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This article provides an explanation of Taylor's scientific management to understand the
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In 1909, Frederick Winslow Taylor, the theorist, published his book, ‘The
Principles of Scientific Management,’ where he proposed that productivity can
be increased by simplifying and optimising jobs. He also provided a scientific
logic that productivity can be increased if there is a cooperative relationship
between workers and managers.

Before this theory was published, the work culture and work differed in
business sectors. For example, the factory managers had minimal contact with
workers; there was no motivation and standardisation in the working culture.
So, there was no incentive and efficiency to work. But Taylor was very
interested in motivating people and reducing inefficiency.

This article will briefly discuss Taylor’s theory of scientific management and
Taylor’s scientific management principles. It will also focus on using technology
in Taylor’s management theory and its criticisms.
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Definition of Taylor’s Scientific Management

The concept of scientific management was developed by FW Taylor, who
implemented the technique and scientific methods such as logic, observation,
combination, and analysis to study working conditions and management to
develop the functional level in factories and production units. The scientific
management concept helps improve productivity, effectiveness, and efficiency
in the organisation through scientific principles and methods.

Taylor was an American mechanical engineer who proposed and presented the
concept of the scientific method in management through technical support. He
is also known as the father of scientific management. In his working experience
and observation, he noticed various factors that lead to low productivity and
inefficiency.

Some of them were:

Poorly designed personal tools for production

Inefficiency in working-level and unorganised training
Inefficient hiring procedure
Lack of proper planning, working, and improper management
He criticised the management of companies and created a method-based
theory for developing efficiency and productivity in workers.

Taylor’s Theory of Scientific Management for Workers

Taylor believed that workers could be motivated by money, and therefore, he
promoted the idea of the “a fair day’s pay for a fair day’s work” concept. If a
worker does not work well in a day, he won’t be paid his money for the day.
Taylor’s theory depends on four basic principles, which state replacing the
regular working habits, also known as the ‘rule of thumb.’ It simply means to
include scientific methods to implement in the working culture and perform
innovative work rather than hard work.

Rather than assigning workers for any job, it is better to recruit employees
according to their job field and efficiency to motivate workers and keep them
interested in the work process.

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Monitoring the working is also a part of scientific management. Allocation of

work between managers and workers is also a part of the principle. It will divide
work according to responsibility, allowing the manager to create a proper plan
to execute the overall working process.

Taylor’s Scientific Management Principles on the

Management Process
Taylor proposed the following scientific management principles:

Science, Not Rule of Thumb

Managers make decisions based on their judgments as a rule of thumb. Taylor
claims that even minor industrial activities may be organised appropriately. This
will assist in saving both time and human energy. Decisions must be based on
scientific research that includes cause and effect linkages.

Harmony, Not Discord

Taylor underlined the need for total harmony between staff and management.
Any dispute between them harms either the employees or the management.
Both management and employees must recognize the value of the other.

Mental Revolution
The Mental Revolution approach entails a shift in the attitudes of staff and
supervisors toward one another. Both parties must recognize the value of the
other and act in tandem. Both management and employees should strive to
raise the organisation’s revenues. Workers must make reasonable efforts to
ensure that the firm profits and management share a portion of the earnings
with the workers. As a result, mental revolution necessitates a total shift in both
management and labour mindsets.

Cooperation, Not Individualism

This idea, which is an outgrowth of the concept of ‘Harmony, not Discord,’
emphasises reciprocal collaboration between employees and management.
Cooperation, mutual trust, and a spirit of generosity should exist among
managers and employees. The goal is to replace internal rivalry with
collaboration.

Individual growth to achieve maximum efficiency and profitability

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3/5/24, 2:16 AM Understanding Taylor's scientific management principles and techniques

To a large part, the efficiency of every organisation is determined by the talents

and competencies of its people. As a result, providing workers with training was
deemed necessary for them to understand the best way established via a
scientific methodology. To achieve efficiency, actions should be made,
beginning with the personnel selection process. Workers should be chosen
using scientific methods.

Taylor’s Technique of Scientific Management

Fedrick Winslow Taylor imposed various scientific management techniques to

enhance workers’ productivity and the functioning of organisations. These
techniques were mainly proposed for the manufacturing and production
industry. Let’s learn about these techniques in detail.

1. Functional Foremanship: Taylor believed that to improve operational

activities, it is necessary to have tactical skills, intelligence, knowledge,
education, energy, leadership, honesty, and good health. He knew that it is
difficult for an individual to possess all these skills at a time.Therefore, he
divided managerial activities into two parts, i.e., planning and production.
Moreover, he suggested obtaining four clerks under each in charge who hold
expertise in their respective areas so that charges are not overburdened.
1. Work-study: The work-study was proposed to analyse the details of human
work and investigate various factors like time study, motion study, fatigue
study, and method study.
2. Standardisation of tools and Equipment: Taylor suggested improving the
standardisation of tools and couplings to reduce production costs and
enhance material quality in the production process.
3. Scientific task setting: Taylor felt the need to introduce a scientific task
setting to decide a payday’s work for a worker. Eventually, the method can
help prevent the workers from performing functions, not in their capacity.
4. The scientific setting of wage rates: Fedrick Winslow Taylor suggested
fixing workers’ wages to produce the standard output. Therefore, he gave an
idea to introduce a different piece wage system.
5. Scientific selection and training: A systematic selection procedure should
be done so that the organisation can get its potential workers. It includes the
employee’s selection, training, experience, and efficiency.

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6. Differential piece-rate plan: The different piece-rate plan was suggested to

attract the workers to contribute to the organisation. Taylor suggested paying
wages to the workers based on their capability and the amount of production
done daily.

Conclusion
While working in a steel manufacturing company in the US, F.W Taylor
experimented with the workplace environment and determined the optimal
performance level. By working on the project for several days, he designed his
theory and thus developed the best way to complete a task. In addition, his
theory has provided various aspects of technology and scientific methods to
engage employees with the company and increase their productivity and
efficiency.

Frequently asked questions

Get answers to the most common queries related to the CBSE Class 12 Examination
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What is the concept of Taylor's scientific management?

Answer: Taylor’s scientific management theory promotes that each work needs prior
clarity to perform better an...Read full

How many techniques does Taylor's theory have?

Answer: In Taylor’s technique, there are four techniques: 1. Functional Foremanship 2.
Standardisation and Sim...Read full

What are the elements of Taylor's scientific management?

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What are the advantages of technical management by Taylor?

Answer: There are several advantages of Taylor’s scientific management. They are:
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