PROJECT

PROPOSAL
2023-24

Informatic Practices

A Proposal By
Arshpreet Singh
XII-D
Roll No-
Subject Teacher- Ms.Kajal
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Arshpreet

Singh , student of class 12th 'D' has
successfully completed the research
on the project “Data Visualization”
under the guidance of Miss Kajal
during the year 2023-24.

Teacher’s signature
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of

gratitude To my teacher Miss Kajal as well as
our Principal Mrs. Sheetal Nathelian who gave
me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic 'Data
Visualization' which also helped me in doing a
lot of research and I came to know about so
many new things.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents
and friends who helped me a lot in finishing
this project within the time limit. I am making
this project not only for marks but to also
increase my knowledge.
Table of Contents
Introduction of
01 Data Visualization

Introduction of
02 Matplotlib

03 Introduction of
CSVs

04 Visualizing data saved in

different Csv’s

05 Conclusion

06 References
 WHAT IS
DATA VISUALIZATION ?
Data visualization is the representation of data through
use of common graphics, such as charts, plots,
infographics, and even animations. These visual displays
of information communicate complex data relationships
and data-driven insights in a way that is easy to
understand.

BENIFITS OF DATA VISUALIZATION

Data visualization can be used in many contexts in nearly every

field, like public policy, finance, marketing, retail, education,
sports, history, and more. Here are the benefits of data
visualization:

Storytelling: People are drawn to colors and patterns in

clothing, arts and culture, architecture, and more. Data is no
different—colors and patterns allow us to visualize the story
within the data.
Accessibility: Information is shared in an accessible, easy-
to-understand manner for a variety of audiences.
Visualize relationships: It’s easier to spot the relationships
and patterns within a data set when the information is
presented in a graph or chart.
Exploration: More accessible data means more
opportunities to explore, collaborate, and inform actionable
decisions.
 MATPLOTLIB.PYPLOT

‘matplotlib.pyplot’ is a collection of functions that make

matplotlib work like MATLAB. Each pyplot function makes
some change to a figure: e.g., creates a figure, creates a
plotting area in a figure, plots some lines in a plotting area,
decorates the plot with labels, etc.

In matplotlib.pyplot various states are preserved across

function calls, so that it keeps track of things like the
current figure and plotting area, and the plotting
functions are directed to the current axes (please note
that "axes" here and in most places in the documentation
refers to the axes part of a figure and not the strict
mathematical term for more than one axis).

BENIFITS OF PYPLOT

Pyplot provides matplotlib with two key features:

A MATLAB-style interface, which allows those familiar with MATLAB

to adopt Python more easily
Statefulness, which means that pyplot stores the state of an object
when you first plot it. This is essential for use in the same loop or
session state until plt.close() is encountered in the code. State can
also be important when creating several plots continuously.

Pyplot is an API (Application Programming Interface) for Python’s

matplotlib that effectively makes matplotlib a viable open source
alternative to MATLAB. Matplotlib is a library for data visualization,
typically in the form of plots, graphs and charts.
 CSV FILE
A CSV is a comma-separated values file, which allows data
to be saved in a tabular format. CSVs look like a garden-
variety spreadsheet but with a . csv extension. CSV files
can be used with most any spreadsheet program, such as
Microsoft Excel or Google Spreadsheets.

HOW TO USE CSV FILE ?

Step 1: Import the required libraries.

Step 2: Load the CSV data into a pandas DataFrame.
Step 3: Data analysis with pandas.
Step 4: Data visualization with matplotlib.

BENIFITS OF CSV :-
The files have a simple structure and are human-readable;
The data can be easily imported or exported into other
programs;
CSV file format can be easily and accurately compressed;
The running costs are not high;
Perfect fit for getting data out of one application and into
another one;
 VISUALIZING DATA
BAR GRAPH
Using CSVs

The below CSV file contains different person name, gender, and
age saved as ‘Book2.csv’:

The approach of the program:

1. Import required libraries, matplotlib library for visualizing,

and Pandas library for reading CSV data.
2. Open the file using open( ) function with ‘r’ mode (read-only)
from CSV library and read the file using read_csv( ) function.
3. After reading the whole CSV file, plot the required data as X
and Y axis.
 Bar plot code :-

output :-
 VISUALIZING DATA
HORIZONTAL BAR GRAPH
Using CSVs

The below CSV file contains different Employees and their

Salaries are saved as ‘Book6.csv’:

The approach of the program:

1. Import required libraries, matplotlib library for visualizing,

and Pandas library for reading CSV data.
2. Open the file using open( ) function with ‘r’ mode (read-only)
from CSV library and read the file using read_csv( ) function.
3. After reading the whole CSV file, plot the required data as X
and Y axis.
 Horizontal Bar
Graph code :-

output :-
VISUALIZING LINE CHART
Using CSVs

The below CSV file contains different Dates and Temperature

saved as ‘Book3.csv’:

The approach of the program:

1. Import required libraries, matplotlib library for visualizing,

and Pandas library for reading CSV data.
2. Open the file using open( ) function with ‘r’ mode (read-only)
from CSV library and read the file using read_csv( ) function.
3. After reading the whole CSV file, plot the required data as X
and Y axis.
 Line chart code:-

output :-
 VISUALIZING PIE CHART
Using CSVs

The below CSV file contains different label and sizes saved as
‘Book4.csv’:

The approach of the program:

1. Import required libraries, matplotlib library for visualizing,

and Pandas library for reading CSV data.
2. Open the file with ‘r’ mode (read-only) from Pandas library
and read the file using read_csv( ) function.
3. Plot pie-chart
 Pie chart code :-

output :-
 VISUALIZING SCATTER
CHART
Using CSVs
The below CSV file contains different Patients and
Blood Pressure saved as ‘Book5.csv’:

The approach of the program:

1. Import required libraries, matplotlib library for visualizing,

and Pandas library for reading CSV data.
2. Open the file with ‘r’ mode (read-only) from Pandas library
and read the file using read_csv( ) function.
3. Plot scatter chart using the information given in the csv file.
 Scatter chart code :-

output :-
VISUALIZING HISTOGRAM
Using CSVs
The below CSV file contains different Occupations and number
of workers saved as ‘machine-readable-business-employment-
data-sep-2023-quarter.csv’:

The approach of the program:

1. Import required libraries, matplotlib library for visualizing,

and Pandas library for reading CSV data.
2. Open the file with ‘r’ mode (read-only) from Pandas library
and read the file using read_csv( ) function.
3. Plot scatter chart using the information given in the csv file.
 Histogram code :-

output :-

Occupation
 CONCLUSION

Good data visualization should communicate a

data set clearly and effectively by using
graphics. The best visualizations make it easy to
comprehend data at a glance. They take
complex information and break it down in a
way that makes it simple for the target
audience to understand and on which to base
their decisions.
As Edward R. Tufte pointed out, “the essential
test of design is how well it assists the
understanding of the content, not how stylish it
is.” Data visualizations, especially, should
adhere to this idea. The goal is to enhance the
data through design, not draw attention to the
design itself.
Keeping these data visualization best practices
in mind simplifies the process of designing
infographics that are genuinely useful to their
audience.
 REFERENCES

Visual Studio Code - for coding

Microsoft Excel - for csv files
Canva - for presentation
Kaggle - for data

Thank you