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Some people think that it “allowing children to be adopted by gay, lesbian and unmarried couples
would undermine marriage and deny youngsters a stable home-life” (Conservative peers). While
several states have resolved questions relating to lesbian and gay adoption in the past few years, a
couple of states have seen challenges to what appeared to be the status quo. When Lin came out,
their parents did not believe they were nonbinary or pansexual. “They shoved everything about me
as a person under a rug,” said Lin, which felt “very disheartening and painful.” Taiwan, where Lin’s
family is from, was one of the first countries to support LGBTQ rights. There are few published
reports relevant to the issue of sexual abuse of children living in custody of lesbian or gay parents.
Participants included 44 12- to 18-year-old adolescents parented by same-sex couples and 44 same-
aged adolescents parented by opposite-sex couples, matched on demographic characteristics and
drawn from a national sample. Children's self and familial views were measured by the Kinetic
Family Drawing Rating Scale devised by the investigator and adapted from the Burns and Kaufman
(1982) scoring method for the Kinetic Family Drawing Projective Test. After a couple of dramatic
false starts in which they were left in the delivery room without the baby they expected to take
home, Morgen and Westrick went on an obsessive and tireless search to find a birthmother, whether
to accomplish an adoption by conventional means or using her as a surrogate mother. It wouldn’t be
until 1957 that the Navy came out with a report that said there is no evidence that a homosexual
could not preform and that they are not a security risk to the military, but this report was repressed
until the year 1967. An online survey examined the relationship between these types of stressors and
mental health among SGM college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, this
organization works with the Trans Sistas of Color Project to help trans individuals get their names
and gender markers changed. Your children will pick up on your feelings; if you are uncomfortable,
they will sense that something is wrong or that this is a taboo subject. What was the impact of
feminism on LGBT Rights between the 1950s and the 1970s. I try not to get all preachy but just be
honest with my children and I would hope that other familes were on the same wavelength. Thus,
contemporary research on children of lesbian and gay parents involves a wider array of research
designs (and hence, control groups) than did earlier studies. Quantitative findings concerning the
initial reactions of offspring support some of the previous qualitative reports in the field. Yes, it's
dated but it still offers some very comforting ideaa to help parents move from surprise, or worse, to
acceptance. Is there any obvious discrimination against youth belonging to the LGBT community in
juvenile courts. The diagnosis of homosexuality as an illness is bad science. The dust jacket for hard
covers may not be included. Parents were more satisfied and children were more well adjusted when
labor involved in child care was more evenly distributed between the parents. (PsycINFO Database
Record. Here are some LGBT research paper topics that let you delve into these areas and collect
ample data and content. Additionally, as recommended by Wright and Wegner (2012) for the HMS
scale, interaction variables were created for past and impact subscale scores (HMS-PI) as well as
current and impact subscale scores (HMS-CI). Using adapted measures, VanDaalen and Santos
(2017) found that Asian-American participants perceived higher levels of racism in the LGB
community than did Latinx participants. The stances most frequently taken are the religious and
political. In addition, she noted, having the support of the board and other decision makers is critical
for navigating difficult conversations and holding people accountable. Chi-square analyses showed
no difference in response to children's behavior or in self-concept of lesbian and traditional mothers.
(PsycINFO Database Record. Twenty studies reported on offspring of lesbian mothers, and three on
offspring of gay fathers. Although research regarding microaggressions experienced by sexual and
gender minority persons is advancing ( Fisher et al., 2019; Nadal, 2019 ), homophobic
microaggressions and their possible associations with individual and family outcomes have not been
specifically examined (to our knowledge) among a sample of LG parents, let alone LG adoptive
parents. Lott-Whitehead and Tully (1993) reported considerable variability in the amounts of stress
described by lesbian mothers, but did not describe sources of stress nor their relations to child
adjustment. Participants were not compensated, and participation was voluntary.
These initial reactions were not, however, necessarily indicative of perceived current closeness to the
non-heterosexual parent, one sign of how the offspring had resolved their feelings about their
parents' homosexuality or bisexuality. Other concerns, abating over time, were unrealized fears of
male devaluation and homosexuality. Read instantly on your browser with Kindle for Web. The
generally high levels of competence may reflect that our sample is comprised of adoptive parents
who undergo a rigorous screening process to evaluate their potential to be effective parents (
Pinderhughes and Brodzinsky, 2019 ). J ournal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 18, 1-
16. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 1052- 1069. Further, said Lin, this view can contribute to
pay inequality and discrimination in hiring, which furthers existing disparities. Yet they also have
unique issues, circumstances, and problems that may be the focus of treatment or that may form the
lens through which other problems are experienced. Psychological adjustment and parenting skills
were not significantly different for lesbian and heterosexual mothers. Lott-Whitehead and Tully
(1993) reported considerable variability in the amounts of stress described by lesbian mothers, but
did not describe sources of stress nor their relations to child adjustment. Special stories of
commitment and love in the LGBTQ community. Its design and test specification are reported, and
the piloting and item analysis are described. None of these assumptions are supported by extant
research and theory. (PsycINFO Database Record. Lewis (1980) suggested that children would
benefit from support groups consisting of children of lesbian or gay parents, and young people
interviewed by O'Connell (1993) agreed. No significant differences were found between the two
groups of children in self-concept or in locus of control orientation scores. For some outcomes,
methodologically sophisticated studies yielded weaker effect sizes than did other studies. Is there a
need for higher engagement among gay-straight alliances. The subjects' experiences surrounding their
mothers' disclosure were explored, and sexual identity issues and friendships were highlighted. This
instrument measures the reasons that may explain why adults become parents and the values and
functions for children in the lives of adults. Furthermore, gay and heterosexual sons did not differ on
potentially relevant variables such as the length of time they had lived with their fathers. Finally, she
addresses the political implications of chosen families. (PsycINFO Database Record. He emphasized
the importance of adopting an intersectionality framework for research on this population, and he
outlined some of the critical aspects of such a framework. How sexual orientation has become an
added axis of inequality in our society. Children of divorce scored lower than children in intact
families across a variety of outcomes, with the median effect size being 14 of a standard deviation.
The TAT and MAPS protocols of the homosexuals could be distinguished far better than chance
since nearly all the homosexual subjects gave at least one homosexual story. Heterosexuals' children
had a more aggressively tinged separation. For instance, Flaks, Fischer, Masterpasqua, and Joseph
(1995) reported that lesbian couples' parenting awareness skills were stronger than those of
heterosexual couples. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California at Berkeley,
Berkeley CA. Twenty-five young adults (aged 17-35 yrs.; 8 males) from lesbian families and 21
aged-matched controls (12 males) raised by heterosexual single mothers were interviewed regarding
their family and peer relationships, sexual orientations, and psychological adjustment. Furthermore,
lesbian social mothers feel more often than fathers in heterosexual families that they must justify the
quality of their parenthood.
The adopted child is entitled to all privileges belonging to a natural child of the adoptive parents
including the right to inherit, while the parent incurs the responsibilities of a parent with respect to
the adopted person. Political parties that have been aligned with LBGT ideologies. Alongside others
who have been oppressed, like the African American community, our battles will not be won until all
in the world believe us when we say “we deserve to live like everyone else.” Today it is easier for the
LGBT community to be out and not have to hide. He wants to see green trees so badly and I'm
surrounded by them on all sides where I am. While both groups reported oppression in the areas of
freedom of association, employment, housing, and child custody, the degree of perceived oppression
was greater for lesbian mothers. Is there any obvious discrimination against youth belonging to the
LGBT community in juvenile courts. Kahn agreed, noting that some health issues, such as mental
health, are not always visible. To discover this, a comparison is made between both parents within
the lesbian household. Although both parents reported sharing household tasks and decision making
equally, biological mothers reported greater involvement in child care, and nonbiological mothers
reported spending longer hours in paid employment. I was humbled, for example, by the learning
disabilities my son had to deal with while in school. You give them their story, in a way that lets
them know how proud you are to be their parents and in a way that makes them proud to be your
child. Evaluation of an individual or couple for these parental qualities should be determined without
prejudice regarding sexual orientation. The annotations are mostly published abstracts reprinted with
permission of PsychINFO, ERIC, the publishers, or the authors. Results appear to confirm previous
findings concerning the diversity of parenting circumstances of gay and bisexual men. She was also
enjoying the fact that she often had her mom all to herself. Tests of statistical significance included:
the t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, chi-square, Pearson's r, and analysis of variance. Child and parent
gender, total household income, parent education status, and parent sexual orientation were also
assessed. Design: Chart review of medical records of children evaluated for sexual abuse. There are
few published reports relevant to the issue of sexual abuse of children living in custody of lesbian or
gay parents. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it
easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website. Russell noted that, for the purposes
of this workshop, the planning committee adopted the definition of adolescence from the 2019
report. In the question-and-answer session, planning committee member David Chae (Tulane
University) asked speakers to comment on the role of racism within LGBTQ contexts, specifically
sexual racism in gay communities and gay online spaces, as a potential cause of racial inequities in
health and HIV. Valdez stressed that respect should go both ways, and that while adults are
sometimes not as respectful or attentive as they should be, teenagers can also lack respect and
attentiveness. These results held true for teacher reports as well as for parent reports. The data
showed that all four of the measured stressors were significantly and positively related to each other,
said Gattamorta. For people who are already marginalized, she said, “society doesn’t always listen.”
Kahn emphasized the importance of believing people when they express how they are feeling.
Beginning with estimates of the numbers of such children, sociocultural, theoretical, and legal
reasons for attention to their development are then outlined. No differences were identified between
families headed by lesbian and single heterosexual mothers, except for greater mother-child
interaction in lesbian mother families. Overall, findings indicate that solid and happy relationships
existed for the total sample of couples. Contrasting opinions for feminism and the LGBT community.
A strong child-development orientation was found among lesbian mothers, undermining the
stereotype of lesbians as aloof from children. It should just simply be that their is a little different
from mine, the end. Integration of individuals from the LGBT community into the armed forces and
military services. Huggins (1989) also reported that those who learned of maternal lesbianism in
childhood had higher self-esteem than did those who were not informed of it until they were
adolescents. In truth, family support is necessary but not sufficient. Although research regarding
microaggressions experienced by sexual and gender minority persons is advancing ( Fisher et al.,
2019; Nadal, 2019 ), homophobic microaggressions and their possible associations with individual
and family outcomes have not been specifically examined (to our knowledge) among a sample of LG
parents, let alone LG adoptive parents. Fairchild and Hayward presume that homosexuality is a
positive good, and that it is willful ignorance and homophobia that are moral wrongs. Research
findings that address the likelihood of sexual abuse are also summarized in this section. Adoption is
the legal proceeding, which establishes the legal relationship of parent and child between persons not
already so related. Increased state surveillance of Black and Brown communities filters children into
the foster care system, explained Wilson. Mothers who felt more able to disclose their lesbian
identity were more likely to express a positive sense of well-being. Further, the American
Psychological Association supports and urges the enactment of civil rights legislation at the local,
state, and federal levels that would offer citizens who engage in acts of homosexuality the same
protections now guaranteed to others on the basis of race, creed, color, etc. Further reproduction is
prohibited without permission.). Neither group revealed more psychopathology or difficulties in
separation-individuation than the other group. In addition, as part of the process, the biological
parents' rights and responsibilities are terminated. However, the moderating effects of increased
racism on. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission.). In the scale validation study,
experiencing a past homonegative microaggression was significantly moderated by impact in
predicting self-esteem ( Wright and Wegner, 2012 ). Research with these families is as yet quite new,
but a number of findings similar to those reported for families of divorced lesbian mothers have been
reported. While research is acknowledging and finding ways to incorporate the intersecting identities
and experiences of SGD youth into research, there is more work to be done. The multiplicative
hypothesis proposes that, for each additional form of discrimination a person experiences, mental
health would multiplicatively worsen (i.e., two forms of discrimination worsen mental health twice
as much as one form of discrimination). Huggins (1989) found a tendency for children whose fathers
were rejecting of maternal lesbian identities to report lower self-esteem than those whose fathers
were neutral or positive. Khan drew attention to the magnitude of student and youth activism and
noted that many political and social movements are predominantly youth led. American Journal of
Orthopsychiatry, 75 (4), 518-524. Vishnoi noted that, while many health organizations have
attempted to address these issues by establishing a diversity board or hiring a diverse person, health
systems require systemic change to better serve LGBTQ people of color. Results indicate that there
are more similarities than differences between lesbian and non-lesbian mothers in responses on the
VOC scale. Kahn agreed, noting that some health issues, such as mental health, are not always
visible. A glossary of popular terms used by the LGBT community and their meaning. Findings
suggest that the normal stressors of parenting are compounded for gay men because of their
membership in a socially stigmatized group. Practitioners who work with LG parent families could
support individual members in learning skills to navigate experiences of stigma in efforts to minimize
any harmful effects.