New ICTs are providing the world with new
COURSE MATERIAL 1 communication services such as video conferencing and
UNIT 1: ICT IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL COMMUNICATION
Information and Communication Technology
▪ It is an integral part of the development of the modern
world.
▪ It plays an important part in our lives and in all aspects
in our society.
▪ Executive Order No. 269 (s. 2004) signed by former
president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo defined ICT as the
“totality of electronic means to collect, store, process,
and present information to users in support of their
activities. “
▪ It consists among others, of computer systems, office
systems, and consumer electronics, as well as
networked information infrastructure, the components
of which include the telephone system, the Internet, fax
machines, and computers.`` The ICT Department in the
Philippines is responsible for the planning, development
and promotion of the country’s information and
communications technology (ICT) agenda in support of
national development.
Functions of ICT
▪ According to Technopedia, ICT refers to “all the
technology used to handle telecommunications,
broadcast media, intelligent management systems,
audiovisual processing and transmission systems, and
network-based control and monitoring functions.”
▪ The term covers wireless networks, cell phones, the
Internet, and other media for communication.
▪ ICT has become the main method of communication,
getting information and education, attaining services
from businesses, hospitals, utilities, government,
purchasing products and services, doing personal and
business transactions, and expressing social advocacies
and awareness.
▪ Moreover, social networking sites and mobile apps
have made connecting and exchanging information.
instant messaging.
INTERNET
▪ It is the global system of interconnected computer
networks that use the internet protocol suite (TCIP/IP)
to link billions of devices worldwide.
▪ Means of connecting a computer to any other
computer anywhere in the world via dedicated routers
and servers.
▪Computer– an electronic device for storing and
processing data, typically in binary form, according to
instructions given to it in a variable program.
World Wide Web ▪ An information system on the
internet that allows documents to be connected to
other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user
to search for information by moving from one
document to another.
▪ It is an information space where documents and other
web resources are identified by URLs, interlinked by
hypertext links, and can be accessed via Internet.
▪ Invented by Tim-Berners Lee
Web Pages ▪ Web page is a hypertext document
connected to the World Wide Web. The different online
platforms of World Wide Web:
▪ Web 1.0 – refers to the first stage in the World Wide
Web, which was entirely made up of the Web pages
connected by hyperlinks.
Static Web Page- is known as a flat page or stationary
age in the sense that the page is ‘’as is’’ and cannot be
manipulated by the user. The content is also the same
for all users that is referred to as Web 1.0
▪ Web 2.0 – is the evolution of Web 1.0 by adding
dynamic pages. The user is able to see a website
differently than others. It allows users to interact with
the page; instead of just reading the page, the user may
be able to comment or create a user account.
Dynamic Web Pages– web 2.0 is the evolution of web
THE BOOK LOUNGE PH I 1
1.0 by adding dynamic web pages. The user is able to
see websites differently than others e.g. social
networking sites, wikis, video sharing sites.
FEATURES OF WEB 2.0
Folksonomy- allows user to categorize and classify
information using freely chosen keywords e.g. tagging
by FB, Twitter, use tags that start with the sign #,
referred to as a hashtag.
Rich User Experience – content is dynamic and is
responsive to user’s input
▪ Web 3.0 – this platform is all about semantic web. It
aims to have machines (or servers) understand the
user’s preferences to be able to deliver web content.
TRENDS IN ICT
▪ Convergence– is the synergy of technological
advancements to work on a similar goal or task. For
example, besides using your personal computer to
create word documents, you can now use your
smartphone.
▪ Mobile Technologies
▪ The popularity of smartphones and tablets has taken a
major rise over the years.
▪ Several of these devices are capable of using a high-
speed internet. Today the latest model devices use 4G
Networking (LTE), which is currently the fastest.
MOBILE OS
▪ iOS – use in apple devices such as iPhone and iPad
▪ Android – an open source OS developed by Google.
Being open source means mobile phone companies use
this OS for free.
▪ Blackberry OS – use in blackberry devices
▪ Windows phone OS – A closed source and proprietary
operating system developed by Microsoft.
▪ Symbian – the original smartphone OS. Used by Nokia
devices
▪ WebOS- originally used in smartphones; now in smart
TVs.
▪ Windows Mobile – developed by Microsoft for
smartphones and pocket PCs
Social Media– is a website, application, or online
channel that enables web users to create, co-create,
discuss, modify, and exchange user generated content.
Six types of Social Media:
1. Social Networks – these are sites that allow you to
connect with other people with the same interests or
background. Once the user creates his/her account,
he/she can set up a profile, add people, share content,
etc. Example: Facebook and Google+
2. Bookmarking Sites – these are sites that allow you to
store and manage links to various websites and
resources. Most of the sites allow you to create a tag for
others. Example: Stumble Upon, Pinterest
3. Social News – these are sites that allow users to post
their own news items or links to other news sources.
The users can also comment on the post and comments
may also be ranked. Ex. Reddit and Digg
4. Media Sharing – these are sites that allow you to
upload and share media content like images, music and
video. Ex. Flickr, YouTube and Instagram
5. Microblogging – focuses on short updates from the
user. Those that subscribed to the user will be able to
receive these updates. Ex. Twitter and Plurk
6. Blogs and Forums – allow user to post their content.
Other users are able to comment on the said topic.
Ex. Blogger, WordPress and Tumblr
Assistive Media– is a non- profit service designed to
help people who have visual and reading impairments.
A database of audio recordings is used to read to the
user. e.g. Yahoo!, Gmail, Hotmail,
Cloud computing-distributed computing on the internet
or delivery of computing service over the internet.
-Instead of running an e-mail program on your
computer, you log in to a Web email account remotely.
The software and storage for your account doesn’t exist
on your computer
– it’s on the service’s computer cloud.
✓ Using ICT, learning becomes more enjoyable and
teaching becomes more interactive compared to using
old methods.
✓ Students can also access academic information they
need anytime and anywhere by searching on the Web
books, journals, and articles that are not available in the
school library.
✓ Housewives, out-of-school youth, and the
unemployed can likewise educate themselves in the
confines of their homes using the Internet.
✓ Skills that can be acquired include cooking, flower
arrangement, fashion designing, dressmaking, and
carpentry, which eventually can serve as sources of
income.
THE BOOK LOUNGE PH I 2
✓ The services of EBSCO allow books and journals to be
accessed, sometimes with a fee. Doing research has
become easier now that everything is just a click away.
USES OF ICT --> EDUCATION
▪ Learning ICT as a subject covers technical knowledge
about ICT such as systems, networks, data standards,
programming; core skills which include digital
communication control, problem solving, media
production, and editing; safety, security, copyright
laws, e-safety, and data protection.
▪ Digital literacy and personal use covering social
networks, creating and sharing content, gaming,
online identities, and security as well as impact on
society have to be included.
▪ Effective learning is supported by modern
technology hardware such as tablets, smart phones,
desktop computers, laptops, and other WiFi-enabled
devices.
▪ The world we live in is a result of constant change.
These changes have been technological in their
nature.
▪ Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, schools decided to
change the way they deliver lessons.
▪ With most of the world in lockdown, students like
you are learning from home in an online format. The
presence of ICT in education allows for new ways of
learning for students and teachers.
Management ▪ This refers to the Management
Information System (MIS) which takes care of report
writing, home-school links, attendance, examination
entries. ▪ The MIS also includes storing grades
electronically and making them available to teachers.
The parents are allowed to monitor their children’s
performance data through the Web. ▪ The most
important task of MIS is the collection and handling of
data on student performance.
Communication ▪ Communication is also faster today
compared to several years ago. ▪ Even while in bed, one
can send birthday greetings, instructions, orders and
other types of messages with a smartphone to single or
multiple recipients. ▪ Used by media outlets, ICT
facilitates the dissemination of news and information to
a global audience.
Business ▪ Business aspect of ICT includes Web design,
use of common business software, and e-commerce.
▪ The Internet can boost the selling of products, either
brand new or secondhand, by cataloguing them on
classified ads Web sites like eBay, OLX, and Lazada.
Businesspeople can sell their goods and advertise their
services through online marketplaces and classified ads.
▪ Home TV shopping feeds the viewer information on
products that they might need. The viewers can make
transactions through phone.
Banking ▪ A client can make transactions (deposit,
withdraw, pay bills) through online banking, automated
teller machines (ATM), and smartphones.
Medical Field ▪ ICT provides easy access to a patient’s
record and medical information. The doctor will only
have to retrieve, read, and interpret the medical history
of the patient, the previous medical treatment received,
and other pertinent data that will aid in the proper
diagnosis and medication of a patient. ▪ Online hospital
or clinic appointments are likewise possible.
Direct Job Creation ▪ According to the National
Statistics Office (NSO), of the 202,794 formal
establishments recorded in 2011. 8.3% belong to the
core ICT group and support, which employs 915,915
workers. ▪ The greatest number of establishments are
found in ICT enabled services, broadcast media, and
computer hardware, while the ones that employ the
greatest number of workers are IT-BPM, electronics and
semiconductors, and computer hardware firms.
INTERNET SAFETY It refers to the online security or
safety of people and their information when using the
internet. Keeping yourself safe online
▪ Check for viruses and malware.
▪ Do an account Security Checkup.
▪ Google has a Security Checkup feature in your account’s
page that allows an overall checkup and for a possible
update of your details.
▪ Update your account recovery options.
▪ Enroll in 2-step verification.
▪ Google allows you to add an extra layer of security by
requiring you to grab a code sent to your phone after
logging in with your password.
▪ Perform regular operating system and browser updates.
▪ Never use your google Account password on another
website.
▪ Protect your password.
▪ Use a strong password.
TEN RULES OF NETIQUETTE
Rule No. 1: Remember the human You need to
remember that you are talking to a real person when
you are online. The internet brings people together who
THE BOOK LOUNGE PH I 3
would otherwise never meet. Remember this saying
when sending an email: Would I say this to the person’s
face?
Rule No. 2: Adhere to the same standards online that
you follow in real life. You should not change your
persona whenever you are in front of the screen.
Rule no. 3: Know where you are in cyberspace. Always
take a look around when you enter a new domain when
surfing the web. Get a sense of what the discussion
group is about before you join it.
Rule no. 4: Respect other people’s time and
bandwidth. Remember people have other things to do
besides read your email. You are not the center of their
world. Keep your post and emails to a minimum by
saying what you want to say. Remember everyone
won’t answer your questions.
Rule no. 5: Make yourself look good online. Be polite
and pleasant to everyone. Always check your spelling
and grammar before posting.
Rule no. 6: Share expert knowledge Ask questions
online. Share what you know online.
Rule no. 7: Help keep flame wars under control Be a
referee and know how to control other people’s
emotions
Rule no. 8: Respect other people’s privacy. Do not read
other people’s mail without their permission. Not
respecting other people’s privacy is a bad netiquette.
Rule no. 9: Don’t abuse your power. Just because you
know other things does not mean you are superior.
Rule no. 10: Be forgiving of other people’s mistake. If
you notice a mistake, correct it in a very polite manner.
Online Search Skills
In order for google to provide an efficient search result,
here are some tips:
▪ Use the “-“ symbol to exclude terms Searching for the
term “manila-bay” will exclude any result that would be
associated to the Manila bay per se.
▪ Use the “-“ symbol to search using synonyms This is for
searches that are for a less specific term
▪ Use “site: website.com” then the search term to provide
results from the specific website
▪ Use an asterisk (*) if you do not know the exact terms
Searching for a portion of a song lyrics, such as “and I don’t
want the * to see me” will still provide the closest result
(song) to that.
▪ Use “related: website.com” to provide related websites
Use “OR” if you do not know which term is correct
▪ Use Google as a calculator Searching for terms such as
“square root of 1000” or 47 * 1000” will provide actual
mathematical result.
▪ Use Google to convert currencies and measurements.
Searching for terms such as “5 inch to com” or “50 PHP to
USD” will provide accurate conversion.
▪ Use Google to provide actual weather. Searching for
“weather in Manila” will provide actual weather
information.
▪ Use Google to provide actual time. Searching for “time
in Boston” will provide actual time in Boston.
Identifying credible sources from fake news What
Is Fake News? ▪ Stories that aren't true.
▪ Stories that have some truth, but aren't 100 percent
accurate.
Six Ways to Spot Fake News
1. Develop a Critical Mindset One of the main reasons
fake news is such a big issue is that it is often believable.
Make sure to think rationally and critically when reading
articles online.
2. Check the Source Check the web address for the page
you're reading. Be aware that people who spread fake
news and "alternative facts" sometimes create web
pages, newspaper mockups, or "doctored" images that
look official, but aren't.
3. See Who Else Is Reporting the Story Professional
global news agencies such as Reuters, CNN and the BBC
have rigorous editorial guidelines and extensive
networks of highly trained reporters, so are a good
place to start.
4. Examine the Evidence A credible news story will
include plenty of facts, quotes from experts, survey data
and official statistics, and the like.
5. Don't Take Images at Face Value Modern editing
software has made it easy for people to create fake
images that look real. You can use tools such as Google
Reverse Image Search to check where an image
originated and whether it has been altered.
6. Check That it "Sounds Right" Use your common
sense. You should bear in mind that fake news is
designed to "feed" your biases, hopes or fears.
THE BOOK LOUNGE PH I 4

COURSE MATERIAL 2
UNIT 2: PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS
Word Processing according to Wepopedia, is the act of
creating, editing, storing, and printing documents using
specialized software or devices. It enables you to write
text, store it electronically, display it on a screen, modify it
by entering commands and characters from the keyboard,
and print the final product.
There are a number of different word processing
applications. One of the most widely used ones is Word,
which is part of Microsoft Office. Another widely used one
is WordPerfect by the Corel Corporation. A third one is
Writer, which is part of OpenOffice by Apache.
Advance Techniques in Word Processor
1. Mail Merge and Label Generation A Mail Merge is a
word processing feature that allows you to easily create
multiple letters, labels, envelopes, nametags, or catalogue
documents to group of people as stored in a list in a
database or spreadsheet. When making Mail Merge, you
will need a document using MS Word and a recipient list
which is typically done using MS Excel workbook. But you
can also use various sources including MS Outlook contact
list, MS Access database, or a Notepad text document.
Three Components of the Mail Merge:
a. Main document – the letter which contains the email
information for each of the merged documents that can be
letter, stationary or template. It also contains the field
names which contain the instructions for carrying out the
merge.
b. Data Source – it is also called data file which comprises
the information to be merged into a document such as the
list of names and addresses to be used in a mail merge.
This must be connected to the data source before it can
use the information in it.
c. Merge document – this is also a word processing
document that is the generated output after executing the
merge process. In Mail Merge you need to create the main
document, create a data source and merge data with the
document.
2. Integrating images and external material in word
processors Integrating or inserting pictures in your
document is fun and it improves the impression of your
document. One of the common uses of inserting a picture
on a document is when you are creating your own resume.
Though seemingly simple to do, your knowledge on the
different kinds of materials that you can insert in a Word
document can help you create a more efficient, richer
document not only in content but also in physical form.
Kinds of Materials. There are various kinds of materials
Microsoft Word is capable of integrating to make the
documents richer, more impressive, and more informative.
a. Pictures These are electronic or digital pictures or
photographs you have saved in any local storage device.
There are three commonly used types of picture files. You
can identify them by the extension on their file names.
JPG/JPEG This is pronounced as “jay-peg“and is the short
form of .jpeg or Joint Photographic Experts Group.. This
type of image file can support 16.7 million colors that is
why it is suitable for use when working with full color
photographic images. Unfortunately, it does not support
transparency and therefore, images of this file type can be
difficult to integrate in terms of blending with other
materials or elements in your document. But if you are
looking for the best quality image to integrate your
document then this is the image file type for you.
PNG This is pronounced as “ping “. It stands for Portable
Network Graphics. Its development was basically for the
purpose of transporting images on the Internet at faster
rates. It is also good with transparencies but unlike GIFs, it
does not support animation but it can display up to 16
million colors, so image quality for this image file type is
also remarkably improved. .PNG allows the control of the
transparency level or opacity of images.
GIF This stands for Graphics Interchange Format. This
type of image file is capable of displaying transparencies.
Therefore, it is good for blending with other materials or
elements in your document. It is also capable of displaying
simple animation. The downside is that it can only support
up to 256 colors so it is good mostly on logos and art
decors with very limited. GIF is much better for logos,
drawings, small text, black and white images, or low-
resolution files.
TYPES OF PICTURE FILES
JPG – file extension for the Joint Photographic Experts
Group picture file.
PNG – file extension for Portable Network Graphics image
file
GIF – file extension for the Graphics Interchange Format
image file
b. Clip Art This is generally a .GIF type; line art drawings or
images used as generic representation for ideas and
objects that you might want to integrate in your
document. Microsoft Word has a library of clip arts that is
built in or can be downloaded and used freely. There are
still other clip arts that you can either purchase or freely
download and use that come from third-party providers.
THE BOOK LOUNGE PH I 5
c. Shapes These are printable objects or materials that you
can integrate in your document to enhance its appearance
or allow you to have some tools to use for composing and
representing ideas or messages. If you are designing the
layout for a poster or other graphic material for
advertising, you might find this useful.
d. Smart Art These are predefined sets of different shapes
grouped together to form ideas that are organizational or
structural in nature. If you want to graphically represent
an organization, process, relationships, or flow for
infographic documents, then you will find this easy and
handy to use.
e. Chart Another type of material that you can integrate in
your Word document that allows you to represent data
characteristics and trends. This is quite useful when you
are preparing reports that correlate and present data in a
graphical manner. You can create charts that can be
integrated in your document either directly in Microsoft
Word or imported from external files like Microsoft Excel.
f. Screenshot Sometimes, creating reports or manuals for
training or procedures will require the integration of a
more realistic image of what you are discussing on your
report or manual. Nothing can get you a more realistic
image than a screenshot. Microsoft Word even provides a
snipping tool for your screen shots so you can select and
display only the part that you exactly like to capture on
your screen.
PowerPoint is a presentation program developed by
Microsoft. According to TechTerms.com, the software
allows users to create anything from basic slide shows to
complex presentations. It is a highly innovative and
versatile program that can ensure a successful
communication whether you’re presenting in front of
potential investors, a lecture theatre or simply in front of
your colleagues.
The Five Features of PowerPoint
1. Adding SmartArt 2. Inserting Shapes 3. Inserting and
Image 4. Slide Transitions 5. Adding Animations
Advance Techniques in PowerPoint
1. Custom Animations and Timing
Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion
and the illusion of change by means of the rapid
succession of sequential images that minimally differ from
each other.
Microsoft PowerPoint provides several animation styles in
different categories, namely, Entrance, Emphasis, Exit and
Motion Paths. Animations make your presentation more
dynamic. If you want to put animations in your
presentation, all you have to do is go to the Animations
Tab and click Add Animations. From there, you can find
various animation types for entrance, emphasis, exit and
motion paths.
2. Hyperlinking in presentations A hyperlink which is
frequently stated as “links” is a text or image on the
screen that you can click on to jump to another file or
within the existing file. When you hover your pointer over
a hyperlink, either text or an image, the arrow changes
into a small pointing hand, called a hyperlink cursor. It is
usually activated by clicking on the text or image. Text
hyperlinks are usually in color blue and underlined.
Hyperlinks in PowerPoint allow you to add another slide in
the current presentation, another slide in a different
presentation, another file or webpage, or email address.
Spreadsheet Software allows users to organize data in
rows and columns and perform calculations on the data.
These rows and columns collectively are called
worksheets.
Examples of Spreadsheet Software:
1. LibreOffice Calc 2. OpenOffice.org Calc 3. Google Sheets
4. Apple iWork Numbers 5. Microsoft Excel
Advance Techniques in Excel
Advance and Complex Calculations in Excel
Complex formula is the combination of more than two
simple formulas. One of the key features of excel is the
ability to calculate complex formulas. There are four basic
computation uses in excel. Namely addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division. When solving complex
problems, Excel follows the PEMDAS. PEMDAS is an
acronym for the words: parenthesis, exponents,
multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction.
KEY TERMS IN EXCEL:
1. Row - horizontal line of entries in a table
2. Column – vertical line of entries in a table
3. Cell - the place where info. is held in a spreadsheet
4. Active Cell – the selected cell
5. Column Heading – the box at the top of each column
containing a letter
6. Row Heading – the row number
7. Cell Reference – the cell address of the cell usually
combines letter and number (ex. A1, B4, C2)
8. Merge – combining or joining two or more cells
9. Formula – is an expression which calculates the value
of a cell.
10.Functions – are predefined formulas and are already
available in Excel
11. Formula Bar – the bar that displays the contents of a
cell
THE BOOK LOUNGE PH I 6
MS Excel Functions List for common software in desktop publishing
1. Basic Math Operations: 1. Page plus 2. Print Artist 3. The Print Shop Professional
a. =SUM(x,y) or =SUM(range) – returns the sum of x and y 4. MS Publisher 5. Print Master Platinum 6. Design & Print
or (all the numbers within the range)
Advance Techniques in Publisher
b. =PRODUCT(x,y) – returns the product of x and y
Microsoft Publisher is a desktop publishing software
c. =QUOTIENT(x,y) – returns the quotient of x divided by y
designed to help you create professional publications and
d. =x-y – returns the difference of x subtracted by y
communication materials for print. It can be used to create
e. =x+y – returns the sum of x and y
a variety of publications such as business cards, greeting
f. =x*y – returns the product of x and y
cards, posters, ads, signages, newsletters and more.
g. =x/y – returns the quotient of x divided by y
h. =x-y – returns the difference of x subtracted by y The Publisher Window
Paul Brainerd is generally credited with coining the
2. Other Functions:
phrase, "desktop publishing."
a. =ABS(x) – returns the absolute value of x
1. Ribbon - contains tabs which each contain a different
b. =AVERAGE(x,y) – returns the average of x and y
set of options relevant to the tab name. The tabs located
c. =CONCATENATE(x,y) – joins x and y
on the ribbon contain the following tools:
d. =IF(Condition, x, y) – returns x if the condition is true,
a. Home: Clipboard, Font, Paragraph, Styles, Objects,
else it returns y
Arrange and Editing Insert: Pages, Tables, Illustrations,
e. =ISEVEN(x) – returns true if x is an even number
Building Blocks, Text, Links, Header & Footer Page
f. =ISODD(x) – returns true if x is an odd number
b. Design: Template, Page Setup, Layout, Pages, Schemes,
g. =COUNT(range) – counts the number of cell containing a
Page Background
number within a range
c. Mailings: Start, Write & Insert Fields, Preview Results,
h. =COUNTIF(range, criteria) - count the number of cell
Finish Review: Proofing, Language
that fits with the criteria within the range
d. View: Views, Layout, Show, Zoom, Window
i. =ISNUMBER(x) – returns true if x is a number
2. The Quick Access Toolbar
j. =ISTEXT(x) – returns true if x is a text • =LEN(x) – returns
a. Save- Click this icon to save the current file to the disk. If
the length of characters in x
you have not given the file a name yet, you will be
k. =PROPER(x) – returns the proper casing of x
prompted to do so.
l. =LEFT(x,y) – returns the characters of x specified by y
b. Undo- Click this icon to revert the last action you
(from the left)
performed in Word. You can undo up to 24 operations. c.
m. =RIGHT(x,y) – returns the characters of x specified by y
Redo- Click this icon to revert an undo operation if you
(from the right)
“undid” something by accident.
n. =ROUND(x,y) – rounds x to a specified number of digits
d. Menu- Click this icon to show a listing of commands that
(y)
can be added to the Quick Access Toolbar.
o. =COLUMN(x) – returns the column number of x
p. =ROW(x) – returns the row number of x 20. Create New Window Under the File Tab, click New. Open a
q. =SQRT(x) – returns the square root of x publication type that you wish to make and apply a
r. =TRIM(x) – removes extra spaces in x template. You may use the search bar to search for your
s. =UPPER(x) – returns x in all capital form preferred type of publication.
t. =LOWER(x) – returns x in non- capital form 21. Changing of Text Click and drag to highlight text to
change. On the Home tab, select the dropdown arrow in
Desktop Publishing is the process of using personal
the Font group. Also try the Text Box Tools tab. You can
computers and peripheral devices to produce professional
create shadowed text and more. 10
– quality formatted publication.
Adding Text to Insert a Text Box Click on the Insert tab
Desktop Publishing Software is a tool for graphic
Click the Draw Text Box Command The cursor will turn into
designers and nondesigners to create visual
crosshairs 11
communications for professional or desktop printing as
Inserting Clip Art Select the Insert tab on the ribbon In the
well as for online or on-screen electronic publishing.
Illustrations Group, double click. Online Pictures. Enter
search term in Search for box. Double click on image Try
the Picture Tools tab to modify the picture.

THE BOOK LOUNGE PH I 7


COURSE MATERIAL 3
Unit 3: Imaging and Design
IMAGE It is a representation of the external form of a person
or thing in art. It may be two-dimensional such as a
photograph or screen display; or a three dimensional such as
a statue or a hologram. It may be captured by optical devices
such as cameras, mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes,
etc. and by natural objects and phenomena such as the
human eye or water reflection.
GRAPHICS They are visual images or designs on some surface
such as walls, canvas, screen, paper, or stone to form,
illustrate, or entertain. They are visual representations of
data made on a computer and is displayed on a computer
screen or monitor
LAYOUT The process of planning and arranging graphic
elements in a page or template. A part of graphic design that
deals with the arrangement of visual elements on a Definition
of Terms page.
Basic Principles Of Graphics And Layout
1. BALANCE - It means the equal distribution of visual weight.
Visual weight is determined by the darkness or lightness,
thickness of lines, and size. It is crucial to the success of
design.
TWO KINDS OF BALANCE:
✓ Symmetrical – the order of elements is evenly allocated on
both sides of pages. The visual weight is distributed evenly,
either vertically or horizontally. You can draw a line straight
through the middle of the design and the visual balance
would be evenly distributed.
✓ Asymmetrical – the order of different objects of the same
weight on each side of the page. There is an artistic and
different intensity on one side of the page. Color, shape, size,
texture, and value can be used on balancing elements.
2. P R O X I M I T Y Ensemble related objects together, move
them physically close to each other so the related items are
seen as a united group rather than a group of unrelated
things. Its sole purpose is to organize. If the information is
organized, it is more likely to be read and probably to be
remembered.
3. W H I T E S P A C E It is the art of nothing, also known as
NEGATIVE SPACE. It is the portion of a page left unmarked:
margin, gutter, and spaces between columns, lines of type,
graphics, figures, or objects drawn or depicted.
TWO KINDS OF WHITE SPACE:
✓ Undefined white space – what you get when you open a
blank document.
✓ Active white space – when the object is placed in an
unspecified white space.
4. A L I G N M E N T Its principle is “nothing should be placed
on the page arbitrarily. Every item should have a visual
connection with something else on the page.”
5. R E P E T I T I O N The process of repeating elements
throughout a design to give a unified look. It goes with
consistency of the design on font, font size, patterns, colors.
It aids to organize the information Guides readers and helps
to make parts of the design become more united.
6. C O N T R A S T It is the divergence of opposing elements
(opposite colors or value, light or dark, or direction
– horizontal or vertical). It allows us to emphasize or highlight
key elements in the design. It can be applied through color,
size, shape. In graphic design, colors do not need to be on
opposite segments.
INFORMATION GRAPHICS or INFOGRAPHICS is used to
represent information, statistical data, or knowledge in a
graphical manner usually done in a creative way to attract the
viewers’ attention. It is a collection of imagery, charts and
minimal text that gives an easy-to-understand overview of a
topic. Infographics is a valuable tool for visual communication.
The most visually unique, creative infographics is often the
most effective because they grab the viewers’ attention. It is
crucial to remember that the visuals in infographics must do
more than excite and engage. It must help people to
understand and remember the content of it. Infographics is an
example of applied repetition to the design. It repeatedly used
callouts with identical font size of inside texts.
WHY USE AN INFOGRAPHICs? It is great for making complex
information easy to digest. They can be helpful to: Provide a
quick overview of a topic Explain a complex process Display
research findings or survey data Summarize a long blog post or
report Compare and contrast multiple options Raise
awareness about an issue or cause
INFOGRAPHIC VIDEO is a visual representation of data and
knowledge in the form of an online video.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF VISUAL MESSAGE DESIGN USING
INFOGRAPHIC
-Be Unique -Make it Simple -Be creative and bold -Less
is more -The importance of getting it across
ONLINE FILE FORMATS FOR IMAGES AND TEXT
FILE FORMAT – a standard process that data is encoded for
storage in a computer file. It defines how bits are used to
encode information in the digital storage device.
FILE COMPRESSION:
✓ LOSSY – the compression type removes some information
from the image and lowers the overall quality to reduce the
file size.
✓ LOSSLESS – this compression type does not remove any
THE BOOK LOUNGE PH I 8
information from the image, but it usually cannot reduce the
file size as much as lossy compression.
JPEG (Join Photographic Experts Group) The most commonly
used by digital cameras and other capture devices, and also
the most common format when saving pictures on the
internet. This format is used when a small file size is more
important than the maximum quality of the image.
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) One of the formats that
are used to show indexed-color graphics and pictures in
HTML pages on the web. This is not recommended for large
images with many colors. Some unique features of GIF are to
preserve transparency and can also be animated.
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) This format supports 24-
bit images and generates background transparency without
jagged edges. It is the best format for logos that involves
transparency and fading.
PDF (Portable Document Format) This file format has all the
features of a printed document as an electronic image, print,
navigate or even forward to other people. Adobe developed
PDF and it is compatible with most OS and even to the latest
mobile phones. A file is optimized in a smaller size without
losing its quality. It is good for printing, online content,
archiving, business and legal documents, combining multiple
formats, file exchange and the fact that anyone can view it.
DOC (Document File) A format created by Microsoft and used
in Microsoft Word (and other word processing applications).
Microsoft Word is able to generate and distribute documents
using a writing tool, and it is possible to include charts,
formatted text, graphs, images, tables, page formatting and
few printing settings.
DOC vs PDF ✓ DOC is a Microsoft Word file, PDF is an Adobe Acrobat
File. ✓ DOC is editable, PDF is non-editable.
✓ DOC has more features, PDF is limited.
✓ PDF is a compatible format which can be allocated in a computer
with any configuration unlike DOC.
✓ PDF is a secured file format which can be password protected
while DOC is open to be viewed any time.
PRINCIPLES AND BASIC TECHNIQUES OF IMAGE
MANIPULATION
IMAGE EDITING and IMAGE MANIPULATION contains the
processes of adjusting or modifying images which can be
digital, or pictures taken from a camera. The basic traditional
analog image editing is called photo retouching, like fixing the
lighting and contrast, or by applying airbrushes to revamp the
image.
RASTER IMAGE – small images made up of thousands,
sometimes even millions of tiny little pixels.
- When you view a raster image at its original size or smaller,
the pixels are invisible. They only become apparent when you
zoom in or make the image larger.
VECTOR IMAGE – you can make them any size, big or small
without losing quality. Because they are made of something
more complex than pixels
- Vector graphics are rendered using a special form of
geometry. You are not likely to find vector graphics outside of
professional design settings.
PRINCIPLES AND BASIC TECHNIQUES OF IMAGE
MANIPULATION
PROPORTION This indicates the relative visual size, width,
and weight of a particular graphical elements in a design
composition. Visual elements create a sense of unity where
they relate well with one another.
TEXTURE It is the surface quality of the image. It adds to the
depth of the image and blends all the image together evenly.
COLOR BLENDING It is the technique of gently intermingling
two or more colors or values to create a gradual transition or
to soften lines.
EMPHASIS ON DETAILS It is an area in the design that may
appear different in size, texture, shape, or color to attract the
viewer’s attention.
COMBINING MULTIPLE IMAGES, It is using two or more
images to create one image and concept.
SHADOW It makes images more realistic because they
emphasize the object effectively.
CLONING Copying or duplicating a part of an image.
CHANGING BACKGROUND Adding background to make your
image standout.
REMOVING COLOR Removing certain colors in your image or
desaturating the color of the image.
COMBINING TEXT, GRAPHICS, AND IMAGE Adding multiple
elements in your layout.
Image editing
CROPPING It is cutting parts away to remove distracting or
irrelevant elements. Can be used to change the size, shape, or
focus of an image, making it useful in many different
situations.
COLOR BALANCE It is the ambiance and the tone
of the light of the picture (ex. warm or cold).
BRIGHTNESS AND CONTRAST Cosmetic adjustments let you
enhance certain image qualities, including brightness,
contrast, saturation, and color. It makes the image darker or
lighter.
COMPRESSION AND RESIZING It is important to fit your
image depending on the project or purpose.
FILTERS It makes the image look sketched, grainy, classic,
black and white or even a neon color. This gives an image a
twist from its original look.
Uploading, sharing, image hosting
-IMGUR - It is fast to upload pictures using this host without
losing their quality.
-Google Photos - . It automatically backup ang sync your
photos from your gallery through your Google account.
-Flickr - . It also offers editing features and album creation is
THE BOOK LOUNGE PH I 9
available with a maximum storage of 1TB.
-Photobucket - . It lets you upload pictures to their original
quality and GIF. It has 2GB maximum storage space.
- Image Shock - has a great clean user interface which lets you
create albums and make tags, set privacy settings.
-Drop Box- It is generally a free storage cloud where you can
not only upload pictures but also of file formats, obtainable
links from the pictures that you want to share or make a
folder that will also offer a shareable link.
following are some examples of online platforms and
applications that you can use:
a. Presentation or Visualization
•Allows you to present and share presentations,
infographics and videos with other people.
•Use to communicate information clearly and efficiently
b.Cloud Computing

•Simply called as “The cloud”

COURSE MATERIAL 4
•Access anytime, anywhere.
ONLINE CREATION TOOLS AND PLATFORMS
•The practice of using a network of remote servers
Online creation tools and platforms are a base of technologies hosted on the internet.
designed to run within an online environment and
provide interactive online services. •Instead of using your computer’s hard drive, you store
and access your data and programs over the Internet.
These tools and platforms support so many of our daily
activities that we have become dependent on them in c.Social Media
our personal and professional lives. We rely on them to •Computer-mediated tools that allow large group of
buy and sell goods and services, to find information people to create, share or exchange information,
online and to keep in touch with each other. We use interest and
them for entertainment, news, transportation,
accommodation, finding jobs and employees, finding •The information shared can be in the form of ideas,
apps and for many other purposes. pictures, videos or anything that you want to create and
share to virtual communities.
Online creation tools and platforms currently include,
but are not limited to: Presentation or Visualization, File Management
Cloud Computing, Social Media, File Management,
•The storing, naming, sorting and handling of computer
Mapping, and Web Page Creation.
files
The term “Platform” refers to a program created by
•Allows you to convert and manage files without
developers that can be modified or reprogrammed by
downloading the software tool.
outside users. It is a facility for programming or
developing an application tailored to the user’s
specifications.

Online platforms or online websites created to aid

users in creating their web content and cater to
different kinds of information such as texts, images, and
videos.

Another unique feature of online platforms is the

ability to program, modify, and access the application
remotely using the internet.

Nature of Online Creation Tools and Platforms

For you to be able to create a good online presentation,
webpage, and content, you should know the basic
principles and techniques of designing using different
online creation tools, platforms, and applications. The
THE BOOK LOUNGE PH I 10