CAUSES OF DETERIORATION IN ACADEMIC STATUS

OF GRADE 9 STUDENTS IN BALAS BUCO STA. MARIA

NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

A Concept Paper Presented to

The Faculty of the College Department
TANAUAN INSTITUTE, INC.
Tanauan City

In partial fulfillment of requirements

in the Degree Bachelor of Secondary Education
Major in English
for the Language Research- MSE14

Liseo V. Vergara, DEM

Professor

By:
Cacao, Ivy Diane E.
Enriquez, Ryan Patrick C.
Petate, Jean C.
Ricalde, May R.

April 2018
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This research will not have been possible without the support and contribution of

the people behind the researchers. Thanks to their language Research professor, Liseo

V. Vergara, DEM, who guided them in conducting this study

To Tanauan Institute, Inc. for giving them the opportunity to conduct a research

study which helped them to deepen their understanding with current situations.

To their parents who tirelessly supported them financially and morally.

To the panelist, Mr. Julius Javier, for his corrections and scholarly suggestions

that further improve the study.

And above all, to Almighty God, who gave them courage, wisdom and knowledge

to accomplish this study.

DEDICATION

The researchers dedicate this study to God Almighty, the source of inspiration,

wisdom, knowledge and understanding.

To their parents, who loved them unconditionally and taught them to work hard

for the things that they aspire to achieve.

To their friends, Team Tagumpay, who have been there to encourage and cheer

them up always. Thank you!

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………………………. i

Dedication …………………………………………………………………………….. ii

Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………. iii

Chapter I: The Problem and It’s Background

Introduction ………………………………………………………………….... 1

Theoretical Framework ……………………………………………………… 4

Statement of the Problem …………………………………………………… 7

Hypothesis ……………………………………………………………..……... 7

Scope and Limitation of the Study …………………………………………. 7

Significance of the Study ……………………………………………............ 8

Definition of Terms ………………………………………………….............. 8

Chapter II: Review of Related Literature

Foreign Literature …………………………………………………………… 11

Local Literature ……………………………………………………………… 12

Foreign Studies ……………………………………………………………… 19

Local Studies ………………………………………………………………… 22

Synthesis …………………………………………………………………...... 28

Chapter III: Research Methodology

Research design ……………………………………………………............ 30

Respondent of the Study …………………………………………………... 31

 Research Locale ……………………………………………………………. 31

Research Instrument ……………………………………………………….. 32

Validity of research Instrument ……………………………………………. 33

Reliability of Research Instrument ……………………………………….. 33

Data Gathering Procedures ……………………………………………..... 34

Statistical Treatment of Data ………………………………………………. 34

BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………………......... 36

APPENDICES

Research Instrument

Curriculum Vitae

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Education is one of the main foundation for child’s development and also for

national human resource development. In all life’s endeavors there always successes

and failures. Since the early 20th century, there has been concern in understanding why
some children had difficulty learning. Failure in school can have life-long consequences.

The causes of school failures are myriad and often multiple within individual students

who are struggling academically. Social, behavioral and emotional problem frequently

lead to academic difficulties.

According to Merriam Webster, deterioration means the action or process of

becoming impaired or inferior equality, functioning, or condition. It is the act or process

of becoming worse.

Academic performances refers to the degree of a student’s accomplishment his

or her tasks and studies. Measuring of academic performances of students are

challenging since that it needs to attain the goal of learning. Academic performance,

including academic failure, is often viewed in narrow terms, as an individual behavior

limited to the early life course. The task should be completed for the students to avoid

poor academic performances that may lead to student’s deterioration. On the individual

level, academic struggles predict short term problem behavior and drop outs derail

educational and occupational trajectories well into adulthood. (Crosnoe 2002b; Miller

1998) Low performing students are less likely to graduate from high school and less

likely to go to college than other students, subsequently high school drop outs.

(Cameron & Heckman 1993) Academic failure includes various aspects such as

frequent absents from classes, dropping out, repeating the grade or lower quality of

education. UNESCO attributes the concept of academic failure to repeating the grade,

early drop out and decline quality of learners. Students’ academic failure and drop out

cause challenges and problems for the students themselves along with enormous loses

for the country. Thus, increasing the quality of educational system is considered the

most influential factors in developing the countries; this is because students achieved a

position as a result of their academic success in which their maximum internal and

external forces are used for achieving goals of higher education in obtaining necessary
conditions for successful social life. It is generally assumed that the students who

shared better or higher performance in the starting classes of their studies also

performed better in the future academic years at degree level. It is also assumed that

children learning outcome and educational performance are strongly affected by the

standard and type of educational institution in which students get their education

Educational research has identified numerous family, peer, and economic factors

that contribute to academic failure (Schneider and Coleman 1993;Steinberg et al. 1996).

Often lost in this inquiry, however, is consideration of physical and mental health
problems for academic performance in secondary school. The relative lack of attention

to health is unfortunate given that related literatures strongly suggest the possibility that

health problems disrupt academic functioning.

This study will give importance to the inconsistencies of student’s performances

that would affect their perceptions as a learner and as an individual. This will give focus

to the causes that may affect deterioration in the academic performances of the

learners. It benefits the students, the teachers, the parents and the school heads to

have the knowledge and awareness on how the academic performances affect the

students.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This study is based on some theories related to the causes of deterioration in

academic performances of students particularly in gender, personality characteristics,

finances, and etcetera.

The three interrelated theories that contextualize student retention and factors

affecting the academic performance of students for this study are those of Spady

(1970), Tinto (1975) and Bean (1980). Tinto’s (1975) theory on the academic and social

integration of university students forms the basis of this study because firstly it has laid

a foundation for research on retention of students in higher education; and secondly its

methodological approach to student retention is broad-based, focusing on individual

characteristics prior to entering university, the students’ experience upon entering the

university and the effect of external factors that interfere with students’ academic

performance.

In Spady’s sociological theory, the student’s attributes such as attitudes, skills

and interests are exposed to influences, expectations and demands of university. Linked

to this process are variables that promote the academic and social integration of

students in higher education. These variables are family background, academic

potential, normative congruence, grade performance, intellectual development and peer

support. All these variables are further linked to two other variables namely satisfaction
with the university environment and institutional commitment (Spady 1970,77)

Tinto’s integration theory. This theory is based on the assertion that the likelihood

that an individual will commit suicide is predicted by the level of integration into society.

A further revision of this theory in 1993 added other variables affecting the social and

academic integration of students. These variables are adjustment, difficulty,

incongruence, isolation, finance, learning and external obligations or commitments of

the students in the university.

In 1980, Bean developed the psychological theory of student retention by

asserting that the background characteristics of students must be taken into

consideration in order to understand their integration into a new university environment.

The attrition of these students is mostly affected by the external environment variables

such as family responsibilities, finances and outside encouragements.

This study will use the Input, Process, Output (IPO) model where it consist of

three boxes.

This is shown in Figure 1, the research paradigm of the study.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

The Profile of • Questionnaire
Students on the causes
of deterioration
• Age in academic
• Gender performances of
grade 9
Academic Status of students in
the Students BBSMNHS
• Distribution,
retrieval and
analysis of
questionnaire.
• Application of
the appropriate
statistical
treatment on the
data gathered.
• Analysis and
Interpretation of
data.

Paradigm of the Study

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to identify the causes of deterioration in academic performances

of grade 9 students in BBSMNHS.

Specifically, the study will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What are the profile/background of grade 9 students in BBSMNHS in terms of;

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

2. What are the academic status of the students in BBSMNHS?

3. Is there any relationship between the profile and academic status of students that
makes their performance deteriorate?

4. What are the causes of deterioration in academic performances of grade 9 students

in BBSMNHS?

5. Based on the analysis, what intervention plan can be proposed?

HYPOTHESIS

There is no significant between the profile and the academic status of grade 9

students in BBSMNHS.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is significant to students, teachers, parents, curriculum planners and

educational researchers.

Students. They will become more aware and informed about the reasons why they

experience poor performances academically.

Teachers. The teachers will be more strategic in their way of teaching so that they can

monitor the student’s performances.

Parents. They can be more cognizant of their responsibilities to guide and support their

children’s educational endeavors and make them tread the paths of success through

improving their varied skills and competencies essential in educational activities.

School Heads. This study will provide them with a tool to assess how the performance

of the students deteriorate.

Curriculum Planners. The result of this study can be used primarily as a guide in

curriculum under taking where the main focus is to lessen the number of students who

experience deterioration in their academic performances.

Educational Researchers. The result of this study will be of great help in conducting

research in the causes of deterioration in academic performances of students. They

may also use this study for reference purposes.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The scope of this study is to know the academic status and the profile of grade 9

students in BBSMNHS and has been limited to those students who are experiencing

deterioration in academic performances.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

ACADEMIC DIFFICULTIES. Difficulty involving a disappointing grade or personal

circumstances that greatly impacted their academics

ACADEMIC FAILURE. Means lack of success in education and leads to the loss of

higher education costs and social and economic losses. In this study, the viewpoints of

students on the factors which affect academic failure were studied.

ACADEMIC INTEGRATION. A measure of the general expansion of the individual’s

intellectual breadth and scope, of the person’s ability to think systematically and 49

critically, and of his stimulation in his academic coursework

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCES- refer to the degree of a student’s accomplishment his

or her tasks and studies. Measuring of academic performances of students are

challenging since that it needs to attain the goal of learning

AWARENESS. Knowing and understanding a lot about what Is happening in the world

or around you.

BEHAVIOR. The way a person or animal acts or behaves.

BBSMNHS. Balas Buco Sta. Maria National High School. The chosen school in

conducting the study.

DEGREE. An academic title conferred on students by college, university, or a

professional school on competition of a program of study.

DETERIORATION- means the action or process of becoming impaired or inferior

equality, functioning, or condition. It is the act or process of becoming worse.

DISRUPT. To cause something unable to continue in the normal way, to interrupt the

normal progress or activity of something.

DROP OUT. Leaving high school, college, university or another group for practical

reasons, necessities, or disillusionment with the system from which the individual in

question leaves.

EDUCATIONAL TRAJECTORIES. Refer to a set of transitions between educational

levels and institutions

FAILURES. State or condition of not meeting a desirable or intended objective, and may

be viewed as the opposite of success.

GRADE 9 STUDENTS. The respondents of the study.

INTERVENTION PLAN. Activities or plans that you would use to help students become

successful in their classwork or decrease negative behavior towards others.

KNOWLEDGE. Information, understanding, or skill that you get from experience or

education.

LEARNERS. A person who is learning a subject or skill.

PERCEPTIONS. The state of being or process of becoming aware of something
through the senses.
SOCIAL INTEGRATION. Refers to the principles by which individuals or actors

SUCCESS. The accomplishment of an aim or purpose.

UNESCO. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Encourages international peace and universal respect for human rights by promoting

collaboration among nations. Its mission is to contribute to the building of peace, the

eradication of poverty, sustainable development and intercultural dialogue

.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

This chapter presents local and foreign studies and literature which are the

related and provided insights to the present study. They are herein to give light on the

relevance of the investigation done.

A. Related Literature

Foreign Literature

According to Byrd (2008) health conditions can also impair academic

performance. One in five children who repeat a grade in school has some identifiable

disability. Social, behavioral, and emotional problems frequently lead to academic

difficulties. Children who fail in school are more likely to engage in sub sequent health

impairing behavior as adolescents. School failure can impair a child’s health. Impaired

health can contribute to school failure, but social, behavioral, and emotional problems

often contribute more significantly to academic difficulties. Failure usually does not

result directly from a single factor, but rather from a combination of multiple risk factors.

Pediatric primary care clinicians can work to improve educational and health outcomes

through coordination with children, families, and schools in the assessment of and

intervention for failing children. Retention alone rarely is the solution to academic failure.

Recognition of a failing child’s talents may provide strengths to build on in developing an

educational plan. Earlier assessments and school readiness promotion could help to

prevent school failure.

Crede and Kuncel (2008) found that non-cognitive factors like study habit, skill

and study motivation, among other attitudinal constructs, accounted for incremental
variance in academic performance beyond standardized test and previous grades. Non-

cognitive skills are those attitudes, behaviours, and strategies which facilitate success in

school and workplace, such as motivation, perseverance, and self-control.

According to Stachel (2015) there are so much to consider when accounting for

differences in academic performance. 1.) The fit between teacher and student,

personality wise; 2.) A student’s strength and challenges as they relate to the subject

matter; 3.) A teacher’s skill in presenting material and developing assignments that

encourage deep understanding of a given topic. As the list reveals, it’s not just the
teacher’s ability to instruct or to be warm or fuzzy.

Olajire (2016) stated that Poor academic performance is one of the greatest

concerns of parents over their children. This is one of the reasons why parents employ

home teachers for their children or even change their children’s incessantly in hope that

things will change. Moreover, teachers are not also pleased by when their students

don’t perform well academically. There is a saying which goes does “the success of a

teacher depends on the success of his/her students”. Therefore, it is important that

parents, teachers, and students spot the cause(s) of poor academic performance before

any action can be taken to solve the problem.

Nagaraju (2008) pointed out that for good academic success, good study habits

and attitudes are important. Hence, it is imperative and desirable that a probe into the

pattern of study habits and attitudes of students be made.

According to Ansa (2016) there are several causes leading to poor academic

performance in school. If these causes are not dealt with, such students would continue

to swim in poor performance. Due to these inability factors, many students never

excelled in class; they feel relaxed taking distance position in their classes. Some of the

factors that affect students’ academic performance are: Slothfulness where some
students are so lazy and sluggish to devote proper time to their studies. Improper

timetable which often results in outright failure or average performance. Inadequate

study time is common occurrence among students of today. They have no time to

thoroughly study their books. Financial constraint is one of the factors inhibiting

students’ performance in their studies. When there is no money to buy textbooks and

other study materials needed to reach the pinnacle of success, outcome is often an

average performance. Unavailability of study materials would certainly impede students’

progress. Doubt is a giant that stays on the border of the promise land (success) to
terrify and make students who are marching on to success afraid. Doubt defeats the

belief system and desire for success and as such, success is hindered. Students who

are discouraged are bound to fail. Discouragement set in when there are problems in

the lives of the students. This will often lead to failure or poor performance in the lives of

students. When doubts and discouragement set in, then students will certainly be in

despair which will greatly obstruct progress in life and confines one to average

performance and failure.

According to Topor (2010) parent involvement in a child’s education is

consistently found to positively associate with a child’s academic performance. Results

indicated a statistically significant association between parent involvement and child’s

academic performance over above the impact of the child’s intelligence. The quality of

the student- teacher relationship fully mediated the students’ academic performance.

UK Essay (2015) stated that the motivation of students is one of the important

issues in higher education, particularly owing to importance of academic performance in

their professional life and also it focused on identifying the factors that will help

educational thinkers to know students' attitudes towards learning, what hinders and

what facilitates learning in the process of learning. Student motivation is the element

that leads students' attitude towards learning process. Number of studies has been
conducted to probe the role of student motivation toward academic performance and

different definitions of students' motivation have been used by various researches.

Intrinsic motivation: A student is intrinsically motivated when he/she is motivated from

surrounded by: Intrinsically motivated students enthusiastically engage themselves in

learning out of peculiarity, attention, happiness or in order to achieve their own scholarly

and personal aims.

Kurtus (2012) explained that having poor grades can cause the academic

performance of students to deteriorate. He stated that external factors such as subject

matter is too, difficult, the teach is hard to understand can be the reason why students

get poor grades. Other reasons have to do with poor attitudes and some related issues

such as, test anxiety and problems in concentrating. Moreover, he added that students

have been getting poor grades and see the reason for it, he/she can try to rectify the

situation and get back on the right track.

According to Cohen et.al (2009) that teachers and school systems that are

simultaneously demanding and supportive of all students achieve the best and most

equal results not demanding much academically and have poor results with a wide gap

between the strong and weak results. He suggested both investigating more of PISA

participating counties as well as particularly looking at countries with high academic

performance such as Japan and Korea.

Local Literature

Pena and Anudin (2016) explained that Group cooperation through discussions

posters a competitive facet to learning that could encourage students to try and strive

harder to get results. Teamwork and shared support among students are reassured. It

also provides an opportunity to show thought practices of other people and their skills in

problem solving that may he’ll students develop their own reasoning abilities
 Astodello (2016) stated that since students are highly motivated to using social

media sites the majority of them use these to satisfy their social needs more than their

academic needs. They have the freedom to do whatever they want – they can upload or

download data, they can make new friends and comment on other people’s lives, and

they can even create other online identities the real world does not allow. It has been

observed too that the majority of the students nowadays, particularly those in the

secondary level, spend most of their time chatting with their acquaintances, playing

online games, and watching videos instead of reading their lessons, making their
assignments, and other academic requirements. The main reason is when they work or

search their materials online they get attracted to social networking sites to kill boredom

during study time, diverting their attention from their work. The darker side of this that

has gained the attention of many parents is that some students are getting lazier and

are no longer interested in going to school. This is probably due to being extensively

indulged to get global access and therefore leading them to perform less academically.

He added, the use of social media sites had affected the academic performance of

students negatively, there is a need to introduce the students other information

resources or materials that would motivate and help them perform well in their

academics.

Dela Cruz (2009) Nutritionist talked about balance diet for good reason. Many of

the essential nutrient the body depends on home work best in combination. This is the

primary needs of the students in order to perform better in school.

Meera et. Al (2008) studied classroom learning environment and self-esteem as

correlates achievements of school studies and found that the achievement in school

studies for boys vary with regard to difference in their classroom learning environment.

Garcia (2017) said that there are several factors affecting the students’ academic

performance. Some are home, school, teacher and student factors. However, the
student himself or herself contributes to the case particularly the peer group influence. It

reflects the student’s values and priorities when it comes to the life’s choices. She also

pointed out the geographic location of the school as another factor that affects the

student’s performance. Student’s effort, initiative and learning preferences must also be

put into the limelight. Therefore, these factors provide some ideas for some tangible

measure to understand the issue.

Andaya (2014) stressed the teachers have an important influence on student’s

academic achievement. Student’s performance is naturally considered a critical aspect

for many educators. She found out that individual factors and instructional factors are

predictors of academic performance is instructional factors followed by assessment

factors.

Richmond Vale Academy (2016) explained that children who grow up poor are

more prone to externalizing disorders. Poverty places people at a disadvantage that is

not only environmental, but also physical and psychological. It affects people’s health,

how they interact with each other and how they react to external stimuli. It even affects

how and why they prioritize certain things, and their academic performance. Therefore,

poor children are at a higher risk of exhibiting behavior issues. Poverty hinders the

parents’ ability to build a trusting environment for their children. Moreover, poor children

often lack personalized enrichment activities and got low academic performances in

school.

Ocampo (2015) Explained that there are different reasons why a learner gets

poor academic performance. One of the contributing factors is the economic status of

the family. According to Hart of Demand Media each year students attend schools that

represent a variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Socioeconomic status refers to the

level of education, income, and professionalism of an individual or group. Although

students of higher and lower socioeconomic statuses both attend school, the effect of
lower socioeconomic status on student achievement is difficult to ignore. Students of a

lower socioeconomic status often face additional challenges including a dearth of

learning resources, difficult learning conditions and poor motivation that negatively affect

their academic performance. Families with a lower socioeconomic status often struggle

with providing academic support for their children. Limited time and financial resources

make it difficult for parents to create a home-based learning environment. Parents in a

low socioeconomic household cannot afford reading materials, technology and tutors for

their children. When children do not have a positive learning environment at home, it
negatively affects their academic achievement level in school. Consequently, students

on the lower end of the socioeconomic spectrum are forced to take lower level courses

or vocational courses that do not necessarily prepare them for higher education. Lower

socioeconomic status ultimately contributes to lower academic performance and slower

rates of academic progress.

Santos (2016) Quizzes and tests, he works and projects, oral recitation, quarterly

and final exams, and grades most especially, epitomize the kind of stressors

adolescents have when it comes to studying. Although grades are not the only Gauge of

what one has learned, it is what the educational system relies on when trying to

measure one’s learning capacity. School demands and expectations can make the

students feel pressure and feeling of tension inside and outside of the school. The

acceptable levels of stress help to improve the individuals’ performance whilst excessive

amounts of stress can lead to a decreased performance. Stress has become an

important topic in academic circle as well as in our society.

Inge (2018) stated that student satisfaction is “unrelated” to learning

behavior and academic performance, a study has found. Significantly

higher student satisfaction was found in modules in which students received large

amounts of learning materials and worked through them individually, than in courses
where students had to collaborate and work together. Students who were “spoon-fed”

learning materials also spent less time in the virtual learning environment, were less

engaged, and were less likely to remain active over time than their peers engaged in

more collaborative activities.

Foreign Studies

Henderson and Bates (2009) confirmed that the family involved is a powerful

influence in students achievements in school when families are involved in their

students education they get higher grades and receive higher scores in test, attends
school regularly, complete homework demonstrate more positive.

Donka Mirtheeva (2009) some studies that the student’s attendance is closely

linked with good student’s health, thus resulting to higher academic achievement.

Alami (2016) highlighted that poor academic performance is among the main

concerns of teachers, syllabus and designers, curriculum developers and the whole

educational body. He also stated the factors involved in student achievement which

categorized into four macro groups; student- related factors, teacher- related factors

and family related- factors have the highest impact on students’ performance, teacher

related factors have the lowest effect.

S.P Singh, Malik, P. Singh (2016) on their study stated the factors influencing

students’ academic performance. The study revealed that there is a positive and

statistically significant impact of learning facilities, communication skills and proper

guidance from parents on students’ academic performance. On the other hand, other

variables such as family income, parent’s education and educator have been examined.

According to Kaklamanou et.al (2012) stated by his findings that students need to

fuel to actually make them study well and be attentive and manage the responsibility of
class. It has been discovered that skipping breakfast can adversely affect problem

solving tasks such as Mathematics grades- most of the secondary schools in

Sumbawanga district did not provide meals and breakfast to their students who are

prone to poor academic performance.

Farooa, Chaudry, Shafiq and Berhanau, 2011; Alli, Heider, Muhir, khan and

Ahmed (2013) that various studies earned out on the factor that affect students’

performance in school, colleges and universities there are, student effort, self-

motivation, social economic of the students, parents students, age, number of hours of
study per day, admission points, different entry qualifications, tuition trend and the

students area of residence.

Oghuvbu (2010) highlighted that a school is an institution designed for the

teaching of students under the direction of teachers. A school is a set up with main

purpose bringing students from different families together under one roof the classroom.

Effective teaching and learning cannot take place without the coming together of the

teacher and the learner’s student.

Mlozi et.al (2013) defines education for sustainable development has come to be

seen as a process of learning how to make decisions that consider the long term future

of the economy, ecology and communities.

URT (2010) explained that Secondary Education occupies a pivotal role in the

functioning of the economy and the education system itself. However, the current

secondary school curriculum in Tanzania is examination oriented with great emphasis

laid on passing examination at the expense of acquisition of skills, values and attitudes.

Asikhia (2010) described the poor academic performance as any performance

that falls below a desired standards. Poor academic performance can be attributed to

many factors and can be addressed using a variety of strategies. It is imperative that
educators conduct research studies on their teaching practices to find out what the

student’s needs and views are about the teaching environment.

Local Studies

Genteroy (2016) concluded that student’s absences in class is one of the

reasons why students have poor learning and school performance. The study

concluded that respondents believe that self-inquiry is the main reason for student’s

absences in class. When a student misses a day of school he/she must have lost the

chance to hear others, interpret and analyzing the lessons or joins the interaction within
the class. The students and teachers look at truancy as a hindrance to good education.

The school administration with the parents of concerned students may conduct an

effective conference dialogue with the help of the findings of their study They

recommended that teachers must also integrate the value of humility and cooperation in

the classroom activities so that students would be able to grasp the essence of

teamwork to make the classroom set-up an enjoyable environment. They added that

orientation and briefing on these students maybe be conducted to at all least they would

commit to absenteeism which leads for having poor performances with the help of their

study. Meaningful activities must be provided to sustain the student’s interest in

learning.

Perez (2008) conducted a study about analysis of factors affecting pupil’s

performance in oblate school of St. Joseph in province of Batangas. She conducted that

the home students factors identified as health habits, work values and educational

guidance have the greatest impact in the performance of the students.

Javier and Bilbao (2008) present some curricular issues and concerns regarding

curriculum innovations like: 1Issues on the varied implementations of the curriculum

among schools and teachers seem to be one of the reasons for the prevailing low
performance of schools all over the country. There is a perennial compliant about books

and other instructional materials. Overcrowded classrooms do not provide a good

learning environment. In addition, the teacher has been identified as one of the

influencing factors in the varied implementation of the curriculum. 2. Curriculum

innovations lack the sense of ownership from stakeholders. Most of the curricular

innovations are handed down from the top management. 3. Some curricular innovations

are results of bandwagon but are not well supported by managers. In the desire of some

schools to be part of the global scenario, changes and innovations are drastically
implemented even if the school is not ready. 4. Lack of regular monitoring and

evaluation. After a new curriculum has been installed, it is left unattended, Inadequate

monitoring activities to find out curricular strengths and weaknesses and problems are

being encountered. Very little means is provided to find out if the implementation is

running smoothly or not. 5. Innovations are not communicated to all. Only the managers

or proponents understand the changes.

Glasser (2009) in his work on what he deems to be the quality is cool has

created what his refers to ask the control theory. This theory is base the belief that no

one can make anyone do anything – it is the job of the teacher to make it easy for the

students to see a strong connection between what they are asked to do and what they

believe to be work doing. Glasser makes as industrial analogy between school and

workplace stating that is cool should be made relevant and interesting because bored

workers won’t produce high quality work.

Alcuizar (2016) highlighted the determinants of nutrition, family’s living condition,

parents support on their children and school factor as the causes of low academic

performance among pupils in upland barangay. She found out that the determinants of

nutrition and living condition are the most related factors investigated that have

significant effects on the low academic performance of the students. Moreover, schools
in rural areas have less support from local government for their instructional materials

and training of teachers.

Arieta, Gementiza, Saco (2017) Highlighted that study habits play a very

important role in the life of students. Success or failure of each student depends upon

his own study habits. Some students study more but they fail to achieve more. Others

study less but achieve more. Success of each student definitely depends upon ability,

intelligence and effort of students. The qualitative method is used in the study, in which

objectives are to name the factors which affect study habits of the Senior High School
students of Davao Doctors College, how study habits affect the academic performance

of the said students, and investigate the relationship between the two variables. The

primary aim of their study is to determine the respondents’ profile according to the

factors which affect the study habits, including time management, study environment,

and use of social media. Results implied that most of the respondents believe that their

study habits are affected by their time management, study environment, and use of

social media, and that these factors impact their academic performance. Another

important finding shows a high-level of Senior High School Students’ academic

performance is greatly influenced by their use of social media, which is a said factor that

affects the students’ academic performance. However, gender does not significantly

impact the factors that affect the study habits of the respondents. (Arieta, Gementiza,

Saco 2017)

According to Manarin and Nibaten (2013) learning satisfaction and academic

performance are the major criteria used to evaluate to personal satisfaction of a student

and his satisfaction toward his academic environment. Their study investigated the

potential links between students learning satisfaction and academic performance. The

result of their study indicates that there’s no significant relationship between the said

variables. The results implied that there are other factors the satisfaction of students
and their academic performance which manifested by the grades of students.

Satisfaction on the other hand has a different perspective when it comes to students.

Ejercito (2010) study aimed at finding out the teacher factors that significantly

affect the academic performance of the students at La Salle University Integrated

School. Two hundred ninety-eight students were asked to evaluate their teachers. The

correlational method of research was employed. The strengths and weaknesses of the

students identified in their study can be utilized as basis for curriculum alignment,

instructional planning to improve and enhance the learning experiences of the students
and to design remedial measures to those who showed marked deficiencies in the

different learning areas. The importance pf their study is to motivate the students to

work toward the instructional objectives. Feedback of the results can help students gain

insights into what they can do well, the misconceptions that need correction, and the

degree of skill they have in various areas. Their awareness to all of these can stimulate

them to direct their efforts toward the improvement of their performance. They found out

that teachers’ teaching artistry and teaching skills do not correlate with students’

academic performance. To raise the achievement level of the students, it is necessary

that the school’s curriculum be thoroughly checked and reviewed to ensure that the

contents, objectives, learning activities, and the system of evaluation meet the required

standards. The faculty, being the key factor in creating the learning experiences of the

students, be further trained in instructional planning and in designing learning activities

that can promote enduring understanding and lifelong learning.

The study of Apalejo (2011) was to determine the specific learning disabilities,

level of self-efficacy, self-esteem multiple intelligences, parent and teacher’s

involvement of students at risks with learning disabilities and their relationships to

academic performance of high school students at risk with learning disabilities in order

to design a supportive classroom environment for these children. The multiple

intelligences includes the Linguistic Intelligence, Logical-Mathematical Intelligence,

Bodily Kinesthetic Intelligence, Musical Intelligence, Interpersonal Intelligence,

Intrapersonal Intelligence, Spatial Intelligence, and Naturist Intelligence. Their study

hypothesized that there is significant relationship between self-efficacy, self-esteem,

multiple intelligence, parents and teachers’ involvement to the academic performance of

students at risk with learning disabilities. It is concluded students have suffered low

general self-efficacy, low and lack of social self-efficacy and all of them have lack of

self–esteem. Each of these students possesses different types of intelligences and

although the said intelligences are low still, none of them has linguistic and logical

intelligences and most of them have average general academic performance. However,

teachers support and attitude affect much to student’s academic performance. While

there is a low correlation between parents involvement and general self–efficacy and

between parent involvement and multiple intelligences, the kind of parental involvement

of the students do not affect the social self-efficacy, self-esteem, and academic

performance of the students.

CHAPTER III
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The study presents the research methods and procedures of date including the

instruments necessary for the analysis of the study.

Research Design

The researchers will use descriptive method in conducting this study. This

method define as describing, comparing and interpreting the relationship of existing

variables.

To make this study, the researchers will take the opportunity to research about

the causes of deterioration in academic performance of grade 9 students in Balas Buco

Sta. Maria National High School by conducting survey through questionnaires.

Researchers will collect data from the respondents to get the information needs to solve

the current situation.

Johnson &Christhensen(2010) defined the descriptive method of research as an

organized attempt to analyze, and interpret the report on the present status of a social

institution, group or area. It includes all the studies that seek to the present facts

concerning the nature and the status of anything, group of person, acts of condition or

any phenomenon which the researchers may wish to study. Since the descriptive

method is the easiest method to use, the researcher used it in conducting a survey.

Through questionnaire that will be gathering, information needed to seek answers the

problems.

Respondents of the Students

The respondents of the study will be the Grade 9 students in Balas Buco Sta.

Maria National High School. The number of students and the total number of students is

shown below.
 Table A

Distribution of Respondents

Total Number of
Section of Respondents Number of Students
Respondents

Malvar 48 10

Research Locale

This study will be conducted in Balas Buco Sta. Maria National High School

because of its location. It is convenient for the researchers to go back and forth from

their houses.

Figure 1

Legend: Map of Balas Buco Sta. Maria National High School showing the local

of the study.

Research Instrument

A questionnaire will be used as an instrument in this study. The first part focuses

on the profile of the respondents while the second part focuses on the academic status

of the students.

The questionnaire will be structured in such a way that respondents will be able

to answer it easily, thus the set of questionnaire will be structured using the Likert scale

that requires the subject to indicate his or her degree of agreement or disagreement to a
statement. In this type of questionnaire, the respondents will be given five-response

choices.

Validity of Research Instrument

In order to establish the validity of the research questionnaires, the first part draft

will be submitted to the adviser for approval. The questionnaire is a product of

modification coming from the ideas of some finished papers found relevant to the study.

Through the help of adviser and three experts in the field, all items will be
checked. All the comments and suggestions will give consideration until the final data of

the instruments is completed.

Reliability of the Research Instrument

To ensure the reliability, the researchers will choose certain school with the same

respondents. A re-test process will observe Dona Maria Laurel Platon School of

Agriculture wherein the Ten (10) respondents will be given questionnaires within a

week. The result of the test will be compared using Pearson Coefficient of correlation to

ensure findings that reveal of significant relationship between variables.

Data Gathering Procedures

Before distributing the questionnaire, the researchers will ask permission to the

principal of the school regarding the study. This will be used as data gathering tool.

The questionnaire will be attached with a cover letter of request addressed to the

respondents to seek their cooperation in this study. The questionnaire provides direction

to guide the respondents in filling up the paper.

The researchers will request a teacher to guide and assist the students in filling
up the questionnaire. The responses of the selected students will be tallied, tabulated,

computed, analyzed and interpreted in the statement of the problem and hypotheses of

the study.

Statistical Treatment of Data Used

This statistical tool will be used to determine the relationship between the profile

and academic status of grade 9 students to determine the causes of deterioration in

academic status of BBSMNHS.

PEARSON’s Product-Moment-Correlation Coefficient (x)

Nxy- (x) y)

r= ____________________

N2-(x)2Ny2-(y)2

Where:

r= Pearson’s Product-Moment-Correlation Coefficient

N= total number of paired observation

xy= sum of xy cross product

x= sum of x column

y= sum of y column

(x)2 = sum of x’s quantity squared

(y)2= sum of y’s quantity squared

Sources: Birion and De Jose (2000)

Weighed Mean. This will use to determine and describe the personal causes of deterioration in

academic performance of Grade 9 students in Balas Buco Sta. Maria National High School.
Synthesis

Through deepen reading analysis of the research enlighten the review of related

literature and studies regarding the causes of deterioration of students academic

performances. Varied insights of the studies, journals, researches have shown to give

full understanding why students fail in class and what are the factors that can cause
students performance deteriorate. Children who fail in school are more likely to engage

in sub sequent health impairing behavior as adolescents. School failure can impair a

child’s health. Impaired health can contribute to school failure, but social, behavioral,

and emotional problems often contribute more significantly to academic difficulties.

Health conditions can cause students to fail in school. (Byrd 2008). In addition to this

Alcuizar 2016 stated the determinants of nutrition and living condition are the most

related factors that have significant effect on the low academic performance of students.

Same with Dela Cruz, 2009, having essential nutrients in the body is the primary needs

of the students in order to perform better in school.

In addition, the study of Astedelo (2016) concluded that students are highly

motivated in using social media to satisfy their social needs more than academic needs.

The use of social media had affected the academic performance of students negatively.

Slothfulness where some students are so lazy and sluggish to devote proper time to

their studies. Inadequate study time is common occurrence among students of today.

They have no time to thoroughly study their books (Ansa.2016) These are hindrance on

students success and lead to academic failures. Arieta, Gementiza, Saco (2017)

highlighted that study habits play a very important role in the life of students. Success or

failure of each student depends upon his own study habits. Moreover, Inge (2018)
stated that students who were ‘spoon- fed” learning materials also spent less time in the

virtual learning environment, were less engaged and less likely to remain active over

time.

Finally, the reviewed studies may have similar or different finding but they have

common purpose to determine the causes of student’s deterioration of academic

performances and make necessary solution to the problem.

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