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Download Free PDF View PDF Should Human Reproductive Cloning be Banned. In order to study
the functions based on the sequence of these building blocks, DNA molecules must be inserted in
carrier molecules (plasmid-vectors) to be multiplied. The zygotes made for this research would be
just that. Sections of tissue are cut under aseptic conditions and placed on the surface of the medium.
An author of the following writing seeks to discuss the moral problems related to the cloning of
humans and consequences that could follow it. He believes that cloning is ethical because a clone has
its own environment to grow which makes it different from its parent. The Amazon CloudFront
distribution is configured to block access from your country. Let us write or edit the research paper
on your topic. Typically, countries have adopted a form or system of compulsory education.... The
age range of compulsory education differ across countries and countries have various degrees of
intensity and energy in implementing their compulsory education but a form of compulsory
education is being implemented worldwide just the same. This makes the study of cloned species
increasingly difficult. (Human Genome Project Information, 2009, p2.) The Ethical Question:
Should humans be cloned. Usually this involves copying the DNA sequence of that gene into a
smaller, more accessible piece of DNA, such as a bacterial plasmid. The resulting embryo could then
be implanted into the woman who donated the nucleus, and she would carry the baby to term. As
stated in the beginning, certain conditions and regulations should be put on human cloning before it
is completely abolished. However human cloning is forbidden under any circumstance. The keen
desire and curiosity to overcome nature has led man to indulge in a lot of new ventures. It is
therefore essential to utilize the technology only for therapeutics and not for generating replicas. This
leads to the death of lymphocytes therefore the sufferer has no immune system. Many scientists feel
that if we eat these foods they can create many problems like diseases for us in the future. Further
adding to the difficulty of cloning projects, the short life span of cloned animals don’t allow ling
term recording of data of cloned animals. According to Savulescu (1999), human cloning is
accountable to abuse, a person's right to individualism and self-sufficiency and being self is violated,
moreover genetic individuality is also lost and human beings are used as a model organism. In
biology, cloning is the process of producing one or more. Human Cloning has become the subject of
discussion in various fields. Therapeutic cloning can give people who need a kidney or a heart
transplant the kidney or heart they need. For people without legs or arms, prosthetic legs or arms that
mimic movements the same as a real human body part. Researchers have not only cloned sheep like
dolly but they have also cloned other animals like cats, monkeys, mice, goats, pigs, rabbits, etc.
Those who oppose human cloning argue that this unnatural style of reproduction has an
overwhelming potential for decisions being made based on reasons of vanity in regard to children. I
would like to express my special thanks to my Biology master. So, therapeutic cloning is a much
better technique. This long essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 7 to class 10, and also
for competitive exam aspirants. Human cloning was finally created, and everyone who wanted a
clone of themselves bought one.
Overwhelming scientific evidence suggests that such techniques are not safe at this progression in
the state of cloning technology. The egg cell is then prompted to begin forming an embryo. At a very
early stage, embryonic cells retain pluripotency. Read further: Gene Transfer Techniques- Horizontal,
Vertical, Physical and Chemical. We are also saying that other cloning methods will have the
approval of the community and will be acceptable. Research reveals that cloning encompass
generation of copies of DNA or of cells leading to the development of complete organism. In vitro
fertilization usually requires the retrieval of many cells and can take several times to work if it does at
all. Assuming nothing goes wrong, an exact copy of the donor animal is born. Restriction enzymes
(we have used previously) are allowed to digest the GOI to re-isolate our product. There is a large
shortage in the number of organs available for transplants and continued research in cloning of this
type could eliminate this problem. There is the notion that a clone would not be the same as any
other person, but a clone is just a normal person, created with and having the same genes as the
person being cloned. She was alive for 6 years despite the fact that the average lifespan of a sheep is
12 years. This could even happen to the entire human race if everyone on earth had the same genes.
0. In a way it would be inhumane to clone people because clones will not be considered as
individuals or humans. Therapeutic cloning is the production of human embryos for research. Keep
on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies. In cloning a single cell of
an organism is used to make a genetically identical clone by culturing it in a laboratory. If we start to
clone humans there may be defects and diseases in the offspring. With other species, especially the
long-lived perennials such as oak and chestnut, it is a very difficult procedure. After successful
insertion, it starts replicating and generates copies of DNA. Nowadays genetic engineers can produce
Human Growth Hormone in a similar way to the production of insulin, the gene is introduced into
bacteria DNA such as E. Then using electromagnetic pulses, the egg cell acts like a zygote and is
placed in a surrogate mother. That ewe then carries the clone until it is ready to give birth. The
species chosen is often one that can reproduce asexually very quickly eg. Bacteria. Thus a clone of
cells that all contain the same important genes is formed. This is just another tool that can be used to
our advantage, so why not do it if it can help improve the health of society. A clone is any cell or
individual which is identical to another. Researchers believe that it is unethical to destroy embryos
that will eventually form children. e.g.: a cloned cow recently died weeks after its birth with a huge
abnormality in blood pressure. The process is thought to be of therapeutic or reproductive
importance. The second and more reliable method of artificial cloning. These embryos can then be
transplanted into surrogate mothers and carried to term. This was first achieved in mammals with the
famous Dolly the.
These stem cells can be used in experiments aimed at understanding disease and developing new
treatments for disease. The technique utilizes embryonic stem cells for mending and reinstate
damaged tissues. Human Cloning is a term used to define the creation of a genetically similar copy
of a human being (MacKinnon 9). The human race has made it this far without cloning, and we will
go on to last without it. A wealth of other concerns could well preclude ever attempting human
clones, the report said: “The notion of cloning raises issues about identity and individuality, the
meaning of having children, the difference between procreation and manufacture, and the
relationship between the generations”. Neither your address nor the recipient's address will be used
for any other purpose. The DNA is carried within the liposome which fuses with cells allowing the
DNA they contain to enter the cell. Cloning is discouraged by various nations as cloning is against
the rule of nature, which is generating humans, nurturing them and paving the way for uncertainties
related with the repercussions of science. We use cookies to create the best experience for you. Ever
since the cloning of the first adult sheep, Dolly, the idea of cloning has become a major issue and the
subject of many debates. Step 6: Isolating cloned gene: Once we get a successful culture, we have a
huge amount of transformed bacteria cells with our gene of interest. If the child were cloned, then
there would be a perfect match available. When a team from the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh
successfully cloned an adult mammal for the first time in 1996, the possibility of human cloning
came a step closer to reality. The contentions of DuFour (1998) focus on identification of
characteristics of PLCs, to wit: '1) shared mission, vision, and values, 2) collective inquiry, 3)
collaborative teams, 4) action orientation and experimentation, 5) continuous improvement, and a 6)
results orientation' (PLCs: Brief history, n. Conclusion: In conclusion, whether the government bans
cloning or not, it is inevitably going to take place. I am still not sure about the plans to start cloning
humans. Presence of recognition site: It should have a decent recognition site for the restriction
enzyme to cleave. Human growth hormone is only active in humans therefore a hormone from
another species cannot be used in it's place, as in the previous treatment for diabetes when insulin
was not produced. At a cloning forum sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement
of Science, “participants grappled about ethical and moral issues raised by the unexpected
appearance of Scotland’s cloned sheep, Dolly.” At the forum, the total consensus was directly
pointed at making the procedure illegal for human cloning. This will also help those who are at a
high risk for having a child with a genetic disease. However, their cloning is as simple as entering a
machine and there instantly being a copy of you. To use a vector or plasmid in the gene cloning or
DNA cloning experiments, it must have several characteristics, Self-replication: A vector can
replicate using its own replication machinery. Human cloning is the process of generating a
genetically indistinguishable replica of human being. It corresponds with a presentation at this link,
if anybody is interested. Name Name Email Enter your email address Subscribe Archives Archives.
Artificial embryo twinning copies this separation of a singular embryo into two separate embryos, yet
it is done in a laboratory and the embryos are separated manually in a petri dish after the embryo first
splits. This embryo contains cells, which have the potential to develop into any one of the 216 cell
types that make up the body. Many intellectuals and philosophers have expressed their thoughts and
notions about the ethical and unethical issues related to the human cloning. ? human cloning
Philosophy by AristotleTerm cloning refers to the scientific approaches and successful practices of
making copies of living or non-living organisms. This newborn sheep has all of the same
characteristics of a normal newborn sheep. Go through them and see how much it helps you in
coming up with a good piece of paper.
Considering the positive aspects displayed by the process of cloning, the technology must be
presented to meet the challenges being imposed by calamities every day. The moral predicament of
human cloning lies on the argument to promote or to impede cloning. It could be used to replace
skin tissues for burn victims, to replace damaged brain tissues, spinal cord cells or for regenerating
tissues of various malfunctioning or non-functioning organs (Smith). Sections of tissue are cut under
aseptic conditions and placed on the surface of the medium. Apart from any fair dealing for the
purpose of private study or research, no. RELATED PAPERS Should the development of cloning
technology be stopped. However, their cloning is as simple as entering a machine and there instantly
being a copy of you. Apart from its high cost and low success rates cloned animals have shown high
susceptibility to diseases and displayed an extremely fragile immune system. In nature, such
diversity enables plants (and animals) to respond to changes in the environment, such as diseases,
insect epidemics, and changes in the climate or habitat. It has been found that cells placed in oviducts
early in their development are much more likely to survive than those incubated in the lab. Gene
therapy: One of the fascinating uses of gene cloning is in gene therapy to cure genetic disorders. This
quote encapsulates how the general population feels about death; afraid; pitiful; and questioning. The
mist likely causes of such peculiar and unforeseen death can be attributed to fault genetic coding.
(Life Technologies, 2012, p.5) When an embryo is formed from an egg and a sperm it received
copies of most genes from both parents. The number of DNA copies obtained after the experiment is
far more than the conventional gene cloning technique. The DNA is carried within the liposome
which fuses with cells allowing the DNA they contain to enter the cell. On the other hand, there is a
time and a place for everything, including research. The scientific term, “Cloning” is the replication
of an organism such that its genetic makeup is the same and as a result it appears as a carbon copy of
its original counterpart. Cloning is inhumane as it abolish the bond of love and care and is said to be
transgressing the nature. Research is going on for replacement cloning which is an amalgamation of
therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Dr Tushar has guided various research projects and published 6
peer-reviewed articles complemented by an extensive portfolio of over 500 blog articles. Should
parents choose the traits of a future child, as is possible with cloning. You can download the paper
by clicking the button above. The cloning of Dolly has been the most important event in cloning
history. The limitations of gene cloning were overcome after the discovery of the Polymerase chain
reaction in 1983. These proteins will then indicate the successful uptake of the plasmid bearing DNA
fragments into the organisms or the cells respectively. Against Human Cloning Initially, cloning was
only possible on plant. Cloning is discouraged by various nations as cloning is against the rule of
nature, which is generating humans, nurturing them and paving the way for uncertainties related with
the repercussions of science. In order to understand Spar's analysis of the ethical considerations in the
business of adoption, it may be wise to likewise draw on the thoughts and analysis made by the Dalai
Lama on the ethical issues behind the issue of genetic modification and human cloning in a chapter
entitled “Ethics and the New Genetics” in his book “The Universe in a Single Atom. With so many
unknowns concerning reproductive cloning, the attempt to clone humans at this time is considered
potentially dangerous and ethically irresponsible. (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2012,
p1.). Works Cited 1. The University of Utah., 2012. Learn Genetics: What is Cloning. Finally, the
embryo is placed into the uterus of a surrogate mother ewe.
Human cloning was finally created, and everyone who wanted a clone of themselves bought one.
That ewe then carries the clone until it is ready to give birth. Thus, even though GM foods are
available to us people are still in doubt as to whether they should consume them.UK has recently
given. Within a short period of time the callus propagate; it is then cut into small pieces and
transferred to a medium rich in auxin, a chemical that promotes root formation, or kinetin, which
promotes shoot initiation. Typically, countries have adopted a form or system of compulsory
education.... The age range of compulsory education differ across countries and countries have
various degrees of intensity and energy in implementing their compulsory education but a form of
compulsory education is being implemented worldwide just the same. If the embryo survives, it is
allowed to grow for about six days, incubating in a sheep's oviduct. Human Cloning can help
reverse heart attacks and even their effects. The process is thought to be of therapeutic or
reproductive importance. Ohtsubo Syoutaro Kawahara Yuji Nagata Chemistry, Biology Scientific
Reports 2024 TLDR It is reported that Taq polymerase has the undesirable characteristic of
removing 5' fluorescent labels from dsDNA, which may have compromised various experiments
involving the preparation of fluorescently-labeled dsDNA by PCR for a long time. Several Clones
died early because of complication, inadequate resistance to common infections and diseases and
unknown reasons. “The same problems would be expected in human cloning. Technically, the gene
cloning technique combines restriction digestion, ligation, synthesis by artificial means and generates
copies of a specific gene or DNA. Stem cells can be used to create any specialized cells in the human
body e.g.: cells of the liver,skin,heart etc. In addition, scientists do not know how cloning could
impact mental development.” (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2012, p1.). Also the
factors as metal health, intellect, mood, psychology etc are not important in animals they are
extremely important in the human race that defines human success and capabilities. In cloning a
single cell of an organism is used to make a genetically identical clone by culturing it in a laboratory.
Are you looking for a model custom writing service. As genes are responsible for the normal
functioning of the body, any defect in the gene or alteration of its nitrogen base sequences could be
devastating. In the United States at least, there is supposed to be a separation of church and state, so
anything having to do with God should play no part in law making. Subscribe to our blog for more
information, weekly newsletters, insights and technical tips. Researchers believe that it is unethical to
destroy embryos that will eventually form children. e.g.: a cloned cow recently died weeks after its
birth with a huge abnormality in blood pressure. The initial success that leading cloning experts and
researchers had with the creation of a cloned sheep Dolly initiated the enthusiastic pursuit of this
controversial discipline that has far reaching impacts on the biology of mankind, life and the society
at large as well. Some believe it is “playing god” to make an artificial life. The ethical ramifications
of cloning, especially with regard to humans, seem to defy easy limitation. Clones are generated
using somatic cells and in recent years with the help of stem cells. Step 6: Isolating cloned gene:
Once we get a successful culture, we have a huge amount of transformed bacteria cells with our gene
of interest. Human cloning also creates questions about the soul, the role of God in society and even
the quality of life that a cloned person would have. In the earlier years of cloning, the desire to have
useful and outstanding characteristics was the in thing. There are two types of cloning: natural
cloning and artificial cloning. Many people feel that it is unethical and immoral to clone humans. The
PCR saves time and money and provides ease in the experiment, this makes it a powerful “tool” in
genetics and genomics. This step only becomes useful when the DNA is altered, such as in the case
of Polly, because then the changes can be studied to make sure that they have taken effect.