ALGEBRAIC IDENTITIES

(a + b)
2
1. = a 2 + 2ab + b 2

( a - b ) = a 2 - 2ab + b2
2
2.
3. ( a + b ) ( a - b )= a 2 - b2
4. ( a + b )2 + ( a - b )2 = 2 ( a 2 + b 2 )
(a + b) - (a - b)
2 2
5. = 4ab

(a + b) = ( a - b ) + 4ab
2 2
6.

(a - b) = ( a + b ) - 4ab
2 2
7.

a 2 + b 2 = ( a + b ) - 2ab
2
8.

( a + b + c)
2
9. = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
or
(a + b + c) = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2 ( ab + bc + ca )
2

(a + b)
3
10. = a 3 + 3a 2 b + 3ab2 + b 3
OR
(a + b) = a 3 + 3ab ( a + b ) + b 3
3

(a + b)
3
11. = a 3 - 3a 2 b + 3ab 2 - b3
OR
( a - b) =a 3 - b3 - 3ab( a - b)
3

12. a 3 + b 3 = ( a + b ) ( a 2 - ab + b 2 )
OR
a 3 + b3 = ( a + b ) - 3ab ( a + b )
3

13. a 3 - b3 = ( a - b ) ( a 2 + ab + b 2 )
OR
a 3 - b3 = ( a - b ) + 3ab ( a - b )
3

14. If a + b + c = 0 then a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc

15. ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c2 - ab - bc - ca ) = a 3 + b 3 + c3 - 3abc
16. ( x + a )( x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab
17. ( x + a )( x + b )( x + c) = x3 + (a + b + c) x2 + (ab + bc + ca) x + abc