpd;
nfhLf;fg;gl;L mjw;F tpsf;fk; fPo; nfhLf;fg;gl;l tpsf;fq;fis ed;F gbj;Jf;
vOJkhW tpdh Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. nfhz;L tpil vOjTk;.
nky;y fw;Fk; khztu;fs; ftdj;jpw;F :
 nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ghlypd; jiyg;ig Fwpg;gplTk;. (v.fh. Life)
 Kbe;jhy; ghlypd; Mrpupau; ngaiu Fwpg;gplTk;. (v.fh. Henry Van Dyke)
 Fiwf;fg;gl;l ghlj;jpl;lj;jpYs;s 3 Poem-fSf;Fkhd nghJthd tupfs; fPNo
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; fhypaplj;jpy; (……) Nfs;tpapYs;s ghly; tupfisNa nghUj;jkhd
thf;fpaq;fshf khw;wp tpilaspf;fTk;.
1. LIFE
This stanza is taken from the poem ‘Life” by ‘Henry Van Dyke.” It talks about the poet’s own reflection
on life ……………………………………… We should always be confident and optimistic.
3. I AM EVERY WOMAN
This stanza is taken from the poem ‘I am every woman’ by Rakhi Nariani Shirke. It talks about the
multifaceted nature of women. ………………………………. Thus, the poet praises the modern woman.
5. THE SECRET OF THE MACHINES
This stanza is taken from the poem “The Secret of the Machines” by Rudyard kipling. It talks about
the origin and functions of the machines ………………………..… Though Machines can do all works,
they cannot replace human beings.
Qn. No.: 37, 38 SECTION - III (SUPPLEMENTARY) 5 Marks

,e;j section-y; 2 tpdhf;fs; Jizg;ghlg;gFjpapypUe;J Nfl;fg;gLk;. vitNaDk; 1 tpdhtpw;F
tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F 5 kjpg;ngz;fs;.
Tips: nky;yf;fw;Nghu; 38-Mk; tpdhtpw;F rupahd tpilaspf;f Kaw;rpf;fTk;. (37-Mk; tpdhitj; jtpu;f;fyhk;)
37. SLR - Coherent order

Method: Tips:
 nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s  Jizg;ghlg;gFjpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s fijfis ed;F
Jizg;ghlf;fij gbj;J mjpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l Kf;fpa epfo;Tfis ed;F
epfo;Tfs; 5 jdpj;jdp njupe;;J nfhs;sTk;.
thf;fpaq;fshf mtw;wpd;  fijapd; nghUs; khwhj tifapy; mt;thf;fpaq;fis
tupir khw;wpj; Kjypy; vz;zpl;L(numbering) gpd;G xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf
jug;gl;bUf;Fk;. mtw;iw tupirahf vOjTk;.
mg;ghlf;fijapd; nghUs;  Supplementary Reader Section-y; (Pg.no: 68 - 75)
khwhj tifapy; nfhLf; f g; g l; Ls; s gapw; r p tpdhf; f is ed; F gapw; rp nra; J
tupirg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. nfhs; S q; f s; .
38. SLR - Answer the Questions Based on the Passage

Method: Tips:
 Jizg;ghlf;fijapypUe;J  Jizg;ghlf; fijfs; kw;Wk; mjpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l
xUgj;jp nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Kf;fpakhd epfo;Tfis ed;F njupe;;J nfhs;sTk;.
mjpy; 5 tpdhf;fs;  tpdhtpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thu;j;ijfs; gj;jpapy; ve;j
Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. gj;jpapy; thf;fpaj;jpy; tUfpwJ vd;gijf; fz;lwpe;J me;j
thf;fpaj;ij tpilahf vOjyhk;.
jug;gl;Ls;s thf;fpaq;fisg;
 Supplementary Reader Section-y; (Pg.no: 68 - 75)
gad;gLj;jp tpilaspf;f
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s gapw;rp tpdhf;fisAk; ed;F gapw;rp
Ntz;Lk;. nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.
.
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Qn. No.: 39 - 44 SECTION - IV (SKILL BASED QUESTIONS) 20 Marks
,e;j section-y; 6 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. vitNaDk; 4 tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 5 kjpg;ngz;fs;. ,g;gFjpapy; Prose section-y; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s LSRW gFjpfspy;
Nfl;fg;;gl;Ls;s Creative Writing Nfs;tpfSf;fhd tpilfis ed;F gapw;rp nra;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.
Tips: nky;yf;fw;Fk; khztu;fs; 39, 42 kw;Wk; 43 Mfpa tpdhf;fSf;F fl;lhak; tpilaspf;f Kaw;rpf;fTk;.
39. Advertisement from hints (TB Unit 1 - Pg. No. : 09 - 10 )
Method: nfhLf;fg;gl;l jfty;fisf; nfhz;L tpsk;guk; jahupj;jy;
Tips:
 tpsk;gu tbtikg;ig nra;a xU jdpg; gf;fj;jpy; border Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L njhlq;fTk;. (border- 1 kjpg;ngz;)
 Nfs;tpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; jfty;fSf;F Vw;wthW jiyg;G (tpahghu epWtdj;jpd; ngau;)
xd;wpid ngupa vOj;Jf;fspy; vOjTk;. (jiyg;G - 1 kjpg;ngz;).
 Nfs;tpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l vy;yh nrhw;nwhlu;fSk; (Phrase) tpilapd; ntt;NtW gFjpapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 FREE, OFFER, SALE, DISCOUNT Nghd;w thu;j;ijfis ngupa vOj;Jf;fspy; (Capital letters) Bold
Mf vOjp tl;lkplTk;. (ftu;r;rp thrfk; - 1 kjpg;ngz;).
 tpsk;guk; njhlu;ghd glq;fisf; fl;lhak; tiuaTk; (glk; - 1 kjpg;ngz;).
 tpsk;guj;jpd; fPo;gFjpapy; fl;lhak; Kftup> njhiyNgrp vz;> kpd;dQ;ry; kw;Wk; ,izajsk;
Nghd;w njhlu;Gnfhs;s Njitahd tptuq;fis fl;lk; fl;b vOjTk;. (Address - 1 kjpg;ngz;).
 Free gift vd vOjp mjw;Ff; fPNo gift-glk;; xd;W tiuayhk;.

*Fwpg;G : Advertisement-f;Fg; gjpyhf Poster Nfl;f tha;g;Gs;sJ. Writing tpdhtpy; vd;d
Nfl;bUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gjid ed;F ftdpj;J tpilaspf;fTk;.
An advertisement is an audio / visual / audio visual form of marketing

communication to promote or sell a product, service or idea.
xU nghUis> Nritia my;yJ xU fUj;ij kf;fspilNa gpugyg;gLj;j my;yJ tpw;f xyp/
fhl;rp/ xyp fhl;rp tbtpy; njhlu;G nfhs;s cjTk; re;ijg;gLj;Jk; KiwNa tpsk;guk; MFk;.
Sample Advertisement with Mark Allocation
Expected Mark Scheme

Title - 1 mark Outline - 1 mark Picture - 1 mark Caption - 1 mark Address - 1 mark
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Practice Questions:
Prepare an attractive advertisement using the hints given below.
1. Home appliances - Aadi Sale - 20-50% - Special 2. Tasty and hygienic - homemade taste - 200
Combo Offers - Aadhav & Co., Raja Street, varieties to select - purely vegetarian - Mani
Chepauk, Chennai. (TB) (MDL - 19) Vilas - V.E. Road - Tuticorin. (PTA - 1)
3. Service camp - Get exciting - discount in spare 4. Footwear for all - all sizes - endless variety - all
parts - avail free service - visit your nearest brands - under one roof - attractive offers -
Laptop World. (PTA - 2) Shoes and heels - 43, M.G. road, Villupuram.
(PTA - 3)
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31
40. Letter Writing (TB Unit 3,6,7 - Pg. No. : 72, 172, 199)
A letter is an important means of communication. Letters are broadly classified

into two types: Formal (Official) and Informal letter (personal).
fbjk; kpf Kf;fpakhd jfty; njhlu;G rhjdkhFk;. mit mYtyf fbjk; kw;Wk;
jdpg;gl;l fbjk; vd ,U tifg;gLk;.
Tips:
 Write the letter as per the Textbook Format.
fbjj;jpd; mikg;G ghlg;Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;sthW vOjTk;.
 Read the question and find out what is asked to write.
tpdhtpy; ahUf;F> vd;d Ntz;b fbjk; vOjr; nrhy;yp ,Uf;fpwhu;fs; vd;gij ed;F thrpj;Jg; ghu;f;fTk;.
 Use the given letter format below and try to frame simple sentences using the given question.
fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s fbj mikg;G Kiwapy; Nfl;fg;gl;Ls;s tpdhit gad;gLj;jp kpf
vspikahd thf;fpaq;fspy; vOjTk;.
Expected Marking Scheme

FORMAL /OFFICIAL LETTER INFORMAL /PERSONAL LETTER
1. HEADING ½ 1. HEADING ½
2. INSIDE ADDRESS ½ 2. SALUTATION ½
3. SALUTATION ½ 3. BODY OF THE LETTER & CLOSING 3
4. BODY OF THE LETTER & CLOSING 3 4. SUBSCRIPTION & SIGN 1
5. SUBSCRIPTION & SIGN ½ 5. SUPERSCRIPTION
6. SUPERSCRIPTION
Sample Letter with Mark Allocation

Ordering letter: Ms. Deepa an NGO writes a letter to the wholesale bookshop proprietor,
placing order for 100 copies of medium size English Oxford Dictionary.
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Practice Questions:
1. Write a letter to the manager of a famous /popular 2. Write a letter to a Sports Store ordering for Sports
daily/ children’s magazine ordering subscription goods for your school. (PTA - 2)
for your school library.
Xxx,
(TB - U.3, Pg.No: 74) (SEP - 2020, MDL - 19)
Govt. Hr. Sec. School,
Xxx, Yyy.
School Pupil Leader,
Govt. Hr. Sec. School, 25 January 2021
Yyy. The Manager,
25 July 2020 Vetri Sports Store,
Yyy.
The Manager,
The Hindu, Respected Sir/Madam,
P.B.No. 234, Subject: Ordering of Sports goods - Regarding.
Yyy. I am the school pupil leader of Govt. Hr. Sec.
Respected Sir/Madam, School, Yyy. We are in urgent need of the following
Subject: Subscription of a daily for school sports goods for our school.
library - Regarding. 1. Volley Ball - 4 No’s
I am the School Pupil Leader of Govt. Hr. Sec. 2. Ring Ball - 5 No’s
School, Yyy. We need your daily newspaper/ 3. Cricket Ball - 3 No’s
children’s magazine for our school library. We 4. Cricket Bat - 3 No’s
need one copy of Tamil edition and two copies of 5. Skipping Rope - 10 No’s
English edition newspaper/weekly magazine. I 6. Basket Ball - 2 No’s
would like to know the subscription details. Please Please send the quotation and we will send the
send us the details and send the dailies/weekly money through Demand Draft. We prefer SLR
magazines from next month onwards. Lorry Service to deliver our goods.
Thank you. Thank you.
Yours faithfully, Yours faithfully,
Xxx. Xxx.
3. Write a letter to the Headmistress / Headmaster of 4. Write a letter to the Inspector of Police,
your school requesting for a Bonafide certificate. complaining about the loss of your bicycle.(PTA - 3)
(PTA - 1) (OR) Imagine that you have parked your vehicle
Xxx, (two-wheeler)/ bicycle inside the school premises.
Yyy. You find it missing in the evening. Write a
complaint to the head of the school regarding this
25 January 2021 issue. (TB - U.3, Pg.No:
74)
The Headmaster, Xxx,
Govt. Hr. Sec. School, Yyy.
Yyy. 11 January 2021.
Respected Sir, The Police Inspector,

Subject: Request for a Bonafide Certificate – R3 Police station,
Regarding. Yyy.
Respected Sir/ Madam,
I am an old student of this school in 2018-19 Subject: Bicycle Lost - Regarding.
Academic year. I would like to join C.A., Yesterday I parked my bicycle near CS Bakery, Yyy
Fundamental Course. I have to submit my at 5.pm. When I returned half an hour later, I was
Bonafide Certificate to the institution. So, I request shocked to find my bicycle missing. I locked it
you to provide me Bonafide certificate. properly. I searched every nook and corner. It was a
‘Hero’ bicycle and the Number is HO 53431L. I shall
Thank you. be highly obliged and thankful, if you kindly take
steps to find out my bicycle.
Yours faithfully, Thank you,
Xxx. Yours faithfully,
Xxx.
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33
5. Write a complaint to the officer of the PWD 6. You are Raja. The street lights of your area do not
department to take immediate action for maintaining work properly. As a responsible citizen, write a letter
cleanliness in the Children’s Park in your locality. to the newspaper enlightening them about the
(TB - U.3, Pg.No: 74)(PTA - 4) problem and also suggest ways to brighten the area.
Xxx, Raja, (TB - U.6, Pg.No: 174) (HY - 19) (PTA - 5)
Kamarajar Nagar, 36, Dhilip street,
Yyy. Yyy.
25 July 2020. 23.8.2020
The Editor,
Chief Engineer, The Hindu,
PWD Department, Yyy - 600 000.
Yyy. Sir,
Respected Sir, Subject: Bad condition of the street lights - Regarding.
Subject: Complaint about lack of cleanliness of Through your daily, I like to bring to the notice
the children’s park - Regarding. of the authorities concerned the bad condition of the
street lights in Yyy. I am Raja. The street lights of my
There is a serious issue in our area that needs your area do not work properly. After getting dark, moving on
urgent attention. There has been no maintenance in our the streets is risky. People suffer a lot. Chain snatching
area children’s park for the past three months. Due to and accidents take place every now and then. Other anti-
lack of cleanliness, children in our area cannot enjoy it. social activities are also increasing. I appeal to the
Moreover the park is also used for some anti-social concerned authorities in the municipal corporation to
activities by the local persons. Kindly take necessary look into the matter and make the street lights functional
steps to solve this issue as soon as possible. again. I hope you will give space to my voice in your
esteemed daily.
Thank you Thank you.
Yyy. Raja.
7. You are Sudha. Your neighbour has a pet dog that barks 8. Ms. Deepa an NGO, placed an order for 100 copies
continuously. Write a letter to the Editor of a weekly of medium size English Oxford Dictionary to the
newspaper of your locality, highlighting the nuisance wholesale bookshop proprietor. After receiving the
and noise pollution created thus. Also suggest ways to order, Deepa finds that some of the dictionaries are
solve the problem. (TB - U.6, Pg.No: 174) (PTA - 6) damaged. So, she writes the following letter of
Sudha, complaint. (TB - U.3, Pg.No:73)
ABC road,
Yyy.
Ms. Deepa,
23.8.2020 NGO (Nalam Trust)
The Editor, Kalapet village, Nagappattinam District
CBE News,
bdeepa04@gmail.com
ABC road,
Yyy - 641001. 20 May 2020
Sir,
Subject : Nuisance caused by a pet dog - Regarding. The Proprietor,
Through the esteemed columns of your weekly Nizhal Book Shop,
newspaper, I wish to bring about the noise pollution and Chennai - 600 001.
the negative influences of it in our area.
I am Sudha. My neighbour has a pet dog that barks Sir / Madam,
continuously. It causes a great nuisance not only to us Subject: Complaint about damaged dictionaries -
but also the people who walk along the road. It barks Reg.
continuously at the people walking in the street. No one
could sleep peacefully. The students are not able to study On receiving the order of 100 copies of English
their lessons. The noise pollution disturbs the patients in Oxford Dictionary from your shop, I found that 25
our locality. They suffer a lot. copies of them were damaged. In some copies the pages
I think the dog is not properly maintained and trained by are missing and in some more copies the pages are not
its owners. The owners of the dog should vaccinate the dog in order. So, duly accept my complaint and replace the
at proper intervals. They have to feed it at correct time. damaged copies. Kindly, check the returned copies and
They should allow it to roam a few hours daily. Kindly replace them accordingly.
instruct them to train their dog well. Otherwise keep their
dog off from our area and reduce the noise pollution. Thank you.
Thank you.
Yours faithfully,
Yours faithfully,
Deepa.B
Sudha.
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9. Mr.Srinath lost his bag in an over-crowded train. The 10. You are Raja. You are upset about the bad influence
following is the letter of enquiry at the railway police of TV channels on the young children. You decide to
station Chengalpattu. (TB - U.3, Pg.No: 74) write a letter to the editor of a leading newspaper
suggesting measures to upgrade the standard. Write
Srinath B, this formal letter in about 100-120 words.
No.24, I cross,
Raja, (TB - U.6, Pg.No: 172)
Pon Nagar, Chengalpattu - 10. 26, V.O.C.Nagar,
bsrinath16@gmail.com Yyy.
25 July 2020 23.8.2020
The Editor,
The Commissioner of Railway Police, The Hindu,
A-2 Station, D-Nagar, Post Box No: 21,
Chengalpattu - 02. Yyy - 600001.
Respected Madam, Sir,
Subject: Enquiry on the status of earlier complaint - Reg. Subject: Negative influence of TV channels - Regarding.
I am a graduate seeking employment, residing in the Through the esteemed columns of your newspaper, I wish
above mentioned address. I lost my certificates on 15th July to bring about a public awareness of the negative influence of
2019, while I was returning home in the local train from TV channels on young children. Children spend the evening
Chengalpattu. As the train was overcrowded, I placed my watching channels that instigate only negative thoughts in
their minds. They are unwilling to go out and play in the fresh
bag on the rack above. When I was about to get off, I air. These depictions spoil their minds and negate their
noticed that my bag was missing. I was helpless and filed a character. Television is an effective social medium and also a
complaint with the Railway Police. I have given all the powerful tool for communication; it should telecast more and
details in the complaint letter on the same day. So far, I have more value-based programmes that will impress the children.
not received any response. I request you to take immediate I humbly request you to publish this letter so that television
action in this regard. channels improve their standard of telecast.
Thank you. Thank you.
Srinath B. Raja.
11. You are Gomathi, a resident of a colony adjacent to 12. You are Ajeet / Anand / Aruna, living in a remote village in
the Thamirabarani River. Daily you see many Tirunelveli/Salem. You participated in a health camp
people throwing waste into it, spoiling the pure organised by your school. You were surprised to observe
water. Write a letter to a newspaper showing your that most of the residents were unaware of health and
hygiene. As a concerned citizen, write a letter to the editor
concern about it and also voicing your worry. Give stating the need to organise such camps focusing on the
your suggestion to solve this problem. importance of health and hygiene.(TB-U.6, Pg.No: 174)
(TB - U.6, Pg.No: 173) Ajeet / Anand / Aruna, (SEP-2021)
Gomathi, 123, Sree Nagar,
1, Salai Street, Perur,
Tirunelveli. Tirunelveli / Salem.
23.8.2020
23.8.2020 The Editor,
The Editor, The Hindu,
Daily Thanthi, ABC Road,
PQR Road, Tirunelveli-627001.
Sir,
Tirunelveli. Subject: Awareness about the Importance of health
Sir, and hygiene - Regarding.
Subject: Stop polluting the River Thamirabarani – I am Ajeet / Anand / Aruna, living in Perur village in
Regarding. Tirunelveli. I participated in a health camp organized by my
school. I was shocked to observe that most of the residents
Through your daily, I like to bring to the notice of the were unaware of health and hygiene. Generally, these
authorities concerned the pollution of the Thamirabarani people don’t use toilets here. They use open areas. It leads
river. It is sad to note that people residing in and around the to the spread of major diseases. They don’t wash their hands
river bed, throw all their waste or dump garbage into the river properly. They are not aware of personal hygiene. There is
water. It has also been observed that they throw plastic bags a great need to organise such camps focusing on the
too. Though dustbins and containers have been provided importance of health and hygiene in these areas. The
authorities should conduct awareness programmes like
there, the public do not make use of it. Through this letter, let
Street plays, meetings and short films on personal and
me appeal to the public that they need to keep the river clean public hygiene. Government should use mass media for this
and not pollute it. I appeal to the authorities to take the cause. Since a nation’s power mainly relies on its human
necessary action to prevent this from happening in the future. power, it is the Government’s duty to keep its every citizen
Thank you. healthy and strong.
Thank you.
Gomathi. Ajeet / Anand / Aruna.
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35
13. You are Sanjay. Your colony utilises solar energy to light 14. You are Sadasivam. You recently visited your native
the common areas. You find many friends of your colony town in Vellore. You happened to accompany your
forgetting to switch off the lights in the common area. As a grandmother to your family temple. You were shocked to
notice the poor condition and maintenance of the temple.
responsible citizen, write a letter to a newspaper, echoing Write a letter to the Editor of local newspaper
the importance to conserve and preserve solar energy. highlighting the poor condition of the temple. Also give
(TB - U.6, Pg.No: 174) some suggestions and request the HRC to take steps to
Sanjay, improve the situation. (TB - U.6, Pg.No: 174)
45, Devarpuram, Sadasivam,
Yyy. 123, Kamarajar nagar,
Kancheepuram.
23.8.20
23.8.2020
The Editor,
The Editor,
The Times of India, The New Indian Express,
Post Box No.35, ABC road, Vellore-632001.
Yyy. Sir,
Sir, Subject: Poor condition of the temple - Regarding.
Subject: Importance of conserving and preserving solar Through your daily, I like to bring to the notice of the
energy - Regarding. authorities concerned the poor condition of the temples in
Vellore.
Through your daily, I like to bring to the notice of the I am Sadasivam. I have recently visited the XYZ temple
persons who misuse solar energy & the importance to in Vellore. I was shocked to notice the poor condition and
conserve and preserve it. maintenance of the temple. The walls and pillars of the
I am Sanjay. In our colony, we use solar energy for street temple are damaged. People spit beetle juices here and
lights. But the residents in our colony forget to switch off there. There is no proper light facilities. No one takes care
the lights in the morning. We waste the solar energy of it. People are throwing waste in and around the temple.
The sculptures are not well maintained. The tourists
unnecessarily. Nobody cares the importance of solar energy hesitate to enter the temple. HR and CE department should
present days. Though sunlight is abundant in our area, we take necessary steps to renovate the damaged parts of the
should not waste it. We should conserve it as much as temple. There must be fencing around the temple. Steps
possible so that we can use the energy for more area. We like installation of CCTV cameras, putting guards on duty
should maintain the solar powered street lights by to maintain proper cleanliness should be taken.
organizing a volunteer team. I request you to publish this news through the columns
As a responsible citizen, everyone should take steps to of your esteemed daily. I also appeal to the HR and CE to
look into the problem and do the needful.
conserve and preserve solar energy.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Yours faithfully,
Yours faithfully, Sadasivam.
Sanjay. *Note: HRC - HR & CE - Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments
15. Vimala had purchased a laptop last year. She writes the 16. You are a librarian in a newly established school. Write
following letter to the shop enquiring about the warranty a letter to the book dealer inquiring about the list of
coverage for the damage caused. (TB - U.7, Pg.No:199) newly arrived English children's story books and
various subject books relevant to 10-14 age groups.
M.Vimala, Xxx, (TB - U.7, Pg.No: 199)
342, Annai Theresa Street, The Librarian,
Yyy. Success Hr. Sec. School,
vimala1980@gmail.com Yyy.
8th August 2020 18.10.2020.
The Manager,
The Manager, Rasi Book Shop,
Digital Electronics, Periyar Road,
Yyy. Yyy.
Madam / Sir, Madam / Sir,
Subject: Request for list of books - Regarding.
Subject: Damage replacement - Enquiry - Regarding. I am Xxx, the librarian of Success Hr. Sec. School, Yyy.
Last year, I purchased a new Lenovo laptop at your shop, Our school management has decided to set up a library to
during the New Year offer. Now, the laptop's display gets improve reading habit among the students. We intend to
purchase English story books and other subject books for
damaged. So I need to know whether there is any free children in the age group of 10-14 years.
replacement coverage or warranty period that covers the cost I request you to send us a list of newly arrived Children’s
of repairing. Please, let me know the best way to address this English story books and other subject books. I want to know
issue. the cost of the books to proceed further on purchasing the
required books. Awaiting your immediate reply.
Thank you
Thank you.
Yours faithfully, Yours Sincerely,
Vimala. M Xxx.
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17. Venkat hails from a remote village of Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu who aspires to
become an IAS officer. Currently, he is in class X. He notices an advertisement on free classes
for the IAS aspirants by a trust in a newspaper. He writes a letter to the coordinator of the
trust inquiring for further details. (TB - U.7, Pg.No: 199)
S. Venkat,
No.12, Nesavalar Street,
Mettukuppam,
Kancheepuram.
18.08.2020
The Coordinator,
Way to Success Trust,
Mela Chinthamani,
Tiruchirappalli.
Sir,
Sub : Enquiry about joining IAS Academy - regarding.
Ref : Your advertisement in ‘The Hindu’ dated 16.08.2020
I am Venkat studying 10th Standard in Government High school, Mettukuppam, in Kancheepuram
District. I have come across your advertisement in “The Hindu” dated 16.08.2020. I am very excited
to know that you commence free classes for the IAS aspirants in January 2021. I am hailing from a
very poor family living in a remote village of Kancheepuram District. My parents are working as
coolies. In spite of my poverty, I wish to become an IAS Officer to serve our country. I like to know
the following details:
1. Am I eligible to join the academy after completing my 10th standard?
2. How can I get your application form?
3. What are the documents to be produced at the time of joining?
Please let me know the procedure and kindly reply.
Thank you
Yours faithfully,
S. Venkat
18. Write a letter to the head of the BSNL office enquiring regarding the internet broadband scheme
launched recently. (TB - U.7, Pg.No:199)
Xxx,
No: 21, Velu Nachiyar Street,
Yyy.
18.03.2020.
The General Manager,
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL)
Yyy.
Sir,
Sub: Enquiry about Broadband Connection - Regarding.
Ref: Your advertisement in ‘The Hindu’ daily, dated 16.03.2019
I have seen your advertisement in ‘The Hindu’ daily dated 16.03.2019 regarding the new launch of
broadband plans.
In your advertisement, you have mentioned the new launch of Fiber to Home (FTH) scheme with
many offers to the Customer.
I like to know the difference between ordinary Broadband connection & the newly launched Fiber to
Home (FTH) services. What will be the initial deposit I have to pay against those schemes? Please send
me the Tariff Plan for both the Broadband and FTH Schemes.
Awaiting your reply.
Thanks & Regards,
Xxx.
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37
41. a. Notice Writing (TB Unit 4 - Pg. No. : 112 - 113 )
A notice is a formal means of communication. The purpose of a notice is to announce

or display information to a specific group of people. Notices are generally meant to be
pinned up on specific display boards in schools or in public places.
mwptpg;G vOJjy; vd;gJ xU jfty; njhlu;G Kiw MFk;. mwptpg;G vd;gjd; Nehf;fk;
xU Fwpg;gpl;l FOTf;F Njitahd jftiy kl;LNk nrhy;Yjy; MFk;. nghJ ,lq;fs;
my;yJ gs;sp tpsk;gug; gyiffspy; mwptpg;Gfs; vOjpitf;fg;gLk;.
Format of a notice.
 Method and Tips:
tpdhtpy; Nfl;Ls;sthW xU mwptpg;ig xU fl;lj;jpw;Fs;  Notice
(within a box) vOj Ntz;Lk;.  GHS School, YYY
 Notice vd Kjypy; vOjTk;.
 (vd;d epfo;r;rp vd vOjTk;)…..
 gs;sp/ epWtdj;jpd; ngaiuf; Fwpg;gplTk;.
 vd;d epfo;r;rpf;fhd mwptpg;G vd Fwpg;gplTk;.  ……(ehs;> khjk; vOjTk;)……
 ehs; khjk; tUlk; Fwpg;gplTk;.  All are informed that ……….
 vd;d fhuzj;jpw;fhd mwptpg;G vd nrhe;j thf;fpaq;fspy; I invite him/her to light the lamp and
vOj Kaw;rpf;fTk;. Nfs;tpapy; cs;s thu;j;ijfis
nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; tpilahf gad;gLj;jyhk; speak a few words.
Example: (All are informed that ……. / Interested ones Interested ones kindly contact XXX.
kindly contact ….. / Take precautionary measures)
 XXX
 tpdhtpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s> mwptpg;ig nrhd;dtu; ngau;
kw;Wk; gjtpiaf; Fwpg;gplTk;. Incharge / SPL / Secretary
Practice Questions:
Sample Notice with Expected Mark Allocation
1. You are Nikil/ Nikitha/ Adhira/ Adhiran, school pupil leader of GHSS, Trichy. Prepare a notice on
behalf of your school inviting the grandparents of the students to celebrate World Elders’ Day in
your school auditorium on the 20th of next month. (TB - U.4, Pg.No: 112 - Sample) (MDL - 19)
NOTICE
GOVERNMENT HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, TRICHY 1 mark
World Elders’ Day
15 November 2020
All the students are informed that our school is going to celebrate World Elders’
Day on 20th December 2020 at 3.30 p.m. in our school auditorium. Interested students
3 marks
are requested to bring their grandparents for the celebration. Tea and snacks will be
provided. Fun activities will also be organised.
Nikil/ Nikitha/ Adhira/ Adhiran
Head Boy/ Head Girl 1 mark
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2. You are Aruna / Akash / Deepan / Deepa, the literary Association Secretary of GHSS, Madurai.
Prepare a notice on behalf of your school, inviting the students to participate in the oratorical
competition to be conducted next month. (SEP - 2021, 2020)
NOTICE
GOVERNMENT HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, MADURAI
Oratorical competition
13th October 2020
All the students are informed that the Literary Association of our school is going to organize an
oratorical competition on behalf of the Children’s day (14th November 2020) in our school
premises. Interested students are requested to meet their class teachers and enroll in this
competition. There are attractive prizes for winners.
Aruna / Akash / Deepan / Deepa,
The Literary Association Secretary,
GHSS, Madurai.
3. You are Divya/ Dinesh school pupil leader of GHSS, Pattukottai. Your Principal has requested you
to inform the students about a trip to Yelagiri. Prepare a notice giving the details such as date of
journey, mode of transportation, amount, dress code etc. (PTA -2) (TB - U.4, Pg.No: 112. Qn.1)
NOTICE
GOVERNMENT HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, PATTUKOTTAI
Trip to Yelagiri
12 February 2021
All the students are informed that our school Headmaster has arranged for a trip to Yelagiri
for three days. Interested students are requested to pay Rs.600 on or before 20 February 2021.
The tourist bus will start at 6.00 a.m., on 27 February 2021. Please bring casuals and sweaters.
Divya/Dinesh
SPL.
4. You are the Secretary of Park Circus Residents Welfare Association. Write a notice to
inform the residents of your colony of a Meditation program under the guidance of
Dr. P. Ranjit with a view to understanding the self-better. The program is exclusively for
the residents. It will be conducted on the second Saturday of the following month from
7.00 a.m. to 9.00 a.m. at the children’s park nearby. (TB - U.4, Pg.No:112. Qn.2)
NOTICE
PARK CIRCUS RESIDENTS WELFARE ASSOCIATION
Meditation Program
17 November 2020
This is to inform all residents of our colony that there will be a meditation program under
the guidance of Dr. P. Ranjit for understanding the self-better. The program will be conducted
on the second Saturday of the following month from 7.00 a.m. to 9.00 a.m. at the nearby
children’s park.
Kumar
Secretary
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39
41. b. Report Writing (TB Unit 1 - Pg. No. : 10, 11 )
A report is designed to lead people through the information in a structured
way, and also to enable them to find the information that they want quickly
and easily. It is a short, sharp, concise document which is written for a
particular purpose and audience.
mwpf;if vd;gJ jftiy rupahd xU fl;likg;G Kiwapy; kf;fis topelj;Jtjw;f;F
tbtikf;fg;gl;ljhFk;> NkYk; jftiy tpiuthfTk; vspjhfTk; njupe;Jnfhs;tjw;fhf
jahu;nra;ag;gLtjhFk;. ,J xU Fwpg;gpl;l Nehf;fj;Jf;fhfTk; Fwpg;gpl;l
ghHitahsHfSf;fhfTk; kpf vspa njspthd RUq;fpa tbtpyhd jfty; jpul;lhFk;.
Format of a report.
 Method and Tips
tpdhtpy; Nfl;Ls;sthW xU mwpf;if jahu;  Title of the report
nra;aNtz;Lk;.  Report Writer’s name
 mwpf;if vJ gw;wp (vd;d tpoh) vd
jiyg;ig vOjTk;.  What…? (name of the event)
 mwpf;if jahu; nra;gtu; ngau; (m) Xxx vd  When…? (day and time of the event)
- ngaiuf; Fwpg;gplTk;.
 Where…? (venue of the event)
 (tpoh) ehs; khjk; tUlk; Fwpg;gplTk;.
 tpohtpd; epfo;Tfis tupirahf xU  Why…? (the purpose of the event)
gj;jpasT vOjTk;.  Who…? (Chief guest,)
 tpoh epfo;Tfs; njhlf;f epfo;r;rp> rpwg;G
epfo;Tfs;> guprspg;G> ed;wpAiu> ehl;Lg;gz;  How…? (details of the event, its impact etc.)
vd ,Uf;FkhW vOjTk;.  Use simple sentences in the Past Tense.
 ,itaidj;Jk; xU fl;lj;jpw;Fs;
 Be brief. Do not exaggerate the event.
tUkhW(within a box) vOj Ntz;Lk;.
Expected Mark Allocation

Title - 1 mark Name & Date - 1 mark Content of the report - 3 marks
Practice Questions
1. You are the coordinator of the science forum of your school. An event had been organized on
account of National Science Day for the members of the forum. Now, write a report on the
observation of “National Science Day” at your school. (TB - U.1, Pg.No: 11. Qn.3) (PTA - 4)
National Science Day
- Xxx
th
28 February 2020
The Science Forum of Government Higher Secondary School, Yyy organised ‘National
Science Day’ on 28th February at 3.00 p.m. The well-known physician of our town
Dr.Ezhilan was the chief guest. All the members of the forum participated with full vigour.
Lot of exhibits were displayed by the students of all the classes. Our chief guest was much
impressed by the performance of our students and conveyed his appreciation. It was really
an occasion to bring out the hidden talents of the students. Our Headmaster delivered
welcome speech. Our chief guest’s speech on ‘Rationalism’ was awesome. At last the vote
of thanks was delivered by Xxx, the coordinator of the Science Forum. The programme
ended with the National Anthem.
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2. ‘Educational Development Day’ was organized in your school on 15 th July. The District
Collector was the Chief Guest of the event. As part of the event, many competitions were held
and the prizes were distributed to the winners and participants. It was a grand and successful
event. Now, as the member of the organizing committee, write a report on the event in about
120 words. (TB - U.1, Pg.No: 11. Qn.1) (PTA - 6)
Educational Development Day

- Xxx
15th July 2019
Government Higher Sec. School, Yyy, organized the ‘Educational Development Day’ on 15 th July.
The event was organized to stress the Value of Education. Nearly 1500 students participated in the
event. The programme consisted of many interesting competitions. The District Collector was the
chief guest of the event. He was welcomed by our Head Master. Many students participated in the
competitions and proved their mettle. The District Collector delivered chief guest address to the
students. Prizes were distributed to the winners and participants. Vote of thanks was proposed by the
school pupil leader. Finally the programme ended with the National Anthem. It was a grand success.
3. Write a report on the Annual Sports Day of your school. (TB - U.1, Pg.No:11 - Sample)
Annual Sports Day

- Xxx, X - C
29th August 2020
Government Higher Secondary School, Yyy, organized the Annual Sports Day on August 29,
2018. The event was to inculcate the spirit of sportsmanship and fondness for sports in children.
Approximately 1,000 students participated in the track and field events. The program began with
a prayer rendered by the school choir. Following this, the Headmaster delivered the welcome
speech. The Sports Day was inaugurated by the Chief Guest, followed by the march past, led by
the school pupil captain with a placard bearing the name of the school and motto. Then the much
awaited track and field events began. As the events went by, the school campus reverberated with
enthusiastic cheers from the spectators. Many new school level records were made in 50 metres,
100 metres, and 200 metres races. The merit and participation certificates were given away by
the Chief Guest and Guests of Honour. In his speech, the Chief Guest praised the endeavours of
the school. Then, the Headmaster proposed the vote of thanks. The event ended with the National
Anthem.
4. You are the School Pupil Leader. You have been asked to write a report on the Inaugural
Ceremony of English Literary Association of your school which was held recently. Write a
report on the same in not more than 120 words. (TB - U.1, Pg.No: 11. Qn.2)
Inaugural Ceremony of English Literary Association

- Xxx, X-A
16th June 2020
Government Higher Sec. School, Yyy organized ‘Inaugural Ceremony of English Literary
Association’ on 15th June. It was held under the presidentship of Prof. R.Karuna. Members of the
Association were elected. Cultural programmes - English Drama ‘Othello’, music and dance were
performed in the excellently decorated stage. Students displayed their histrionic talents. Our chief guest
was much impressed by the performance of our students and conveyed his appreciation. All the spectators
enjoyed the events a lot. The teachers of the English Department and the Headmistress guided the students
to conduct the events properly. The merit and participation certificates were given away by the Chief
Guest. At last the programme came to an end with the vote of thanks and the National Anthem.
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41
41. c. Drafting a Speech (TB Unit 2, 5 - Pg. No. : 39 - 40, 135)
Format of a report.
Method:  Good evening/ morning everyone
tpdhtpy; Nfl;Ls;sthW xU
nrhw;nghopit NgRtJ vg;gb vd  I heartily welcome you all on behalf of GHS School,
ciu jahupf;f Ntz;Lk;. YYY…(Nfs;tpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ngau;)…, for
 midtUf;Fk; tzf;fk; nrhy;yTk;. …(vd;d epfo;r;rp vd vOjTk;)…
 midtiuAk; tuNtw;fTk;.  jiyg;gpw;F nghUj;jkhd jfty;fis kpf
 Fwpg;gpl;l jiyg;gpw;Fupa jfty;fis ,dpikahd Kiwapy; jahu; nra;aTk;.
tupirf;fpukkhf, Nfl;NghUf;F rypg;G
cz;lhf;fhjthW juTk;.  Thank you for giving me this opportunity.
 ed;wp njuptpf;fTk;. ,e;j tha;g;gspj;jikf;F ed;wp.
Sample:
Write a speech for your school Literary Association celebration with the given lead. (TB - 40)
1) Opening Good morning dear members,
I am very glad to welcome you to the first annual meeting of our English
2) Purpose
literary association.
You would be pleased to know that several award winning authors would visit
3) Audience our place to deliver lectures on the importance of English language learning,
its usage, and application to the modern world on this auspicious occasion.
4) Language - Some I stand before you all to address the aim of this association that is why we
Good Describing should learn English in this technological advanced world. English is the
Words (Adverbs window to the world. More than 750 million people speak English around
and Adjectives), the world. So, it plays an important role in our life. With the learning of
Emotive Words, English, we can communicate with people around the world. So we must
Imagery etc. learn it with full spirit.
Thank you for giving me this opportunity. Let’s us all unite together to
5) Ending
achieve the aim of our association.
Expected Mark Allocation

Opening - 1 mark Speech - 3 marks Ending - 1 mark
Practice Questions
1. Draft a speech welcoming the chief guest on the Independence Day celebration. (PTA - 5)
Good evening everyone,
I heartily welcome you all on the behalf of GHS School, YYY, for the grand occasion of our
country’s 73rd Independence day.
I on the behalf of everyone, heartily welcome our Chief Guest, Mr.ABC, who is the social
worker and educationist. Mr.ABC is a well-known name in the matters related to Women
Empowerment. So, give a huge round of applause as I call upon Mr.ABC, to light the lamp
and request him to speak a few words.
Thank you for giving me this opportunity. Let’s us all unite together.
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42. Picture Comprehension
Method: Tips:
glk; ghu;j;J  glj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; tptuq;fis Gupe;Jf;nfhz;L 5 vspa
fUj;Jfis 5 thf;fpaq;fspy; vOjTk;.
tupfspy; vOjTk;.  Fiwe;jgl;r kjpg;ngz; ngw gpd;tUk; thf;fpaq;fs; Nghd;Wk; vOjyhk;.
My views about this picture: vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf
1) This picture is about ……(jiyg;G)………. boy-rpWtd; girl-rpWkp man-Mz;
2) This picture contains many ideas. woman-ngz; tree-kuk; flower -kyu;
3) I like this picture. vehicle-tz;b road-rhiy animal-kpUfk;
house-tPL flood- nts;sk; pollution- khRghL
4) It is meaningful.
rain-kio famine-twl;rp fire-neUg;G
5) It is very natural. people-kf;fs; shop-fil some birds-rpy gwitfs;
6) I see _______ in the picture. migration-Gyg;ngau;T
(glj;jpy; cs;s nghUl;fspd; ngau;fis vOjTk;.) Natural calamity- ,aw;ifr; rPw;wk;
Practice Questions:
1. Look at the following picture and express your views on it in a paragraph of five sentences.
Answer (SEP - 2021)
 This picture shows a women kabaddi match.
 The raider tries to touch the boundary line.
 The defenders are trying to tag the raider.
 All the players are playing aggressively.
 I am also a Kabaddi player. So, I like this picture.
2. Look at the following picture and express your views on it in a paragraph of five sentences.
Answer (SEP - 2020)
 This picture shows a girl with her dog.
 She is hugging her dog.
 Both are playing with a ball.
 She is appreciating her dog for bringing back the ball.
 Both look so happy.
3. Look at the following picture and express your views on it in about five sentences. (MDL - 19)
Answer
 This picture shows a heavy flood in a city.
 Children are carried by their parents.
 We can see hip level of flood water.
 I think there is no proper drainage system in this place.
 The Government should take necessary steps to avoid
this type of natural disaster by proper planning.
4. Look at the following picture and express your views on it in about five sentences. (PTA - 1)
Answer
 The picture must be a park.
 Children are playing there.
 A girl is swinging. A boy is running.
 Two boys are playing football. Two girls are talking.
 Two girls are playing see-saw.
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43
43. Notes (OR) Summary Writing
Method: Tips:
nfhLf;fg;gl;l gj;jpia ed;F  rpy Ntisfspy; Note Making, Summary Writing ,tw;wpy;
gbj;Jf; nfhz;L mjd; VNjDk; xd;wpid kl;Lk; Nfl;f tha;g;G cs;sjhy;
Fwpg;Gfis vOj Ntz;Lk;. ,uz;ilAk; ed;F gapw;rp nra;J nfhs;sTk;.
(my;yJ) mjid %d;wpy; xU  nky;yf; fw;Fk; khztu;fs; ,g;gFjpf;fhd tpdhit
gFjpahf RUf;fp vOj Ntz;Lk;. fz;bg;ghf vOjTk;.
Note Making - Tips

Fwpg;G: tpilahdJ (word/ words/ phrases/ clauses)Mf ,Uf;fyhk;. thu;j;ijfSf;F ,ilNa
rpwpaNfhL Nghl;Nlh my;yJ NghlhkNyh (With/ without dash marks) vOjyhk;. tpil thf;fpakhf
,Uf;f Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy (Not necessary to write in a form of sentence).
tpil vOJk; Kiw
1. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s gj;jpfis ed;F gbj;J Gupe;J nfhs;sTk;.
2. nghUj;jkhd jiyg;G xd;W vOjTk;.
3. xt;nthU thf;fpaj;ijAk; Fwpg;Gfshf khw;wTk;.
4. nfhLf;fg;gl;l gj;jpapy; cs;s Auxiliary verbs(am, is, are, was, were, will, have,…), Articles (a, an ,
the), Linkers(and,but, so..), Prepositions (in, at, with, to, …..) kw;Wk; gpw Kf;fpakw;w thu;j;ijfis
ePf;fp tpl;L Kf;fpa fUj;Jf;fis/thu;j;ijfis (Main ideas/content words) kl;Lk; vOjTk;.
5. Kf;fpa fUj;JfSf;F ,ilNa my;yJ ePf;fg;gl;l thu;j;ijfs; ,Ue;j ,lj;jpy; (-) rpwpa
NfhL (hyphen) Nghl;Lf; nfhs;sTk;.
6. midj;J Kw;Wg;Gs;spfisAk; ePf;fptplTk;.
7. kPj;jpwd; khztu;fs; Type - 1 Kiwapy; Note Making vOJtJ ed;W.
8. nky;yf; fw;Nghu; Type - 2 Kiwapy; Note Making vOJtJ ed;W
Example (xt;nthU thf;fpaj;ijAk; Fwpg;Gfshf khw;Wjy;)
Given sentence Hint
The distribution of forests among different districts of the state is Distribution of forests uneven
very uneven.
Charity no doubts means giving alms to people but ‘charity begins Charity - giving alms - ‘charity
at home’ does not mean that you must give alms first to the begins at home’ - not mean - first
to family members - not giving
members of your family and charity is not simply giving money
money or clothes to needy -
or clothes to the needy and deserving. It is a mental attitude. mental attitude
(OR)
Summary Writing - Tips
tpil vOJk; Kiw
1. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s gj;jpfis ed;F gbj;J Gupe;J nfhs;sTk;.
2. Kjypy; Rough Copy vd vOjTk;.
3. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s gj;jpfis rw;W RUf;fp Kf;fpa fUj;Jf;fs; ,Uf;FkhW vOjp mij
ngd;rpyhy; NkypUe;J fPo;> ,lkpUe;J tykhf FWf;fpy; rha;Tf;NfhL Nghl;L mbj;J tplTk;.
4. gpd; Fair Copy vd vOjTk;. jiyg;G vOjTk;.
5. gj;jpfs; vij my;yJ ahiug; gw;wp nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sNjh mijNa jiyg;ghf vOjTk;.
6. Nfs;tpapy; 150 thu;j;ijfs; ,Ue;jhy; Fair copyy; 50 thu;j;ijfs; (3y; 1 gq;F) ,Uf;FkhW
RUf;fp vOjTk;.
7. ,Wjpapy; Words in the Passage = 120
Words in my summary = 40 vd ePq;fs; vOjpajw;F jFe;jhw;Nghy; vOjTk;.
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Practice Questions:
1. Make notes or write a summary of the following passage: (MDL - 19)
There are many different kinds of books that are published each year. These are the new titles available
for us to read. Besides these, there are books that have been published through the years. Together,
there are millions of books available throughout the world in as many languages as are spoken by
people. There are different genres in which books are published. There are fiction and non-fiction
categories in books, and each of these categories has many different genres of books. The academic
books we study at school belong to the text book category. We study them to complete our syllabus
and pass the examinations at the end of each academic session. There are other books that we read for
our pleasure and enrichment. We read story books of different types. There are comedy, horror,
detective and thriller stories in prose, plays and poetry forms. Books are our best friends.
Sample with Expected Mark Allocation
TYPE: 1
Notes:
BOOK PUBLISHING Title - 1 Mark
 Different books
- published each year
 Different genres
- fiction, non-fiction
Notes
- text book
- 4 Marks
- books for pleasure, enrichment - story books,
- comedy, horror, detective, thriller stories - prose, plays, poetry forms best friends.
TYPE: 2
Notes:
BOOK PUBLISHING Title - 1 Mark
Different books - published - each year - different genres - fiction, non-fiction,
text book - books for pleasure, enrichment - story books - comedy, horror, Notes
detective, thriller stories - prose, plays, poetry forms - best friends. - 4 Marks
(OR)
Summary
Rough Copy: BOOK PUBLISHING
There are many different kinds of books that are published each year. There are
different genres in which books are published. There are fiction and non-fiction
categories in books, and each of these categories has many different genres of Rough Copy
books. The academic books we study at school belong to the text book category. – 2 Marks
There are other books that we read for our pleasure and enrichment. We read
story books of different types. There are comedy, horror, detective and thriller
stories in prose, plays and poetry forms. Books are our best friends.
Fair Copy: BOOK PUBLISHING Title - 1 Mark
There are many books in different genres that are published each year. They
are fiction and non-fiction. The academic books we study at school belong to Fair Copy
the text book category. We read story books of different types which give us – 2 Marks
pleasure and enrichment.
Words in the passage : 113
Words in my summary : 40
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45
44. Spot and Correct the Errors
Method: Tips:
 5 thf;fpaq;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.  ,e;j tpdhf;fspy; 1) Tense 2) Singular-Plural
 mtw;Ws; cs;s jtWfis 3) Degrees 4) Articles 5) Prepositions
fz;Lgpbj;J mjid jpUj;jp vOj 6) Conjunction 7) If clause 8) Phrases vd;gJ Nghd;w
Ntz;Lk;. jiyg;Gfspy; jtWfs; ,Uf;ff; $Lk;.
 gpd;dhy; tUk; gl;baypy; cs;s Fwpg;Gfspy; vd;d
 jpUj;jg;gl;l nrhw;fis mbf;Nfhbl;L jtWfs; jug;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij fz;Lzu;e;J ed;F
fhl;l Ntz;Lk;. gapw;rp nra;J nfhs;sTk;.
Note: Modals (TB – Pg.: 12 WTS- Pg.:11 Q.no: B ), Prepositional phrases (TB – Pg.:44 WTS - Pg.: 16 Q.no: E),
Tense (TB – Pg.: 83 WTS - Pg.: 24 Q.no: F), Concord (TB – Pg.: 178 WTS - Pg.: 50 Q.no: A)
,e;jg;gf;fq;fspy; jug;gl;Ls;s Error correction gapw;rpfisAk; ed;F gapw;rp nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.
Spot the Errors
Type Wrong Sentence (jtW) Right Sentence (rup) Reason (fhuzk;)
Many people behaves Many people behave rudely Many people-plural vdNt verb -cld;
rudely nowadays. nowadays. s-,Ug;gJ jtW.
Money-Singular vdNt
Money make many things. Money makes many things.
verb -cld; s ,y;iy. ,J jtW.
Concord
Each of the cycles are Each of the cycles - Singular vdNt

Each of the cycles is damaged.
damaged. verb -are vd ,Ug;gJ jtW.
Cycles - Plural vdNt verb -is vd
Cycles is damaged. Cycles are damaged.
,Ug;gJ jtW.
The furniture were The furniture was displayed Furniture - Singular vdNt verb -were
displayed at the showroom. at the showroom. vd ,Ug;gJ jtW.
,q;F NkNd[u; jhd; main subject -
Neither the secretary nor the Neither the secretary nor the
,J Singular vdNt verb -were vd
manager were available. manager was available.
,Ug;gJ jtW.
I hear a strange noise/ I am I am hearing jhd; rup. verb - hearing
I hearing a strange noise.
hearing a strange noise. vd kl;Lk; ,Ug;gJ jtW.
has vd;gNj rup. verb - is having vd
He is having a large family. He has a large family.
,Ug;gJ jtW.
has vd;gNj rup. anyone-vd;gij
Have any one seen my
Has anyone seen my purse? Singular-Mfj;jhd; fUjNtz;Lk;.
purse?
verb - Have vd ,Ug;gJ jtW
I have seen the film last last week-past tense vdNt saw vd;gNj
I saw the film last week.
week. rup. verb - have seen vd ,Ug;gJ jtW
Tense
For five hours -present perfect continuous

She is sleeping for five She has been sleeping for
vdNt has been sleeping vd;gNj rup. verb
hours. five hours.
- is sleeping vd ,Ug;gJ jtW
verb - was vd ,Ug;gJ jtW
I would accept the offer, if I would accept the offer, if I
(If clause type II y; were vd;w be form
I was you. were you.
verb kl;Lk;jhd; tUk;)
The police (Nghyp]; ,dk;)-Plural
The police has made The police have made several
vdNt have-jhd; rup. verb - has made
several arrests. arrests.
vd ,Ug;gJ jtW
News vd;gJ singular. is vd;gNj rup.
No news are good news. No news is good news.
verb - are vd ,Ug;gJ jtW
Tense
should-f;F gpwF present verb. help vd;gNj

We should helped the poor. We should help the poor.
rup. verb – should helped vd ,Ug;gJ jtW
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rpWkpfspy; xUtu; vd;gjhy;. girls
Singular – Plural One of the girl sang well. One of the girls sang well.
vd;gNj rup. girl vd ,Ug;gJ jtW
I received some ,jw;F plural fpilahJ. Information vd;gNj
I received some information.
informations. rup. Informations vd ,Ug;gJ jtW
Each of the cycle is irf;fps;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; vd;gjhy; cycles
Each of the cycles is damaged.
damaged. vd;gNj rup. cycles vd ,Ug;gJ jtW.
Kala is tallest girl in the Superlative adjective-f;F Kd;dhy; the.
Kala is the tallest girl in the class.
class Nghlhky; ,Ug;gJ jtW
My uncle is richest man in My uncle is the richest man Superlative adjective-f;F Kd;dhy; the.
Degrees
the village. in the village. Nghlhky; ,Ug;gJ jtW

Chennai is one of the Chennai is one of the biggest ngupa efuq;fspy; xd;W vdNt cities
biggest city in India. cities in India. vd;gNj rup. city vd ,Ug;gJ jtW.
Comparative adjective-f;F gpd;dhy; than
Nithya is taller to Nivi. Nithya is taller than Nivi.
NghLtJ rup. to vd ,Ug;gJ jtW.
Vowel sound-f;F Kd;dhy; an Nghl
Ramu is a honest man. Ramu is an honest man.
Ntz;Lk;. a vd ,Ug;gJ jtW.
A American lives near my An American lives near my Vowel sound-f;F Kd;dhy; an Nghl
house. house. Ntz;Lk;. a vd ,Ug;gJ jtW.
He joined an European He joined a European A-consonant sound vdNt a European -
jhd; rup. an vd ,Ug;gJ jtW.
Articles
University. University.
He started to USA He started to the USA USA, UK, UAE …. -f;F Kd;dhy; the
yesterday. yesterday. NghlNtz;Lk;. the NghlhkypUg;gJ jtW.
the world jhd; rup. Superlative
Do you know which is Do you know which is the
adjective-f;F Kd;dhy; the Nghlhky;
world’s tallest building? world’s tallest building? ,Ug;gJ jtW
He is good athlete. Now he He is a good athlete. Now he mtd; xU(a) ey;y tpisahl;L tPud;.
is a MLA is an MLA a Nghlhky; ,Ug;gJ jtW
The dog fell along the cs;Ns - into vd;gJ rup along vd
The dog fell into the river.
river. ,Ug;gJ jtW
prefer te;jhy; - to vd;gJ rup. than vd
I prefer coffee than tea. I prefer coffee to tea.
Prepositions
,Ug;gJ jtW
He told to me a story. He told me a story. told f;Fg; gpwF to Njitapy;iy. mJ jtW
He is suffering with typhoid. He is suffering from typhoid. From vd;gJ rup with vd ,Ug;gJ jtW
I place great confidence on I place great confidence in in you-jhd; rup. confidence on vd
you. you. ,Ug;gJ jtW
in God-jhd; rup. believe on vd
I believe on God. I believe in God.
,Ug;gJ jtW
Though he is rich, _ he is unhappy
Conjuncti
He is rich so he is unhappy. but tuNtz;Lk;. so vd ,Ug;gJ jtW

/ _ He is rich but he is unhappy.
ons
Looking through the window Looking through the window, Looking through the window-phrase
and he saw the stranger. _ he saw the stranger. mjw;;F gpwF and vd ,Ug;gJ jtW
If clause type 2y; main clause-y; would +
If I were a bird I would If I were a bird, I would
main verb jhd; rup. Would have escaped
If Clause
have escaped. escape. vd ,Ug;gJ jtW.

If clause-type 3y; main clause y; would
If you had worked hard, If you had worked hard, you
have+ pp verb jhd; rup would pass vd
you would pass would have passed ,Ug;gJ jtW
We did not reject the We neither rejected the ,J Neither…nor…type. ,q;F did not
Phrases
proposal, nor we accepted it proposal; nor did we accept it. reject vd ,Ug;gJ jtW
Instead of the rain the In spite of the rain the match kio nga;j NghJk; - In spite of -jhd;
match continued continued rup. Instead of vd ,Ug;gJ jtW
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47
Practice Questions:
Identify and correct the errors.
Exercise - 1 Answer (SEP - 2020)
a) I bought an book this morning. a) I bought a book this morning.
b) Sita goes to the market yesterday. b) Sita went to the market yesterday.
c) We have not eaten anything from a long time. c) We have not eaten anything for a long time.
d) Sundar is either a cricket player nor a football d) Sundar is neither a cricket player nor a football
player. player.
e) We watched the sheeps grazing in the field. e) We watched the sheep grazing in the field.
Exercise - 2 Answer (PTA - 1)

a) Every students like the teacher. a) Every student likes the teacher.
b) I look forward to meet you. b) I look forward to meeting you.
c) Where I can find a bank? c) Where can I find a bank?
d) My flight departs in 5 a.m. d) My flight departs at 5 a.m.
e) I live in United States. e) I live in the United States.

a) Myself I am Reyna. a) __ I am Reyna.
b) He do not have a music system. b) He does not have a music system.
c) I cannot cope up with the pressure. c) I cannot cope with the pressure.
d) What is the time in your watch? d) What is the time by your watch?
e) Our classroom is in the second floor. e) Our classroom is on the second floor.

a) He has good knowledge of English grammar. a) He has good knowledge in English grammar.
b) His son-in-laws have come home. b) His sons-in-law have come home. /
c) She love her father His son-in-law has come home.
d) I don’t know who is she c) She loves her father. / She loved her father.
e) He is taller then me. d) I don’t know who she is.
e) He is taller than me.

a) Games and sports helps in recreation. a) Games and sports help in recreation.
b) Cricket is watched by millions of fans all over b) Cricket is watched by millions of fans all
a world. over the world.
c) Rajan slowly settle down in his retired life. c) Rajan slowly settled down in his retired life.
d) Have anyone attended the function? d) Has anyone attended the function?
e) My grandmother and I was good at drawing e) My grandmother and I were good at drawing
pictures. pictures.
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a) As we were late so we apologised. a) As we were late, we apologised./ We were
b) Many students has turned up for the seminar. late, so we apologised.
c) She has been waiting for you since 3 hours. b) Many students have turned up for the seminar.
c) She has been waiting for you for 3 hours.
d) One must not reveal his secrets to all. d) One should/need not reveal his secrets to all.
e) One of the boys are missing. e) One of the boys is missing.
a) It is a fact that most of people want to earn a) It is a fact that most of the people want to
more but work less earn more but work less.
b) There is - dozens of apples - and plenty of b) There are dozens of apple and plenty of
grapes in the market. grapes in the market.
c) Serena prefers to play Tennis than badminton c) Serena prefers to play Tennis to badminton
in the court. in the court.
d) They will like to invite you to be the chief guest. d) They would like to invite you to be the chief guest.
e) No sooner did he see the snake when he shouted. e) No sooner did he see the snake than he shouted.
Exercise - 8 Answer (MDL - 19)
a) You may speak politely to the elders a) You ought to / should speak politely to the elders.
b) This is the boy whom won the race. b) This is the boy who won the race.
c) He comes late to school every day.
c) He come late to school every day.
d) Though he was hungry, _ he did not eat. /
d) Though he was hungry but he did not eat. _ He was hungry but he did not eat.
e) Is this a book that you wanted to buy. e) Is this the book that you wanted to buy?
Exercise - 9 Answer (HY- 19)
a) His uncle is a M.L.A. a) His uncle is an M.L.A.
b) She is the girl who won the prize.
b) She is the girl whom won the prize. c) _Preetha was sick so, she did not come to
c) As Preetha was sick so, she did not come to school. school. / As Preetha was sick, _she did not
come to school.
d) Every children are happy.
d) Every child is happy.
e) One of the tooth is painful. e) One of the teeth is painful.
Qn. NO.: 45 SECTION - V (MEMORY POEM) 5 Marks

Tips: ,e;j tpdhtpw;F choice ,y;iy. vdNt KO kjpg;ngz;fs; ngw midj;Jg; ghly;fisAk;
gbg;gJ mtrpak;.
Govt Exam Questions:
Quote from memory:
1. She’s a lioness……… Today’s women, dear. (Poem - 3) (SEP - 2021)
2. Some water, coal ……. and drive. (Poem - 5) (SEP - 2020)
3. Let me but live……… back in fear. (Poem - 1) (MDL - 19)
4. O’er rough ………..will be the best. (Poem - 1) (PTA - 2)
5. If you make…….... children of your brain. (Poem - 5) (PTA - 3, 5)
6. A woman …………………. in spring. (Poem - 3) (PTA - 4)
7. Some water……….. drive (Poem - 5) (PTA - 6)
ml;ilg; gf;fj;jpy; cs;s Memory Poem-I gbj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.
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 Part IV – 8 mark questions 49
PART - IV
SUPPLEMENTARY READER
Qn. No.: 46 8 Marks
WRITE PARAGRAPH USING HINTS
Method: Tips:
 ,uz;L tpdhf;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mtw;wpy; vitNaDk; xU
tpdhtpw;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Jizg;ghlg;  thf;fpa mikg;G> tense, kw;Wk; spelling jtW ,y;yhky; thf;fpaq;fs;
mikf;fTk;. tpdhtpy; jug;gl;l Fwpg;Gfisg; gad;gLj;jp tpilaspf;f
gFjpapypUe;J Fwpg;Gfs; Kaw;rp nra;aTk;.
 Vw;fdNt gj;jp tpdh tpilia kdg;ghlk; nra;jpUe;jhy; mjpYs;s
jug;gl;bUf;Fk;. mjidg; thf;fpaq;fis nfhLf;fg;gl;l Fwpg;GfSld; njhlu;GgLj;jp rupahd
thf;fpak; mikj;J Rkhu; 150 thu;j;ijfspy; xU gj;jp mstpy;
gad;gLj;jp Rkhu; 150 tpilaspf;fTk;.
 nky;yf;fw;Fk; khztu;fs; Nfs;tpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;Gfis
thu;j;ijfspy; xU gj;jp gad;gLj;jp tpil vOj Kaw;rp nra;aTk;.
 kPj;jpwd; khzth;fs; ,f;ifNal;by; cs;s tpilia kl;LNk vOjhky;
mstpy; tpilaspf;fTk;. Nfs;tpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;Gfisg; gad;gLj;jp nrhe;j
thf;fpaq;fspy; tpilaspf;f Kaw;rpf;fTk;;
Practice Questions:
UNIT - 1
1. There was an island - Prospero and his daughter Miranda - Ariel was the chief - storm created - Ferdinand and
Miranda - Prospero ungentle - Prospero’s brother - King of Naples - repented - Ariel dismissed. (SEP - 2021)
2. Prospero lived - daughter Miranda - island cave - help of Ariel - raised storm - Antonio, King of Naples
- Ferdinand - ship wrecked - Prospero commands Ariel - bring Ferdinand - to cave - Miranda - sees first
time - human being - Ferdinand surprised to see - Miranda - Prospero - engages - Ferdinand - hard tasks
- Miranda - pleads with father - Prospero chides Miranda - Ariel brings King of Naples - Antonio - to
Prospero - they realize - mistake - repent - restores the dukedom to Prospero - Prospero agrees - marriage
of Miranda and Ferdinand. (PTA - 1, 6)
UNIT - 2
3. Dr. Ashok - entrusts his - pet bird - Dr. Krishnan - children excited of his entry - it can speak - 21-
African languages - Zigzag - sleeps endlessly - with heavy snore - no peace at - home - Mrs. Krishnan
- not happy - shouts and asks for solutions - Dr. Krishnan writes - to Ashok - finding solutions - no
reply - Dr. Krishnan - takes Zigzag to clinic - turn of event - Zigzag-takes - care of - the orderliness -
clinic - very quiet - all surprised - zigzag commands - Dr. Krishnan happy - finds - secret - Zigzag -
must be engaged - if not he sleeps - family is happy with his presence. (SEP -2021, PTA - 2)
4. Visu brought Zigzag - Dr. Krishnan’s house - Arvind offered slice of fruit - zigzag cool and grumpy - Zigzag
picked up fruit - deposited in chandelier and blades of fan - bird perched on curtain rod - fell asleep - sound
of snoring horrible - family members and neighbours annoyed - angry phone calls - Lakshmi switched on
the fan - slices of fruit spoiled painting - Mrs. Krishnan to shoot - family fed up decided to send back.
5. Doctor Krishnan’s family had enough - decided to send back - taken to clinic - warned severely -
perched on nurse’s table - a turn in behaviour - began to speak - asked patients be disciplined - silence
prevailed - Dr. Krishnan heard strange voice - amazed - call from Mrs. Krishnan - painting fetched
rupees 5000 - decided to keep ‘absolute treasure’.
(For Answers, refer WTS Supplementary Pg. No.: 68 - 76)
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PROSE COMPREHENSION (OR)
Qn. No.: 47 8 Marks
POEM COMPREHENSION
Method: Tips:
 tpdhj;jhs; thrpf;f xJf;fg;gLk; Kjy; 10 epkplq;fspy; ,e;jf;
tpdhtpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l filrp tpdhtpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l gj;jpia thrpj;J Gupe;Jnfhz;L
gj;jpia gbj;J mjw;F tpilfis kdjpy; epWj;jpf;nfhs;sTk;.
 ,Wjpahf ,e;j tpdhTf;F tpilaspf;Fk; rkaj;jpy; ,uz;lhtJ
fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s 4 Kiw gbf;Fk;NghJ tpilfs; njspthf cq;fs; fz;Kd; epw;Fk;.
tpdhf;fSf;Fk;  ,g;gFjpapy; jug;gLk; tpdhf;fSf;fhd tpilfs;> nfhLf;fg;gLk;
gj;jpapy; ve;j ,lj;jpy; tUfpwNjh mq;Fs;s thf;fpaq;fis
tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
tpilahf vLj;J vOjTk;.
(OR)
Method: Tips:
tpdhtpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l ftpij  nky;yf;fw;gtu;fs; ,e;j tpdhit choice-y; tpl;Ltplyhk;.
tupfisg; gbj;J mjd; fPNo  nfhLf;fg;gl;l ftpij tupfisg; gbj;Jg; Gupe;J nfhs;s
Kaw;rpf;fTk;.
jug;gl;Ls;s 4 tpdhf;fSf;Fk;
 tpdhf;fisg; gbj;Jg; ghu;j;J tpilfs; ftpijapNyNa
tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;. cs;sjh vd;W ghu;;j;J tpilaspf;f Kaw;rp nra;aTk;.
PROSE COMPREHENSION
Practice Questions:
1. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions given that folow. (SEP - 2021)
Water use in a country depends very much on it’s efficiency in water use. Even in most
technologically advanced country, the efficiency of irrigation is only 30 percent. As the people
of California, in the United States of America, and Israel use water ethically and with
enormous care the efficiency in use is high. They are also good in water management
activities. For example, drip irrigation has been used in Israel as well as California to best
effect. The farmers and horticulturists make the water drip drop-by-drop at the roots of the
crop plants. This system of irrigation has now come into use in India too. With this method
of irrigation a high output of crops is being harvested with small amount of water. In this way,
salination of the lands is also averted to a great extent.
Questions Answers
a) Water is the true elixir. By understanding this fact,
a) Why is the efficiency in water use high in the efficiency in water use is high in some countries.
some countries? b) Drip irrigation is the water management system
b) Explain drip irrigation. that makes water drip drop-by-drop at the roots
c) What is the result of the use of drip of the crop plants.
irrigation? c) A high output of crops can be harvested with
d) (i) Give the appropriate meaning for the small amount of water. Salination of the lands is
word : ‘ethically’ also averted to a great extent
(ii) Choose the word opposite to : ‘efficiency’ d) (i) Ethically means ‘in a good or correct manner’.
(ii) ‘efficiency’ X ‘inefficiency’
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 Part IV – 8 mark questions 51

2. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions given below: (SEP - 2020)
Elephants are considered keystone and umbrella species as they play a key role within the environment
that they live in. As elephants live in herds and require large habitable areas, they tend to change the
surrounding atmosphere from forests to grasslands and help to disburse the seeds in an ecosystem that has
no natural means of pollinating the area. An elephant requires around 70 to 100 litres of water everyday.
Therefore, the elephants in dry zones and dry seasons, dig holes in riverbeds in order to collect water and
help sustain water for other species as well. The elephants’ habit of clearing the path they roam has acted
as natural buffer zones when forest fires take place.
Questions Answers
a) What are the elephants considered as? a) The elephants are considered as keystone and
umbrella species.
b) How many litres of water does an elephant
b) An elephant requires around 70 to 100 litres of water
require everyday?
everyday.
c) Where do they dig holes to collect water? c) They dig holes in riverbeds to collect water.
d) What acts as buffer zones during the forest d) The elephants’ habit of clearing the path they roam
fires? acts as buffer zones during the forest fires.
POEM COMPREHENSION
1. Read the following poem and answer the questions given below. (SEP - 2020)
Books are what I like the best Dinosaurs walking the earth like thunder,
They're not just toys like all the rest Ancient Egyptians who make you wonder,
That break, or get old, or don't want to play Books about planets and space exploration,
A book gets better everyday. The truth about rocks, and the birth of our nation.
Sit down and open it – Soon you'll find And perhaps the most intersting story of all
A whole new world jump up in your mind, That tells of the Prince who is going to call,
People and places and all sorts of things – And even a picture to show how he looks –
Dragons and princesses, goblins and kings. Now these are the things that I like about books.
Questions Answers
a) What jumps out of a book to take you to a a) People and places, Dragons and princesses, Goblins and
new world ? Kings jump out of a book to take you to a new world.
b) How do the dinosaurs walk ? b) The dinosaurs walk like thunder.
c) Why does the poet say that books are better c) Toys will break or get old or we might not want to play
than toys ? with them any more. But books get better everyday. So,
d) What sort of books do you like to read ? the poet says that books are better than toys.
d) I like to read books about planets and space exploration.
2. Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow: (HY - 19)
Butterfly, oh butterfly, why do you hide in the shadows? Butterfly, oh butterfly, have you no hope?
Spread wide your wings, let your heart sing Drink of the sun, our life’s just begun
And come dance with me in the meadow Thro time’s hills and valleys we’ll lope
Butterfly, oh butterfly, why do you fear? Butterfly, oh butterfly, dare you to dream?
You’ll never stray, I’ll lead the way On our hearts we depend, shall we follow the wind
Just follow the path, I’ll be near And consign to the fates grander scheme?
Questions Answers
a) What does the poet want the butterfly to do? a) The poet wants the butterfly to spread wide its
wings and dance with the poet in the meadow.
b) How is the poet willing to help the butterfly? b) The poet is willing to help the butterfly by leading the way.
c) Where do they want to go? c) They want to go to the hills and valleys.
d) We have seen butterflies in the Park. It looks very
d) Where have you seen a butterfly? Describe it.
beautiful and colourful.
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Memory Poems
1. Life 3. I am Every Woman

A woman is beauty innate,
Let me but live my life from year to year,
A symbol of power and strength.
With forward face and unreluctant soul; She puts her life at stake,
Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal; She's real, she's not fake!
Not mourning for the things that disappear The summer of life she's ready to see in spring.
In the dim past, nor holding back in fear She says, "Spring will come again, my dear.
From what the future veils; but with a whole Let me care for the ones who're near.”
And happy heart, that pays its toll She's The Woman - she has no fear!
To Youth and Age, and travels on with cheer. Strong is she in her faith and beliefs.
"Persistence is the key to everything,"
So let the way wind up the hill or down,
says she. Despite the sighs and groans and moans,
O'er rough or smooth, the journey will be joy: She's strong in her faith, firm in her belief!
Still seeking what I sought when but a boy,
She's a lioness; don't mess with her.
New friendship, high adventure, and a crown, She'll not spare you if you're a prankster.
My heart will keep the courage of the quest, Don't ever try to saw her pride, her self-respect.
And hope the road's last turn will be the best. She knows how to thaw you, saw you - so beware!
- Henry Van Dyke She's today's woman. Today's woman, dear.
Love her, respect her, keep her near...
- Rakhi Nariani Shirke
5. The Secret of the Machines

We were taken from the ore-bed and the mine,
We were melted in the furnace and the pit
We were cast and wrought and hammered to design,
We were cut and filed and tooled and gauged to fit.
Some water, coal, and oil is all we ask,
And a thousandth of an inch to give us play:
And now, if you will set us to our task,
We will serve you four and twenty hours a day!
We can pull and haul and push and lift and drive,
We can print and plough and weave and heat and light,
We can run and race and swim and fly and dive,
We can see and hear and count and read and write!
But remember, please, the Law by which we live,
We are not built to comprehend a lie,
We can neither love nor pity nor forgive,
If you make a slip in handling us you die!
Though our smoke may hide the Heavens from your eyes,
It will vanish and the stars will shine again,
Because, for all our power and weight and size,
We are nothing more than children of your brain!
- Rudyard Kipling

Namma Kalvi 10th English Special Guide Way To Success 221327

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www.nammakalvi.

Prose : HIS FIRST FLIGHT

LATE BLOOMERS’ PARAGRAPH

 The young seagull was afraid to fly.

C. Answer the following in about 100 - 150 words:

Prose : EMPOWERED WOMEN NAVIGATING THE WORLD

Prose : EMPOWERED WOMEN NAVIGATING THE WORLD

Moral: Women are the real architects of society.

LATE BLOOMERS’ PARAGRAPH

WHILE READING QUESTIONS:

f) Where was Nagen uncle’s shop?

B. Answer in detail the following questions in about 100 - 150 words.

Moral: Sometimes questions are complicated, and answers are simple

Moral: Time changes and we change with them.

Prose : THE ATTIC

Moral: Repentance leads to rebirth.

LATE BLOOMERS’ PARAGRAPH

B. Answer in a paragraph of about 100 - 150 words.

LATE BLOOMERS’ PARAGRAPH

 Technology helps us to get all sorts of information and to communicate easily.

WHILE READING QUESTIONS:

Moral: Never underestimate your mother tongue

LATE BLOOMERS’ PARAGRAPH

B. Answer the following question in about 80 - 100 words.

Moral: Life is a game, play it.

Life is a challenge, face it.

LATE BLOOMERS’ PARAGRAPH

 The poet wants to lead a joyful life.

Poem comprehension (2 marks) Poem comprehension (2 marks)

LATE BLOOMERS’ PARAGRAPH

 Today’s woman is the symbol of power and strength.

ADDITIONAL PARAGRAPH QUESTION

LATE BLOOMERS’ PARAGRAPH

Unit 1: The Tempest

Moral: Forgiveness is the virtue of the brave.

Moral: We win by tenderness, We conquer by forgiveness

Moral: He never causes the commotion, He himself is a commotion.

Moral: When you own a bird, happiness is all around.

Unit 1: The Tempest

Title : The Tempest

Moral : We conquer all by forgiveness

Moral: We change other people’s behaviour by changing our own.

LATE BLOOMERS’ PARAGRAPH

 Dr.Krishnan had to take care of Dr. Somu’s pet bird Zigzag.

COMPREHENSION (5 Mark Question)

ANSWERS TO BOOK EXERCISES (TB - Pg.No.: 6 - 16)

D. Read the following dialogues and supply appropriate modals.

G. Change the following into Passive voice.

ANSWERS TO BOOK EXERCISES (TB - Pg.No.: 35 - 44)

ANSWERS TO BOOK EXERCISES (TB - Pg.No.: 66-83)

WRITING (TB - Pg.No.: 70-74)

1. Conserve water! 3. Save the world in 4. Never, ever give

ANSWERS TO BOOK EXERCISES (TB - Pg.No.: 100 - 114)

ANSWERS TO BOOK EXERCISES (TB - Pg.No.: 131-147)

ANSWERS TO BOOK EXERCISES (TB - Pg.No.: 167-178)

LISTENING (TB - Pg.No.: 167, 216)

3. “Save our Earth” is the need of the hour.

ANSWERS TO BOOK EXERCISES (TB - Pg.No.: 194-201)

LISTENING (TB - Pg.No.: 196, 217)

READING (TB - Pg.No.: 197, 198)

Poem – 5: The Secret of The Machines

POEM 3 (I AM EVERY WOMAN)

Qn. No.:1 - 14 VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR 14 marks