4

(b) Study Figs. 1.2 and 1.3, which are population pyramids showing the structure of China’s
population in 2010 and 2050 (predicted).

2010
male age (years) female
100+
95–99
90–94
old 85–89 old
dependent 80–84 dependent
75–79
70–74
65–69
60–64
55–59
50–54
economically 45–49 economically
40–44
active active
35–39
30–34
25–29
20–24
15–19
young 10–14 young
dependent 5–9 dependent
0–4
10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10
percentage of total population

Fig. 1.2

2050 (predicted)
male age (years)
female
100+
95–99
90–94
old 85–89 old
dependent 80–84 dependent
75–79
70–74
65–69
60–64
55–59
50–54
economically 45–49 economically
40–44
active active
35–39
30–34
25–29
20–24
15–19
young 10–14 young
dependent 5–9 dependent
0–4
10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10
percentage of total population

Fig. 1.3
© UCLES 2022 0460/11/O/N/22
 5

(i) Describe the changes which are predicted in China’s economically active population
between 2010 and 2050.

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(ii) Suggest ways in which a large old dependent population is likely to cause problems for
countries such as China in the future.

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© UCLES 2022 0460/11/O/N/22 [Turn over