M10/3/GEOGR/BP1/ENG/TZ0/XX

22105201

Geography
Higher level and standard level
PAPER 1

Thursday 6 May 2010 (afternoon)

1 hour 30 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS to candidates

 Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.

 Answer two questions.

2210-5201 5 pages
© International Baccalaureate Organization 2010
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Core Theme: Population, Resources and Development

Answer two questions with all their parts.

Case studies and examples should be used to illustrate answers and, where appropriate, they should be
specifically located. Include well drawn, large, relevant maps, sketches, tables and diagrams as often
as applicable.

1. The pyramids below show the population structure for a sub-Saharan country in 2000 and the projected
structure for 2025.

Male 2000 Female

100+
95–99
90–94
85–89
80–84
75–79
70–74
65–69
60–64
55–59
50–54
45–49
40–44
35–39
30–34
25–29
20–24
15–19
10–14
5–9
0–4
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Population (in thousands)
Male 2025 Female
100+
95–99
90–94
85–89
80–84
75–79
70–74
65–69
60–64
55–59
50–54
45–49
40–44
35–39
30–34
25–29
20–24
15–19
10–14
5–9
0–4
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Population (in thousands)

[Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base]

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(a) Describe the population pyramid of the country in the year 2000. [3 marks]

(b) Suggest reasons for the gender imbalances in the population pyramid in the
year 2025. [6 marks]

(c) Explain three economic impacts of a disease that you have studied. [6 marks]

(d) Examine the interrelationships between mortality rates and levels of development. [10 marks]

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2. The graph below shows the changes in GDP per capita and total fertility rate for selected countries in
the twenty-five years between 1980 and 2005.

8 1980
2005
7
Total fertility rate

Nigeria
Ghana
6 Sudan Zimbabwe
5

4
India
3 Bangladesh

2
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
GDP per capita (US $)

[Source: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank. Reproduced with permission.]

(a) (i) Describe the relationship between GDP per capita and total fertility rate
shown on the graph. [2 marks]

(ii) Identify one country that does not follow the general relationship. [1 mark]

(b) Explain two factors other than GDP per capita that can cause a change in total
fertility rate. [2+2 marks]

(c) Using a map, describe the main differences between the core and the periphery
in a country of your choice. [8 marks]

(d) “GDP per capita is the best indicator of a country’s level of development.”
Discuss this statement. [10 marks]

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3. The map below shows the percentage of children under age five who are undernourished in Asia.

Kazakhstan

Uzbekistan Mongolia

Percentage of children
under age five who
are undernourished
Nepal China
Less than 20
Pakistan 20 – 40

Philippines
41 – 50
India Myanmar Vietnam More than 50
(Burma)
No Data
N Thailand
Cambodia
Sri Lanka

Indonesia
0 2000 km

[Source: Child Malnutrition: Asia. 2007. Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. NASA
Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC), CIESIN, Columbia University. Reproduced with permission.]

(a) Describe the pattern of under-nutrition in children under five years old in Asia. [4 marks]

(b) Briefly describe the difference between malnutrition and under-nutrition. [3 marks]

(c) Using examples, explain why food aid does not always alleviate hunger. [8 marks]

(d) “The carrying capacity of countries can be increased or decreased by people.”

Discuss this statement. [10 marks]

2210-5201