UCSP REVIEWER (M1-M9) are passed along by communication and

imitation from one generation to the

Cultural Variation- refers to the rich next.
diversity in social practices that different
cultures exhibit around the world. Society- defined as a group of people
- Ethnicity who share a common economic, social,
- Religion and industrial infrastructure.
- Nationality
Politics- the way that people living in
2 types of family structure: groups make decisions, making
- nuclear agreements between people so that
- extended they can live together in groups such as
tribes, cities, or countries.
Social Difference- a situation where
people are discriminated against on the Anthropology- a behavioral science
basis of social, economic, and racial that deals with the study of culture
inequality. (focuses on the various human, and
- Gender human behavior)
- Socio-Economic Classes
- Exceptionality Sociology- a behavioral science that
deals with the society (social
Lesbian differentiation is a normal feature of
Gay every known culture in the world.)
Bisexual
Transgender Political Science- science that deals
Queer with the foundation of the state and
Intersex principles of government
Asexual
The word Sociology was derived from
Political Identity- refers to a group two words logos which means study or
affiliation and describes the ways in science and socius which means group
which being a member might express or partner.
specific political opinions and attitude.
- Political Party Article III- politics clarify your rights
- Partisan Affiliation
- Political Loyalist According to Mahatma Gandhi, a
nation’s culture resides in the heart and
Culture- a way of life of a group of the souls of its people.
people--the behaviors, beliefs, values,
and symbols that they accept, generally Culture- It is define as sets of traditions,
without thinking about them, and that rules, symbols that shape and are
enacted as feelings, thoughts, and
behaviors of groups of people.
Norms- Are behavioral rules or
standards for social interaction. These
often derive from values but also
contradict values, and serve as both
guides and criticisms for individual
behavior.
Values- a set of ideas people share
good or bad, desirable or undesirable
Language- a system of verbal symbols
through which humans communicate
ideas, feelings, experiences.
Social scientist- they are the one
responsible who coined the term society
to facilitate their exploration of social
phenomena.
Society- the key concept of the
Sociological Perspective.
3 social approaches:
- Structural-Functional Approach
- Social-Conflict Approach
- Symbolic-Interaction Approach
Structural-Functional Approach
society as a “complex system whose
parts work together to promote solidarity
and stability”
Social structure
to identify a structure’s social
functions or “the consequences of any
social pattern for the operation of
society as a
whole”
Social-Conflict Approach
society as an “arena of inequality that
generates conflict and change” therefore
highlights inequality and change.
Symbolic-Interaction Approach
society as the “product of the everyday
interactions of individuals”
Society - the key concept of the
sociological concept.
Culture - The Characteristics and
knowledge of a particular group of
people.
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE:
- symbols (anything that carries
particular meaning
recognized by people who share the
same culture)
- language (a system of communication
and by a particular group)
- values (culturally-defined
standards that serve as broad
guidelines for social living)
- beliefs (specific statements that
people hold to be true)
- norms (rules and expectations by
which a society guides the behavior of
its members).
Sociology - the study of development,
structures, and functioning of human
society.
Behavior - the way which one acts or
conducts oneself.
Tradition - The transmission of customs
and beliefs from generation to
generation.
Practices - The actual application or
use of idea, belief or method.
Charecteristics of culture:
- Learned
- Shared
- Based on symbols
- Integrated (known as holism)
- Dynamic
Enculturation - the process of learning
culture.
6 aspects of culture:
- language
- religion
- daily life
- history
- arts
- government
We can also describe culture as
Dynamic, Flexible, Adaptive.
Conflict Theory was first purported by
Karl Marx.
- a Marxist inspired perspective on the
question looks at the other side of the
issue.
- does not deal with either order or
conflict.
- a theory that society is in a state of
perpetual conflict because
of competition for limited resources.
Social Change- an adaptive response
to some tension within the social system
Symbolic Interactionism- can be
applied to the use of social networking
sites and how one's identity is presented
on those sites.
- Max Weber
- George Herbert Mead (1920)
Cultural Heritage- a representation of
the ways of living developed by society
or group and passed on from generation
to generation.
TANGIBLE HERITAGE
- It includes buildings and historic
places, monuments, artifacts.
INTANGIBLE HERITAGE
- includes oral tradition, performing arts,
social practices, rituals, festive events.
UNESCO: United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization.
- established in 1945
Threats to Tangible and Intangible
Heritage.
- Earthquake
- Floods
- Cyclones
- Human-induced hazards (arson,
armed
conflict and civil unrest)
Legacy- It magnifies one’s life and living
Ethnocentrism is the tendency to use
one’s own cultural standards and
values to judge the behavior and beliefs
of people with different cultures.
- William Graham Sumner.

Cultural relativism is the idea that a

person's beliefs, values, and practices
should be understood based on that
person's own culture, rather than be
judged against the criteria of another.