OB Assignment

Mirwais Mashal
Accounting and Finance 5th semester Group (B)

Perception
A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions to give meaning
to their environment. Or the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the
senses.
For example even though he had done nothing illegal, the public’s perception was that he had
acted dishonestly, and he was forced to resign.
People’s behavior and decisions are based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality
itself. In other words, our perception becomes the reality from which we act.

Attribution theory
Attribution theory is concerned with how ordinary people explain the causes of behavior and
events. For example, is someone angry because they are bad-tempered or because something
bad happened?
The ways we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a behavior, like
coming late to work because they are lazy or party all over the night. So people tend to see
cause-and-effect relationships, even where there is none!

Decision Making
Choices made from among two or more alternatives. Decision making is something we do every
day, from choosing what to wear, eat, and read to deciding what to do with our time, energy,
and lives.
Decision making occurs as a reaction to a problem, a discrepancy between the current state
and some desired state. One person’s problem is another’s desired state. For example one
manager may view their division’s 2 percent decline in quarterly sales to be a serious problem
requiring immediate action on their part. The manager’s counterpart in another division, who
also had a 2 percent sales decrease, might consider it quite acceptable.

Creativity
The use of imagination or original ideas to create something or in simple word creativity means
inventiveness. Creativity is defined as the tendency to generate or recognize ideas, alternatives,
or possibilities that may be useful in solving problems, communicating with others, and
entertaining ourselves and others.
In order to be creative, you need to be able to view things in new ways or from a different
perspective. Among other things, you need to be able to generate new possibilities or new
alternatives. For example making or inventing of airplane when we were using only cars for
transport.

Connection between these topics

1. Perception and Attribution Theory:

 People's perceptions shape their attributions. For instance, if someone perceives
another person's actions negatively, they might attribute those actions to internal
characteristics (e.g., laziness) rather than considering external factors.
2. Perception and Decision Making:
 Perception is a crucial element in the decision-making process. Individuals make
decisions based on how they perceive information and situations.
 Wrong shape of perceptions can lead to unfair decision-making. For example, if
someone perceives a problem as more severe than it is, they might make
decisions that are not proportionate to the actual situation.
3. Attribution Theory and Decision Making:
 Attribution theory influences how people make decisions by shaping their
understanding of the causes behind events.
 For decision-makers, the attribution of success or failure can impact subsequent
choices. If success is attributed to internal factors, the individual may be more
inclined to take risks in future decisions.
4. Creativity and Decision Making:
 Creativity is the ability to generate novel and valuable ideas. Decision-making
often involves choosing between alternatives.
 Creative thinking can enhance the decision-making process by generating
innovative solutions to problems. Decision makers who can think creatively are
more likely to consider a broader range of options.
5. Creativity and Perception:
 Perception plays a role in creativity as individuals need to view things from
different perspectives and generate new possibilities.
 Creative individuals may perceive situations in unique ways, allowing them to
come up with original ideas or solutions.