I) Gailey; Gadel Gays 2023 sy 453 lai) { 1703 : pA 258] | Te Sy gd A aul 2023/7718 : eal PEE: ph lal as gr genyecicse] Fom SAS @ easy] taal) tele 4 Read each item carefully and choose the correct answer. e 1. The objective of studying. contrastive linguistics is as To explain problems in foreign language learning through the analysis of errors b. To develop course materials for language teaching based on linguistic differences, Both (a) and (b) are correct. 2. Contrastive linguistics May be of help in interlingual transfer to students of translation. b. Does not promote issues sensitive to translation. ¢. Assists in the development of thedtetical linguistics. 3. Contrastivé linguistics as-an applied branch of language study Assumes that there are similarities between two languages and explores differences — between them. a . Disregards similarities between languages totally ; ¢. Focuses on similarities between languages and disregards differences. aed 4. English belongs'to a, The Indo-European family of languages b, The Germanic group of languages A Both (a) and (b) are correct. DB -Xo ie cearepinsstasere— > Semitionanguage a. Western ZF Southem bese i 6. Hebrew and-Aramaic are'— - Semitic languages. a, Northern # Westen cc. Eastern br 7 7. In the word /assapy-<—) 2. The /b/ sound is an allophone of the phoneme /p/ The sound /b/ is tured into /p/ because of the influence of nearby /t/, ¢. The sound /p/ is turned into /b/ because of the influence of adjacent /\/. D - ciscessstCoareting tie stabisot consonaaisandivowalain English-and Arabic, Arabic conceptualizes of consonants as the essential units of words and vowels as mere ‘movements on such consonants. b. English perceives consonants as the essefitial units of words. ¢. Both English and Arabic give equal value to vowels and consonants. xA-G lore \3-e \Yea \7- ‘8 \o-€ A im,n,b,k,f,b,1.w 7* Baglish allows for clusters of 2 or 3 consonants at the beginning of a word e. 6, In English, vowels are basic to the structure of a syflable and some words contain only vowels asin (/,} & a. Hear Ger” caro] 22/ 10. Some consonants ae identical in English and Arabic. These are al MULT DEL MORONS] ibe amos (bpafis hy » lh ewan) ORO NCS pre a 11. The ¢ /X/ sound which is specific to Are A Noiceless uvular fricative b . Voiceless pharyngeal fricative c. Voiced pharyngeal fricative. 12; Comparing the pronunciation of /t ds 2/ in English and Arabic ._ In English, they are pronounced by the tip of the tongue against the upper teeth . In Arabic, they are pronounced by the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge ¥ In Arabic, they are pronounced by the tip of the tongue against the back of the upper front —— teeth a 13. In Arabic/t “d “s *z/ (4 ue ue + areemphatic sounds. They are produced a. By movement of the frdit of the tongue towards the alveolar ridge. 2% By the back of the tongue towards the velum, — c. By the back of the tongue towards the pharynx. 14, Emphatic sounds a 2% Do.not form part of the phonemes in English but, could occur as allophones in certain Srtextse.g-un 4. Donot form part of the phonemes in Arabic since there are no minimal pairs including Gontrastive emphatic and non-emphatic sounds. fg. They are alveolarized consonants in English and Arabic that can occur anywhere in the word. x 15. Regarding consonant clusters a, Arabic allows for them word initially x spring ¢. When consonant clusters occur in Arabic words initially es 5 16, Regarding geminate consonants: a. English allows for morphologically conditioned germination. Arabic allows for both morplidlogically and phonologically conditioned germination c. English words spelt with double consonants are pronounced twice. 17. Concerning gender a, English is characterized by grammatical gender. Arabic gender does not correspond to biological sex. ¢. English and Arabic are characterized by grammatical gender. 18. To form the passive participld in Arabic, the most common pattern used is a CaaCiC wd, ue b, moCaCCiC pL ay is required. yA monCaCiC pre oj) JeHeo 24, Regarding i 19. In agish some of the ee aac that form nouns are a -ation -ity -ance -st a b. -ation ity pet ee y <—ation ity “-ship ance p+ @- ©20. in English some of the derivational suffixes that form adjectives are (2® —ing as in charming; -ous as in dangerous; -ary as in ara 'b. ive as in active; -ship as in hardship; -al as in informal ‘ ¢. —al as in arrival; -ed as in surprised; -ous as in prosperous 3 21. Regarding case in English and Arabic a. The number of cases in English is eqWal to those in Arabic b. English has thrée cases while Arabic has 5 major cases. ATE v& Englishyhas five cases while Arabic has'3'major cases. 22. "g3""applies:to a. Subject, subject (doer), subject of the passive a Subject, predicate, subject (doer) and subject of the passive ea ) c. Subject (doer), subject of the passive and predicate. 23. Adjectives agree with the modified nouns a. In English (AS Tn Arabic c. Inboth ection _3f While Arabic is known for being a highly i © inflections. b. While English is known for being a highly inflectional language, Arabic uses few inflections ¢. Inflection usage is eqttal in English and Arabic. 25 * © 45-Possessive form has two possibilities XoFY Or Y'sX. These options are found in a. English only b., English and Classical Arabic English and Egyptian Colloquial Arabic. al language, English uses ¥ GOOD LUCK