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contrast, control exercises group exhibited greater activation in the right
insula, left inferior frontal gyrus, and left superior temporal gyrus for
unpleasant stimuli (contrasting unpleasant animals with pleasant/neutral
objects) after training than before training.
Conclusions: This study confirms previous studies regarding the activation
of the insula by emotional stimuli. The amplified activation of insula
and PFC after coordination training suggested that coordination exercises
might provide a person effective and stable cognitive control of positive
emotion. This lends support for a new concept of physical training, such
as coordination training influencing the mental condition of a person.
P18-8
Interrelationships among physical performance, language proficiency
and brain activities from the viewpoint of social cognition
M.M. Sudo1 , A.A. Mochizuki2 , K. Itoh3 , E. Kirino4
1 1
School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba,
Japan, 2 Faculty of Regional Health Therapy, Teikyo Heisei University,
Japan, 3 School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan, 4 School of
Medicine, Juntendo University, Japan
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the
interrelationships among physical performance, language proficiency and
brain activities, especially from the viewpoint of social cognition.
Methods: In the fMRI session, 30 college students as subjects were
instructed to imagine they were performing coordination training while
viewing video images of exercises. Also, they read English passages
silently under fMRI. The Japanese version of the reading span test (RST)
was employed to measure memory span as one of the quantified indices
of working memory. The subjects took the official TOEIC test, and the
standardized tests of reading rate and vocabulary size.
Results: The results of correlation analysis across the RST and English-
related parameters revealed that TOEIC scores showed strong correlation
with reading rate and some correlation with vocabulary, but showed
no dependence on the RST parameters. In the coordination training
task, BOLD (Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent) activation during the
exercises by two persons was significant in comparison with exercises by
one person in the left cuneus (Broadman Area: BA 17), the left precuneus,
the left middle occipital gyrus, the fusiform gyrus (BA 18), and the
right superior temporal gyrus. In the English reading task, TOEIC scores
significantly correlated with the activity of the left lingual gyrus (BA 18),
the right corpus callosum and the right parahippocampal gyrus, as did
the RST rate with the right middle temporal gyrus, the right posterior
cingulate gyrus, and the left superior temporal gyrus.
Conclusions: The fMRI findings indicate that exercises performed by two
persons require more sophisticated communications than those by one
person. The partner-led exercise might be accompanied by discomfort
affection reflected by the insula activation. In English reading by Japanese
speakers, the activities of the loci may promote efficiency of visual and
phoneme processing, inquiry to memory and communication between
hemispheres.
P18-9
fMRI activation associated with brand names: a category of proper
nouns
M. Cheung1 , A.S. Chan2,3
1 this unique feeling using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Hong Kong SAR, China, 2 Department of Psychology, The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China, 3 Integrative
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Centre, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
Objective: Whereas different word categories have been explored by
EEG and fMRI, the neural processing of brand names are less understood
in neuropsychological studies. This study aims to utilize the functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the brain activation
associated with brand names.
Methods: Twenty healthy normal subjects were recruited from The Hong
Kong Polytechnic University. fMRI data were collected by a 1.5T scanner
using a standard head coil. Gradient echo-planar imaging sequence will
be used with TR/TE/2000/40/90, matrix 64×64, FOV 220 mm and slice
thickness 5 mm. Twenty horizontal slices were acquired to cover the
whole brain and eighty images per slice location were collected during
4 task-rest cycles (20 s stimulation, 20 s rest). Each subjects engaged in
four reading paradigms: English words, Chinese characters, English brand
names and their officially used translated Chinese brand names.
Posters
Results: Consistent with previous findings, language processing of English
words was more lateralized to the left hemisphere (BA 44 and BA 45) while
that of Chinese characters resulted in bilateral lateralization activation
(BA 45 and BA 46). On the other hand, processing English and Chinese
brand names had a similar pattern of bilateral lateralization activation. As
compared with English words or Chinese characters, activation in limbic
lobe was found in reading brand names.
Conclusions: Brand names, which are considered as a special category of
words, were found to have their distinct neural processing in the brain,
with the brain activation in the limbic lobe.
P18-10
An fMRI study of the human body’s gravity center Self-other
difference in the perception of body instability
T. Atomi1 , Y. Yoshizawa2 , Y. Atomi3 , M. Noriuchi1,4 , Y. Kikuchi1
Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human
Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan, 2 Saitama
Citizens Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, 3 Radioisotope Center, The
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 4 Department of Child and Adolescent
Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of
Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
While it is important to know how the higher brain mechanism
works under unstable body states, especially from self-other difference
in the perception of body instability, little has been known about
the mechanism. Here, we performed fMRI measurements while 13
healthy adult male subjects viewed the video clips of 3 postural
conditions of their own and others, that is, statically stable,
dynamically stable and dynamically unstable conditions. After the
measurements, the assessments of feeling about video clips were
carried out. As a result, there was the most remarkable self-other
difference in the dynamically unstable condition. In this condition,
right amygdala, bilateral hypothalamus, right temporo-parietal junction,
right orbitfrontal cortex, bilateral frontal pole, right posterior insular,
and bilateral anterior insular cortices were more activated in the self
condition compared with the other condition. These brain regions are
related to emotion, autonomic and social functions. Therefore the neural
network of the perception of body instability clearly makes distinction
between self and others.
P18-11
The neural mechanisms of warm feeling associated with remote
autobiographical memory retrieval An fMRI study
K. Oba1 , Y. Kikuchi1 , M. Noriuchi1,2 , A. Matsuoka3
1
Department of Frontier Health Science, Graduate School of Human
Health Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan,
2
Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute
of Mental Health, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan, 3 Department of Occupational
Therapy, Hatsudai Rehabilitation Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Objective: When we touch something bringing back old memories,
sometimes we feel warm. This feeling is called ‘Natsukashisa’ in
Japanese. Such a positive emotional state may occur automatically
triggered by cue information in the environment. In the present study, we
aimed to clarify the neural mechanisms of reward and memory underlying
Methods: Before the experiment, we selected task pictures that could
make subject feel positive emotion associated with old memories. These
were consisted of object images such as ‘toy’ or ‘stationery’ and scene
images such as ‘classroom’ or ‘preparation for school lunch’ closely
related to childhood. As the control pictures, we selected object and
scene images with similar contents to task pictures, but with lesser
emotional intensity. 14 young female subjects (mean age = 22.1±0.6)
were scanned brain activity during looking at task and control pictures
presented at random.
Results: Post scanning debriefing showed that subjects felt positive
emotions and recalled memories related to their early elementary school
days (about 13 years ago) during viewing task pictures. Compared with
control condition, task condition elicited greater activity in the regions
associated with reward (substantia nigra), and autobiographical memory
retrieval (medial temporal lobe, posterior cingulate cortex/retrosplenial
cortex and medial prefrontal cortex). Interestingly, this latter network
did not include ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, which was also a core
network of autobiographical memory, associated with verification of
retrieval cues and strategic memory retrieval.
29th International Congress of Clinical Neurophysiology
Conclusion: These results indicate that the warm feeling elicited in our
experiment is a reward based on autobiographical memory. Especially, the
activity of substantia nigra representing reward prediction error indicates
that such a warm feeling is induced automatically by unexpected cue
signal which knocks on the door of special remote memory for each
subject.
P18-12
Emotional characteristic of ‘mode’ psychological and neuroimaging
study
R. Suzuki1 , T. Fuchigami1 , Y. Fujita1 , S. Sekiguchi2 , O. Ookubo2 ,
K. Matsumoto3 , Y. Hayashi3
1 response to each rare/deviant event.
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of
Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, 2 Common-use facilities for medical research
Medical electronisic DIV, Institute of Medical science, Nihon University
School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, 3 Nihon University College of Art,
Tokyo, Japan
Background: Music therapist should know emotional characteristic of
music. After examining previous researches, it was found that emotional
characteristic of ‘mode’ was not well understood in psychological and
neuroimaging approach.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine emotional
characteristic of ‘mode’ by using psychological and neuroimaging
method.
Methods: The Subjects were 15 healthy adult Japanese. The auditory
stimuli were new monophonic melody of Dorian mode, Phrygian mode,
Lydian mode, Mixolydian mode, Arabian mode, Yonanuki mode, Blues
mode, and Atonality. Each mode impression was evaluated by Affective
Value Scale of Music (Taniguchi 1995) and author’s own questionnaire
(49 adjective, four levels) as psychological approach. Brain activation
when listening to each mode was examined by fMRI (functional magnetic
resonance imaging) as neuroimaging approach.
Results: We obtained following results: Dorian mode: calm, peaceable,
and sedative mode; Phrygian mode: anxious and lonely mode; Lydian
mode: sedative mode including brightness; Mixolydian mode: doesn’t
get involved in evoking emotion, but activates mental activity; Arabian
mode: passionate, evokes pleasurable emotion; Yonanuki mode: happy
and favourable mode; Blues mode: evokes gloomy emotion; Atonality:
anxious and tense mode.
Conclusions: The results indicate that each mode has own emotional
characteristic. If music therapists learn those characteristics, it is
considered that they can do better sessions. Furthermore, if music
therapists know emotional characteristic of modes well, it is useful
when they plan the composition of the session, practice the session
and examine the causality of client’s behavior. It is thought that
music therapist comes to be able to do better session for the client
‘intentionally and premeditatedly’. As the result, structure of music
therapy will be clarified by making the hypothesis, practicing and
analyzing the session, and it will lead to establish original theory of the
music therapy.
P18-13
Differential responses to attended and non attended deviant
somatosensory stimuli and stimulus omissions in human
somatosensory cortex: an fMRI study
C. Del Gratta1,2 , A. Ferretti1,2 , T.L. Chen1 , M.G. Perrucci1 , G.L. Romani1,2 ,
P.M. Rossini3,4,5 , A. Tartaro1,2 , C. Babiloni1,6
1
Department of Clinical Sciences and Bio-imaging, Gabriele D’Annunzio
University, Chieti, Italy, 2 ITAB Institute for Advanced Biomedical
Technologies, Gabriele D’Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti,
Italy, 3 San Raffaele Cassino, Tosinvest Sanità, Italy, 4 Ospedale
Fatebenefratelli AFaR San Giovanni Calibita, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy,
5
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Rome Campus
Biomedico, Italy, 6 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of
Foggia, Italy
Objective: It is well known that primary and non primary areas of
human somatosensory cortex are involved in the processing of adequate
deviant/rare stimuli and omission of frequent stimuli. However, the
relative weight and interaction of these variables is poorly known. This
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study tested the hypothesis
that somatosensory stimulus processing and attention especially interact
in non primary somatosensory areas including secondary somatosensory
cortex (SII) and insula.
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Methods: To test this hypothesis, responses of somatosensory cortex
were mapped during four conditions of an oddball paradigm: DELIVERED
COUNT and IGNORE (count or ignore deviant/rare electrical stimuli,
respectively); OMITTED COUNT and IGNORE (count or ignore the rare
omission of frequent electrical stimuli, respectively). The deviant/rare
and frequent electrical stimuli were delivered to the right median
and ulnar nerve, respectively. Event related fMRI data at 1.5 T were
collected from 13 right handed healthy volunteers who gave their written
informed consent. The study was approved by the local Institutional
Ethics Committee. Data were analyzed by means of Brain Voyager QX 1.9
software. Statistical analysis was performed for individual subjects using
the deconvolution approach that allows the estimation of the BOLD
Results: It was observed that contralateral (left) primary somatosensory
responses were not markedly modulated by the mentioned deviant/rare
events. Furthermore, contralateral SII and insula responded to all but not
OMITTED IGNORE (purely attentive) condition, whereas ipsilateral (right)
SII responded to all conditions. Finally, ipsilateral insula responded to the
COUNT (attentive) conditions, regardless of the physical presence of the
deviant/rare stimuli.
Conclusions: The results suggest that in somatosensory modality,
bilateral SII and left (contralateral) insula reflect complex integrative
processes of stimulus elaboration and attention, whereas right
(ipsilateral) insula mainly sub-serves active attention to deviance within
a sequence of somatosensory stimuli.
P18-14
Executive functions with different motor outputs in somatosensory
Go/No-go paradigms: a functional MRI study
H. Nakata1,2,3 , K. Sakamoto2,3 , C. Del Gratta2 , R. Kakigi3 , G.L. Romani2
1
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan, 2 ITAB Institute
for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Gabriele D’Annunzio University
Foundation, Chieti, Italy, 3 Department of Integrative Physiology,
National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
Objective: The aim of this event-related functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) study was to investigate and compare executive functions
with different motor outputs in somatosensory Go/No-go paradigms:
(1) Button press and (2) Count.
Methods: In the Movement Go/No-go paradigm, the subjects had to
respond by pushing a button with their right index finger (contralateral
to the stimulated side) as quickly as possible only after the presentation
of a Go stimulus. In the Count Go/No-go paradigm, the subjects had to
count the number of Go stimuli silently and report the result after the
end of recordings. The left median nerve was used for the Go stimulus
at a probability of 0.5, and the left ulnar nerve was used for the No-go
stimulus at a probability of 0.5.
Results: We observed a common network for Movement and Count Go
trials in several regions of the brain including the dorsolateral (DLPFC)
and ventrolateral (VLPFC) prefrontal cortices, supplementary motor area
(SMA), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), inferior parietal lobule (IPL),
Insula, and superior temporal gyrus (STG). Direct comparison revealed
that primary sensorimotor area (SMI), pre-motor area (PM), and anterior
cingulate cortex (ACC) were more activated during Movement than Count
Go trials. In contrast, the VLPFC was more activated during Count than
Movement Go trials.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that there were two neural networks for
the supramodal executive function, common and uncommon, depending
on the required response mode.
P18-15
Bimanual coordination is critically influenced by positioning of the
dominant hand
R.J. Seitz1 , K. Muller1 , R. Kleiser1 , F. Mechsner2
1
Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf,
Dusseldorf, Germany, 2 Institute for Advanced Study, Delmenhorst,
Germany
Objective: An ever observable tendency towards symmetric performance
of bimanual movements traditionally has been ascribed to the preference
of the motor system to activate homologous muscles. Recent behavioural
and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings argued for
perceptual clues in guidance of bimanual coordination based on evidence
from the perceptual perturbation of turning one hand.