BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE DEMONSTRATION

3.1.  Student Outcomes (SOs) Addressed by the Activity

SO d, Design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze, and interpret data, and synthesize
information to provide valid conclusions for investigating complex problems.
SO i, Function effectively as an individual and as a member or leader in diverse teams and in
multidisciplinary setting.

3.2.  Activity’s Intended Learning Outcomes (AILOs)

At the end of this activity the student shall be able to:
a)   Understand the basic concept of Bernoulli’s Energy Principle of incompressible fluid.
b)   Measure the heads, velocity, and flow factor along a venturi nozzle.
c)   Apply the knowledge learned in the relevant professional engineering practice.

3.3.  Objective/s of the Activity

This experiment aims to understand, investigate and demonstrate the Bernoulli’s principle of
incompressible fluid flows in a pressurized closed conduit system. And the application in determining
velocity profile for a venturi nozzle.

3.4.  Principle of the Activity

On this experiment Bernoulli’s principle of incompressible fluid is being demonstrated. Bernoulli’s
Principle of incompressible fluid can be derived in two basic physical laws (Using Newton’s Second Law
of Motion and Conservation of Energy) and not considering the effect of viscosity, compressibility of fluids
and the thermal effects.
Considering the Conservation of Energy, Bernoulli’s Principle stated that in a steady flow of an
incompressible fluid (i.e. liquids) the summation of all forms of mechanical energy (i.e. Kinetic and
Potential Energy) in a streamline remain constant in all points. Thus it requires an increase in fluid flow
velocity occur proportionately an increased in dynamic pressure and kinetic pressure, simultaneously
decrease in static pressure and potential energy.

Figure 3-1: Fluid Flow in Closed Conduit

In which the mathematical form of the Bernoulli’s Energy Principle is written by the equation:
𝑃" 𝑉"&
+ + 𝑧" = 𝐸"
𝛿 2𝑔
,- 0-1
Where:  – the pressure head; – the velocity head; 𝑧" – the elevation head; and 𝐸" – the total energy
. &2
head at point 1.

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 Figure 3-2: Wing of Airplane: Application of Bernoulli’s
Principle

While in the basis of Newton’s second law of motion, Bernoulli’s Principle stated the small volume fluids
that flow in a horizontal line from a high pressure region to low pressure region produce a net force to the
volume causing the streamline to accelerating, in which best application of this principle is the design of
wing of airplane.

Table 3-1: Venturi Nozzle Physical Parameters

Measuring Point Area, A mm2 Reference Velocity, Cref
1 338.6 1.00
2 233.5 1.45
3 84.6 4.00
4 170.2 2.00
5 255.2 1.33
6 338.6 1.00

Table 3-2: Parts of Bernoulli’s Principle Demonstrator

Position Parts
1 Diagram
2 Six Tube Manometer
3 Water Supply
4 Valve
5 Venturi Nozzle
6 Water Drain
7 Valve
8 Pitot Tube
9 Single Tube Manometer

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Unit Description

Figure 3-3: Parts of Bernoulli’s Principle Demonstrator ©2017 GUNT Inc.

Reference
Velocity use to calculate the theoretical velocity along measuring points using the formula, 𝑉3456 =
<
𝐶859 ×𝑉; , where, 𝑉; = , Q is calculated in volumetric tank.
=>

3.5.  Materials/Equipment
1 unit HM 150.0 Basic Hydraulic Bench
HM 150.0 Basic Hydraulic Bench Accessories
1 unit HM 150.07 Bernoulli’s Principle Demonstrator
1 Set Timer
Power and Water Supplies

3.6.  Procedures
1.   Make hose joining between HM150 and HM 150.07. Open discharge of HM150.
2.   Set cap nut (1) of probe compression gland such that slight resistance is felt on moving probe.
3.   Open inlet and outlet valves.
4.   Switch on pump and slowly open main cock of HM 150.
5.   On water pressure gauges, open vent valves (2).
6.   Carefully close outlet valve until pressure gauges are flushed.
7.   Regulate water level in pressure gauges such that neither upper nor lower range limit (UL, LL) is
overshot or undershot by simultaneously setting inlet and outlet valve.
8.   At all measurement points, record the pressures. Then move overall pressure probe to
corresponding measurement level and note down overall pressure.
9.   Determine volumetric flow rate. Use stopwatch to establish time t for raising the level in the tank
of the HM 150 from 20 L to 30 L.

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3.7.  Activity Report
Course Code:
Course Title: Activity No.:
Group No.: Section:
Group Members: Date Performed:
Date Submitted:
Instructor:

3.7.1.  Data and Results

 
Table 3-3: Data for Pressure Heads and Velocity
Volume, Time, Discharge,
Trial Measuring Point 1 2 3 4 5 6
V (m3) t (sec) Q (m3/s)
Total
Head, h
Static
(mm)
1 Dynamic
Velocity, Measured
V (m/s) Calculated
Total
Head, h
Static
(mm)
2 Dynamic
Velocity, Measured
V (m/s) Calculated

Table 3-4: Determination of Flow Rate Coefficient

Volume, V Time, t Discharge, Q Static head Difference,
Trial Flow Rate Factor, K
(m3) (sec) (m3/s) Δh (mm)
1
2
3
Mean K Value
 
3.7.2.  Computation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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 3.7.3.  Graphical Data
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Figure 3-4: Velocity Profile on Venturi Nozzle Meter
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Figure 3-5: Pressure Distribution on Venturi Nozzle Meter

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 3.7.4.  Conclusions

  14  
3.7.4. Interpretation of Results
3.7.5 Conclusion
3.7.6 Documentation
 11

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

RUBRIC FOR CONDUCT OF EXPERIMENTS
(Engineering Programs)
Program : CIVIL ENGINEERING Course & section: ________ Semester & School Year: 2ND SEMESTER S.Y. 2022-2023
Activity No.: Date Performed: ____________ Faculty: ENGR. GIVEN DAVE P. LAYOS
Group No.: Date Submitted: ____________
Group Members:
1. 3. 5.
2. 4. 6. ____________________________________

Score
Need Improvement Fair Good Very Good Excellent
Criteria Member Member Member Member Member
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Members does not follow Member follows good and safe
Member follows good and safe Member follows good and safe Member follows good and
good and safe laboratory laboratory practice at all times in the
laboratory practice 30% of the laboratory practice 60% of the safe laboratory practice all the
Conducting of Activity practice in the conduct of conduct of activity and encourage
time in the conduct of activity time in the conduct of activity times in the conduct of activity
activity others to do the same

Members is unable to Member is able to operate Member is able to operate Member is able to operate
Member is able to operate equipment
Equipment and/or operate the equipment and equipment and instrument with equipment and instrument with equipment and instrument
and instrument with ease even if not
Instrument Operation instruments and needs being supervised thrice during being supervised twice during with being supervised ones supervised
and Material Handling supervision all the time the activity the activity during the activity
The group presents relevant,
The group presents more complete, and accurate data in an
The group presents relevant The group presents minimum
Data Collection The group presents mostly than the minimum required organized and coherent manner with
but partial and inaccurate required data that are relevant
irrelevant data data that are relevant and visual representations such as tables,
data and accurate
accurate graphs, etc.
The group uses appropriate tools and
The group uses appropriate
techniques and arrives at correct
Data Analysis and The group makes no The group attempts to analyze The group uses appropriate tools and techniques and
results; and validates results with
attempt to analyze the the data but uses inappropriate tools and/or techniques and arrives at correct results; and
theories. Consequently, relates results
Evaluation tools and/techniques arrives at correct results. validates results with theories
data to other knowledge
The group presents clear and The group presents clear and logical
The group presents clear and
The group presents no The group presents no logical interpretation of results
Interpretation and logical interpretation of results interpretation of results and arrives at
interpretation of results interpretation of results and and arrives at correct
and arrives at correct correct conclusion and partially relates
Conclusion and conclusions arrives at incorrect conclusions conclusion and partially
conclusion these to all the objectives
relates these to the objectives
Total Score
Mean Score = (Total Score/5)
Percentage Score = (Total Score/%) x 100%
Other Comments/Observations:

Evaluated by:

Signature of Faculty Date