Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DR RAKESH JAISWAL
Introduction
• An instrument consisting of a high-intensity light source that
can be focused to shine as a slit.
Patient positioning:
Head support unit
Adjust height of table or chair
Adjust height of chin rest such that patients
lateral canthus is aligned with the mark.
Adjust ocular eyepieces.
Power up
Fixation
Magnification : begin with 6x -10x
magnification
Focusing
Special procedures
Protocol and documentation
MAGNIFICATIONS
• Low magnification: • High magnification:
– 7X - 10X : General eye – 30X - 40X : Details
– Lids. • Epithelium
– Bulbar conjunctiva/sclera. – vacuoles
– Cornea/limbus. – microcysts
– Tears. – dystrophies.
– Anterior chamber/iris/crystalline lens. • Stroma
– striae
– folds.
• Medium magnification:
– 20X - 25X : Structure of individual
• Endothelium
layers – Polymegathism
– Epithelium/epithelial breakdown. – guttata
– Stroma. – blebs
– Endothelium. – cell density.
– Contact lens fit/lens condition.
Instrumentation
Operational components of slit lamp
biomicroscope essentially consist of:
Illumination system
Observation system
Mechanical system
Illumination system
It consist of:
Patient positioning
Filters used in slit lamp biomicroscopy
1.Corneal scar with wide beam illumination 2.optical section through scar
indicating scar is with in superficial layer of cornea.
Tangential illumination
This technique is used to observe surface texture
Medium –wide beam of moderate height is used.
Microscope is pointing straight ahead.
Tangential light(projected from a oblique angle)
creates shadows
Magnification of 10x,16x,or 25x are used.
Observe:
Anterior and posterior cornea
Iris is best viewed without dilation by this
method.
Anterior lens (especially useful for viewing
pseudoexfolation).
Example of tangential illumination (iris).
Specular reflection
Reflection from
front surface endothelium
Indirect illumination
The beam is focused in an area adjacent to
ocular tissue to be observed.
Main application:
Examination of objects in direct vicinity of
corneal areas of reduced transparency e,g,
infiltrates,corneal scars,deposits,epithelial and
stromal defects
Illumination:
Narrow to medium slit beam
Decentred beam
Magnification: approx. m=12x (depending upon
object size)
Retroillumination
Observe:
cornea, lens, vitreous
Schematic of
retroillumination from the
retina.
Example of retroillumination from the reti
Sclerotic scatter
Diagnostic:
OCT
FFA
Anterior segment and posterior segment
diseases
Dry eye
Procedures:
Applanation
Tear evaluation
Pachymetry
Gonioscopy
Contact lens fitting
Therapeutic:
Laser
FB removal
epilation
Meibomian gland openings Injected conjunctiva