Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TVET-PROGRAMME TITLE
PHARMACY LEVEL-IV
Samuel M. 2 3/3/2024
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1. Health care – is the total societal effort, undertaken in the
private and public sectors, focused on pursuing/improving health
2. Health services – are specific activities undertaken to
maintain or improve health
or to prevent decrements of health Can be preventive,
promotive, curative or rehabilitative in nature
3. Health service organization: Organizational structures
within which health services are delivered directly to consumers.
4. Health systems Are formally linked HSOs, possibly
including financial arrangements, joined together to provide
more coordinated & comprehensive health services
5. Community packages were packages that were given for
every community members
Samuel M. 3 3/3/2024
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5. Community packages were packages that were
given for every community members
6. Vertical health program are centralized, non-
integrated and disease specific
health programs
7. Effectiveness, it is how well an organization, or a
person in an organization is meeting their goal
8. Efficiency, is a measure of how well the health sector
is using its resource to
achieve that goal
9. Equity; it is a matter of distributing resources as well
as service for all segment of the population equally
Samuel M. 4 3/3/2024
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10. Team spirit; it is creating an atmosphere of
mutual trust and understanding
between members of a team
11.Division of labor; it is an act of distributing
work, among all member of the team in equal
manner
12.Planning; it is forecasting and thinking about
things that you want to happen in
the future and then working to achieve that
Samuel M. 5 3/3/2024
* LO1. Follow organizational guidelines understand
health policy and service delivery system
Understand health policy and service delivery system
Historical development of health service in Ethiopia
The challenges through the process brought the
development and application of primary health care in
rural part.
Samuel M. 6 3/3/2024
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*Why history of public health?
i. To learn from the past experiences
ii. To understand the present situation
iii. To forecast the future conditions
iv. To recognize the dynamic transition in social,
economic and political factors and their
implication on human health.
Samuel M. 7 3/3/2024
Ethiopia previously had a health policy that focused
on curative and urban centered health services
until the government launched its new health policy
in 1993.
Samuel M. 8 3/3/2024
There are also strategies on:-
Free service for key maternal and child health services
The training and deployment of HWs for promotion of
institutional delivery and Emergency surgery officers at
primary hospital to manage obstetric and other
surgical procedures.
In recent time primary health service coverage
reached 92% of total population with 125 hospitals,
2999 health centers, 15668 health posts and >4000
private for profit and not for profit clinics
Samuel M. 9 3/3/2024
Health policy in Ethiopia
The first health policy in Ethiopia was
developed in 1993 and it mainly focuses on
prevention and control of this
communicable disease.
Prevention and promotion components of
health care were given more attention by the
new health policy.
Samuel M. 10 3/3/2024
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Decentralization
encouraging partnerships
the participation of the whole community in health
activities.
Samuel M. 11 3/3/2024
The strategy of the policy has been to expand
healthcare delivery at the grass roots level through
implementation of the HSEP.
Samuel M. 12 3/3/2024
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In order to provide health services for the community in the
large the population and, Ethiopia used three
tier(organizational structure) system
Samuel M. 13 3/3/2024
The primary hospital, health center and health posts
form a Primary Health Care Unit (PHCU).
Samuel M. 14 3/3/2024
Specialized Hospital
3.5- 5 million
Samuel M. 15 3/3/2024
The bottom structure of health service delivery is networked
as 1 HC with 5 satellite health post.
The five satellite health posts were mainly accountable for the
cluster health center.
They identify problems together, map the problem together,
plan the cluster health problem together, implement and
evaluate together.
Samuel M.
through the cluster health center.
HP1
HP2
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HP3
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HP4
Cluster Health Center
HP5
3/3/2024
The referral system was also managed in such a way
that the satellite health post were refer their client for
further service for their cluster health center and if the
case is also above the ability of the health center then
the case will be referred to the primary hospital.
Samuel M. 18 3/3/2024
Samuel M. 19 3/3/2024
Primary health care (PHC)
The essential health care that is universally accessible
to individuals and is acceptable to them with fulfilling
certain principles.
Samuel M. 20 3/3/2024
Ethiopia is one of the countries in the world which has
adopted PHC as a national strategy since 1976.
Samuel M. 21 3/3/2024
To achieve these principles of PHC the government of
Ethiopia started to decentralize the health service
delivery system from regional to woreda and kebeles
level since 1997 through vertical health program
approach.
Samuel M. 22 3/3/2024
Principles of primary health care
Community participation
Health promotion
Appropriate technology
Inter-sectoral collaboration.
Samuel M. 23 3/3/2024
Elements of Primary Health Care
Samuel M. 26 3/3/2024
LO2 PLAN,MANAGE,MONITOR AND EVALUATE
HEALTH SYSTEM.
Management:-
Is the process of directing, coordinating and
influencing the operations of an organization so as
to obtain desired results and enhance total
performance.
1. Effectiveness
is how well an organization, or a person in an
organization is meeting their 29goal.
Samuel M. 3/3/2024
2. Efficiency
is a measure of how well the health sector is using its
resource to achieve that goal
Samuel M. 30 3/3/2024
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Team spirit
Division of labor
Samuel M. 31 3/3/2024
Team spirit
is creating an atmosphere of mutual trust and
understanding between members of a team so that you
can develop and ensure morale of your team member.
Samuel M. 32 3/3/2024
Division of labor;
it is an act of distributing work, among all member of
the team in equal manner.
Samuel M. 33 3/3/2024
Focusing on the result not activities;
is to make sure that everybody within the organization has
a clear understanding of the goals and objectives, and
Samuel M. 34 3/3/2024
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Planning
Organizing
Leading
Coordination
Monitoring and
Evaluation
Samuel M. 35 3/3/2024
Planning; it is forecasting and thinking about things
that you want to happen in the future and then working
to achieve that.
Samuel M. 36 3/3/2024
Coordination; is an act of creating team spirit between
team members towards the set plan and activities to be
performed.
Samuel M. 37 3/3/2024
How can you build a team ?
Samuel M. 38 3/3/2024
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• Each member of the team contributes to the
achievement of the common goal.
Samuel M. 39 3/3/2024
Stages of Team building:-
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Samuel M. 40 3/3/2024
Management roles and levels
A health manager is someone who spends a substantial
proportion of their time managing areas of healthcare
provision such as:
Samuel M. 42 3/3/2024
Management levels
1) Top
2) middle, and
3) frontline.
Together they are responsible for the work and
performance of the health sector.
Samuel M. 44 3/3/2024
Middle-level managers
They also set goals at their level and perhaps for other
units they are responsible for.
Samuel M. 47 3/3/2024
Planning health programme
Samuel M. 48 3/3/2024
Characteristics of planning
1. Strategic planning
Samuel M. 50 3/3/2024
1. Strategic planning;
is the process of determining what an organization
intends to be in the future and how it will go there.
Samuel M. 51 3/3/2024
2. Tactical/operational planning/activity planning
is a short range planning that emphasize the current
operations of various parts .
Samuel M. 52 3/3/2024
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Once the Ethiopian FMOH sets a strategic plan, you may be
involved in the district (woreda) planning process to develop
operational plans for improving the health of your community.
An operational plan outlines important answers to such
fundamental questions as:
Setting objectives
Strategy formulation
Identify resources
Samuel M. 54 3/3/2024
S = strength of the organization
Samuel M. 56 3/3/2024
Implementing your Health Plans
Getting organized
Setting up activities
Finding resources
Samuel M. 58 3/3/2024
Getting organised
is the first stage in bringing together the right
combination of human, physical and financial
resources to successfully undertake your planned
activities.
Organising is the means by which:-
Samuel M. 60 3/3/2024
Is all necessary information available?
Samuel M. 61 3/3/2024
* LO3 Lead and build individual’s and
team’s capacity
*Building a team
A team is two or more people who work
together to achieve a common goal.
Samuel M. 63 3/3/2024
Four major functions of informal teams:
Maintain and strengthen the norms (expected behaviour)
and values of members.
Samuel M. 64 3/3/2024
Team building usually refers to the process of selecting
and creating a team within a community.
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Samuel M. 65 3/3/2024
Forming
The first stage in team development is the forming
stage.
Samuel M. 66 3/3/2024
Storming
Team members are encouraged to participate and
engage with the issues and decisions that are key to the
success of the community health team in achieving its
goals.
Samuel M. 68 3/3/2024
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Group structure, norms and behaviour are understood and
accepted.
Samuel M. 69 3/3/2024
Leading is the management function that you will use
when influencing, motivating and directing people in
your team towards the achievement of your
organisational goals.
Samuel M. 70 3/3/2024
Autocratic leaders tend to be dictatorial, saying for
example „Do what you are told, and don‟t ask
questions!‟
Samuel M. 71 3/3/2024
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Motivation of team members play an important role in the
success of any health plan for your community.
During motivation
Samuel M. 74 3/3/2024
When preparing for a meeting it is useful to plan the
following:
Purpose of meeting
Main subject matter
Type of meeting
Size of meeting
Place, time and duration of meeting
Who is convening and organising the meeting
Announcement or information about the meeting.
Samuel M. 75 3/3/2024
Purpose
to communicate information, others to exchange views
and ideas, and others to make decisions about plans or
activities.
Samuel M. 76 3/3/2024
Have an agenda
Distribute the agenda to participants before the meeting
so participants can be prepared for the meeting.
Samuel M. 77 3/3/2024
*Maintain focus
Stay on topic and avoid the temptation to get diverted by
interesting but unproductive points of view.
Stick to the topic and the timelines you set for each item on
the agenda.
Capture action points
Have a system for capturing, summarising and assigning
action points to individual team members.
Get feedback
Get feed back on your meeting management
Samuel M. 78 3/3/2024
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Monitoring and Control
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is about collecting information that will help you answer
questions about the health-related performance of you and
your team.
Samuel M. 80 3/3/2024
Identifying health problems facing the community and
starting to find solutions.
Samuel M. 81 3/3/2024
Methods of gathering information for monitoring
Samuel M. 83 3/3/2024
Using a checklist
is a set of criteria that you can prepare to assist you in
monitoring your own activities.
Samuel M. 84 3/3/2024
Supervision
Monitoring information can also be gathered through
supervision.
It is usually a meeting at which you are able to sit
down with a senior colleague and discuss issues that
are important in your work.
It is way to make sure that your objectives
correspond(tesemama) to the health needs of your
community.
Samuel M. 85 3/3/2024
A good supervision session is part of your monitoring work. It should
help you understand how your work is progressing and determine ways
of helping
Samuel M. if there are any problems.86(Photo: I-Tech/Julia Sherburne)3/3/2024
During supervision you can discuss, explain, justify,
and obtain the commitment of community workers to
the objectives of the programme.
2) Measuring performance
Samuel M. 89 3/3/2024
Establishing standards of performance
Samuel M. 90 3/3/2024
Measuring performance
Samuel M. 91 3/3/2024
Comparing performance with standards
Samuel M. 92 3/3/2024
Taking corrective action
Samuel M. 93 3/3/2024
Constructive and effective feedback
Try to be specific.
Samuel M. 94 3/3/2024
Giving effective feedback
Feedback to individuals must be based on the evidence
gathered from the monitoring and controlling process.
Samuel M. 95 3/3/2024
Effective feedback should be:-
timely
regularly given
specific
constructive
motivating
Samuel M. 96 3/3/2024
Giving constructive criticism
Samuel M. 98 3/3/2024
3. Reinforce the relationship
Criticism needs to focus on an action or level of
performance, not on the person.
Samuel M. 99 3/3/2024
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NUMBER OF GROUP 15 submission on March 30
All groups in section A-E work should never been similar.