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 Solution Key to the First Round of IMAS 20202021
Middle Primary Division
1. Which of the following numbers has the largest value?
（A）20201 （B）20210 （C）22100 （D）22010 （E）22001
【Suggested Solution】
Since 20201  20210  22001  22010  22100 , therefore, the answer is（C）.
（C）
Answer：
2. If Mike has $45 and Scott has $54, how much more money does Scott have
compared to Mike?
（A）1 （B）4 （C）5 （D）9 （E）11
【Suggested Solution】
Scott has $54 − $45 = $9 more than Mike. Therefore, the answer is（D）.
Answer： （D）
3. What is the numerical value of 20 − 19 + 2  0  2  0 − 20 + 21 ?
（A）0 （B）1 （C）2 （D）5 （E）6
【Suggested Solution】
Simplifying, 20 − 19 + 2  0  2  0 − 20 + 21 = 20 − 19 + 0 − 20 + 21 = 21 − 19 = 2 .
Therefore, the answer is（C）.
Answer： （C）
4. Which of the following numbers is a multiple of 3?
（A）134 （B）178 （C）251 （D）577 （E）672
【Suggested Solution 1】
Observe that 134 = 3  44 + 2 , 178 = 3  59 + 1, 251 = 3  83 + 2 , 577 = 3 192 + 1
and 672 = 3  224 . Therefore, we can conclude that only 672 is a multiple of 3.
Therefore, the answer is（E）.
【Suggested Solution 2】
We know from the divisibility of 3 rule that if the sum of the digits of a number is a
multiple of 3, then it is a multiple of 3. Now, we compute the digit sum for each
number: For 134, it is 1 + 3 + 4 = 8 . For 178, it is 1 + 7 + 8 = 16 . For 251, it is
2 + 5 + 1 = 8 . For 577, it is 5 + 7 + 7 = 19 . For 672, it is 6 + 7 + 2 = 15 . Since 8, 16
and 19 are not multiples of 3, but 15 is, therefore, we can conclude that only 672 is a
multiple of 3. Therefore, the answer is（E）.
Answer： （E）
5. Harry arrived at school at 07:26 in the morning, which is 19 minutes before the
start of the first class. What time does the first class start in the morning?
（A）07：35 （B）07：45 （C）07：50 （D）07：55 （E）08：05
【Suggested Solution】
Since 26 + 19 = 45  60 , therefore the first class start at 07:45. Therefore, the answer
is（B）.
Answer： （B）
6. The diagram on the right shows a pattern that is made up
using tangram puzzle pieces. How many more triangles
than quadrilaterals are there in the diagram?
（A）2 （B）3 （C）4
（D）5 （E）7
【Suggested Solution】
There are 5 triangles and 2 quadrilaterals used to form the pattern, so there are
5 − 2 = 3 more triangles than quadrilaterals. Therefore, the answer is（B）.
Answer： （B）
7. Jack miscalculated 25  48 as 25  4  8 . Which of the following operations
must he select in order to arrive at the correct answer?
（A）Divide by 4 （B）Divide by 8 （C）Multiply by 2
3
（D）Add 100 （E）Multiply by
2
【Suggested Solution 1】
Since 25  48 = 1200 and 25  4  8 = 800 , by inspection, 800  4 = 200 ,
3
800  8 = 100 , 800  2 = 1600 , 800 + 100 = 900 and 800  = 1200 . Therefore, the
2
answer is（E）.
【Suggested Solution 2】
By comparing the terms, we have 25  4  8  4 = 25  8  25  48 ,
25  4  8  8 = 25  4  25  48 , 25  4  8  2 = 25  64  25  48 ,
3
25  4  8 + 100 = 25  4  8 + 25  4 = 25  36  25  48 and 25  4  8  = 25  48 .
2
Therefore, the answer is（E）.
Answer： （E）
8. In the figure below, the area of each small square is 1 cm2. What is the total area,
in cm2, of the shaded region?

（A）24 （B）28 （C）32 （D）36 （E）40

【Suggested Solution 1】
Since the area of each small square is 1 cm2 and by doing direct counting, it shows
that there are 32 small squares that are shaded in the figure, so the total area of the
shaded region is 32 cm2. Therefore, the answer is（C）.
【Suggested Solution2】
Note that the area of each small square is 1 cm2. Observe that our original figure can
be formed by using four identical figures which is shown below.

Because there are 8 small squares that are shaded in the figure, so our original figure
will have a total of 4  8 = 32 shaded small squares, so the total area of the shaded
region is 32 cm2. Therefore, the answer is（C）.
Answer： （C）
9. Fold a square piece of paper diagonally twice and then cut a small corner as
shown in the diagram below. After performing the task, completely unfold the
paper. How many sides does our newly obtained figure have?

（A）6 （B）8 （C）10 （D）12 （E）16

【Suggested Solution】
The task will basically remove portions of opposite corners of our original square,
which are its lower left and upper right corner and the newly generated sides will be
perpendicular or parallel to the sides of the original square.
The figure below shows our newly obtained figure, which has 8 sides.
Therefore, the answer is（B）.

（B）
Answer：
10. What is the units digit of 1 + 11 + 111 + ... + 111...111 ?
2020 1's

（A）0 （B）1 （C）2 （D）5 （E）6

【Suggested Solution】
Notice that the units digit of each and every term in the expression is 1. So, we
calculate for the sum in the units digit place: 1 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1 + 1 + 1 = 2020 , which
2020 terms

yields that its units digit is 0. Therefore, the answer is（A）.

（A）
Answer：
11. Among the figures below, which has the most number of lines of symmetry?
（A） （B） （C）

（D） （E）

【Suggested Solution】
Observe that the figure in option (A), which is a circle has an infinite number of lines
of symmetry, while figures in options (B), (C), (D), and (E) which is an equilateral
triangle, a square, a trapezoid and a regular hexagon, respectively have 3, 4, 1, and 6,
lines of symmetry, respectively. Thus, the circle has the most number of lines of
symmetry among all. Therefore, the answer is (A).
Answer： （A）
12. Albert drove from Town A to Town B at a constant speed of 80 km per hour. If
the street sign shown below was seen during the trip, how many hours does it
take Albert to drive from Town A to Town B?
Town A Town B
90 km 70 km

（A）2 （B）2.5 （C）3 （D）1.125 （E）0.875

【Suggested Solution】
We can easily deduce from the street sign that the distance between Town A and
Town B is 90 + 70 = 160 km. Thus, Albert needs a total of 160  80 = 2 hours to
travel from Town A to Town B. Therefore, the answer is (A).
Answer： （A）
13. Among the shapes listed below, which cannot always be formed by using two
identical triangles?
（A）Rhombus （B）Trapezoid （C）Square
（D）Rectangle （E）Parallelogram
【Suggested Solution】
From the figures that are drawn below, we can see that the rhombus, square, rectangle
and parallelogram can be formed by using two identical triangles. Only trapezoids
cannot be formed by using two identical triangles. Therefore, the answer is（B）.

Answer：（B）
14. In the figure below, it is known that the side length of both squares is 2 cm. An
ant, whose initial position is at point O starts crawling continuously for 2020 cm
along the following path: “O-A-B-C-O-D-E-F-O-A-B-C-O-D-E-F-O-A…”. After
completing the task, where will the ant arrive?
A D

O
B E

C F
（A）Point B （B）Point E （C）Point D （D）Point C （E）Point F
【Suggested Solution】
Observe that the crawling path of the ant goes through the “O-A-B-C-O-D-E-F-O”
repeating cycle and the total length of each cycle is 2  8 = 16 cm. Since
2020 = 16 126 + 4 and 4 = 2  2 , the ant will eventually end up at the second point
after the start of the loop, which is point B. Therefore, our answer is（A）.
（A）
Answer：
15. The diagram below shows a clock displaying the time 10：10, where the hour
hand points between the numbers 10 and 11, the minute hand points exactly to
the number 2 and the second hand points to exactly to number 12. After exactly
50 minutes, what is the sum of the numbers pointed by the hour, minute, and
second hands?

（A）24 （B）28 （C）29

（D）35 （E）None of the above
【Suggested Solution】
After exactly 50 minutes, the time will be 11：00. During this time, the hour hand
points exactly to the number 11, the minute hand points exactly to the number 12 and
the second hand points exactly to the number 12, so its sum is 11 + 12 + 12 = 35 .
Therefore, the answer is（D）.
Answer： （D）
16. Given that the sum of the three smallest numbers among 11 consecutive positive
integers is 63, what is the largest number among these 11 numbers?
（A）11 （B）21 （C）22 （D）30 （E）31
【Suggested Solution 1】
Since the three smallest numbers each must differ by 1 and their sum is 63, so the
second smallest number must be 63  3 = 21 , so the smallest number must be
21 − 1 = 20 . Therefore, the largest number among these 11 consecutive positive
integers is 20 + 11 − 1 = 30 . Therefore, the answer is（D）.
【Suggested Solution 2】
We can easily see that the largest number among these 11 consecutive positive
integers is 10 greater than the smallest number, 9 greater than the second smallest
number and 8 greater than the third smallest number. Since it is known that the sum
of the three smallest numbers is 63, so three times the largest number of these 11
consecutive positive integers is equal to 63 + 10 + 9 + 8 = 90 , therefore, the largest
number is 90  3 = 30 . Therefore, the answer is（D）.
Answer： （D）
17. The figure on the lower left shows a cube, where the numbers from 1 to 6 are
written on each face such that the sum of the numbers in any two opposite faces
are all equal. If the figure on the lower right shows the diagram of the flattened
view of the same cube, what is the number that is represented by ☆?

5 ☆

6 3
6

（A）1 （B）2 （C）3 （D）4 （E）5

【Suggested Solution】
We use this convention for simplicity:
Let 6 be the front denoted as F, the opposite side of 6 be the back denoted as Ba, 3 is
located on the right denoted as R, the opposite side of 3 be the left denoted as L, 5 be
the top surface denoted as T and the opposite side of 5 be the bottom denoted as Bo.
According to the position of the opposite face of the cube, it can be seen that the net
have the following four scenarios:
L Ba R Ba T Ba Bo Ba
Bo R T T L Bo L Bo R R T L
F F F F
Notice that for all cases, the side marked “☆” will always be located at the back
position. Since the sum of the numbers of any two opposing faces is equal, it is
1+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6
known that the value of this sum is = 7 . Therefore, the number
3
represented by “☆” is 7 − 6 = 1. Therefore, our answer is（A）.
Answer： （A）
18. In the expression below, letters A, B, C, D and E represent five different digits
from 0 to 9. Which of the following letters has the largest value?
A 8 B 4 C
－ 4 D 6 E 2
1 3 5 7 9
（A）A （B）B （C）C （D）D （E）E
【Suggested Solution】
We infer starting from the right to the left.
It can be seen that C is the units digit of 9 + 2 = 11, so C = 1.
Now, notice that the tens digit of the subtrahend is 4 and the tens digit of the result is
7. Since we know if we subtract this, there must be a borrow from the hundreds digit.
Therefore, E + 7 = 14 − 1 = 13 , so E = 6 .
Then we know that B − 1 is the units digit of 5 + 6 = 11 , thus B − 1 = 1, so B = 2 .
At this time, the thousands digit of the subtrahend is 8 and the thousands digit of the
result is 3, and since we know that there is no borrowing of 1 from the ten thousand
digits when subtracting thousands of digits, then 8 − 1 − D = 3 , so D = 4 .
Finally, it can be seen that A = 1 + 4 = 5 .
The completed expression is shown below:
5 8 2 4 1
－ 4 4 6 6 2
1 3 5 7 9
So, the largest digit among all is represented by the letter E.
Therefore, our answer is（E）.
Answer： （E）
19. There are 23 identical beads in a drawer, of which 8 are white and 15 are black. If
you blindly take out the beads one at a time from the drawer, at least how many
must be taken out to ensure that there are more black beads than white beads?
（A）1 （B）8 （C）15 （D）17 （E）23
【Suggested Solution 1】
If we arrange the removed beads in the pattern: "white, black, white, black, ...”, it can
be seen that at least 17 beads must be taken out to ensure that there are more black
beads than white beads. Note that if we removing less than 17 beads does not
guarantee that there are more black beads than white beads. So, the answer is（D）.
【Suggested Solution 2】
When a total of 16 pieces are already taken out, the worst-case scenario is that 8
pieces of white beads and 8 pieces of black beads are taken out, wherein the number
of black beads taken out is not more than that of white beads. But when you take one
more bead, since we are sure that there are no more white beads inside the box,
assuring us of getting a black bead, which guarantees us that there are more black
beads than white beads, so at least 17 beads must be taken out. Therefore, the answer
is（D）.
Answer： （D）
20. In the figure on the right, ABCD is a square with an area A E B
2
of 2020 cm . Connect the midpoints of each side to get
square EFGH and then connect the midpoints of each Q M
side of square EFGH to get square MNPQ. What is the
area, in cm2, of the shaded region? H F
（A）400 （B）404 （C）450
P N
（D）500 （E）505
【Suggested Solution 1】 D G C
Connect AC and BD, it can be seen that square ABCD is divided into 16 small
triangles of equal area, as shown in the figure below. Since the shaded part accounts
4
for four small triangles, then its area is 2020  = 505 cm2. Therefore, the answer
16
is（E）. A E B
Q M

H F

P N
D G C
【Suggested Solution 2】
Because points E, F, G, and H are midpoints of the sides of square ABCD, therefore,
1
the each of the areas of triangles AEH, BFE, CGF and DHG are all of the area of
8
1 1
square ABCD. From this, the area of the square EFGH is 1 −  4 = the area of
8 2
1
square ABCD. Similarly, the area of square MNPQ is the area of square EFGH
2
1 1 1
and  = the area of square ABCD. So, the total sharded area is equal
2 2 4
1 1 1 1
to1 −  4 − = of the area of square ABCD, which is 2020  = 505 cm2.
8 4 4 4
Therefore, the answer is（E）.
Answer： （E）
21. In a park, there is a viewing trail that was paved with
identical regular pentagonal stone bricks such that one …
side of a brick is connected to one side of another
brick, as shown in the diagram. The gardener plans to …
make fences to each side of these stone bricks that are
not in contact with the other stone bricks with a
wooden board. If a total of 2021 wooden boards are
needed to pave this trail, how many stone bricks are
used?
【Suggested Solution 1】
According to the conditions of the problem, we can easily see that for both ends,
which are the first and last stone bricks, we need to use 4 wooden boards each, while
for the rest of the bricks, we need to use 3 wooden boards each. So, there are a total
2021 − 4 − 4
of + 2 = 671 + 2 = 673 stone bricks used.
3
【Suggested Solution 2】
Observe that the first and last stone bricks will require one more wooden board,
compared to the other bricks, which requires 3 wooden boards per brick. So, there are
2021 − 2
a total of = 673 stone bricks used.
3
Answer：673
22. A school conducted a survey to all of its 216 students in the fifth grade. The
results were as follows: 100 does not like to read comic books, 85 does not like
to read novels and 33 does not like to read both comic books and novels. How
many students like to read both comic books and novels?
【Suggested Solution】
From the conditions, the number of students who does not like to read both comic
books and novels is 100 + 85 − 33 = 152 . Therefore, the number of students who like
to read both is 216 − 152 = 64 .
Survey to all Grade 5 Students

100
Doesn’t like to
85
read comic books 33 Doesn’t like to
read novels

Answer：064
23. Some overlapping circles divide the plane into several
regions. Numbers are filled in these areas such that for 11
any pair of overlapping circles, say A and B, the number 12 13
8
in the intersection area of circle A and B is the average 5
of the two numbers in the areas solely in A or B. For 3
1+ 5
example, the figure on the right shows 3 = , 1
2
5 + 11 11 + 13
8= and 12 = .
2 2
In the figure on the right, there are five overlapping c
circles and ten numbers are filled according to the 17 15
conditions above. What is the sum of the numbers a e a
and b? 20 30

b 28 d
【Suggested Solution】
Adding the five equations, we get
60 + 56 + 40 + 34 + 30
a+b+c+d +e= = 110 .
2
So,
a = ( a + b + c + d + e) − (e + c ) − (d + b) = 110 − 34 − 56 = 20
b = ( a + b + c + d + e) − (e + c ) − (a + d ) = 110 − 34 − 60 = 16
Therefore, the sum of a and b is 20 + 16 = 36 .
Answer：036
24. The figure on the right shows one H-shaped paper,
where each corner is a right angle. What is the
perimeter, in cm, of the shaded region?
4 cm 20 cm

16 cm
【Suggested Solution】
A E G B
Label the points as shown in the figure on the right. By
adding auxiliary lines EG and FH, it can be seen that the
perimeter of the shaded area is just equal to the sum of
the perimeter of rectangle ABCD, the two line segments Q M
EF and GH having side length of 20 cm and the two line
segments MN and PQ having side length of 4 cm. P N
Therefore, the perimeter of the shaded area is:
(16 + 20)  2 + 20 + 20 − 4 − 4 = 104 cm.
Answer：104 C F H D
25. Grace wants to buy a total of 10 puppets, which have four kinds namely: Octopus,
Mouse, Rhino and Dog puppet using the $700 that she has. The unit prices of
these four puppets are $30, $50, $70 and $110, respectively. If she must buy at
least one type of each puppet, how many different purchase combinations are
there in total?
【Suggested Solution 1】
Since Grace has to buy at least one of kind of each puppet and she must buy a total of
exactly 10 puppets, then according to the principle of parity, the number of purchases
of these four kinds of puppets has the following three cases namely:
⚫ Four odd numbers： (1, 1, 1, 7), (1, 1, 3, 5) and (1, 3, 3, 3)
⚫ Two odd and two even： (1, 1, 2, 6), (1, 1, 4, 4), (1, 2, 2, 5), (1, 2, 3, 4) and (2, 2, 3, 3)
⚫ Four even numbers：(2, 2, 2, 4)
For convenience of our calculations below, note that 700 − (30 + 50 + 70 + 110) = 440
and 700 − 2  (30 + 50 + 70 + 110) = 180 .
(i) If the number of units purchased of these four puppets is of the combination
(1, 1, 1, 7) then 6a = 440 , so a = 30 , 50, 70 or 110. But since 440 is not a
multiple of 6, then there are no solutions.
(ii) If the number of units purchased of these four puppets is of the combination
(1, 1, 3, 5) then 2a + 4b = 440 and simplifying, we get a + 2b = 220 . So, the
values of a and b are two different numbers among 30, 50, 70, and 110. Since
220 − a a a
b= = 110 − , therefore the units digit of must be 5, this implies
2 2 2
that the units digit of b must be 5 as well, thus, there are no solutions.
(iii) If the number of units purchased of these four puppets is of the combination
(1, 3, 3, 3) then 2a + 2b + 2c = 440 and simplifying, we get a + b + c = 220 .
So, the values of a, b and c are three different values among 30, 50, 70, and
110. At this point, it is known from 30 + 50 + 70 + 110 = 260 and that the
values of a, b and c is 260 − 220 = 40 , therefore, there are no solutions.
(iv) If the number of units purchased of these four puppets is of the combination
(1, 1, 2, 6) then a + 5b = 440 . So, the values of a and b are two different
440 − a a
numbers among 30, 50, 70, and 110. Since b = = 88 − , therefore it’s
5 5
a
units digit must be 0, but since the units digit of is 8, then it will take
5
values a = 40 , 90, 140, …, thus, there are no solutions.
(v) If the number of units purchased of these four puppets is of the combination
(1, 1, 4, 4) then 3a + 3b = 440 . So, the values of a and b are two different
numbers among 30, 50, 70, and 110. But since 440 is not divisible by 3, there
are no solutions.
(vi) If the number of units purchased of these four puppets is of the combination
(1, 2, 2, 5) then a + b + 4c = 440 , so, the values of a, b and c are three different
values among 30, 50, 70, and 110.
440 − (a + b) ( a + b)
Notice that c = = 110 − so we know that c  110 .
4 4
If c = 30 ，then a + b = 320 , there are no solutions.
If c = 50 , then a + b = 240 , there are no solutions.
If c = 70 , then a + b = 160 , one number takes 50 and another takes 110, thus, we
have our first purchase combination:
 Octopus Mouse Rhino Dog
($30) ($50) ($70) ($110)
Solution 1 1 2 5 2
(vii) If the number of units purchased of these four puppets is of the combination
(1, 2, 3, 4) then the values of a, b and c are three different values among 30, 50,
70, and 110.
If c = 30 , then a + 2b = 350 , there are no solutions.
If c = 50 , then a + 2b = 290 , so b = 110 and a = 70 thus, we have our second
purchase combination:
Octopus Mouse Rhino Dog
($30) ($50) ($70) ($110)
Solution 2 1 4 2 3
If c = 70 , then a + 2b = 230 , there are no solutions.
If c = 110 , then a + 2b = 110 , so b = 30 and a = 50 , a = 70 thus, we have our
third purchase combination:
Octopus Mouse Rhino Dog
($30) ($50) ($70) ($110)
Solution 3 3 2 1 4
(viii) If the number of units purchased of these four puppets is of the combination
(2, 2, 3, 3) then a + b = 180 . So, the values of a and b are two different
numbers among 30, 50, 70, and 110. Let one number be 70 and another be 100,
thus, we have our fourth purchase combination:
Octopus Mouse Rhino Dog
($30) ($50) ($70) ($110)
Solution 4 2 2 3 3
(ix) If the number of units purchased of these four puppets is of the combination
(2, 2, 2, 4), then 3a = 180 and a = 60 . Since a can only take values among 30,
50, 70, and 110, thus, there are no solutions.
In summary, there are 4 purchase combinations:
Octopus Mouse Rhino Dog
($30) ($50) ($70) ($110)
Solution 1 1 2 5 2
Solution 2 1 4 2 3
Solution 3 3 2 1 4
Solution 4 2 2 3 3
【Suggested Solution 2】
Let a be the number of Octopus puppets bought, b be the number of Mouse puppets
bought, c be the number of Rhino puppets bought and d be the number of Dog
puppets bought, where 1  a  9 , 1  b  9 , 1  c  9 and 1  d  9 .
Using the conditions, we have the following equations:
 a + b + c + d = 10  a + b + c + d = 10 (1)
30a + 50b + 70c + 110d = 700  3a + 5b + 7c + 11d = 70
  (2)
And from (2) − (1)  3 , we get 2b + 4c + 8d = 40 , which yields b + 2c + 4d = 20 .
⚫ If d = 5 , then b = c = 0 , there are no solutions.
⚫ If d = 4 , then b + 2c = 4，Since b must be even, then b = 2，which implies c = 1
and a = 10 − 4 − 2 − 1 = 3 . So, we have our first solution which is (a, b, c, d) =
(3, 2, 1, 4).
⚫ If d = 3 , then b + 2c = 8 and since b must be even:
When b = 2 , then c = 3 and a = 10 − 3 − 2 − 3 = 2 . So, we have our second
solution which is (a, b, c, d) = (2, 2, 3, 3).
When b = 4 , then c = 2 and a = 10 − 3 − 4 − 2 = 1 . So, we have our third
solution which is (a, b, c, d) = (1, 4, 2, 3).
When b = 6 , then c = 1 and a = 10 − 3 − 6 − 1 = 0 , which is a contradiction.
⚫ If d = 2 , then b + 2c = 12 and since b must be even：
When b = 2 , then c = 5 and a = 10 − 2 − 2 − 5 = 1. So, we have our fourth
solution which is (a, b, c, d) = (1, 2, 5, 2).
When b = 4 , then c = 4 and a = 10 − 2 − 4 − 4 = 0 , which is a contradiction.
When b = 6 , then c = 3 and b + c + d = 2 + 6 + 3 = 11  10 , which is a
contradiction.
When b = 8 , then c = 2 and b + c = 10 , which is a contradiction.

⚫ If d = 1, then b + 2c = 16 and since b must be even:

When b = 2 , then c = 7 and a = 10 − 1 − 2 − 7 = 0 , which is a contradiction.
When b = 4 , then c = 6 and b + c = 10 , which is a contradiction.
When b = 6 , then c = 5 and b + c = 11  10 , which is a contradiction.
When b = 8 , then c = 4 and b + c = 12  10 , which is a contradiction.
In summary, there are 4 purchase combinations:
Octopus Mouse Rhino Dog
($30) ($50) ($70) ($110)
Solution 1 3 2 1 4
Solution 2 2 2 3 3
Solution 3 1 4 2 3
Solution 4 1 2 5 2
Answer：004