Title: The Challenges of Crafting a Research Paper on Liver Disease

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Visualization of the application of the SMOTE: ( a, b ) two different groups with a high imbalance
numbers in output variables; ( c, d ) two different groups with balance numbers in output variables.
From the exploratory data analysis, ALP, ALB, CHOL, and PROT had missing values. An algorithm
for the grading of activity in chronic hepatitis C. Please note that many of the page functionalities
won't work as expected without javascript enabled. Keywords: development, furrow, morphology,
autopsy, variation. 1 Introduction The liver is a wedge shaped organ which is considered as the
largest gland in the human body. Measurement of two main protein types found in circulation,
albumin and globulin, and; Cholesterol: Measurement of total cholesterol in the blood; HDL and
LDL are the main lipids identified. After an acute liver injury, necrotic or apoptotic cells will be
replaced by regenerated parenchymal cells. Biomarkers for liver fibrosis: advances, advantages and
disadvantages. Surgical jejeunostomy tube placed and nutrition support consult ordered.
Additionally, a clear definition of ballooning is given. Diseases of the bile ducts obstruct the flow of
bile from liver to small intestines, leading to swelling of the liver. Seminario biologia molecular-
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. After chronic liver injury, necrotic or apoptotic cells will be
replaced by regenerated parenchymal cells. An interesting result was observed for RF: there were no
FP samples in the testing data set. This injury then results in activation of the wound healing process;
when this healing process goes awry, liver disease can develop, the first stage of which is liver
fibrosis. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a review of anti-diabetic pharmacologic therapies.
Infected individuals especially those at the latent stage are the reservoirs for the bacterium. After
applying the SMOTE, 509 samples were added to the minority class. The FXR is a bile acid nuclear
receptor that plays a role in lipoprotein and glucose metabolism, hepatic regeneration, and regulation
of hepatic inflammation. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed). Moreover,
fructose, a compound frequently found in sugar beverages, has been shown to promote a leaky gut
and liver fibrosis. End Stage Liver Disease with GERD and Bleeding Esophageal Varices. Recent
Family Crisis or Changes: according to informant, they have difficultin. The clinical results are more
data-driven than model-dependent. The activation leads to HSC proliferation ( 71, 75 ). Diagnosis
of the disease is based on physical and medical examinations, apart from liver biopsy and CT scans.
The described ML methods can assist health sectors to achieve a better diagnosis providing effective
results in identifying groups or levels within medical data to facilitate healthcare workers. Clinically,
hemophilia B and A are indistinguishable which also presents with hemorrhagic episodes. Moreover,
based on the available data and international guidelines, a multi-disciplinary approach to treat and
guide NAFLD patients is recommended due to the association with other metabolic features. High
levels of TGF-?1 correlate with progression of hepatic fibrosis.
Medline Google Scholar 85 Aravinthan A, Mells G, Allison M et al. Fibrosis is not spread uniformly
throughout the liver, which leads to this sampling error ( 132 ). Which is responsible for abnormal
nerve function, coughing up or vomiting blood, kidney failure, liver failure, jaundice, liver
encephalopathy and there are many more. Liver fibrosis is usually the result of Liver sirrhosis.
Another significant function of the liver is detoxification. Another problem in the assessment of
histological liver biopsy samples is inter- and intra-observer variability ( 128 ). Nonetheless, with
sufficient operator experience, the failure rate and unreliability can be minimized ( 117, 160 ).
Postgraduate Diploma in Hospital Management and Operational Excellence - Broc. Nursing Care of
Patients with Life Threatening Conditions, High Acuity Situat. Positive screening tests include
thrombin time and reptilase time which is prolonged due to inhibition of fibrinopeptide A release or
fibrin monomer polymerization. Differential DNA methylation at peroxisome proliferator-activated
receptor-. We studied 214 obese patients with NAFLD over a period of 5 years. Moreover, they are
not organ specific and may also correlate with diseases in other organs. Aminotransferases Liver
disease is most important cause of increased transaminase activity in serum. Original art: graphic art
created by Roger Yoder Iconic Images, provided by PresenterMedia. We use cookies to create the
best experience for you. Although, the accuracy levels for all three methods performed well based on
the testing data set. We use cookies to create the best experience for you. They used 73 patients (52
males, 21 females) with a proven serological and histopathological diagnosis of hepatitis C.
Activityintolerancerelated to bed rest, fatigue, lack of energy, and altered. Non-alcoholic fatty liver
disease: a review of anti-diabetic pharmacologic therapies. Exenatide improves type 2 diabetes
concomitant with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. As liver cirrhosis renders it incapable of removing
drugs and medicines from the blood effectively, they persist in blood longer than required, thereby
inducing severe side effects and drug sensitivity. Draft Reflection Paper on Regulatory Requirements
for the Development of Medicinal Products for Chronic Non-infectious Liver Diseases (PBC, PSC,
NASH). No other variation was obser ved in the liver. 3 Discussion The congenital malformations of
the liver include agenesis of the lobes, absence of segments, deformed lobes, decrease in lobe size,
atrophy of the lobes and hypoplastic lobes (DA VER, BAKHSHI, P ATIL? et? al.,? 2005). It was
described that among all these malformations, the lobar and segmental anomalies are rare. These
extra-hepatic complications, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and non-liver malignancies,
are responsible for a significant part of NAFLD-attributable morbidity and mortality ( 5, 6 ). Acute
on chronic liver failure in cirrhosis. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 2, 16041 ( 2016 ). Current guidelines for
the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review with comparative analysis.
It does not change the platelet count, hematocrit, or hemoglobin content. Histologically, cirrhosis is
characterized by fibrotic septa that connect the portal tracts with each other and with the central
veins ( Figure 1C ).
The cut-off value should thus be decided based on the purpose of the test in a specific clinical
situation (the so-called context of use) ( 145 ). Currently, non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis is
composed of two different approaches: a biological approach based on the quantification of
biomarkers (mostly in serum) and a physical approach based on the measurement of liver stiffness (
117 ). Lipid overload, as seen in NAFLD, is a major contributor to the development of lipotoxicity (
Figure 1A ). Most of the studies are, however, performed in mice, and more research in humans is
necessary ( 101 ). This study showed several machine learning approaches with PCA, which
outperformed the classification. Medline Google Scholar 39 Ikura Y, Morimoto H, Ogami M et al.
Medline CAS Google Scholar 30 Boeker KHW, Haberkorn CI, Michels D, Flemming P, Manns MP,
Lichtinghagen R. Imatinib mesylate (STI-571) attenuates liver fibrosis development in rats.
Classification methods were applied to the reduced data set with the PCA and Gini index selected
risk factors. Genetic mutation of glutamine to arginine substitution at 506 position results to a factor
V that is resistant to cleavage by protein C. Medline CAS Google Scholar 48 Rosenberg WMC,
Voelker M, Thiel R et al. These cells produce extra-cellular matrix that results in liver fibrosis.
Simtuzumab is ineffective for patients with bridging fibrosis or compensated cirrhosis caused by
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In Figure 7, a scree plot (right) is shown to determine the number of
input variables. These techniques are improving day by day in order to predict and diagnose the liver
disease in human. All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to
the review, and approved it for publication. Fibril-forming type I collagen is profuse in healthy liver.
A CMP with a liver function panel can detect albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine
amino-transferase (ALT), aspartate amino-transferase (AST), gamma glutamyl-transferase (GGT),
creatine (CREA), total protein (PROT), and bilirubin (BIL). Serum markers detect the presence of
liver fibrosis: a cohort study. Juwano, ginger, besar, marcha for some common health problem.
However, sustained and progressive fibrosis can become pathogenic. Cirrhosis is a seriously
debilitating and irreversible disease afflicting liver, the most important organ of the human body.
Michael P Holt C. Ju Medicine, Environmental Science Handbook of experimental pharmacology
2010 TLDR It is hoped that this chapter will shed light on the major problems associated with DILI
in regards to the pharmaceutical industry, drug regulatory agencies, physicians and pharmacists, and
patients. Aminotransferases Liver disease is most important cause of increased transaminase activity
in serum. But if detected and managed at an early stage, it's possible to stop both NAFLD and
NASH from getting worse. Medline CAS Google Scholar 84 Hall RA, Liebe R, Hochrath K et al.
Retrieved 2011, September 10, from Zorn, A.M. (2008). Liver Development. In StemBook.
Retrieved 2011, September 10, from. Possible new targets can be found in the gut microbiome. After
comparing with Figure 5 and the results from the PCA, AST, ALT, ALP, BIL, and GGT were used to
train the classification models. The FFA are normally broken down in the mitochondria by beta-
oxidation.
Gastroscopic Examination showed bleeding esophageal varices. Another reason could be due to
electrolyte imbalances including the low levels of sodium (122. Chief mitogen for activation of
HSCs is PDGF which is produced by Kupffer cells. This approach can help healthcare management
and professionals to explore better results in numerous clinical applications, such as medical image
processing, language processing, and tumor or cancer cell detection, by finding appropriate features.
Medline CAS Google Scholar 71 Naveau S, Poynard T, Benattar C et al. Hepatamine was ordered in
order for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with. From Figure 8, AST, ALT, ALP,
BIL, and GGT were the most important variables observed in the data set. Diagnostic efficacy of
serum Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer and other markers for liver fibrosis in non-
alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Although stand-alone biomarkers are unlikely to provide the complex
set of information that a liver biopsy offers, they can, if accurate and validated, provide an
alternative to the biopsy to assess specific aspects of the disease. The UCI Machine Learning
Repository received consent. The magnitude is the area under the ROC curve and is a ratio between
0 and 1, where a value of 1 is a perfect classifier, while a value close to 0.5 is a bad model, since that
is equivalent to a random classification from the training data set. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-
powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Those most at risk
for low food security are: Blacks, Latinos, uninsured, and those with an education level below
secondary school. Patient 8: Laboratory results: Prolonged aPTT, decreased factor IX. After chronic
liver injury, necrotic or apoptotic cells will be replaced by regenerated parenchymal cells. Kent R
Olson, MD Toxicity, Warfarin and Superwarfarins Available at Retrieved April 8, 2011. The liver
also breaks down alcohol into acetaldehyde. Medline Google Scholar 20 Jarcuska P, Janicko M,
Veseliny E, Jarcuka P, Skladany L. Significance of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue
inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in chronic hepatitis patients. The data set was included with
laboratory reports of blood donors and non-blood donors with Hepatitis C and demographic
information such as age and sex. Role of Smad3 in platelet-derived growth factor-C-induced liver
fibrosis. The use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in combination with clinical findings
has further improved disease detection. Conclusion In present scenario, there is a need for extensive
research to establish an accurate, precise, organ specific and sensitive noninvasive biomarker for early
diagnosis, management and therapeutic monitoring of liver fibrosis. Tropical Medicine and Infectious
Disease (TropicalMed). The danger signal activates the hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). Serum
activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST; EC 2.6.1.1) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT; EC
2.6.1.2) are elevated when disease processes affect liver cell integrity. Liver biopsy is one of the
diagnostic tools but comes with complications. Expand 9 PDF Save. 1 2 3. 45 References Citation
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Papers Sort by Citation Count Sort by Recency Adverse drug reactions and organ damage: The liver.
A. Licata Medicine European journal of internal medicine 2016 77 Highly Influential PDF 8 Excerpts
Save Drug-induced liver injury: Interactions between drug properties and host factors. OCA did,
however, not meet the endpoint of NASH resolution ( 227 ). ALP in circulation is most likely from
liver, bone, or intestinal origin.