NameYusupuva Mohira_

Group_________
Table 1. “Paradise” by Abdulrazak Gurnah
№ 1.1. Historical Elements Analysis
(extracts with page numbers) (your own approach)
1 They came to Kawa because it It describes the history of World
had become a boom town when war II, which means this country
the Germans had used it as a also influenced the effects of the
depot for the railway line they war
were building to the highlands of
the interior. (page 5)
2 Iskander the Conqueror, who When Khalil told the myth about
defeated the whole world in “Dhul Qurnain” He Discribed
battle.(page 42) Historical Figure of that time
3 'The prophet Yusuf who saved When Hussein and Hamid
Egypt from famine,' Hussein explained about the history of
said. 'Don't you know that one?' mountains, lakes of that place
'What lies beyond the darkness where they live. Writer wanted to
to the west?' Yusuf asked, give the beauty of the mauntains
making Kalasinga cluck with and the nature of his homeland,
irritation. He had been hoping
for the story of the famine in
Egypt, which of course he knew
but would have liked to hear
again.(page 84)
4 “We have Gardens like that in In Kalasinga wanted to say that
India with seven and eight and so people themselves could create a
on “ Kalasinga said. “Built by paradise with their hands,
Mogul Barbarians”. Moguls are historical worriars.
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1.2. Cultural Elements Analysis

(extracts with page
numbers)
1 Sometimes they played kipande.
whenever he was allowed he
joined the crowd of fielders who
(your own approach)
Writer wanted to show the
cultural heritage of the nation by
giving example of, traditional
 frantically chased across dusty
open spaces after a flying slug of
wood.(page 8)
2 The best Peshawar rice,
glistening with ghee and dotted
with sultanas and almonds.
Aromatic and plump buns,
maandazi and mahamri,
overflowing the clothcovered
basket. Spinach in a coconut
sauce. (page 9)
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1.3. Religious Elements
(extracts with page
numbers)
1 Every Idd he went with the
seyyid to the Juma'a mosque for
prayers, and once he had been
taker1 to a funeral, but he did not
know whose it was. (page 39)
2 In the month of Shaaban, just
before the arrival of Ramadhan
and its fierce regime of hunger
and prayers, Hamid decided to
visit the villages and settlements
on the mountain slopes. (page
73)
3 God has made seven Heavens,'
Hamid said, ignoring Kalasinga
and turning his head aside as if
to address Yusuf alone.
His voice was slowly softening.
'Paradise is the seventh level,
itself divided into seven levels.
The highest is the Jennet al
Adn, the Garden of Eden. They
game.
This extract was taken from the
book when Uncle Aziz came to
Yusuf’s house, How he should
be treated and how they apriciate
the guests in their house. It
implies the variation of Aftican
cousine in their culture.
Analysis
(your own approach)
From this extract we could
analise how Yusuf step by step
started to feel his religion.
In this extract writer wanted to
show that Hamid is not truly
believer of his religious. His
main intense was to take
advantage of the people and gain
money.
Hamid wanted to explain to
Yusuf that Paradise is not existed
on Earth. Paradise is the place
where not everyone can enter. In
this extract he has an argument
with Kalasinga whose religious
is not Islam and He believes that
We have a paradise on Earth in
the beautiful gardens
 don't allow hairy blasphemers
in there, even if they can roar
like a thousand wild lions (page
80)
4 On that night our Prophet was Writer described his religious in
taken from Makka to Jerusalem beautiful way we could notice
on the winged horse Borakh, his knowledge.This extract was
and from there to the spoken by Hamid he wanted to
presence of the Almighty, who give Yusuf profound assiciation
decreed the laws of Islam. about Islam.
Ramadhan, it was ordered,
would be the month of fasting
and prayer, a month of self-
denial and atonement. How else
to express our submission to
God if not by denying ourselves
the most necessary pleasures of
existence: food, water and
sensual indulgence?(page 95)
5 Hamid suggested they should Hamid was the only persom who
begin by reading Ya Sin aloud, made Yusuf to study and be
taking turns. Yusuf opened the closer to the religious.
Book and flipped through the
pages under Hamid's suspicious
gaze. 'Don't you know where Ya
Sin is?' he asked.(page 97)
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 Table 2. “By the Sea” by Abdulrazak Gurnah
№ 2.1. Historical Elements Analysis
(extracts with page numbers) (your own approach)
1 Then the Portuguese, rounding Writer gives a brief information
the continent, burst so about how the Nations are
unexpectedly and so disastrously formed .
from that unknown and
impenetrable sea, and put paid to
medieval geography with their
sea-borne cannons. They
wreaked their religion-crazed
havoc on islands, harbours and
cities, exulting over their cruelty
to the inhabitants they plundered.
(page 15)
2 Even though the Portuguese and Writer wanted to give enphasis
the Dutch came to conquer and on the historical event when after
take charge in their this Grandfather of the main
characteristic ways from the character started his flourishing
1500s, it was not until the British bussiness.
swaggered in in the 1850s that
the power of the Muslim Malay
states was finally made null.
(page 23)
3 Anyway, the move to Bahrain Writer wanted to show that all
was blessed too, just as his this Historical event wich
father had been in Malaya , heppened in the past could bring
though not in quite the same consequenses of the life not the
spectacular fashion. The war people on that period of time and
against the Turks did him no todays life.
harm, only good, bringing
business along with the
thousands of the odious English
and Indian armies passing
through on their way to the
battles in Iraq. (Poor Iraq, it
seems the British have
been fighting there for one
reason or another so often in
this century.(page 28)
4 Then he put a dot in the north Historical event. After this the
Mediterranean and said, 'This main character started collecting
 is where Christopher Columbus maps
was, and he wanted to go to
China, but by following a route
in the opposite direction.'(page
37)
5 At the culmination of his efforts
with Julius Caesar, he declaimed
the result to me as we sat on the
shallow steps outside the house,
him holding his arm cocked
across his chest like a senator
from Ancient Rome and with his
chin lifted and angled in a
sagacious pose.(page 78)
6 Republic of China agreed to In this extract writer gave clear
provide finance. The Soviet 106 opinion about Americans and
Union offered arms credit. The about his nation.
German Democratic Republic
offered training in management
and scientific skills.(page 106)
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2.2. Cultural Elements Analysis

(extracts with page (your own approach)
numbers)
1 As everyone knows you can't eat
halwa without a cup of coffee in
your hand, so when I stopped
the halwa business I also cut his
throat, as he put it.(page 30)
2 I see Writer so many times mentioned
him now, a short plump man, about a kanzu and kofia he
dressed in a kanzu, kofia and a discribed only rich and
faded brown jacket, politicians wore this kind of
clothes.
3 (Of course I didn't, but Ali Baba
did and
woke up to find himself in the
c:;i,ve of the Forty Thieves. )
 (page 86)
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2.3. Religious Elements Analysis
(extracts with page (your own approach)
numbers)
1 Persian and Arab merchants had
been trading in Malaya for
centuries, and merchants from
Hadhramut took the message of
Islam there in the seventh
century, in the same generation
as the
Prophet's revelations in Makka
Page 23
2 huoni, that was where we went Writer showed how children in
to learn the aliphbe-te so we that period time gained raligious
could read the Koran and listen knowledge.
to the miraculous events which
befell the Prophet throughout
his lifetime, salallahu-wa-ale
(page 36)
3 It was during Rajab that the In this extract we could
night of the Miraj understand how muslims started
occurred, when the Prophet was to pray 5 times a day the history
taken through the seven hea4 1 of this event.
vens to the Presence of God.
How we loved that story when
we
were young. On the night of the
27th qf Rajah, the Prophet was
sleeping when the Angel Jibreel
woke him and made him mount
the winged beast Burakh, _who
took him through the sky to
alQuds, Jerusalem. There, in the
ruins of the Temple Mount, he
 prayed with Abraham, Moses
and Jesus and then ascended in
their company to the Lote Tree
of the Uttermost Limit, sidrat
almuntaha, which wa.
s the nearest that any being
could approach
the Almighty. The Prophet
received God's injunction that
Muslims were to pray fifty times
in a day (page 41)
4 she called her Ruqiya after the
Prophet's daughter with Khadija,
his first wife and his benefactor.
But she did not live long, she
died. Rahmatullah alaiha.(page
47)
5 I went to the bathroom and Writer step by srep
performed the udhu in demonstarated How muslims
preparation for prayer, washing pray avery day. From this extract
my hands, my face, my arms and we could feel how main
my feet. Then I returned to character is truly believer of the
Alfonso's towel and began. First Islam Religion.
the statement of the intention to
perform Ya Latif, then seeking
refuge in God from Satan, the
stoned one. Then bismillah, In
the name of God who is merciful
and compassionate. After that,
alIkhlas three times: Say God is
one, is eternal. He is without
child, and without father. No one
is equal to him. Then the latifun:
Gentle is God towards his
servants. He gives to whom He
will. He is Invincible, the
Almighty. Then the prayer on the
Prophet, a beautiful-sounding
prayer(page 59)
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Table 3. “The Last Gift” by Abdulrazak Gurnah

№ 3.1. Historical Elements Analysis
(extracts with page numbers) (your own approach)
1 Then not so long after that first
meeting came the 9/11
bombings in New York,
and the wars that followed,
which made knowing more
imperative.(page 81)
2 The era of the demo had long
since passed, and to him those
events were like distant myths
of self-indulgent times, the wild
music, the crazy
sex, the sit-ins, the demo itself,
the heroics of the Grosvenor
Square antiVietnam War rally in
1968 (page 84)
3 He had a clear memory of the
anti-capitalism riots in 1999, but
that seemed
more like organised combat than
a demonstration, both sides
uniformed and
masked and dementedly violent.
The march on 15 February 2003
was peaceful, a
mass coming together made up
of people who doubted the
wisdom or justice of
inflicting war on Iraq
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3.2. Cultural Elements Analysis

(extracts with page (your own approach)
numbers)
1 She cooked them vegetable
stews and watered down the
milk to save money, and she
filled them up with sweet suet
puddings and scones that were
hard as rock.(page 17)
2 in India: unexpected and magical
creatures, ladhoo and halwa
badam, precious stones that
hatch out of birds’ eggs, marble
palaces and rivers of ice (page
25)
3 remembered how one Christmas
he told them about rosewater.
This is how
we greet each other in our
celebrations. On the first day of
Idd, people called on
each other to offer greetings and
share a cup of coffee and, if they
were well off
enough, a small bite of halwa. In
some houses, the host sprinkled
his guests with
rosewater as they arrived,
shaking it out of a silver fountain
into their hands and
sometimes lightly showering
their hair with it (page 32)
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3.3. Religious Elements Analysis
 (extracts with page (your own approach)
numbers)
1 Uncle Digby, and for as long as
he could remember, his parents
had said that the
Easter service was the most
important ceremony in the
Christian calendar.
According to them you did not
have the right to call yourself a
Christian if you
did not attend the service to
rejoice in the saviour’s
resurrection(page 76)
2 Muslim, although there was
nothing particularly Muslim
about what he did or the way
they lived. Sometimes he told
them what it meant to be a
Muslim, the Pillars of Islam, as
he called them, praying, fasting,
giving alms, going on the
pilgrimage to Mecca, although
he never did any of those things
himself. He told them the story
of Muhammad (page 77)
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