Transfer of Thermal Energy (Updated) - WB - On

TRANSFER OF THERMAL ENERGY
Transfer of thermal energy

Temperature:
 (General point of view)

A JOURNEY OF EXCELLENCY
 (Actual point of view)
 Increasing temperature increases
Heat Energy:
 Definition:
 Heat flows from a region of
 Heat flow slows down as
 If there is no temperature difference,
 Body at higher temperature loses its temperature and the one at lower temperature
raises to reach an equilibrium temperature.
 Equilibrium temperature
FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

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Internal Energy (U)
‫݈ܽݑ݉ݎ݋ܨ݈ܽݎ݁݊݁ܩ‬ǣ

As molecules in total are involved in determining internal energy, so Internal energy depends
upon
Modes of Heat Transfer
There are three modes of transferring energy from one point to another; conduction,
convection and radiation.
Conduction
Explanation:
In case of metals,

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Conduction takes place in all three states of matter but the effect is most prominent in solid.
Consequences of conduction
1. Transfer of heat through the base of the pan to the food is because of conduction.
2. Working of a liquid in glass thermometer is a consequence of conduction. Heat is
conducted through the walls of the glass bulb to the liquid inside it.
3. A person feeling a door knob cold as compared to the wooden door is a consequence of
conduction. When a person touches the door knob, and if it’s at a lower temperature
than his hand, heat flows from his hand to the door knob. Hence the temperature of the
hand drops and our sensory nerves trigger us that our hand has gone cold. This way we
feel the door knob cold.
Substances that are poor conductors of heat are called insulators. They are reluctant is
transporting heat across the temperature gradient. They also lack free electrons. Examples
of such material include, water, air, wood, plastic, rubber, foam, etc.
Factors effecting rate of heat transfer via conduction
1. Type of material

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Experiment:
2. Cross Sectional Area
3. Temperature Difference
ITS PREFERRED TO USE TO WORD “ATOMS” OR “MOLECULES”

RATHER THAN PARTICLES

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Convection
Convection only takes place in
What is convection current?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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Consequences of convection:
1. Formation of sea breeze and land breeze

are a consequence of convection. In fact,
formation of all air currents is a
consequence of convection.
Considering sea or land breeze, air above
the land heats up and cools down more
quickly than that above water. Therefore,
in the morning, the air above the land
rises and the air above the sea move
towards the land to fill the partial
vacuum generated. Hence sea breeze is
generated. In case of land breeze, at
night, land cools down quickly and so does the air above it. Air above the sea is still less

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dense so the air above the land moves towards to sea to fill the partial vacuum
generated over there. This way, we have a land breeze.
2. Spreading of cold air in fridge and refrigerators is also a consequence of convection.
3. Cool air spreading through A/C is also because of convection.
4. Air above the candle heats up and hence rises. The cooler air moves from right to left to
full the
partial
vacuum
produced
above the
candle.

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Radiation
Factors effecting heat transfer via radiation
1. Color
Colors have a great effect on the absorption and emission of infra-red radiations.
Examples:
If two bodies made of the same material are placed equidistant from a heater at the
same temperature and the heater is turned on,

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Similarly, both the objects are brought to the same elevated temperature and allowed
to cool, keeping all external conditions constant,
Constants for the experiment:
2. Surface texture
Radiations cannot be stopped completely but can be reflected.
Examples:

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Place two containers of the same material containing the same amount of water
equidistant from the heater.
Constants for this experiment:
3. Surface Temperature
ܴܽ‫ ݎ݂݁ݏ݊ܽݎݐݐ݄݂ܽ݁݋݁ݐ‬৩

4. Surface Area
ܴܽ‫ݎ݂݁ݏ݊ܽݎݐݐ݄݂ܽ݁݋݁ݐ‬৩ܵ‫ܽ݁ݎܣ݂݁ܿܽݎݑ‬



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Heat transfer to and from building
1. In building and houses, heat and transferred through walls (conduction), ceiling
(conduction) and floor (conduction).
2. Some the heat is also lost through doors and windows.
a. Carpets and curtains are used to reduce heat transfer through floor and windows
respectively. Carpets act as insulator between the floor and the environment
whereas curtain trap that also act as an insulator, reducing the heat lost through
the windows.
b. The use of double glaze windows also reduce the heat transfer through
conduction. Double glaze windows have air trapped between two layers of glass
that act as a layer of insulation. If the temperature is hot outside, heat will not
enter the room and vice versa.
Consequences of Infrared radiations
1. Used in heat vision and night vision cameras

2. Results in the heat transfer from Sun to Earth
3. Major source of cooking and heating in ovens
4. Major source of heat loss from a thermos flask

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Thermos Flask
Thermos Flasks are designed to reduces heat transfer via all three modes i.e. conduction,
convection and radiation. It is to ensure that the beverage inside retains its temperature. Hot
beverage stays hot and cold beverage stays cold.
1. Stopper: Reduces heat transfer via

2. Double-walled glass vessel: Reduces heat

transfer via
3. Silvered surfaces: Reduces heat transfer
via
4. Vacuum: Stops heat transfer via both
and
to a large extent
1. Heat travelling from inside the container in case of hot beverage is reflected by inner
shiny walled surface of the
vessel
2. Heat travelling from outside the
container in case of cold
beverage is reflected by outer
shiny walled surface of the vessel

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Transfer of Thermal Energy (Updated) - WB - On

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TRANSFER OF THERMAL ENERGY

Transfer of thermal energy

 (General point of view)

 (Actual point of view)

 Increasing temperature increases

 Heat flow slows down as

 If there is no temperature difference,

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

Modes of Heat Transfer

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

Factors effecting rate of heat transfer via conduction

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

2. Cross Sectional Area

ITS PREFERRED TO USE TO WORD “ATOMS” OR “MOLECULES”

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

Convection only takes place in

What is convection current?

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

1. Formation of sea breeze and land breeze

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

Factors effecting heat transfer via radiation

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

Constants for the experiment:

Radiations cannot be stopped completely but can be reflected.

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

Constants for this experiment:

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

Consequences of Infrared radiations

1. Used in heat vision and night vision cameras

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

1. Stopper: Reduces heat transfer via

2. Double-walled glass vessel: Reduces heat

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

FROM THE DESK OF SIR MAHAD AMER

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