11

Oral
Communication in
Context
Second Quarter
Module 1: Employing
Various Communicative
Strategies in Different
Situations
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VII, CENTRAL VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SIQUIJOR

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
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“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is created shall be
necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed through the initiative of the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)
of the Department of Education – Siquijor Division.

It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the source must be clearly acknowledged. The
material may be modified for the purpose of translation into another language but the original work must be
acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including the creation of an edited version, supplementary work or an
enhancement of it are permitted provided that the original work is acknowledged and the copyright is attributed.
No work may be derived from this material for commercial purposes and profit.

Borrowed materials (i.e. songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate
and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Neri C. Ojastro

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Edmark Ian L. Cabio
Development Team of the Learning Module

Writer: Julius Marvin L. Moradas

Evaluators: Chona B. Aque, Carren C. Daug, Johna T. Laranjo, and Joel E. Pabinguit

Management Team: Dr. Marlou S. Maglinao

Curriculum Implementation Division – Chief

Maria Enin R. Cuevas

Education Program Supervisor (English)

Edesa T. Calvadores
Education Program Supervisor (LRMS)
Printed in the Philippines by___________________________
Department of Education – Region VII, Central Visayas, Division of Siquijor
Office Address: Larena, Siquijor
Telephone No.: (035) 377-2034-2038
E-mail Address: deped.siquijor@deped.gov.ph
 11

Oral
Communication in
Context
Second Quarter
Module 1: Employing
Various Communicative
Strategies in Different
Situations
 INTRODUCTION

This module is written in support of the K to 12 Basic Education

Program to ensure attainment of standards expected of you as a learner.

This aims to equip you with essential knowledge to employ various

communicative strategies in different situations.

This includes the following activities/tasks:

 Expected Learning Outcome - This lays out the learning outcome

that you are expected to have accomplished at the end of the module.

 Pre-test - This determines your prior learning on the particular

lesson you are about to take.

 Discussion of the Lesson - This provides you with the important

knowledge, principles, and attitude that will help you meet the
expected learning outcome.

 Learning Activities - These provide you with the application of the

knowledge and principles you have gained from the lesson and
enable you to further enhance your skills as you carry out prescribed
tasks.

 Post-test - This evaluates your overall understanding about the

module.

With the different activities provided in this module, may you find this
material engaging and challenging as it develops your critical thinking
skills.
 What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

 employ various communicative strategies in different situations.

What I Know

To find out what you already know about the topic to be discussed in
this module, take the Pre-test.
A. Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the correct answer from
the given choices. Write the letter of your answer in your
notebook.
1. What strategy is used to start and maintain a conversation according to
Cohen (1990)?
a. oral strategy c. speaking strategy
b. speech strategy d. communicative strategy

For numbers 2-5

a. repair c. topic control

b. termination d. topic shifting

2. What type of communicative strategy involves moving from one topic to

another?
3. What type of communicative strategy refers to how speakers address the
problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending in a conversation?
4. What type of communicative strategy covers how procedural formality or
informality affects the development of topic in conversations?
5. What type of communicative strategy refers to the participants’ close-
initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation?

For numbers 6-8

a. nomination c. topic control

b. restriction d. turn-taking

6. What type of communicative strategy refers to any limitation you may

have as a speaker in communication?
7. What type of communicative strategy collaboratively and productively
establish a topic?
8. What type of communicative strategy pertains to the process by which
people decide who takes the conversational floor?

B. Directions: Read each item carefully. Write T if the statement is true

and F if the statement is false. Write your answer in your
notebook.

9. Conversation is bound by implicit rules, Cohen (1990).

10. Knowing and applying grammar appropriately is exempted in the
strategies to maintain a conversation.
11. Successful communication requires understanding of the relationship
between words and sentences and the speech acts they represent.
12. It is only when we willingly cooperate and speak in socially approved
ways that we can make a conversation meaningful.
13. In topic control, you can make yourself actively involved in the
conversation by overly dominating it by using responses like laughing.
14. In turn-taking, you may employ visual signals like a nod, a look, or a
step back, and you could accompany these signals with spoken cues.
15. In topic shifting, you may use effective conversational transitions to
indicate a shift like “To start with,” “In the beginning,” “Moving on,” and
the like.
16. In turn-taking, the primary idea is to give one communicator a chance
to speak the entire conversation.

What’s In

Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the correct answer from the
given choices. Write the letter of your answer in your notebook.

1. Which of the following is an expressive type of illocutionary act?

a. bidding c. promising
b. blessing d. thanking
2. Which of the following is not a directive type of illocutionary act?
a. asking c. ordering
b. begging d. suggesting
3. What utterance a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect?
a. speech c. speech style
b. speech act d. speech action
4. What verbs execute the speech act that they intend to effect?
a. perform c. performation
b. performance d. performatives
For numbers 5-7

a. speech act c. locutionary act

b. perlocutionary d. illocutionary act

5. What type of speech act refers to the social function of what is said?
6. What type of speech act refers to the resulting act of what is said?
7. What type of speech act refers to the actual act of uttering?

For numbers 8-10

a. concluding c. planning
b. firing d. requesting

8. Which one is a sample of commissive illocutionary act?

9. Which one is a sample of directive illocutionary act?
10. Which one is a sample of assertive illocutionary act?

Directions: Look at the pictures of Siquijor tourists’ spots closely. Then,

answer the questions on the next page.
Questions:

1. Which is the most captivating tourist spot in Siquijor? Give your

reason.
2. How would you describe the place?
3. Have you been in this place?
4. How did you find the place? (google map or instruction from a
person)
5. Did you find the place through asking directions from persons? If
yes, how did you approach and ask them?

What Is It?

People communicate every day to establish and maintain

relationships, know and understand themselves, and find meaning in the
daily grind. Moreover, since humans are social beings who survive more
effectively through sensible discourses, they are always driven to learn the
skills of creating and sustaining meaningful conversations. Successful
communication requires understanding of the relationship between words
and sentences and the speech acts they represent. However, a conversation
may be complex at times; that is why some people get lost along the way
and misunderstand each other. It is only when we willingly cooperate and
speak in socially approved ways that we can make a conversation
meaningful.

Types of Communicative Strategy

Since engaging in conversation is also bound by implicit rules, Cohen
(1990) states that strategies must be used to start and maintain a
conversation. Knowing and applying grammar appropriately is one of the
most basic strategies to maintain a conversation. The following are some
strategies that people use when communicating.

1. Nomination
A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and
productively establish a topic. Basically, when you employ this
strategy, you try to open a topic with the people you are talking to.
When beginning a topic in a conversation, especially if it does not
arise from a previous topic, you may start off with news inquiries
and news announcements as they promise extended talk. Most
importantly, keep the conversational environment open for
opinions until the prior topic shuts down easily and initiates a
smooth end. This could efficiently signal the beginning of a new
topic in the conversation.
 Examples
"What did you like about today's activity?"
"I heard the accident happened to you. Can you tell me about
it?"

2. Restriction
Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may
have as a speaker. When communicating in the classroom, in a
meeting, or while hanging out with your friends, you are typically
given specific instructions that you must follow. These
instructions confine you as a speaker and limit what you can say.
For example, in your class, you might be asked by your teacher to
brainstorm on peer pressure or deliver a speech on digital natives.
In these cases, you cannot decide to talk about something else.
On the other hand, conversing with your friends during ordinary
days can be far more casual than these examples. Just the same,
remember to always be on point and avoid sideswiping from the
topic during the conversation to avoid communication breakdown.

Examples
 Class report on a certain topic, and you are the presenter.
 Limiting a question to specific answers, ex. "Is it raining
outside? "(yes/no)

3. Turn-taking
Sometimes people are given unequal opportunities to talk
because others take much time during the conversation. Turn-
taking pertains to the process by which people decide who takes
the conversational floor. There is a code of behavior behind
establishing and sustaining a productive conversation, but the
primary idea is to give all communicators a chance to speak.

Remember to keep your words relevant and reasonably short

enough to express your views or feelings. Try to be polite even if
you are trying to take the floor from another speaker. Do not hog
the conversation and talk incessantly without letting the other
party air out their own ideas. To acknowledge others, you may
employ visual signals like a nod, a look, or a step back, and you
could accompany these signals with spoken cues such as “What
do you think?” or “You wanted to say something?”

Examples
 "Please hear me out, I need to tell you something"
 “I want to eat sea foods for lunch. How about you?”

4. Topic Control
Topic control covers how procedural formality or informality
affects the development of topic in conversations. For example, in
meetings, you may only have a turn to speak after the chairperson
 directs you to do so. Contrast this with a casual conversation with
friends over lunch or coffee where you may take the
conversational floor anytime. Remember that regardless of the
formality of the context, topic control is achieved cooperatively.
This only means that when a topic is initiated, it should be
collectively developed by avoiding unnecessary interruptions and
topic shifts. You can make yourself actively involved in the
conversation without overly dominating it by using minimal
responses like “Yes,” “Okay,” “Go on”; asking tag questions to
clarify information briefly and even by laughing!

Examples
 "We need to work together for this project. William, you're
good in making good visuals, yes? Are you interested to do
it for us? "
 “You are excited, aren’t you?”

5. Topic Shifting
Topic shifting, as the name suggests, involves moving from one
topic to another. In other words, it is where one part of a
conversation ends and where another begins. When shifting from
one topic to another, you have to be very intuitive. Make sure that
the previous topic was nurtured enough to generate adequate
views. You may also use effective conversational transitions to
indicate a shift like “By the way,” “In addition to what you said,”
“Which reminds me of,” and the like.

Examples
 "Speaking of summer, do you even feel how hot it is
outside?"
 Money is really an issue to anybody. By the way, how much
is your debt to me?

6. Repair
Repair refers to how speakers address the problems in
speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may encounter
in a conversation. For example, if everybody in the conversation
seems to talk at the same time, give way and appreciate other’s
initiative to set the conversation back to its topic. Repair is the
self-righting mechanism in any social interaction (Schegloff et al,
1977). If there is a problem in understanding the conversation,
speakers will always try to address and correct it. Although this is
the case, always seek to initiate the repair.

Examples
 "We should take this moment as learning opportunity. Let's
take a note regarding this matter."
 "I'm sorry, could you repeat your question please? I didn't
hear it quite clearly. Thanks"
 7. Termination
Termination refers to the conversation participants’ close-
initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation. Most of
the time, the topic initiator takes responsibility to signal the end
of the discussion as well. Although not all topics may have clear
ends, try to signal the end of the topic through concluding cues.
You can do this by sharing what you learned from the
conversation. Aside from this, soliciting agreement from the other
participants usually completes the discussion of the topic
meaningfully.

Examples
 "Yup, got it. I'll meet you there, bye!"
 "That's all for today's topic, I’ll see you next week."

What’s More

Directions: Look at the pictures. The given picture are Filipino movie
dialogues where various communicative strategies were
employed in one conversation. Observe the scenes and evaluate
the effect of the strategy applied to the conversation and to the
characters.

List your evaluations in the table that follows.

Scenes
and Dia-
logues
from
Movies
 Communicative Effect on the Effect on the Character
Strategy Applied Conversation

The conversation is The characters

Turn-taking emotionally emotionally expressed
expressed and flows their feelings in their
smoothly with turns to speak.
understanding.

Scenes
and Dia-
logues
from
Movies

Communicative Effect on the Effect on the Character

Strategy Applied Conversation
 Scenes
and Dia-
logues
from
Movies

Communicative Effect on the Effect on the Character

Strategy Applied Conversation

What I Have Learned

I learned that engaging in a conversation is bound by implicit rules.

Cohen (1990) states that strategies must be used to start and maintain a
conversation. Knowing and applying grammar appropriately is one of the
most basic strategies to maintain a conversation. Further, I learned the
following about speech act:

 I learned the seven types of communicative strategy namely:

 - nomination collaboratively and productively establish a topic;
- restriction refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker;
- turn-taking pertains to the process by which people decide who
takes the conversational floor;
- topic control covers how procedural formality or informality affects
the development of topic in conversations;
- topic shifting involves moving from one topic to another;
- repair refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking,
listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a
conversation; and
- termination refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating
expressions that end a topic in a conversation.
 Communicative strategies use signal words or cues.
 Communicative strategies make the conversation better.
 Successful communication requires understanding of the relationship
between words and sentences and the speech acts they represent.
 It is only when we willingly cooperate and speak in socially approved
ways that we can make a conversation meaningful.

What I Can Do

Create a tourism commercial of Siquijor. Plan and present a tourism

commercial in a form of short video clip or a concise brochure. Mention the
things that make the tourist spot a dream destination. Remember, this
activity will help you practice making positive statements about a vacation
site and responding to how people see this place differently. For video clip,
send it to your subject teacher through messenger, or e-mail.

When writing your script for the commercial, answer these 10 guide
questions.
• Why do tourists visit this place?
• What do many visitors like to do here?
• What would be best for a day trip?
• What should one do for a good night out?
• Where can visitors get the best food?
• Where can visitors buy their souvenirs?
• What outdoor activities are famous?
• What is amazing about the weather?
• What is the best thing to do here during summer?
• What do tourists say about this vacation spot?
 Travel Brochure Rubric

5 pts 4 pts 3 pts 1-2 pt(s)

Excellent Good Satisfactory Needs
Improvement
The brochure The brochure The brochure The
has excellent has has some brochure’s
formatting appropriate organized format and
Organiza- organized formatting information organization
tion information. and well- with random of material are
organized formatting. confusing to
information. the reader.
The brochure The brochure The brochure The brochure
communicates communicates communicates communicates
relevant relevant some relevant relevant
information information information to information
Ideas appropriately appropriately the intended appropriately
and effectively to the audience. to the
to the intended intended
intended audience. audience.
audience.
All of the Most of the Some of the Most of the
writings are in writings are in writings are in writings are
complete complete complete not in
Conven- sentences and sentences and sentences and complete
correct correct correct sentences and
tions
grammar grammar grammar commits
throughout throughout throughout grammatical
the brochure. the brochure. the brochure. errors
throughout
the brochure.
The graphics The graphics The graphics The graphics
go well with go well with go well with do not go with
the text and the text but the text but the
Graphics there is a there so many there are too accompanying
good mix of distractions few presented. text or appear
text and included. to be
graphics. randomly
chosen.

Rubric for Video Project

5 pts 4 pts 3 pts 1-2 pt(s)

Excellent Good Satisfactory Needs
Improvement
The video The video The video The video
Concept clearly demonstrates demonstrates does not
 demonstrates a key concepts. a previous demonstrate a
key concept. concept. clear concept.
The quality and
The quality The quality The quality
materials in the
and materials and materials and materials
video are very
in the video in the video in the video
Design well organized
adequately lacked some are not
and organized and organization organized and
understandable.
somewhat and 50% lack clarity.
clear. clear.
Use complete Mostly use Some use Mostly used
sentences and complete complete are not in
correct sentences and sentences and complete
grammar correct correct sentences and
Conven- throughout the grammar grammar commits
tions video throughout throughout grammatical
presentation. the video the video errors
presentation. presentation. throughout
the video
presentation.
Final product Final product Final product Final product
looks looks decent l required looks
professional and the more unrefined and
Final and the concepts were revisions and the concepts
Product concepts were somewhat the concepts were not
visibly demonstrated. were not demonstrated.
demonstrated. clearly
demonstrated.

Assessment
Post-test

A. Directions: Choose the correct employment of communicative strategy

on the given situation in each number. Write the letter that
corresponds to your answer in your notebook.

1. You want to end the conversation with your friends because you
have chores to do at home. How will you employ termination in the
conversation?
a. “I am sorry guys but it was my mistake.”
b. “I need to go home early for I have more works to do. Bye!”
c. “Do you have more chores at home? Can you tell me some?”
d. “I really can’t forget those memories. Could you still remember
those?
2. You want to approach your teacher and explain the reason behind
your absences. How will you employ nomination in the situation?
a. “Please excuse me ma’am. I wanted to talk with you regarding
with my absences.”
b. “I have absences because of my asthma. Have you experienced
asthma attack ma’am?”
c. “Asthmatic attack is really dangerous ma’am. I learned to
become cautious with it.”
d. “Please excuse me ma’am. Can I talk with you regarding with
my absences some other time?”
3. You are asked by your teacher to explain the reason behind your
cutting classes. How will you employ restriction in the situation?
a. “I will never have cutting classes.”
b. “I will be present starting today and never do cutting classes”
c. “I must avoid cutting classes because my grades are going low.”
d. “I have cutting classes these few days because of my
toothache.”
4. You and your groupmates find a hard time making your project
because they are all talking at the same time. How will you employ
repair in the situation?
a. “Your idea is good but I have a better one.”
b. “I already give my idea. It is up to you if you will consider it or
not.”
c. “We should better end this conversation and continue this work
tomorrow.
d. “Excuse me? I think we should speak one at a time, so we can
clearly understand what we want to say about our project.”
5. You and your friend give each other’s suggestion on the birthday
surprise of your younger sister. How will you employ turn-taking in
the situation?
a. “Let us talk this in a private place.”
b. “Now, it’s your turn to give your suggestion.”
c. Suggest at the same time so that ideas will be discussed
thoroughly.
d. “I am not in the mood to give suggestions. You can go on with
your ideas for the surprise party.”
6. You want to divert the topic because you don’t like to discuss your
past relationships. How will you employ topic shifting in the
situation?
a. “Past relationships carry lessons. Can you share your
experience?”
b. “Past relationships really annoy me. Let us end this
conversation.”
c. “Past relationships are unforgettable. They make us stronger
and become a better person.”
d. “Past relationships are just memories with lessons but what
matters most is to focus with the present life.”
 7. You teacher asked you to give one essential lesson you gained from
the discussion. How will you employ restriction in the situation?
a. “I am sorry ma’am but I wasn’t able to follow your discussion.”
b. “Can you ask someone else ma’am? I need to go to the comfort
room.”
c. “One of the essential lessons I gained from the discussion is the
importance of sports and wellness for a healthy lifestyle.”
d. “One of the essential lessons I gained from the discussion is
the importance of sports and wellness for a healthy lifestyle but
I think others have better answers.”
8. You want to talk about the president’s latest State of the Nation
Address (SONA). How will you employ nomination in the situation?
a. “Have you heard the President’s speech about the latest
achievement of our government?”
b. “The president’s speech address did not talk more on the
COVID-19. Now, it’s your turn to share your opinion.”
c. “To better understand the president’s speech, let us listen to
the opinion of our mayor.”
d. “The president’s speech is transparent and informative.”

B. Directions: Identify the type of communicative strategy in each number.

Choose your answer from the pool of words/phrases
inside the box. Write the letter of your answer in your
notebook.

a. nomination e. topic control

b. repair f. topic shifting
c. restriction g. turn-taking
d. termination

9. “Hey, how are you? I missed you!”

10. “Best regards to your parents! See you around!”
11. “Go on with your ideas. I’ll let you finish first before I say
something.”
12. “The most significant part of the lesson is to unconditionally love
your parents.”
13. “Do not answer in chorus, please raise your hand to be
acknowledged.”
14. “The 2nd periodic examination is fast approaching. By the way,
have you made your projects?”
15. “I’m sorry. It was my big mistake.”
16. “It was nice to meet you. Bye!”
References
“9 SIQUIJOR TOURIST SPOTS / THINGS TO DO / COASTAL TOUR.”
Digital Image. toponmylist.com. August 3, 2020.
https://www.toponmylist.com/things-to-do-in-siquijor/

“18 memorable lines from “The Hows of Us” that make it uber rewatchable.”
Digital Image. abs-cbn.com. April 24, 2019. August 3, 2020.
https://www.abs-cbn.com/newsroom/listicles/2019/4/24/18-
memorable-lines-from-the-hows-of-us?lang=en

“30 Greatest Quotes And Hugot Lines From Filipino Movies.” Digital Image.
August 3, 2020. https://hubpages.com/entertainment/30-Greatest-
Quotes-From-Filipino-Movies

“The best of Siquijor Island with (or without) kids! – Mumpack Travel.”
Digital Image. mumpacktravel.com. January 25,2020. August 3,
2020.https://www.mumpacktravel.com/the-best-of-siquijor-island-
with-or-without-kids/

“Century Old Balete Tree / Siquijor Island Navi.” Digital Image.

islandnavi.com. islandnavi.com. http://siquijor.islandnavi.com/?p=54

Mervz. “SIQUIJOR ITINERARY: Things to Do in Siquijor + Tourist Spots

and Attractions.” Digital Image. Pinoy Adventurista.com. August 3,
2020. https://www.pinoyadventurista.com/2017/11/top-best-things-
to-do-in-siquijor-tourist-spots-attractions.html.

Sipacio, Philippe John Fresnillo and Balgos Anne Richie Garcia. Oral
Communication in Context for Senior High School. Quezon City: C & E
Publishing, Inc., 2016.

“SIQUIJOR – 9 X Best Things To Do in Siquijor (Siquijor Tourist

Attractions).” Digital Image. saltinourhair.com August 3, 2020.
https://www.saltinourhair.com/philippines/siquijor/

“Siquijor’s Other Tourist Attractions – jiyon the soloist.” Digital Image.

jiyonthesoloist.wordpress.com. August 14, 2017. August 3, 2020.
https://jiyonthesoloist.wordpress.com/2017/08/14/siquijors-other-
tourist-attractions/

“Travel Brochure Rubric.” pinterest.ph. August 3, 2020.

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/447123069233693056/