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Compared to some similar drugs it has little stimulant effect on the heart rate and blood pressure,
making it safer for people with heart problems. Issuu turns PDFs and other files into interactive
flipbooks and engaging content for every channel. An estimated 300 million individuals worldwide
are assessed to have been affected by asthma. Asthma attacks may occur infrequently like once or
even fewer times a month, or as frequent as a number of times a day (Murphy 5). PICO Format
When clinical decisions are made based on appropriate scientific evidence, it is nown as evidence-
based practice. Th2 cells regulate the production of cytokines for the overall process of allergic
inflammation. Typically, an episode can occur for a few hours at a time. On further enquiry, she
revealed that she had repeated episodes of this kind in the past and she was diagnosed to have
bronchial asthma. Thus, although there seems to be a hereditary predisposition present in asthma
cases, the actual attacks themselves seem to be triggered by a person's exposure to allergens, i.e.,
substances to which he is allergic. In Google Scholar database, the search terms used were asthma
(AND), albuterol nebulisation (AND), albuterol metered dose inhaler-spacer. Bulletin of the Medical
Library Association, 86 (3), 396-401. Smith, C., Goldman, R.D. (2012). Nebulizers versus
pressurized metered-dose inhalers in preschool children with wheezing. Patients in acute asthma
must be referred if there is no response to treatment. Statistics Make data-driven decisions to drive
reader engagement, subscriptions, and campaigns. Parents, patients, partners, friends, relative and
caregivers need to learn to identify symptoms and signs of asthma, what medications to given at
home and when to bring the patient to the hospital. However, systemic reviews and meta-analysis
have topped the hierarchy list. Step-3: This should be initiated only after checking compliance,
inhaler technique and elimination of triggering factors. If you have had airway management training
insert an oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway. Since the concentration gradient is required in the
process, the oxygen concentration must be kept higher in the alveoli by continuously breathing fresh
air and inhaling it towards the lungs and the alveoli. The database is a free search engine and can be
utilized by the general public. In this condition, wherein asthma prevalence continue to increase and
asthma burden persists contributing to reduce productivity and missed school days, it becomes
urgent to develop programs that will address concerns pertinent to acute attacks and long term care
management of asthmatic children. Look at the patient’s colour in their hands and fingers, and check
if the patient feels warm or cool. The adult patient who has missed her review sessions must be
educated the need for regular follow-up. Treatment depends on the staging of asthma which again
depends on the frequency and severity of symptoms. The main drugs for treatment are
bronchodilators and steroids. It has been suggested that the neural control of the airways may be
abnormal in asthmatic patients, and neurogenic mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis and
pathophysiology of asthma. The symptoms may be perennial or seasonal, continuous or intermittent,
or during the day or night. If the airway does become compromised suction or sit the patient up.
Nurses should allow this by letting the preschoolers do the manageable parts of the treatment
process. The pathway of the airways starts from the nasal cavities towards the alveoli where the
exchange of gases is taking place (Ritchison, 2010). Embed Host your publication on your website
or blog with just a few clicks. Rather, asthma is now understood to be a chronic inflammatory
disorder of the airways—that is, inflammation makes.
In this step, the dose of inhalational steroids is increased to as much as budesonide of 800mcg per
day. The Asthma Experts eNews is circulated monthly and includes all the latest news, views and
research from the asthma world. Wheezing, the distinctive wheezing sound made by asthma
sufferers during an attack is caused by the passage of air through narrowed, mucus-filled bronchi.
Based on their feedback, we made adjustments to the characters, visuals, and text, insuring that kids
could understand the basic concepts of asthma pathophysiology, medication mechanism of action as
well as making sure our materials were also still fun and engaging for kids. The FEV1 values are
between 60% and 80% (SIGN, 2009). If it continues, the patient becomes very much responsive to
stimuli such as exercises, cold, stress, pollutants, and others (Neil, 2009, par. 1-5). We will write a
custom essay on your topic a custom Research Paper on Asthma in Pediatric and Occupational
Therapy Treatment 808 writers online Learn More Pediatric asthma is also referred to as asthma in
children. It is therefore very important to assess whether spacer inhalers are beneficial in children
with extremely asthmatic episodes. Whether to use metered dose inhalers or nebulizers in acute
exacerbation of asthma in children is a much debated topic. Subbarao, P., Mandhane, P., and Sears,
M., 2009. Asthma: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Risk Factors. The environment is a major factor in
the severity of the patients with the disease. SOC 313 Week 3 Assignment Controlling Illness Called
Asthma. Although the risk of dying from asthma is low, this risk increases with age. In asthmatic
patients, these inflammatory cells and transcription factors are activated markedly in their epithelial
cells regulating the factors of transcriptions of inflammatory genes expressed abnormally among
asthmatic patients (Adcock and Lane, 2003). A high respiratory rate (tachypnoea) indicates that the
patient is unwell and that the patient is struggling to breath. SOC 313 Week 1 DQ 1 Psychoscocial
Issues in Huntington's Disease. Measure how long it takes for the colour to return. Asthma is a
lifetime disease with no known treatment but when properly managed, results to the control of
further exacerbation in the future. These cells include eosinophils, T-cells, mast cells, epithelial cells,
fibroblasts, macrophages, and bronchial smooth muscle cells. Asthma is a disease which becomes
progressively complex over time involving the genetics and environmental stimuli as part of its
pathogenesis. Other diagnostic monitoring used in asthma is the serial peak flow monitoring and
challenge test. Asthma and Allergy Foundation. 539.656.721.4. I am doing a research paper in
Asthma so How do I start a thesis statement. Mucus is produced by bronchial epithelial glands and
goblet cells. If the airway does become compromised suction or sit the patient up. The MESH terms
used in PUBMED were asthma (AND), albuterol nebulisation (AND), albuterol metered dose
inhaler-spacer. Decrease in lung function compared to previous values is suggestive of broncho-
constriction at the time of testing or decrease in lung function over long term. Although the risk of
dying from asthma is low, this risk increases with age. SOC 313 Quiz 5.2 An important consideration
regarding assistive devices is that Precise definitions of managed (Ash). While either medication
delivery method can be utilized it is difficult to do so with an uncooperative child. In New South
Wales, a significant increase from 16.6 percent to 19.3 percent of new cases was reported in 2006,
with higher percentage noted among males than females (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare,
2007). In the case of one having cardiac asthma, the pulmonary congestion is associated with
bronchospasm that is normally precipitated by the action of edema fluid in the walls of bronchi to the
external receptors.
PICO Format When clinical decisions are made based on appropriate scientific evidence, it is nown
as evidence-based practice. These cells include eosinophils, T-cells, mast cells, epithelial cells,
fibroblasts, macrophages, and bronchial smooth muscle cells. Pathology has always been used to
describe the irregular or undesired disorder. These reasons include narrow airways, an increase in the
airway resistance, and decreased inspiratory effort. These specific episodes occur due to the airflow
obstruction seen in the constriction of muscles. The most common signs of asthma are wheezing,
coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness (What Is Asthma? - NHLBI, NIH). The author
intends to discuss the prevalence, etiology, and preventive measures taken by the Saudis to counter
asthma. Statistics Make data-driven decisions to drive reader engagement, subscriptions, and
campaigns. Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Introduction Tylenol is a very efficient and safe anti-
pyretic (fever reducing) and analgesic (pain-killing) agent in children. Bronchodilators relax the
smooth muscle of the airway that normally becomes inflamed and narrow during the acute phase of
an asthma exacerbation (Doan, Shefrin, and Johnson, 2011). And finally if they do not respond to
any of the above they are a U, you should then move onto the more detailed Glasgow Coma Scale
(GCS). Patient must be educated to initiate inhalation bronchodilator therapy at home before shifting
to hospital. Non-pharmacological management: It is important to address non-pharmacological
management strategies while discussing management of asthma with patient so that concerns about
environmental triggers can be discussed and concordance with pharmacotherapies is achieved
(Bateman et al, 2008). Among individuals who have no allergies or asthma, the overall prevalence
rate of bronchospasm that is reportedly induced by exercise is 3-10 percent to the general population
(Morris, 2012). Rowe, B.H., Edmonds, M.L., Spooner, C.H., Diner, B., Camargo, C.A. Jr. (2004)
Corticosteroid therapy for acute asthma. These are the quick relief medicines and the long-term
control medication. In managing asthma in the children, partnering with the doctor where parents are
also taking an active role in their children’s ordeal is very important (National Heart Lung and Blood
Institute, 2011). The participants were children between 2-12 years with acute exacerbation of
asthma. C. The Prevalence of Asthma Worldwide and in Australia. Using a spacer prevents
medication from being wasted and reduces side effects related to being administered in the mouth.
We use cookies to create the best experience for you. The majority of deaths from asthma occurred in
people aged 65 years and over. She had no history of fever, cold, rash, vomiting, loose stools, chest
pain or vertigo. The treatments were administered every 20 minutes by a single investigator who was
blinded to assignment of the groups. It can also be partly reversible by blocking of airflow just as in
the case of Jessica. According to Evans (2003), random control trials can be considered of good
standard and they are in fact labeled as the gold standard of research for providing optimal research
designs to answer pertinent questions. It is important that the members of the healthcare team should
know the basics of asthma and asthma control in order for them to provide education to the patients
(Morris, 2012). In an asthma attack, contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchial walls is
accompanied by swelling of the bronchial tubes and the excessive secretion of mucus by the
bronchial glands. Metered dose-inhaler spacer is an efficient and useful method of delivering
albuterol for bronchodilatation. Jessica’s breathing did not appear to be improving, so Anne decided
that they should go to the hospital.
Pathology has always been used to describe the irregular or undesired disorder. Metered dose-inhaler
spacer is an efficient and useful method of delivering albuterol for bronchodilatation. Adobe Express
Go from Adobe Express creation to Issuu publication. EBP values, enhances and builds on clinical
expertise, knowledge of disease mechanisms, and pathophysiology. The signs and symptoms of an
acute exacerbation can include shortness of breath, tachypnea, increased work of breathing,
tachycardia, accessory muscle use, diminished or absent breath sounds, hypoxia, wheezing,
decreased level of alertness, and anxiety (Ortiz-Alvarez and Mikrogianakis, 2012). Which
medications are administered depend on the severity of the patient’s symptoms and their clinical
appearance. Maria was immediately started on nebulisation with levo-salbutamol. The primary
function of the respiratory system is to obtain oxygen to be used by the cells in the body and to
eliminate the carbon dioxide produced by the cells. The four major recognized symptoms are
shortness of breath especially with exertion or at night. If you want a unique paper, order it from our
professional writers. Inflammation is the first and most important factor that causes bronchial tube
narrowing. Moderate asthma exacerbation is when the symptoms are increasing and the PEF is more
than 50% of best predicted. In a national survey conducted in 2001, it was estimated that 7.3% of
Australian men and 10.7% of Australian women aged over 55 years had been diagnosed with asthma
that remained a current problem. Patient as a child will be able to have adequate sleep for proper
growth due to less or no chronic symptoms. Patient will stop having pneumonia frequently (Vincent,
2003, par. 3). The place for attending an asthmatic child as an occupational therapist, I would set up,
would be highly sensitive in many ways. The main prophylactic measure is aeroallergen avoidance.
Resources Dive into our extensive resources on the topic that interests you. If you have had airway
management training insert an oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway. GIFs Highlight your latest
work via email or social media with custom GIFs. Severe Persistent This has continued day and
nighttime symptoms. Peak flows are not more than 60% of the child’s personal best and less than
30% variability in daily measurements of the peal flow. In acute care settings many providers are
reluctant to administer MDIs for first line treatment of asthmatics. Other aspects which need to be
monitored during review are technique of inhaler use, compliance to treatment and preventive
measures, reliance on bronchodilators and efficient use of self-management plan. Step-5: For those
who are unresponsive to step-4 regimens, low dose oral steroids may need to be given for long term.
Wheezing is typically associated with asthma most of the time. Since both delivery devices result in
almost identical clinical outcomes for pediatric patients, it is best to defer to these criteria when
choosing which one to utilize in the acute care setting. Sympathomimetic drugs interfere with nerve
signals passed to the muscle through the autonomic nervous system. Mobility problems may limit a
person’s ability to drive or to use public transport, and so getting access to medications for asthma
from shops and chemists may be difficult, hence not having access to necessary medications could
be fatal. Let us write or edit the research paper on your topic. Therefore, I would ensure the place
where the child sleeps is well made and there is a person next to the child for close monitoring. View
all articles. This study highlights the major risk for asthma in children who continue to wheeze with
acute rhinovirus infections into their third year of life. Conclusion Based on the research articles that
were reviewed, it is clear that both metered dose inhaler with spacer and nebulizer are useful tools to
deliver albuterol to lungs to cause bronchodilation in children with acute exacerbation of asthma.
If the patient is not fully awake establish whether they respond to the sound of your voice (opening
their eyes, making any sounds) if they do they are classified as V. The doctor might also want a chest
x ray from the patient. Issuu turns PDFs and other files into interactive flipbooks and engaging
content for every channel. Canadian Family Physician, 58 (5), 528-530. Yasmin, S., Mollah, A.H.,
Basak, R., Islam, K.T., Chowdhury, Y.S. (2012). Efficacy of salbutamol by nebulizer versus metered
dose inhaler with home-made non-valved spacer in acute exacerbation of childhood asthma.
Research studies conducted in the past have revealed seven psychosomatic diseases namely;
hypertension, peptic ulcer, bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, neurodermatitis
and thyrotoxicosis (Wolman, 1968). With the similarity of presenting signs and symptoms, COPD
and asthma are subject to be misdiagnosed (Cranston et al. 1: Patient with asthma Chief Complaint
Shortness of breath History of Present Illness J. This can be done by approapriate search strategy
and by creating a proper question in the following mentioned PICO format. The room would not be
so hot or cold for proper aeration and smooth breathing this will prevent pneumonia. Spirometry test
will show how well the patient breathes in and out and it is also used to monitor the severity of some
lung conditions, and their response to treatment. Symbicort combination inhaler containing
budesonide and formoterol Inhalers are used to deliver drugs to relieve or prevent the symptoms of
asthma. Additionally, obesity can increase a person’s risk of developing asthma. Covariance analysis
was employed to determine the efficacy of both methods. Due to this circumstance, it can be
observed that asthma is defined differently in each book available which had made it difficult to
point out that the definition provided in this study is the exact definition of the disease. Shortness of
breath is a feeling whereby you get a dyspnea. Add Links Send readers directly to specific items or
pages with shopping and web links. The inflammatory process makes the bronchial tube red,
irritated, and swollen resulting to an increase of thickness of the wall of the bronchial tube as a
consequence to airflow obstruction secondary to smaller passageway (Szeftel, 2012). Video Say
more by seamlessly including video within your publication. More Features Connections Canva
Create professional content with Canva, including presentations, catalogs, and more. The most
common signs of asthma are wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness (What Is
Asthma? - NHLBI, NIH). The impairment in mucus transport is due to an exudative inflammatory
process and the clearing of epithelial cells that are present in the airway lumen. Within 180 minutes it
is determined whether a patient needs to be admitted or meets criteria for discharge. Ask your
physician or other health provider if you have any questions about your medical condition. In
asthmatic individual, coughing is usually worse during night time and in early morning that result to
lack of sleep (National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, 2011). Some of the precipitating or
aggravating factors include viral infections, intense emotions, environmental irritants, exercise, pets
or carpets at home, drugs like aspirin, additive foods, weather changes, stress and certain diseases
like gastrointestinal reflux, sinusitis and rhinitis (Morris, 2014; Hamilos, 1995). They are actively
circulating and move to the airways by a process called cell rolling. Delivery of the drug can be
optimized using suitable mask. According to the National Asthma Council in Australia (2012) that
more than two (2) million Australians are diagnosed to have asthma with the corresponding ratio of 1
is to 10 adults and 1 is to 9 or 10 children; however, the rate in the children had notably decreased
but remained stable in the adults in the past decade. It is a common respiratory condition and affects
population of all age groups irrespective of race and gender. Help Center Here you'll find an answer
to your question. Confirmatory diagnosis requires the use of other tests.
PICO Format When clinical decisions are made based on appropriate scientific evidence, it is nown
as evidence-based practice. High quality printing for brighter colors - available laminated or not.
Asthma has been on the rise in Australia for many years. Other health conditions e.g. “a runny nose,
sinus infections, reflux disease, psychological stress, and sleep apnea” make the management of
asthma more challenging and ought to be treated, as well (What Is Asthma? - NHLBI, NIH). The
primary function of the respiratory system is to obtain oxygen to be used by the cells in the body and
to eliminate the carbon dioxide produced by the cells. Research and discuss a minimum of two
research projects concerning. If the patient is not fully awake establish whether they respond to the
sound of your voice (opening their eyes, making any sounds) if they do they are classified as V.
Wheezing, the distinctive wheezing sound made by asthma sufferers during an attack is caused by
the passage of air through narrowed, mucus-filled bronchi. However, contrary to common belief,
physical exercise should not be avoided. The most common side effect of salbutamol is fine tremor
of the hands also anxiety, tension and restlessness may occur. Infants born at a low weight are also
thought to be at increased risk of developing asthma during childhood or adolescence. In Google
Scholar database, the search terms used were asthma (AND), albuterol nebulisation (AND), albuterol
metered dose inhaler-spacer. Add Links Send readers directly to specific items or pages with
shopping and web links. The FEV1 values are between 60% and 80% (SIGN, 2009). Bjermer, L.
2007. Time for a paradigm shift in asthma treatment: From relieving bronchospasm to controlling
systemic inflammation. Some things can thereby make their respiratory system encounter some
problems. One of the problems faced is swollen and blocked airways. To arrive at a diagnosis of
asthma, physicians must establish episodic airflow obstruction symptoms which are reversible and
alternative diagnoses must be excluded (Morris, 2014). Since both delivery devices result in almost
identical clinical outcomes for pediatric patients, it is best to defer to these criteria when choosing
which one to utilize in the acute care setting. Such a decline is an indication for prompt and detailed
assessment. Airway inflammation can be regulated by these cells, as well as the remodeling process
by cytokines and growth factors. I also commend the use of figures and statistics by all of the three
to put the topic even more closely to run-of-the-mill explanation. GIFs Highlight your latest work via
email or social media with custom GIFs. While either medication delivery method can be utilized it is
difficult to do so with an uncooperative child. Make sure to cite your sources both in-text, and a
reference page. In New South Wales, a significant increase from 16.6 percent to 19.3 percent of new
cases was reported in 2006, with higher percentage noted among males than females (Australian
Institute of Health and Welfare, 2007). The spacer can be used with a face mask or mouth piece
depending on the age and size of the patient. Morris (2012) noted that patients have no appetite in
eating and usually agitated and talks in words not sentences. Articles Get discovered by sharing your
best content as bite-sized articles. Informa Healthcare. Web. 26 November 2012. Murphy, W.
Asthma. Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First Century Books, 2011. Print. What Is Asthma? - NHLBI,
NIH. N.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. RachelPearson36 Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing
- A Real-World Look, present.
An individual finds it extremely strenuous to take air in and out of the lungs during an asthma
attack. Wheezing is typically associated with asthma most of the time. In this step, the dose of
inhalational steroids is increased to as much as budesonide of 800mcg per day. Always gain consent
before any procedure so always keep the patient informed of what it is you are doing. It is a common
respiratory condition and affects population of all age groups irrespective of race and gender. If the
patient is not fully awake establish whether they respond to the sound of your voice (opening their
eyes, making any sounds) if they do they are classified as V. SOC 313 Week 3 Assignment
Controlling Illness Called Asthma. Embed Host your publication on your website or blog with just a
few clicks. Unemployment is highest among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, this leads to
problems such as unsafe risk behaviors such as excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption. These
factors may include: dust mites, grass, pollen, fur from domestic pets, and cockroaches. Busse,
W.W., Calhoun, W.F., Sedgwick, J.D. (1993) Mechanism of airway inflammation in asthma. There
are no specific tests to arrive at a diagnosis of asthma. Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation Barbie -
Brand Strategy Presentation Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to
do them well Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Introduction to C Programming Language Introduction to C Programming Language The Pixar Way:
37 Quotes on Developing and Maintaining a Creative Company (fr. According to Subbarao, et al
(2009), diet, nutrition, stress, antibiotic use, and mode of childbirth may greatly affect the
development of allergy and asthma in the early stage of child development. It is responsible for
acetylsalicylic acid exacerbated airway disease ( AERD ) and can do asthma, rhinosinusituis, rhinal
polyps, urtications. Which medications are administered depend on the severity of the patient’s
symptoms and their clinical appearance. Studies shows that a high percentage of these children,
during their lifetime. These reasons include narrow airways, an increase in the airway resistance, and
decreased inspiratory effort. Teams Enable groups of users to work together to streamline your
digital publishing. Often, patients will have difficulty breathing and talking. However, contrary to
common belief, physical exercise should not be avoided. While Baker focuses on chemicals as a
cause of asthma in children and Miller looks to unconventional techniques to treat asthma, both
writers make a statement that natural and organic changes, such as environments and diet and
exercise, can greatly decrease an individual's chance of developing asthma and, for those who are
already asthmatic, can manage their condition with ease. SOC 313 Quiz 5.2 An important
consideration regarding assistive devices is that Precise definitions of managed (Ash). Add Links
Send readers directly to specific items or pages with shopping and web links. Pharmacological
management: The aim of treatment in asthma is control of symptoms which is defined as absence of
daytime symptoms, absence of awakening in night time due to asthma, absent need for
administration of rescue medication, absence of exacerbations, absence of limitations in activities
like exercise and normal lung function (SIGN, 2009). These specific episodes occur due to the
airflow obstruction seen in the constriction of muscles. Decrease in lung function compared to
previous values is suggestive of broncho-constriction at the time of testing or decrease in lung
function over long term. Morris (2012) noted that patients have no appetite in eating and usually
agitated and talks in words not sentences. More Features Connections Canva Create professional
content with Canva, including presentations, catalogs, and more. In response to exposure to these
triggers, the bronchi having large airways contract into spasm that is an attack by asthma.