Q1.

Discuss the factors that enable India to transform into a global

manufacturing hub.
India has been making significant progress in the manufacturing
sector in recent years. The country is well-positioned to become a
global manufacturing hub due to several factors. Here are some of
the key factors that enable India to transform into a global
manufacturing hub:
1. Large and Growing Domestic Market: India has a huge domestic
market with a population of more than 1.3 billion people. This
large market provides a massive opportunity for manufacturers
to produce goods that cater to the needs of the Indian
consumers.
2. Regional Export Hub: India has negotiated several trade
agreements. As a result, it enjoys favorable deals from all its
small neighbors as well as South East Asian countries. Hence, if
a multinational company sets up it's manufacturing in Mumbai,
it can also serve other markets like Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh,
Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia, etc. At the present
moment, some car manufacturing companies are even serving
the European markets from their manufacturing facilities on the
west coast of India.
3. Politically Stable: Companies must ensure their investment in
manufacturing facilities is secure to avoid financial distress, and
the gestation period to recover the investment is large. India is
the most politically secure nation in Pakistan and Bangladesh,
while China is known for its oppressive regime.
4. Abundant Labor Force: India has a large pool of skilled and
unskilled labor. The country's labor force is one of the youngest
in the world, with a median age of 28 years. This demographic
advantage provides a significant opportunity for manufacturers
to tap into a large, low-cost labor force.
 5. Favorable Government Policies: The Indian government has
implemented several policies and initiatives to promote
manufacturing in the country. For example, the Make in India
program aims to encourage both domestic and foreign
manufacturers to set up production facilities in India.
6. Improved Infrastructure: The Indian government is investing
heavily in infrastructure development, such as building new
highways, airports, and seaports. These infrastructure
improvements are making it easier for manufacturers to
transport goods and raw materials across the country.
7. Strong Technical Expertise: India has a large pool of technically
skilled professionals, including engineers and technicians, who
can support the manufacturing sector. Many of these
professionals have been educated in some of the best technical
institutes in the world.
8. Cost-Effective: India is a cost-effective manufacturing
destination due to its low labor costs, availability of raw
materials, and favorable tax policies.
9. Proximity to Key Markets: India's strategic location provides
access to key markets such as the Middle East, Southeast Asia,
and Africa, making it an attractive location for manufacturers
In conclusion, India's favorable business environment, large and
growing domestic market, skilled workforce, favorable government
policies, improved infrastructure, technical expertise, and cost-
effectiveness make it an ideal destination for manufacturing. With
the right policies and investments, India can transform itself into a
global manufacturing hub.

Q2. Define FDI. Describe its objectives and features.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an investment from a party in one
country into a business or corporation in another country with the
intention of establishing a lasting interest. Lasting interest
differentiates FDI from foreign portfolio investments, where investors
passively hold securities from a foreign country. A foreign direct
investment can be made by obtaining a lasting interest or by
expanding one's business into a foreign country.

The primary objectives of FDI are to:

1. Sales Expansion
2. Acquisition of resources
3. Diversification
4. Minimization of competitive
5. Direct foreign investment may facilitate transfer of technology
to the recipient country.
6. FDI may also bring revenue to the government of host country
when it taxes profits of foreign firms or gets royalties from
concession agreements.
7. Foreign investment may also help increase competition and
break domestic monopolies.

Some of the key features of FDI are:

1. Ownership and Control: FDI involves the acquisition of a
controlling stake in a company or the establishment of a new
business venture, which gives the foreign entity ownership and
control over the business operations.
2. Long-Term Investment: FDI is a long-term investment that
involves a significant commitment of resources and capital from
the foreign entity. The investment may take several years to
generate returns, and the foreign entity may need to stay
invested in the business for a long time to realize its objectives.
 3. Transfer of Resources and Technologies: FDI involves the
transfer of resources, such as capital, technology, and
management expertise, from the foreign entity to the host
country. This transfer of resources can help the host country
develop new industries, create jobs, and enhance economic
growth.
4. Cross-Border Regulatory Compliance: FDI involves compliance
with regulations and laws in both the host country and the
home country of the foreign entity. This can include tax
regulations, labor laws, environmental regulations, and other
legal requirements.
5. Cultural and Political Risks: FDI involves exposure to cultural and
political risks, including language barriers, cultural differences,
and political instability. The foreign entity must be prepared to
navigate these risks to successfully invest in the host country.
In conclusion, FDI is a form of cross-border investment that involves
the acquisition of a controlling stake in an existing company or the
establishment of a new business venture in a foreign country. The
objectives of FDI are to establish a foothold in new markets, access
new resources and technologies, and benefit from favorable business
conditions. The key features of FDI are ownership and control, long-
term investment, transfer of resources and technologies, cross-
border regulatory compliance, and cultural and political risks.

Q3. Evaluate the pros and cons of FDI for India

FDI can bring several benefits and drawbacks to India. Here are some
of the pros and cons of FDI for India:
Pros:
1. Access to Capital and Technology: FDI can provide access to
capital and technology that can help Indian businesses upgrade
their production processes, improve product quality, and
increase efficiency. This can lead to greater competitiveness and
innovation in the Indian market.
2. Human Resource Development or creating Employment
Opportunities: FDI can create employment opportunities for
Indian workers, as foreign companies may need to hire local
talent to manage their operations. This can lead to greater
economic growth and reduced unemployment in India.
3. Increased Employment and Economic Growth: Creation of jobs
is the most obvious advantage of FDI. It is also one of the most
important reasons why a nation, especially a developing one,
looks to attract FDI. Increased FDI boosts the manufacturing as
well as the services sector. This in turn creates jobs, and helps
reduce unemployment among the educated youth - as well as
skilled and unskilled labour - in the country. Increased
employment translates to increased incomes, and equips the
population with enhanced buying power. This boosts the
economy of the country.
4. Increase in Exports: FDI can help Indian businesses increase
their exports by giving them access to new markets and
customers. This can lead to increased revenue and foreign
exchange earnings for India.
5. Exchange Rate Stability: The constant flow of FDI into a country
translates into a continuous flow of foreign exchange. This helps
the country’s Central Bank maintain a comfortable reserve of
foreign exchange. This in turn ensures stable exchange rates.
6. Tax Incentives: Parent enterprises would also provide foreign
direct investment to get additional expertise, technology and
 products. As the foreign investor, you can receive tax incentives
that will be highly useful in your selected field of business.
7. Resource Transfer: Foreign direct investment will allow resource
transfer and other exchanges of knowledge, where various
countries are given access to new technologies and skills.
Cons:
1. Risk of Exploitation: FDI can lead to the exploitation of workers
and resources, as foreign companies may be more interested in
maximizing profits than in ensuring fair wages and
environmental protection. This can harm the Indian economy
and society in the long run.
2. Threat to Domestic Industries: FDI can pose a threat to
domestic industries, especially those that are not well-
established or are in the early stages of development. Foreign
companies may have access to greater resources and
technology, which can make it difficult for domestic companies
to compete.
3. Dependence on Foreign Companies: FDI can create a
dependence on foreign companies, as Indian businesses may
rely heavily on foreign investors for funding and support. This
can limit the autonomy of Indian businesses and make them
vulnerable to external factors beyond their control.
4. Political Instability: FDI can be affected by political instability, as
foreign companies may be hesitant to invest in a country that is
experiencing frequent changes in government or policy. This
can lead to reduced investment and slower economic growth in
India.
5. Negative Influence on Exchange Rates: Foreign direct
investments can occasionally affect exchange rates to the
advantage of one country and the detriment of another.
 6. Higher Costs: If you invest in some foreign countries, you might
notice that it is more expensive than when you export goods.
So, it is very imperative to prepare sufficient money to set up
your operations.
7. Economic Non-Viability: Considering that foreign direct
investments may be capital-intensive from the point of view of
the investor, it can sometimes be very risky or economically
non-viable.
8. Expropriation: Remember that political changes can also lead to
expropriation, which is a scenario where the government will
have control over your property and assets.
In conclusion, FDI can bring several benefits and drawbacks to India.
While FDI can provide access to capital and technology, create
employment opportunities, and boost exports, it can also lead to
exploitation, threaten domestic industries, create dependence on
foreign companies, and be affected by political instability. The Indian
government must carefully weigh these factors before promoting or
restricting FDI in the country.

Q4. Write a note on making India a manufacturing hub

Making India a manufacturing hub is a critical part of the country's
economic development strategy. A thriving manufacturing sector can
create employment opportunities, boost exports, and enhance the
overall competitiveness of the Indian economy.
Here are some steps that can be taken to make India a manufacturing
hub:
1. Improve Infrastructure: The Indian government must focus on
developing robust infrastructure, including transportation,
power, and water supply, to support the manufacturing sector.
 This will require significant investment in both urban and rural
areas of the country.
2. Labour Laws: A lot of businesses are hesitant to relocate their
operations to India. American businesses are accustomed to
choosing who they want to hire and fire. In India, however, they
are prohibited from doing so. In India, the labour laws are
extremely strict. Complying with laws is hard for multinationals.
As a result, they end us leasing their workforce from temping
agencies. However, temping also has limitations and in the
absence of proper labor laws companies are unable to move
their research departments to India.
3. Ease of Doing Business: The Indian government must continue
to simplify and streamline regulatory procedures to make it
easier for businesses to set up and operate in the country. This
can include reducing bureaucracy, simplifying tax procedures,
and easing restrictions on foreign investment.
4. Skilled Workforce: The Indian government must prioritize the
development of a skilled workforce to support the
manufacturing sector. This can be achieved by investing in
vocational training programs, incentivizing private sector
investment in skill development, and promoting
entrepreneurship.
5. R&D and Innovation: The Indian government must encourage
research and development activities to foster innovation in the
manufacturing sector. This can be achieved by providing tax
incentives and funding to companies that invest in R&D
activities.
6. Special Economic Zones: The Indian government must establish
special economic zones (SEZs) to encourage investment in the
manufacturing sector. SEZs can provide a range of benefits to
 businesses, including tax incentives, access to infrastructure,
and streamlined regulatory procedures.
7. Sustainable Manufacturing: The Indian government must
promote sustainable manufacturing practices to ensure that the
sector does not harm the environment. This can be achieved by
enforcing environmental regulations, promoting renewable
energy, and encouraging the use of eco-friendly technologies.
8. Complex Land Acquisition Process: Multinational companies are
viewed as foreigners. Governments are wary of giving them
land or resources at concessional rates. This can be used against
them politically even though they are working in the interest of
the nation. Also, companies cannot acquire land directly
without any government intervention. The law in India
mandates that big companies can only build their facilities on
land which has been acquired by the government. Also, since
there is a huge black market in India, the market value of a
property and its book value tend to be very different. This leads
to exploitation of people during the land acquisition process.
In conclusion, making India a manufacturing hub requires significant
investment in infrastructure, a skilled workforce, R&D, innovation,
and sustainable manufacturing practices. The Indian government
must continue to prioritize the development of the manufacturing
sector to create employment opportunities, boost exports, and
enhance the overall competitiveness of the Indian economy.

Q5. Explain the infrastructural issues and challenges in making India

a manufacturing hub
Making India a manufacturing hub requires significant investment in
infrastructure to support the growth of the sector. However, there
are several infrastructural issues and challenges that need to be
addressed for this to happen.
Here are some of the key infrastructural issues and challenges in
making India a manufacturing hub:
1. Poor Quality Infrastructure: India's infrastructure, including
roads, ports, and airports, is often of poor quality and does not
meet the needs of the manufacturing sector. This can result in
delays, increased transportation costs, and reduced
competitiveness.
2. Inadequate Power Supply: India's power supply is often
unreliable, and many areas of the country face frequent power
cuts. This can disrupt manufacturing operations and lead to
increased costs.
3. Limited Access to Water: Many areas of India face water
scarcity, which can be a significant challenge for manufacturing
industries that require large amounts of water. This can limit
the growth of the manufacturing sector in these areas.
4. Inefficient Logistics: India's logistics infrastructure, including
warehouses, distribution centers, and transportation networks,
is often inefficient and fragmented. This can lead to delays,
increased transportation costs, and reduced competitiveness.
5. Lack of Skilled Workforce: India faces a shortage of skilled
workers, especially in the manufacturing sector. This can make
it difficult for businesses to find the talent they need to operate
effectively and grow.
6. Environmental Challenges: India faces significant environmental
challenges, including air pollution and water pollution. These
challenges can create health and safety risks for workers and
increase costs for businesses that need to comply with
environmental regulations.
 7. Land Acquisition: Land acquisition can be a significant challenge
for businesses looking to set up manufacturing operations in
India. The process can be slow, costly, and subject to regulatory
challenges.
In conclusion, making India a manufacturing hub requires significant
investment in infrastructure to overcome these challenges. The
Indian government must prioritize the development of robust
infrastructure, including transportation, power, and water supply, to
support the growth of the manufacturing sector. Additionally, the
government must invest in the development of a skilled workforce,
promote sustainable manufacturing practices, and simplify regulatory
procedures to make it easier for businesses to set up and operate in
the country.

Q6. Discuss initiatives taken to shape India into a global

manufacturing hub
India has taken several initiatives in recent years to shape itself into a
global manufacturing hub. Here are some of the key initiatives:
1. Make in India: Launched in 2014, the Make in India campaign is
a flagship initiative of the Indian government aimed at
promoting manufacturing in the country. The initiative seeks to
attract investment, promote innovation, and develop
infrastructure to support the growth of the manufacturing
sector.
2. National Single Window System: The setting up of National
Single Window System (NSWS) was announced in the Budget
2020-21 with the objective to provide “end to end” facilitation
and support to investors, including pre-investment advisory,
provide information related to land banks and facilitate
clearances at the centre and state level.
3. Production Linked Incentive scheme: Keeping in view India’s
vision of becoming ‘Atmanirbhar’, Production Linked Incentive
(PLI) Schemes for 14 key sectors have been announced with an
outlay of Rs. 1.97 lakh crore to enhance India’s manufacturing
capabilities and exports.
4. Special Economic Zones: The Indian government has
established several special economic zones (SEZs) across the
country to encourage investment in manufacturing. These
zones provide a range of benefits to businesses, including tax
incentives, access to infrastructure, and streamlined regulatory
procedures.
5. National Logistics Policy: National Logistics Policy (NLP) was
launched on September 17, 2022, and aims to lower the cost of
logistics and lead it to par with other developed countries. This
would boost economic growth, provide employment
opportunities, and make Indian products more competitive in
the global market.
6. Industrial Corridor Development Programme: In order to
accelerate growth in manufacturing, Government of India (GoI)
has adopted the strategy of developing industrial corridors in
partnership with state governments. The objective of this
programme is to develop Greenfield Industrial
regions/areas/nodes with sustainable infrastructure & make
available Plug and Play Infrastructure at the plot level.
7. Investment in Infrastructure: The Indian government has
invested heavily in infrastructure to support the growth of the
manufacturing sector. This includes the development of roads,
ports, airports, and other infrastructure projects to improve
transportation and logistics.
8. Skill Development: The Indian government has launched several
initiatives to develop a skilled workforce to support the growth
 of the manufacturing sector. This includes the Skill India
program, which aims to train over 40 crore people in various
skills by 2022.
9. Ease of Doing Business: The Indian government has
implemented several reforms to improve the ease of doing
business in the country. This includes simplifying regulatory
procedures, reducing bureaucracy, and easing restrictions on
foreign investment.
10. Start-up India: The Start-up India initiative, launched in 2016,
aims to promote entrepreneurship and innovation in the country.
The initiative provides various incentives and support to start-ups,
including tax exemptions, funding, and mentorship.
In conclusion, these initiatives have helped shape India into a global
manufacturing hub, attracting investment, promoting innovation, and
developing infrastructure to support the growth of the sector. The
Indian government must continue to prioritize the development of
the manufacturing sector to create employment opportunities, boost
exports, and enhance the overall competitiveness of the Indian
economy.

Q7. Comment on the role of the Indian defence forces as the net
provider of regional security in the Indian Ocean region
The Indian Ocean region is strategically important due to its location
between Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. As one of the major
powers in the region, India plays a significant role in ensuring the
security and stability of the Indian Ocean region. The Indian defense
forces, comprising the Indian Army, Indian Navy, and Indian Air Force,
have a crucial role to play in this regard.
The Indian Navy is one of the most powerful naval forces in the
region and is responsible for safeguarding India's maritime interests.
It is also actively involved in providing maritime security to other
countries in the region through joint patrols and exercises. The Indian
Navy regularly conducts patrols in the Indian Ocean to ensure the
safety of maritime trade routes, prevent piracy, and combat
terrorism.
In addition to the Navy, the Indian Army and Air Force also play
important roles in providing regional security. The Indian Army has a
significant presence in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which are
strategically located near the Strait of Malacca, one of the busiest
shipping lanes in the world. The Indian Air Force also has a significant
role in ensuring the security of the Indian Ocean region, with its
strategic assets and air bases located across India.
The Indian defense forces have also been involved in several regional
security initiatives, such as the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA)
and the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS). These initiatives aim
to promote regional cooperation and enhance the collective security
of the Indian Ocean region.
In conclusion, the Indian defense forces have a critical role to play as
the net provider of regional security in the Indian Ocean region. With
its powerful navy, strategic army, and air force assets, India has the
capacity to ensure the security and stability of the region, promote
regional cooperation, and protect its maritime interests.

Q8. Evaluate the role of India in the UN peace keeping forces.

India stands solidly committed to assist the UN in the maintenance of
international peace and security with a proud history of UN
peacekeeping dating back to its inception in the 1950s. With over
200,000 troops deployed in various missions, India is one of the
largest contributors to UN peacekeeping forces. Indian peacekeepers
have made the supreme sacrifice while serving in UN missions. India
has also provided and continues to provide eminent commanders for
UN Missions, this reflects its commitment to the principles of the UN
Charter and its belief in maintaining international peace and security.
Here are some key roles played by India in UN peacekeeping forces:
1. Providing troops and personnel: India has contributed
significant numbers of troops and personnel to UN
peacekeeping missions. As of 2021, India has deployed more
than 5,500 troops and police personnel to various UN missions,
including in South Sudan, Congo, Lebanon, and the Central
African Republic.
2. Commanding UN missions: India has also been involved in
commanding several UN peacekeeping missions. In 2003,
Lieutenant General Satish Nambiar became the first Indian
military officer to command a UN peacekeeping mission in the
former Yugoslavia. India has also commanded several other UN
missions, including in Congo and Sierra Leone.
3. Training peacekeepers: India has established a Centre for UN
Peacekeeping in New Delhi, which provides training to
peacekeepers from India and other countries. The center offers
a range of courses, including pre-deployment training,
leadership training, and specialized courses on various aspects
of peacekeeping.
4. Contributions to peacekeeping budget: India is one of the
largest financial contributors to the UN peacekeeping budget. In
2020, India contributed more than $26 million to the
peacekeeping budget, which is used to support the operations
of UN peacekeeping missions worldwide.
5. The following have been some of the past missions in which
India has contributed since 1950:
 (a)Korea (1950-54)
(b) Indo-China (1954-70) India provided an Infantry Battalion and
supporting staff
(c) Middle East (1956-67) contribution was an infantry battalion
and other support elements.

6. Current Missions:
(a) Lebanon (UNIFIL) (Since December 1998)
(b) Congo (MONUC/MONUSCO) (Since January 2005)
(c) Sudan (UNMIS/UNMISS) (Since April 2005)
(d) Golan Heights (UNDOF) (Since February 2006)
(e) India has deployed Staff Officers, Experts on Mission,
Military Observers and Independent Police Officers in UNOCI,
UNAMA, UNFICYP, UNTSO, MINURSO and UNISFA.
India's participation in UN peacekeeping missions has several
benefits. It enhances India's image as a responsible and reliable
member of the international community, promotes global peace and
security, and provides valuable training and experience to Indian
troops and personnel. India's participation in UN peacekeeping
missions also helps to strengthen its diplomatic ties with other
countries and demonstrates its commitment to multilateralism and
international cooperation.
In conclusion, India's role in UN peacekeeping forces has been
significant and vital to maintaining international peace and security.
Through its contributions of troops, commanding positions, training,
and financial support, India has played an active and important role
in promoting global peace and security.

Q9. Explain the progress made by India in the field of satellite

technology.
India has made significant progress in the field of satellite technology
over the years. India's space program, administered by the Indian
Space Research Organization (ISRO), it has developed satellite launch
vehicles, PSLV and GSLV, to place the satellites in the required orbits.
ISRO has achieved many milestones in satellite technology, including:
1. Launching of satellites: India has launched several satellites for
communication, navigation, remote sensing, and other
purposes. Notable examples include the Indian National
Satellite System (INSAT) for communication and meteorology,
the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) for
navigation, and the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite series
for earth observation.
2. Development of launch vehicles: India has also developed
several launch vehicles, including the Polar Satellite Launch
Vehicle (PSLV) and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
(GSLV). These launch vehicles have enabled India to launch its
own satellites as well as provide commercial launch services to
other countries.
3. Mars mission: In 2014, India's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM),
also known as Mangalyaan, successfully reached Mars, making
India the first country to reach Mars in its first attempt and the
first Asian country to reach Mars.
4. Gaganyaan mission: India is currently working on its ambitious
Gaganyaan mission, which aims to send Indian astronauts into
space by 2022.
5. International cooperation: India has also collaborated with
other countries in satellite technology, including joint missions
with NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the French
Space Agency (CNES).
India's progress in satellite technology has brought several benefits,
including improved communication and navigation services, better
weather forecasting and disaster management, enhanced national
security and defense capabilities, and increased international
cooperation and recognition.
In conclusion, India's achievements in the field of satellite technology
demonstrate the country's technological capabilities and potential for
innovation. With continued investment and research in this area,
India can further enhance its position as a global leader in space
technology and contribute to the betterment of humanity.

Q10. Comment on India’s biotechnology industry.

India's biotechnology industry has emerged as a significant
contributor to the country's economy and global biotech market. The
biotech sector in India is mainly driven by the increasing demand for
healthcare products, growing investment in research and
development, and the availability of skilled human resources.
The sector is divided into five major segments- Bio-pharma, Bio-
services, Bio-Agri, Bio industrial, and Bioinformatics. The Indian
biotech industry is likely to experience significant growth on the back
of increasing economic prosperity, health consciousness and a billion-
plus population base.
Here are some key aspects of India's biotechnology industry:
1. Biopharmaceuticals: India's biopharmaceuticals sector is the
largest segment of the country's biotech industry. Indian
companies are involved in the production of generic drugs,
biosimilars, and vaccines, which are exported to countries
around the world.
2. Research and development: India has a strong research and
development base in biotechnology. The government and
 private sector invest heavily in research and development in
biotech, with the aim of developing new drugs, vaccines, and
other biotech products.
3. Skilled workforce: India has a large pool of skilled and educated
human resources in biotechnology. The country has several
premier institutions and universities offering courses in biotech,
which produce a large number of qualified professionals.
4. Government support: The Indian government has implemented
several policies and initiatives to support the growth of the
biotech industry. These include tax incentives, funding for
research and development, and the establishment of biotech
parks and incubators.
5. Collaboration and partnerships: Indian biotech companies have
collaborated with international players for joint research,
development, and marketing of biotech products. This has
helped Indian companies gain access to global markets and
technology.
The current situation of biotech industry: Biotechnology is the
backbone of various industrial sectors and makes a significant
contribution to the modernization of the country17. India's
biotechnology industry has been growing towards new heights in
conjunction with the recent economic outburst. The country has the
potential to revolutionize pharmaceutical and healthcare
sectors18.Biotechnology also has affected the economy in a positive
way due to the creation and growth of small business, generation of
new jobs.
India's biotech industry faces several challenges, including the lack of
adequate funding, weak intellectual property protection, and
regulatory issues. However, with the government's support, growing
investment in research and development, and the availability of
skilled human resources, India's biotech industry has the potential to
emerge as a global leader in biotechnology.
In conclusion, India's biotechnology industry is a significant
contributor to the country's economy and has the potential to
become a major player in the global biotech market. With continued
investment, innovation, and collaboration, India can further enhance
its position in this rapidly growing sector.

Q11. Discuss India’s potential as a global power, with respect to its

demography and democracy
India has the potential to emerge as a global power due to its large
and diverse population, as well as its democratic system of
governance.
1. Demography: India has a young and growing population, which
is expected to become the world's largest by 2027. This
demographic advantage provides a large workforce and a
potential consumer base for the country. India's diverse
population also brings cultural and linguistic richness, which can
help the country to strengthen its soft power.
2. Democracy: India's democratic system of governance is a key
strength that sets it apart from many other developing
countries. India's democratic institutions, including a free press,
independent judiciary, and competitive elections, have helped
to promote political stability, economic growth, and social
development.
In addition to these factors, India has made significant progress in
areas such as economic growth, technology, and military capabilities,
which further contribute to its potential as a global power. However,
there are also several challenges that India needs to address to
realize its full potential, such as:
 1. Poverty and inequality: Despite its economic growth, India still
faces significant challenges in reducing poverty and inequality.
The country needs to create more jobs and improve access to
basic services such as education, healthcare, and housing.
2. Infrastructure: India's infrastructure, including roads, railways,
and ports, requires significant investment to support economic
growth and development. India needs to address the
infrastructure deficit to support its economic growth and
development.
3. Security challenges: India faces significant security challenges,
including terrorism, border disputes, and internal conflicts.
India needs to address these challenges to promote regional
stability and security.
4. Environmental challenges: India faces significant environmental
challenges, including air pollution, water scarcity, and climate
change. India needs to adopt sustainable development
practices to mitigate these challenges and promote long-term
growth.
In conclusion, India has the potential to emerge as a global power
due to its demographic and democratic strengths, as well as its
economic and technological progress. However, India needs to
address several challenges to realize its full potential and promote
sustainable development.

Q12. Discuss the importance of Indian Ocean region and comment

on the role of Indian defence forces for providing security in the
region.
The Indian Ocean region is strategically significant due to its
economic, geopolitical, and security implications. The region is home
to some of the world's busiest shipping lanes, which are critical for
global trade and energy security. The region also has significant
natural resources, including oil, gas, and minerals.
India, as a major power in the region, has a key role to play in
ensuring stability and security in the Indian Ocean region. The Indian
defense forces have been playing an active role in providing security
in the region. Here are some ways in which the Indian defence forces
contribute to security in the Indian Ocean region:
1. Maritime security: India's navy has been involved in maritime
security operations, including anti-piracy operations, search and
rescue missions, and disaster relief operations. India's navy also
conducts joint exercises with other navies in the region to
promote regional security and cooperation.
2. Surveillance and intelligence: India's defense forces have been
investing in surveillance and intelligence capabilities to monitor
activities in the Indian Ocean region. This includes satellite
surveillance, airborne surveillance, and underwater surveillance
capabilities.
3. Diplomacy: India has been engaging with other countries in the
region through diplomatic channels to promote regional
security and stability. India has also been participating in
multilateral initiatives, such as the Indian Ocean Rim
Association and the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium, to
enhance cooperation in the region.
4. Infrastructure development: India has been investing in
infrastructure development in the region, including ports,
airports, and road networks. This can help to promote
economic development and connectivity in the region, which in
turn can contribute to regional stability and security.
In conclusion, the Indian Ocean region is a strategically important
region, and India's defense forces play an important role in providing
security in the region. Through maritime security operations,
surveillance and intelligence capabilities, diplomacy, and
infrastructure development, India is contributing to regional stability
and security.

Q13. Analyse India’s relation with the US and Russia

India has had historically significant relations with both the United
States and Russia, dating back to the Cold War era. In recent years,
India has sought to balance its relations with these two major
powers, while also pursuing its own strategic interests.
India and the United States:
• India and the United States have built a closer strategic
partnership in recent years, particularly under the administrations
of Presidents George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump.
This partnership has been driven by shared values such as
democracy, economic interests, and strategic concerns. The US-
India strategic partnership has been based on defence
cooperation, trade and investment, and collaboration on regional
and global issues.
• Defence cooperation: India and the US have significantly expanded
their defence cooperation, including joint military exercises, arms
sales, and intelligence sharing. The US has become one of India's
major defence suppliers, and India has been purchasing advanced
military technology from the US.
• Trade and investment: The US and India have been working to
deepen their economic ties, with bilateral trade reaching nearly
$150 billion in 2019. The two countries have also been negotiating
a free trade agreement, although progress has been slow.
• Collaboration on regional and global issues: India and the US have
been working together on regional and global issues, such as
 counterterrorism, nuclear non-proliferation, and climate change.
The two countries have also been collaborating in multilateral
forums such as the United Nations.
India and Russia:
• India has had a long-standing relationship with Russia, dating back
to the Soviet era. India and Russia have maintained close ties in
the areas of defence, energy, and space technology. However, in
recent years, India's relationship with Russia has faced challenges
due to India's growing partnership with the US and Russia's closer
relations with India's regional rival, China.
• Defence cooperation: India and Russia have maintained a close
defence relationship, with Russia being one of India's major
defence suppliers. The two countries have also been collaborating
on joint military exercises, arms sales, and defence research and
development.
• Energy cooperation: Russia has been a major supplier of oil and
gas to India, and the two countries have been exploring ways to
deepen their energy cooperation.
• Space technology: India and Russia have also been collaborating
on space technology, with Russia being a major partner in India's
space program.
In conclusion, India has maintained close relationships with both the
United States and Russia, based on strategic interests and shared
values. While India's relationship with the US has been growing
stronger in recent years, India's relationship with Russia remains
important due to historical ties and cooperation in areas such as
defence and energy. However, India's relations with both the US and
Russia face challenges due to shifting geopolitical dynamics and
India's pursuit of its own strategic interests.
Q14. Analyse India’s relation with China
India and China have a complex and often contentious relationship,
marked by a mixture of cooperation and competition, as well as
longstanding border disputes and geopolitical tensions.
Historical Background:
India and China have had a long and complex history, with cultural,
economic, and political exchanges dating back to ancient times.
However, since the 20th century, India and China have been involved
in several disputes, including territorial disputes over the border
region of Arunachal Pradesh, which China claims as its own, and
ongoing tensions over the status of Tibet and the Dalai Lama.
Current State of Relations:
In recent years, India's relations with China have been marked by a
mix of cooperation and competition, with both countries working to
deepen economic ties while also pursuing their own strategic
interests.
Cooperation:
Economic Ties: India and China have significantly expanded their
economic relations in recent years, with bilateral trade reaching
nearly $100 billion in 2019. The two countries have also been
collaborating on infrastructure development, with China investing
heavily in India's infrastructure projects.
Regional and Global Issues: India and China have been collaborating
on regional and global issues, such as climate change, and have been
working together in multilateral forums such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organization and the BRICS group of emerging
economies.
Territorial Disputes: India and China have been involved in ongoing
territorial disputes, including the border region of Arunachal Pradesh,
which has led to military standoffs and tensions between the two
countries.
Geopolitical Tensions: India and China have been competing for
influence in the region, with China's Belt and Road Initiative and
increasing military presence in the Indian Ocean region seen as a
challenge to India's strategic interests.
In conclusion, India's relationship with China is complex and often
marked by tensions and disputes, as well as cooperation and
economic ties. While both countries have worked to deepen
economic and regional cooperation, their ongoing territorial disputes
and geopolitical tensions pose significant challenges to the
relationship.

Q15. Write a note on G20 and India’s Presidency

The Group of Twenty, or G20, is the premier forum for international
cooperation on the most important aspects of the international
economic and financial agenda. It comprises of 19 countries and the
European Union. It was established in 1999 to bring together the
world's largest economies to discuss and coordinate on global
economic issues.

The objectives of the G20 are:

a) Policy coordination between its members in order to achieve
global economic stability, sustainable growth; b) To promote financial
regulations that reduce risks and prevent future financial crises; and
c) To create a new international financial architecture.

India’s G -20 Presidency

India holds the Presidency of the G20 from December 1, 2022 to
November 30, 2023. The 43 Heads of Delegations- the largest ever in
G20-will be participating in the final New Delhi Summit in September
next year.
India's participation in the G20 process stems from the realization
that as a major developing economy India has a vital stake in the
stability of the international economic and financial system.
• India has been actively involved in the G20 preparatory process
both at the Sherpas Track and the Financial Track since its
inception. The Prime Minister participated in all seven G20
summits.

• India held the G20 presidency in 2022, marking the first time it has
hosted the G20. During its presidency, India focused on the theme
of "People, Planet, Prosperity" and identified four key priority
areas: digitalization, sustainable development, resilient
infrastructure, and inclusive growth.
• Under India's leadership, the G20 held several meetings and
summits throughout the year, with a focus on issues such as
climate change, global economic recovery, and COVID-19 response
and vaccination efforts. India also sought to promote the interests
of developing countries within the G20, calling for increased
financial and technological support for these countries.
• India's presidency of the G20 was seen as an important
opportunity for the country to showcase its global leadership and
strengthen its role in international economic governance. It was
also seen as a recognition of India's growing economic influence
and potential as a global power.
• Overall, India's presidency of the G20 was seen as successful in
promoting a focus on sustainable and inclusive growth and
prioritizing the needs of developing countries within the group. It
also helped to strengthen India's position in the global economic
and political arena.
Q16. Explain the evolution and functions of the World Economic
Forum
The World Economic Forum (WEF) is a non-profit organization
founded in 1971 by Klaus Schwab, a Swiss economist and professor.
The organization's stated mission is to "improve the state of the
world" by bringing together leaders from business, government, civil
society, academia, and other sectors to engage in dialogue and
collaboration on key global issues.
Evolution:
The WEF was originally founded as the European Management
Forum, with a focus on improving management practices in Europe.
Over time, the organization expanded its focus to include global
issues such as economic growth, environmental sustainability, and
social development.
In the 1990s, the WEF began to gain prominence as an important
platform for global leaders to discuss and address key issues facing
the world. The annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland, which brings
together political and business leaders from around the world, has
become a widely recognized event and has helped to elevate the
profile of the WEF.
Functions:
The WEF serves several functions, including:
1. Providing a platform for dialogue and collaboration: The WEF
brings together leaders from different sectors and regions to
engage in dialogue and collaboration on key global issues.
2. Conducting research and analysis: The WEF conducts research
and analysis on a range of global issues, including economic
growth, environmental sustainability, and social development.
It also publishes reports and studies to inform policy and
decision-making.
 3. Advocating for change: The WEF advocates for policy changes
and reforms to address global challenges, such as climate
change, inequality, and economic instability.
4. Hosting events and initiatives: The WEF hosts a range of events
and initiatives, including the annual meeting in Davos, as well as
regional summits and industry-focused initiatives.
In recent years, the WEF has also sought to increase its focus on
social and environmental issues, including gender equality, climate
change, and sustainable development.
Overall, the World Economic Forum plays an important role in
shaping global dialogue and policy on key economic, social, and
environmental issues. While its influence and effectiveness have
been subject to some criticism, it remains a widely recognized and
influential organization in the global arena.

Q17. Discuss the objectives of the International Organisation-

BRICS. What role has India played in this organisation?
BRICS is a multilateral organization that brings together five major
emerging economies, namely Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South
Africa. The organization was established in 2006, and its objectives
include promoting economic development and cooperation among
its member countries, as well as enhancing their global influence and
promoting a more equitable and multipolar world order.
The key objectives of the BRICS organization can be summarized as
follows:
1. Promoting economic growth and development: The BRICS
countries account for a significant share of the world's
population and GDP, and the organization aims to leverage their
collective economic power to promote growth and
 development, both within their own countries and in other
regions.
2. Enhancing cooperation on global issues: The BRICS countries
share common interests and concerns on a range of global
issues, including climate change, terrorism, and trade. The
organization aims to promote greater cooperation and
coordination among its members on these issues.
3. Promoting a multipolar world order: The BRICS countries are
seen as emerging powers that can help to promote a more
balanced and equitable global order. The organization seeks to
enhance the influence and voice of its members in global
governance and decision-making.
India has played an important role in the BRICS organization, both as
a founding member and as a major participant in its activities. India
has used its position in the organization to advance its own economic
and strategic interests, as well as to promote greater cooperation
among its member countries.
Some of the key roles played by India in the BRICS organization
include:
1. Enhancing economic cooperation: India has actively promoted
greater economic cooperation among the BRICS countries,
including through initiatives such as the New Development
Bank, which was established by the BRICS countries to provide
funding for infrastructure projects.
2. Promoting regional stability: India has used its position in the
BRICS organization to promote greater stability and security in
its own region, including by working with other members to
address issues such as terrorism and maritime security.
3. Strengthening India's global influence: India has sought to use
its position in the BRICS organization to enhance its global
 influence and voice on key issues, including climate change and
international trade.
4. India’s Role as a Growth Maker for Other BRICS Countries: India
spent almost $4 billion in South Africa, and the Global Executive
Development Program was established to equip the workforce
5. India’s Role in South Asian Trade: India has taken a number of
encouraging steps to promote trade, including plans for a
digital, open-access BRICS platform. It has established an
independent BRICS credit rating agency to allow members to
correlate their ranks with other developing countries rather
than other members.
6. India’s Role as a Big Brother: India is considered as a strong
voice in the BRICS and the UN, speaking out against policies or
actions that may harm the interests of any member. For
example, India turned down China’s request to join the BRICS
for Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Mexico. India believed that focusing
on developing existing members rather than accepting new
members would suffocate the BRICS as a coalition and that it
may follow the European Union’s path
7. India’s Peacekeeping Role: For trade to thrive, the BRICS must
be peaceful, which is why peacekeeping in trade regions such as
the Mediterranean, North Africa, and the Indian Ocean is
critical. India has been assisting Tibetans in their fight for
independence as well as the Rohingyas. India has dispatched
over 1,000 troops to Nigeria, Somalia, Sudan, Ethiopia, and
Afghanistan as part of UN missions to suppress internal unrest
Overall, India has played an important role in the BRICS organization
and has used its position to advance its own interests, as well as to
promote greater cooperation and coordination among the member
countries.
Q18. Review India’s participation in G20.
The Group of Twenty, or G20, is the premier forum for international
cooperation on the most important aspects of the international
economic and financial agenda. It brings together the world’s major
advanced and emerging economies.

India's participation in G20 has been significant since its inclusion in

the forum in 1999. As a major emerging economy, India's role in the
G20 is crucial, and it has actively participated in the group's meetings
and initiatives.
India's participation in the G20 has focused on several key areas,
including:
1. Economic growth and development: India has used its
participation in the G20 to promote economic growth and
development, both within its own country and in the wider
region. India has played an active role in discussions on issues
such as infrastructure investment, trade, and financial
regulation.
2. Climate change and sustainable development: India has been a
strong advocate for sustainable development and has played an
active role in discussions on climate change, energy, and
environmental issues. India has emphasized the importance of
a balanced approach to development that takes into account
social and environmental factors, as well as economic growth.
3. Global governance and multilateralism: India has used its
participation in the G20 to promote greater global governance
and multilateralism. India has advocated for a more equitable
and representative global order, and has sought to strengthen
the role of the UN and other multilateral institutions.
India's participation in the G20 has been generally well-regarded, and
the country has been seen as an important and constructive
participant in the group's discussions and initiatives. India has used
its participation in the G20 to advance its own economic and
strategic interests, as well as to promote greater cooperation and
coordination among the member countries. India's presidency of the
G20 in 2023 will provide an opportunity for the country to play a
more active and influential role in the forum, and to promote its own
priorities and initiatives.

Q19. Discuss the rise of India as a global soft power

Soft power is the ability of a country to persuade others to do what it
wants without resorting to force or coercion. Soft power lies in a
country’s attractiveness and comes from three resources: its culture,
its political values, and its foreign policies. India boasts an amazing
variety and wealth of soft power resources.

India's soft power has been driven by several factors, including:

• India's spiritualism, yoga, movies and television, classical and
popular dance and music, its principles of non-violence,
democratic institutions, plural society, and cuisine have all
attracted people across the world.
• International Day of Yoga reflects yoga’s immense popularity
worldwide, underscoring its richness as a soft power resource.
• Indian Diaspora is seen as ambassadors of carriers of our soft
power.
• To project New Delhi’s soft power across world capitals, the
MEA has embarked on a program to build diplomatic missions
and cultural centres using the country’s diverse styles of
architecture.
• Buddhism is an important bridge between not just India and
South East Asia and East Asia, but also with South Asia.
 • India's successful Aadhaar programme which can help countries
do similar things and India's IT capability are huge source of soft
power.
• India is a country in which all major religions like Hinduism,
Islam, Christianity and Sikhism - coexists which has been the
strength of India's soft power.
• India is dipping into its soft power resources in its diplomatic
engagements abroad.
• India is a civilisation which has offered refuge to cultural and
religious freedoms to Jews, Parses, Christens and Muslims.
• India's growing economy has also contributed to its soft power.
As one of the world's fastest-growing major economies, India
has become an important player in the global economy, and its
success has attracted the attention and admiration of other
countries.
• India's foreign policy has also helped to boost its soft power.
The country has pursued an independent foreign policy that has
emphasized its commitment to peace, non-alignment, and
cooperation with other countries.

India’s culture, heritage and its pluralism are its strengths. We have
the potential to be world leaders in not only economic terms but as a
free, vibrant and dynamic nation. India must use its soft power to
leverage and accelerate its growth. India's growing soft power is
expected to continue to play an important role in shaping the
country's relationship with the world in the years to come.

Q20. Explain the concept of Soft Power and comment on the impact
of yoga and the diaspora in enhancing India’s soft power status
Soft power refers to the ability of a country to influence others
through its cultural and social values, as opposed to military or
economic power. It is the power of attraction that a country exerts
over others through its ideas, values, and culture.

International Day of Yoga reflects yoga’s immense popularity

worldwide, underscoring its richness as a soft power resource Indian
Diaspora is seen as ambassadors of carriers of our soft power.
India has been able to leverage its soft power effectively in recent
years, with the practice of yoga and the influence of the Indian
diaspora playing a key role. Yoga has gained immense popularity in
many countries around the world, and India has been at the forefront
of promoting the practice as a tool for health and well-being. The
International Day of Yoga, celebrated on June 21 every year, is now
observed in many countries around the world, reflecting the global
popularity of the practice.
The Indian diaspora, which is estimated to be around 30 million
people, has also played an important role in enhancing India's soft
power. Indian-Americans, for example, are among the most
successful immigrant communities in the United States, and their
success has helped to promote a positive image of India in the
country. Similarly, the Indian community in the United Kingdom has
played an important role in promoting Indian culture and values in
the country.
India's soft power has been further enhanced by its rich cultural
heritage, including its music, art, literature, and philosophy. Indian
films, especially those produced by Bollywood, have gained a global
following, and have helped to popularize Indian culture around the
world. Similarly, Indian cuisine, which is known for its rich flavors and
spices, has become popular in many countries around the world.
Overall, India's soft power has played an important role in enhancing
the country's global standing and promoting its interests on the
global stage. The popularity of yoga and the influence of the Indian
diaspora are just two examples of how India has been able to
leverage its soft power to project a positive image of the country
around the world.

Q21. Examine the visionary leadership provided by India for global

governance
India has played a significant role in shaping global governance,
particularly in recent years, by providing visionary leadership in
several areas. Some of the key examples of India's leadership in
global governance are:
1. Climate Change: India has been a vocal advocate for climate
change action and has played a key role in shaping the global
discourse on the issue. India has committed to reducing its
carbon emissions and has also been instrumental in negotiating
the Paris Climate Agreement.
2. International Trade: India has been actively involved in global
trade negotiations and has played a leading role in promoting
the interests of developing countries. India has also been
involved in the establishment of institutions such as the World
Trade Organization (WTO) to promote free and fair trade.
3. Sustainable Development: India has been a strong advocate for
sustainable development and has played a leading role in
shaping the global agenda on the issue. India has also been
involved in the establishment of institutions such as the United
Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to promote
sustainable development globally.
4. Global Health: India has been actively involved in global health
initiatives and has played a key role in shaping the global
response to pandemics such as COVID-19. India has also been
 involved in the establishment of institutions such as the World
Health Organization (WHO) to promote global health.
5. Cyber Security: India has been actively involved in global efforts
to enhance cyber security and has played a leading role in
promoting the development of international norms and
standards for cyber security.
Overall, India has provided visionary leadership in several areas of
global governance, and has played an active role in shaping the
global discourse on these issues. India's leadership has been
characterized by a commitment to promoting the interests of
developing countries, a focus on sustainable development, and a
willingness to engage in global partnerships to achieve common
goals.

Q22. Comment on Indian cinema's potential as India’s soft power

Indian cinema, also known as Bollywood, has emerged as a
significant element of India's soft power. It is considered one of the
biggest and most globalised industry in the world and has a
significant role in popularising Indian culture across the globe. With
its massive domestic and global audience, Indian cinema has the
potential to shape perceptions of India and Indian culture around the
world.
Indian cinema is known for its unique style, music, dance, and
storytelling, which have gained popularity worldwide. Indian films
have won several international awards and have been featured in
numerous film festivals around the world.
Moreover, Indian cinema has helped in promoting India's cultural
diversity, and has been instrumental in popularizing Indian clothing,
food, and music in many countries. Indian cinema has also played a
crucial role in enhancing India's global image, especially in countries
where people are not familiar with the country's culture, traditions,
and way of life.
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the popularity
of Indian cinema in many countries, including China, Japan, and
Russia. Indian cinema has also been instrumental in promoting
cultural exchanges and collaborations with other countries, which
has further strengthened India's soft power status.
Overall, Indian cinema's potential as India's soft power is significant,
and it will continue to play a crucial role in promoting India's cultural
heritage, diversity, and global image.

Q23. Examine the influence of Indian films and cuisine in enhancing

India’s soft power status
Indian films and cuisine have played a significant role in enhancing
India's soft power status by promoting India's cultural heritage,
values, and way of life. Here are some points that highlight the
influence of Indian films and cuisine in enhancing India's soft power
status:
1. Indian Films: Indian cinema, also known as Bollywood, has
gained popularity worldwide for its unique style, music, dance,
and storytelling. Indian films have won several international
awards and have been featured in numerous film festivals
around the world, which has helped in promoting India's
cultural diversity and traditions.
2. Indian Cuisine:
Indian cuisine is known for its diverse and rich flavors, which
has gained popularity worldwide. Indian food is known for its
spices and herbs, which are used for medicinal purposes as
well. Indian cuisine has been instrumental in promoting India's
cultural diversity
 Due to the presence of Indian communities in most major cities
worldwide, as well as the consequent rise in Indian restaurants
around the world, Indian cuisine has become more well known
and appreciated. This demonstrates the soft power India wields
through its cuisine globally.
3. Cross-cultural exchanges: Indian films have played a crucial role
in promoting cross-cultural exchanges, and collaborations with
other countries. The popularity of Indian cinema has led to
collaborations with international film industries, which has
helped in promoting cultural exchanges between India and
other countries.
4. Tourism: Indian films and cuisine have also been instrumental in
promoting tourism in India. The popularity of Indian films and
cuisine has led to an increase in the number of tourists visiting
India, which has contributed to the country's economy and
global image.
In conclusion, Indian films and cuisine have played a significant role
in enhancing India's soft power status by promoting its cultural
diversity and way of life. The popularity of Indian cinema and cuisine
has helped in promoting cross-cultural exchanges and collaborations
with other countries, which has further strengthened India's soft
power status.

Q24. Write a note on India and its world view

According to India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, who
tailored its world-view during the initial phase, two aspects of India’s
world-view, namely, the ‘positive aspect of peace’ and the desire to
promote ‘a larger degree of co-operation among nations,’ were based
on India’spast thinking on the formulation of foreign policy.
India's world view is shaped by its rich history, culture, and traditions.
Five aspects of India's traditional values have a bearing on the
evolution of its world-view, namely, preference for a middle way,
tolerance, idealist and realist traditions, absence of imperialist
tradition, and a habit of expressing positive ideas through negative
terms.
India has always been a proponent of peaceful coexistence, non-
violence, and diplomacy in resolving conflicts. The following points
highlight India's world view:
1. Non-Alignment: India has always followed a policy of non-
alignment, which means it does not align with any superpower
and maintains neutrality in global politics. India's non-aligned
stance reflects its commitment to maintaining peace,
promoting economic development, and protecting its
sovereignty.
2. Multilateralism: India believes in the principles of
multilateralism, which means promoting cooperation and
collaboration among nations to tackle global challenges like
climate change, terrorism, poverty, and pandemics. India has
been an active participant in various multilateral forums like the
United Nations, BRICS, G20, and other regional organizations.
3. Regional Connectivity: India believes in promoting regional
connectivity and economic cooperation among the countries in
South Asia and the Indian Ocean region. India has been
instrumental in promoting regional initiatives like the South
Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), Bay of
Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic
Cooperation (BIMSTEC), and Indian Ocean Rim Association
(IORA).
4. Cultural Diplomacy: India believes in promoting its cultural
heritage and traditions as a means of soft power diplomacy.
India has been promoting its culture, traditions, and values
 through initiatives like yoga, Ayurveda, Indian cuisine, and
Bollywood films. These initiatives have helped in enhancing
India's global image and promoting its soft power.
In conclusion, India's world view is based on the principles of non-
alignment, multilateralism, regional connectivity, and cultural
diplomacy. India's world view reflects its commitment to maintaining
peace, promoting economic development, and protecting its
sovereignty, while at the same time, promoting global cooperation
and collaboration to tackle global challenges.