Infinitive/The -ing form/Too-Enoug| (AG), Underine he correct wort Potitetjeles The participles are: 2) present participles (staying, leaving, etc.), »b) past participles (stayed, let, etc.) and ©) perfect participles (having lett, etc.) @ Present and past participles can be used as adjectives. The present participle (-ing) describes ‘what somebody or something is (it answers the ‘question ‘What kind?). The past participle (-ed) describes how somebody feels (it answers the question ‘How do you feel”). 2g. It was an embarrassing situation. (What kind of situation? Embarrassing.) He was embarrassed. (How did he feel? Embarrassed.) Participles can also be used: @ instead of a relative pronoun and full verb ‘eg. The woman waving at me is my aunt. The woman who is waving at me is my aunt.) The new shampoo advertised on TV is very expensive, (= The new shampoo which is advertised on TV is very expensive.) © to express reason eg. Feeling shy, Laura didn't talk to Ben. (= Because she was shy, ..) Having seen the film before, | decided to stay at home. (= Because | had seen the film before, I decided to stay at home.) © to express time. eg. After takingihaving taken his Master's degree, he applied fora job. Having taken his Master's degree, he applied fora job (= Atter he had taken his Master's degree, he applied for a job.) We met John while shopping. (= We met John while we were shopping.) @ instead of the past simple in narratives when we describe actions happening immediately one atter the other. 9. Hearing the news. she fainted. (= She heard the news and she fainted) to avoid repeating the past continuous in the same sentence. ‘2g. He was walking down the street whistling a tune. (= He was walking down the street and he was whistling a tune.) 1 2 GAT) rewite me sentences using partite 1 2 10 " 2 3 4 Did you enjoy the horror film? No. It was very frightened frightening. Mark is always biting his nails. | know. I's an extremely annoyediannoying habi. Why doesn't John study French? He isnot interestediinteresting in learning a foreign language \Wnat did you think of that new restaurant? It was awlul! The food was disgusted/disgusting, ‘Miss Shaw is a wonderful teacher. Yes. She is always encouragediencouraging in her attitude towards the students Dao you like windsurfing? Yes. find it very excitediexciting. Vicky is good at art. isn't she? ‘Yes. | was impressediimpressing by her paintings. Did you see the fireworks last night?” Yes. It was an amazed/amazing display erorer BPor wrarer Because she was tired. Katie went to bed Being tired, Katle went to bed. He was siting in the garden and he was drinking his tea ‘After Janet had made dinner, she called the children, The boy who is standing by the door is my brother ‘Simon cut his hand while he was chopping some wood Donna had a shower before she went to bed Because we were late, we took a tax Gary opened the window and breathed the fresh ai She was ving on her bed and she was reading a book The jewels which were taken by the thieves were very valuable Amy picked up her pen and started to write the letter. The man who is walking towards us isa relative of mine. [After the teacher had explained the exercise. he asked the students to do it. Because she had forgotten to take her purse. she had to borrow some money from a colleague38 e -ing form/Too-Enough/Participles (48, Put the verbs In brackets into the correct Innntive for atthe “ng form. Fight Atendant: Welcome aboard, si. Rope you eroy he ton Tank you. Untonurtay maa of Teen Don't wor, sr Justremember2) aster) your seat and everthing wi be te Pont mean 3) Stet. but woud ike 4 (ait net to tne window. Is that alight? Ot couse Ths seat see. You cast here Would you tke anewspepertoread? Passenger: Flight Attendant Passenger (be) Flight Attendant Passenger: No, thank you. I prefer 5) (read) books to reading newspapers. Flight Attendant: Well, must 6) (check) on the other passengers now. Passenger’ Oh. 'msorry for 7) (talk) too ‘much, m just very nervous about the fight Flight Attendant: Just ry 8) (relax) tite it, sr 1 slop 8) (see) how you are later. Passenger: Thank you very much. | hate 10) (be) so much trouble Complete the sentences using an infinitive ‘or an «ing form. 1 They delayed ...taking. read the report 2. He relused 3. We'd rather not home. 4 Ws not worth won't come. 5. I'm really looking forward to theatre on Saturday, 6 Mark was kind the decision unti they had the book back to the shop. with you, Well stay at John to the party. He tothe you home after the party. 7 They were very happy the good news. 8 Youcan all ‘now if you want 9 She walked out of the ofice without goodbye 10 They made her 11 She has gone to the post office some stamps, 32 You must, hard for your exams. 13 You had better 6+ you'll miss the tain 14 She spends most of her spare time the letter again, the piano, 48 Youte too young ‘at home by yourselt, 16 He opened the door only that the room was empty. (ee ‘Study these examples. The second sentence has a similar meaning to the first sentence. 1. L think i's dificult to raise children nowadays, raising | think raising children is difficult nowadays. 2 I's too dark to see anything in here. bright It isn't bright enough to see anything in here. 3 She made him accept full responsibilty for the accident. was He was made to accept full responsiblity for the accident, 4 Could you post this letter for me, please? mind Would you mind posting ths letter for me, please? 5 She was amused by the story and burst out laughing. found She found the story amusing and burst ‘out laughing, 6 He had aiffculty finding her house difficult was difficult for him to find her house. 7 They let me watch the rehearsal. allowed | was allowed to watch the rehearsal 8 The parly was so boring that we didn't enjoy ourselves. too The party was too boring for us to enjoy ourselves. 9 Someone saw Ben throw an envelope in the rubbish bin, was Ben was seen to throw an envelope in the rubbish bin. 10. Using the office photocopier is not allowed allow We do not allow anyone to use the office photocopier. Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word in bold. 1. Could you give me a it to the office. please? mind Would ...you mind giving... me a it to the office, please? 2 The ring was so expensive that he couldn't afford to buy it too Thering was. to buy. 3. | think i's interesting to learn about other cultures. learning think interesting 4 They let Edward go out with his friends last night allowed Edward with his frends last night 5. They heard Fiona quarrel with her brother lastnight was Fiona with ner brother last night,