General Medicine and Dentistry

Classical and cytogenetics

1. Organisation of genetic material in pro- and eukaryotic cells. Nucleus, chromatin, chromosomes.
2. Classic and molecular genetics. Monogenic inheritance.
3. Purity of gametes. Modes of inheritance. Multiple alleles.
4. Dominance and recessivety in the phenotype and at molecular level.
5. X-linked genes.
6. Independent segregation and meiosis. Linked and not linked genes.
7. Recombination of non-allelic genes. Gene mapping. LOD score.
8. Gene interactions. Variations in gene expression.
9. Monogenic human diseases and traits. Pedigree analysis.
10. Inheritance of quantitative and complex traits.
11. Non-mendelian inheritance. Mutations of mitochondrial genes.
12. Solving Mendelian genetic problems.
13. Genetic polymorphisms I. Allelic diversity.
14. Genetic polymorphisms II. Genetics of human blood group systems.
15. Genetic polymorphisms III. HLA system.
16. Treatment of genetic diseases.
17. Human cytogenetics I. Classic methods of chromosome investigation. Numerical abnormalities of
chromosomes.
18. Human cytogenetics II. Sex determination. Sex chromosomes.
19. Structural abnormalities of chromosomes. Molecular methods of chromosome investigation.
Interphase cytogenetics.
20. Investigation of sex-chromatin and metaphase spreads. Karyogram analysis.

Molecular and population genetics:

21. Allelic DNA-polymorphisms: RFLP, SNP, micro- and minisatellites.

22. Detection of human genetic polymorphisms with Polymerase Chain Reaction.
23. Results of Human Genome Project.
24. From pharmacogenetics to pharmacogenomics.
25. Applications of modern genetics in clinical diagnosis. Genetics of pregnancy and prenatal vitamins.
Ecogenetics.
26. Genetic code.
27. DNA repair.
28. Mutagenic agents. Ames-test. Dynamic mutations.
29. Transposable elements in genome.
30. Complementation test. The gene concept.
31. Structure and expression of human genes. Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Genes of
immunoglobulins.
32. Genetic imprinting. Uniparental disomy.
33. Genetic role of RNA.
34. Molecular genetics of inherited human diseases.
35. Bacterial genetics: Life-cycles of bacteriophages. Restriction. Transduction. Transformation.
Conjugation, plasmids.
36. Gene regulation in prokaryotes. Enzyme induction. Regulation of operons.
37. Molecular genetics of the cell cycle.
38. Clinical applications of new biotechnology techniques.
39. Population genetics I. Monogenic traits in populations. Hardy-Weinberg principle and equations.
Solving population genetic problems.
40. Population genetics II. Inbreeding. Genetic basis of evolution.