Caso Práctico: HEALTH AND SAFETY. Session 3.-Money Matters

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HEALTH AND SAFETY. Session 3.- Money

matters.
Caso práctico
Read the text and listen to the situation.
00:00 01:26
Script
Mr Parker: Well, girls, what do you think? Did you enjoy the training session?
Lourdes: Yes, Mr Parker. It was very interesting.
Susana: And we learned a lot.
Mr Parker: Right, I'm glad you did. These training sessions don't come
cheap, you know.
Lourdes: What do you mean, Mr Parker?
Mr Parker: Well, every time we organise one of these sessions, we have to pay
for the course fees, provide the instructor with meals and accommodation,
etc.
Lourdes: I see. I guess it's like an investment. What I mean is that you invest in
the future of this company, by providing the employees with the knowledge
they need to make the office a safe workplace.
Mr Parker: Yes, the problem is that we can't afford to waste money at

the moment, because of the difficult economic situation. And that's precisely
how the senior management view this sort of training courses: a waste of time
and money.
Lourdes: But surely they spend more money on other things that aren't that
necessary, isn't that so?
Mr Parker: Yes, I guess. Still, the company has made a huge profit this year,
1 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
so we haven't been forced to make cutbacks, like other companies have.
OK, girls, hmm... keep up the good work. I'll see you in a bit.
Susana: Interesting, don't you think, Lourdes?
Lourdes: Yes, I agree with you. I was wondering, would you lend me some
money if I needed it?
Susana: Of course, but I don't think I have enough cash on me. Do you
accept credit cards?
Lourdes: Yes, sure. Perhaps I look like a cash machine.
Susana: Just a little bit, ha ha.
Think about it
Discuss in the forum. What do you think about the following statements?
I would never borrow money from someone in my family.

I always buy things I don't need.
I never buy anything on the Internet.
I like going to shopping centres.
I manage to save money every month.
2 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
1.- What to say.
Citas Para Pensar
"There's no money in poetry, but then there's no poetry in money,

either." Robert Graves.
Caso práctico
Lourdes: You know, Susana, I've been thinking.
Susana: Really? What about?
Lourdes: We're really careless with money. I think we should start saving
up.
Susana: I guess that's very sensible, but how are we going to do it? Life in
London is really expensive. I hardly ever make ends meet as it is.
Lourdes: Perhaps we could find an extra job.
Susana: More work?!
Lourdes: Well, just a few hours a week, you know.
Susana: OK, that sounds like a good idea. But, I think there might be other
ways to make some extra cash, don't you think?
1. Give your opinion -- and get paid. Why not participate in focus
groups? Focus groups are meetings in which a group of people
are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs and
attitudes towards a product, service, concept, advertisement,
idea, or packaging. Contributing an hour of your time can earn
you up to $100, sometimes more. Online surveys, phone
surveys and product trials can also earn you anywhere from $5
3 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
to $150.
2. Be a secret shopper.
After registering with a secret shopping company, you are paid
to basically go undercover and report on a company's operation from the customer
point of view. Depending on the clients, you can earn up to $2,000 per month.
3. Sell your photos to stock agencies

You don't need to be a good photographer; anyone can submit their photos to stock
photo agencies. If your images are accepted, they will be available for download by
subscribers. Each time someone downloads your photos, you get 25 cents.
4. Join a direct selling company.

Direct selling is one of the easiest ways to earn some extra cash, especially if you sell
products you love. Direct selling can best be described as the marketing of products
and services directly to consumers in a face to face manner, generally in their homes or
the homes of others. Some full-time representatives earn six-figure salaries.
Text adapted from http://edition.cnn.com/2009/LIVING/worklife/05/18/cb.earn.extra.money/index.html, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_group and
http://www.wfdsa.org/legal_reg/index.cfm?fa=directselling
Think about it
Discuss in the forum.
Have you ever followed or thought of following any of the tips above?
Which is the best way to make some extra money? Are there any other
activities you can think of?
4 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
1.1.- How to save money.
Do you need to get out of the red and into the black? You
might find some of the following tips very useful.
1. Use cash instead of credit.

Don't carry your credit cards with you - this will make
you think before you make a purchase.
2. Have meatless days.

We go meatless a couple of times a week. We started
doing it during times when we needed to watch our money, and even now that we don't
have to so much, we still do it! Have spaghetti without meat, stir-fried veggies or baked
potatoes topped with broccoli and melted cheese.
3. Glamorous for less.

Ask your salon if it has a training night. Hairdressers-in-training often cut your hair just
as well as your fully trained hairdresser would (they're supervised by senior staff), but
for a fraction of the usual cost.
4. Take packed lunches.

When I go grocery shopping, I buy food that I can keep at work - soups, frozen meals,
snacks, etc. I find that I can save up to £30 a week.
5. Rummage for bargains.

Go to car boot sales. I use the Internet to check different newspapers for sales in a
larger area than where I live. We have saved hundreds of pounds over the years by
doing this. It's also great fun!
6. Get something back from your credit cards.

I suggest finding a credit card that offers some type of reward (cashback, phone
discounts, etc.).
7. Sign on for freebies.

My sister-in-law and I have learned that if we really like a product, we can call the
company and ask to be put on their free sample list, and also ask for coupons.
Between the two of us, we've received over 75 free coupons.
Text adapted from http://www.ivillage.co.uk/workcareer/money/community/articles/0,,710848_712808,00.html
Autoevaluación
Match the following expressions to their definitions.
5 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
Matching exercise.
Definitions. Match. Expressions.
Be careful with money. 1. Bargain.
Buy something. 2. Car boot sale.
Cheap purchase. 3. Cashback.
Discount usually offered in return for

4. Freebies.
immediate payment.
Free samples. 5. Groceries.
Outdoor market where people sell things that 6. Make a

they do not want from the back of their car. purchase.
Sum of money you get for some special

7. Reward.
service.
8. Watch your
Things you can buy in a supermarket.
money.
Enviar
If you didn't get the exercise right, perhaps you should read the text again
more carefully.
Think about it
Write in the forum.
What do you think about the tips?

Can you suggest any other saving tips?
Think of a new saving tip and share it with your classmates.
6 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
2.- How to say it: Relative clauses.
We use relative clauses to give additional information about

something without starting another sentence. By combining
sentences with a relative clause, your text becomes more
fluent and you can avoid repeating certain words.
Relative Pronouns.
Who subject or object pronoun for people.

I told you about the woman who lives next door.
Which subject or object pronoun for animals and things.
Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof?
Which referring to a whole sentence. A comma is needed to separate both clauses.
He couldn't read, which surprised me.
Whose possession for people animals and things.
Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse?
Whom object pronoun for people, especially in non-defining relative clauses (in defining
relative clauses we colloquially prefer who).
The professor, whom I met at the conference, invited me to a party.
That subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in defining relative
clauses (who or which are also possible).
I don't like the table that stands in the kitchen.
Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun?
Subject and object pronouns cannot be distinguished by their forms - who, which, that are
used for subject and object pronouns-. You can, however, distinguish them as follows:
If the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, the relative pronoun is a subject pronoun.
Subject pronouns must always be used.
The apple which is lying on the table.
If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb (but by a noun or pronoun), the relative
pronoun is an object pronoun. Object pronouns can be dropped in defining relative
clauses, which are then called Contact Clauses.
The apple (which) George lay on the table.
Relative Adverbs.
A relative adverb can be used instead of a relative pronoun plus preposition. This often
makes the sentence easier to understand.
This is the shop in which I bought my bike.→ This is the shop where I bought my bike.
When (in/on which) refers to a time expression.
The day when we met him.
Where (in/at which) refers to a place.
The place where we met him.
7 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
Why (for which) refers to a reason.

The reason why we met him.
Ejercicio Resuelto
Click to read the Spanish translation.
Mostrar retroalimentación
Usamos frases de relativo para dar información adicional sobre algo sin
empezar una frase nueva. Combinando frases con una de relativo el
texto se hace más fluido y se puede evitar la repetición de ciertas
palabras.
Pronombres relativos:
Who pronombre sujeto u objeto para personas.

Which pronombre sujeto u objeto para animales y cosas.
Which se refiere a toda una frase. Se necesita una coma para
separar ambas frases.
Whose posesión para personas, animales y cosas.
Whom pronombre objeto para personas, especialmente en frases de
relativo explicativas (non-defining).
That pronombre sujeto u objeto para personas, animales y cosas en
oraciones de relativo especificativas (defining) (who o which son
también posibles).
¿Pronombre sujeto u objeto?

Los pronombres sujeto y objeto no se distinguen por la forma - who,
which, that se usan como pronombres sujeto y objeto-. Se pueden
distinguir:
Si el relativo va seguido de un verbo es pronombre sujeto, y siempre
han de usarse.
Si el relativo no va seguido de un verbo, sino de un nombre o
pronombre, es pronombre objeto. Los pronombres objeto pueden
suprimirse en frases de relativo especificativas(defining).
Adverbios relativos.
Un adverbio relativo se puede usar en lugar de un pronombre relativo +
preposición. Esto hace que la frase sea más fácil de entender:
8 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
When (in/on which) se refiere al tiempo.

Where (in/at which) se refiere al lugar.
Why (for which) se refiere a la razón.
9 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
2.1.- Defining and non-defining relative

clauses.
Think about it
What is the difference between these two
sentences?
Do you know the woman who's reading a

book?
The woman, who was reading a magazine,
looked up and said hello.
That's right. In the first sentence we're defining the woman we're talking
about. We don't know who that person is, so we use a defining relative
clause.
In the second sentence, we know who that woman is, therefore we use a
non-defining relative clause.
Defining Relative Clauses.
Defining relative clauses (also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive relative clauses)
give detailed information defining a general term or expression. Defining relative clauses are
not put in between commas.
Imagine Tom is in a room with five girls. One girl is talking to Sam and you ask
somebody whether he knows this girl. Here the relative clause defines which of the five
girls you mean.
Do you know the girl who is talking to Sam?
Defining relative clauses are often used in definitions.
A seaman is someone who works on a ship.
Object pronouns in defining relative clauses can be dropped. (Sentences with a relative
clause without the relative pronoun are called Contact Clauses.)
The boy (who/whom) we met yesterday is very nice.
Non-defining Relative Clauses.
10 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
Non-defining relative clauses (also called non-identifying relative clauses or non-restrictive

relative clauses) give additional information on something, but do not define it. Non-defining
relative clauses are put in between commas.
Imagine, Sam is in a room with only one girl. The two are talking to each other and you
ask somebody whether he knows this girl. Here the relative clause is non-defining
because in this situation it is obvious which girl you mean.
The girl, who was very tall, started to talk to Sam.
Note: In non-defining relative clauses, who/which may not be replaced with that.
Object pronouns in non-defining relative clauses must be used.
Jim, who/whom we met yesterday, is very nice.
Ejercicio Resuelto
Click to read the Spanish translation.
Oraciones de relativo especificativas (defining).

Este tipo de oraciones de relativo dan información detallada sobre un
término o expresión. No se ponen entre comas. Se usan a menudo en
definiciones. En ellas se pueden suprimir los pronombres objeto.
Oraciones de relativo explicativas (non-defining).
Este tipo de oraciones de relativo dan información adicional sobre algo,
pero no lo definen. Se ponen entre comas. En ellas who/which no puede
ser remplazado por that. No se pueden suprimir los pronombres objeto.
A step ahead
If you want to know more about relative clauses, visit the following website.
Relative clauses.
11 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
2.2.- Now put it into practice (I).

This should not be too difficult for you. Let us give it a try.
Autoevaluación
Choose the correct relative pronoun: who, which, whose.
1. This is the supermarket was

robbed yesterday.
2. A woman son was crying
bought him a toy.
3. The boy came to your birthday
party was very handsome.
4. The chairs I bought last week
are very comfortable.
5. Larry came with a friend was very polite.
6. Tom's marrying a girl sister is in my class.
Enviar
It wasn't difficult, was it?
Think about it
Combine the following pairs of sentences using relative pronouns. Make any
changes where they are necessary.
1. Mr Franks is one of the duty managers. The duty managers deal with day
to day problems. (who).
2. There are coffee machines available. These can be found on the 2nd and
5th floors. (which).
3. We have received a telephone order from European Mines. The company
will confirm the order by fax. (who).
4. Sean has gone to his office for the report. Sean will bring the report to the
meeting room. (which).
5. This building has a coffee shop on the ground floor. Beverages and
snacks are served in the coffee shop all day. (where).
12 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
6. Mrs Torsen is the head of the advertising department. He deals with

product design. (who).
1. Mr Franks is one of the duty managers who deal with day to day
problems.
2. There are coffee machines available which can be found on the 2nd
and 5th floors.
3. We have received a telephone order from European Mines who will
confirm by fax.
4. Sean has gone to his office for the report which he will bring to the
meeting room.
5. This building has a coffee shop on the ground floor where beverages
and snacks are served all day.
6. Mrs Torsen is the head of the advertising department who deals with
product design.
Autoevaluación
Study the following situations. Which is the correct relative clause?
I have three sisters.

My sister who lives in NY had a baby last month.
My sister, who lives in NY, had a baby last month.
Opción correcta
Are you sure?
Solución
13 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
1. Opción correcta
2. Incorrecto
Joan has one sister.

Joan's sister who is 26 years old is a teacher.
Joan's sister, who is 26 years old, is a teacher.
Not really.
That's great!
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
Fred has many friends.

Fred's friend who lives round the corner is a lawyer.
Fred's friend, who lives round the corner, is a lawyer.
Excellent!
That's incorrect.
14 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
Solución
1. Opción correcta
2. Incorrecto
My friend Pedro moved to Canada.

My friend Pedro whose wife is Canadian moved to Canada two years ago.
My friend Pedro, whose wife is Canadian, moved to Canada two years
ago.
That's not right.
Well done!
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
Mrs Jones is very famous.

Mrs Jones whom I met at Jamie's party is a famous scientist.
Mrs Jones, whom I met at Jamie's party, is a famous scientist.
That's not correct.
Very good!
15 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
16 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
2.3.- Revision of relative clauses.
A piece of advice
If you want to make sure you understood everything we've learned about
relative clauses, take a look at the following presentation.
00:00 01:05
DOWNLOAD PRESENTATION
Text summary
17 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
3.- Words you need: Money.

How many words related to money do you know? Here are a few more.
Money vocabulary.
ENGLISH. SPANISH.
NOUNS. SUSTANTIVOS.
Five pounds / a five-pound note. Cinco libras / un billete de cinco libras.
Fifty pence (we usually say 50 p) / a Cincuenta peniques / una moneda de

fifty-pence piece. cincuenta peniques.
Coin. Moneda.
Tax. Impuesto.
Salary. Sueldo.
Mortgage. Hipoteca.
Loan. Préstamo.
VERBS. VERBOS.
Borrow sth. from sb. Tomar prestado.
Charge (for) sth. Cobrar (por).
Cost. Costar.
Lend sth. to sb. Prestar.
18 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
ENGLISH. SPANISH.
Owe. Deber.
Pay (back). Devolver.
Pay (for) sth. Pagar (por) algo.
Pay in cash / by credit card. Pagar en efectivo / con tarjeta.
Save (up). Ahorrar.
Spend money on sth. Gastar dinero en algo.
Waste. Malgastar.
ADJECTIVES. ADJETIVOS.
Free. Gratis.
Cheap. Barato.
Reasonable. Razonable, moderado.
(Quite / very / incredibly) expensive. (Bastante / muy / increíblemente) caro.
EXPRESSIONS. EXPRESIONES.
I can't afford it. No me lo puedo permitir.
It's worth a lot of money. Vale mucho dinero.
How much is that worth? ¿Cuánto vale?
A step ahead
If you want to learn more on the subject of money, check out the following
website.
Money vocabulary.
19 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
3.1.- Now you put it into practice (II).
Autoevaluación
Complete the following sentences with prepositions.
1. When is he going to pay you the money

we lent him?
2. Frank spent a lot of money clothes last week.
3. Paula paid over £1000 his computer.
4. I can't believe they charged us $35 a pizza.
5. I don't like to borrow money the bank.
6. Would you lend money your best friend?
Enviar
When learning new expressions, it's a good idea to always learn the
prepositions that collocate with them.
Autoevaluación
Fill in the gaps using the past tense of the verbs from the box. Be careful,
most of them are irregular.
buy, spend, lose, pay, sell, win, waste, find, give, lend
1. I over £1000 for my TV, but it isn't worth very much now.
2. My parents me $50 last month, but I most of it on a
new pair of jeans.
3. I was very upset when I my wallet in the street. Fortunately
somebody it the next day and it to me.
4. My house was too small, so I it and a new one.
5. Last week I £100 on the lottery.
6. I'm afraid I my money on those shoes, because I'm never
going to use them.
20 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
Enviar
Easy, wasn't it?
You should know

Now you are ready to do a few more exercises on the subject of money.
Reading comprehension.
Crossword.
21 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
3.2.- Paraphrasing expressions.

Sometimes we want to repeat something that we have just said or that somebody else has
said. Fortunately, there are many phrases in English that we can use to introduce this.
Paraphrasing expressions.
English. Spanish.
So you mean…. Lo que quieres decir...
What you mean is… Lo que quieres decir...
What you're saying is… Lo que quieres decir...
So what you mean to say is… Lo que quieres decir...
Let me get this clear… Permíteme aclarar algo...
Let me get this straight,… Permíteme aclarar algo...
Basically,... En principio...
In a nutshell,... En dos palabras...
To paraphrase,... Para decirlo de otro modo...
To put it another way,... Para decirlo de otro modo...
What it all boils down to is... En resumidas cuentas...
To sum up (then)... Para resumir...
In other words,... En otras palabras...
What this means is (that)... Lo que significa es que...
Put it this way... Digámoslo así...
22 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
English. Spanish.
Look at it this way... Considerémoslo así...
Think about it
Discuss in the forum. Do you agree with the following statements? Give reasons
and try to use expressions from the table above.
Money always brings happiness.

Time is more valuable than money.
23 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
4.- A step ahead.

Let's revise what we've learned in this unit. Check out the following websites:
The Third conditional: some extra exercises.
Third conditional exercise 1.
Third conditional exercise 2.
The passive: Theory and exercises.
The passive.
The passive: some extra exercises.
The passive exercise 1.
The passive exercise 2.
Interesting website on complaint letters.
Complaint letters.
Interesting website on apology letters.
Apology letters.
An interesting exercise on relative sentences.
Relative sentences.
24 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
Appendix.- Licences of resources.

Licences of resources used in session 3. "Money matters".
Resource Resource
Resource information (1) Resource information (2)
(1) (2)
By: ChrisSteph
By: Ken Teegardin.
LewisBoegeman.
License: CC by-sa.
License: CC by-nc.
From: http://www.flickr.com
/photos/teegardin
/photos/chrissam42
/5737295175/in/photostream/
/2081881219/
By: Robert Spiegel.

By: Mark Probst.
License: CC by-sa.
License: CC by-sa.
/photos/robert7
/photos/schani/15500070/
/2289028310/
By: Upsilon Andromedae. By: Lewis Minor.

License: CC by. License: CC by.
From: http://www.flickr.com From: http://www.flickr.com
/photos/upsand /photos/31284576@N06
/427789660/ /5036712014/
By: Dan Machold.

By: Pierre Metivier.
License: CC by-nc-sa.
License: CC by-nc.
/photos/mybloodyself
/photos/feuilllu/739173692/
/367677153/
By: buhny.
License: CC by-nc-sa.
/photos/buhny
/2904000424/
25 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31
26 de 26 30/9/22, 12:31

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HEALTH AND SAFETY. Session 3.- Money

Read the text and listen to the situation.

Lourdes: Yes, Mr Parker. It was very interesting.

Susana: And we learned a lot.

Lourdes: What do you mean, Mr Parker?

Mr Parker: Yes, the problem is that we can't aﬀord to waste money at

so we haven't been forced to make cutbacks, like other companies have.

Susana: Interesting, don't you think, Lourdes?

Lourdes: Yes, sure. Perhaps I look like a cash machine.

Susana: Just a little bit, ha ha.

I would never borrow money from someone in my family.

1.- What to say.

Citas Para Pensar

"There's no money in poetry, but then there's no poetry in money,

Susana: Really? What about?

Lourdes: Perhaps we could find an extra job.

Susana: More work?!

Lourdes: Well, just a few hours a week, you know.

3. Sell your photos to stock agencies

4. Join a direct selling company.

1.1.- How to save money.

1. Use cash instead of credit.

2. Have meatless days.

3. Glamorous for less.

4. Take packed lunches.

5. Rummage for bargains.

6. Get something back from your credit cards.

7. Sign on for freebies.

Definitions. Match. Expressions.

Be careful with money. 1. Bargain.

Buy something. 2. Car boot sale.

Cheap purchase. 3. Cashback.

Discount usually oﬀered in return for

Free samples. 5. Groceries.

Outdoor market where people sell things that 6. Make a

Sum of money you get for some special

What do you think about the tips?

2.- How to say it: Relative clauses.

We use relative clauses to give additional information about

Who subject or object pronoun for people.

Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun?

Why (for which) refers to a reason.

Who pronombre sujeto u objeto para personas.

¿Pronombre sujeto u objeto?

When (in/on which) se refiere al tiempo.

2.1.- Defining and non-defining relative

Do you know the woman who's reading a

Defining Relative Clauses.

Non-defining Relative Clauses.

Non-defining relative clauses (also called non-identifying relative clauses or non-restrictive

Oraciones de relativo especificativas (defining).

2.2.- Now put it into practice (I).

1. This is the supermarket was

It wasn't diﬃcult, was it?

6. Mrs Torsen is the head of the advertising department. He deals with

I have three sisters.

Are you sure?

Joan has one sister.

Fred has many friends.

My friend Pedro moved to Canada.

That's not right.

Mrs Jones is very famous.