3. The table gives some information about three substances, X, Y and Z. Conducts Conducts wn, Substance ™ wns electricity | electricity ws eet Rn [ when solid when molten iz at x low no no | covalent simple molecular Y high no no | z high no yes | (a) Complete the table by giving the missing information. (a) (b) Explain why substance X has a low melting point. (2) (a) Give the number of protons and the number of neutrons in an atom of iodine-127, (2) number of protons number of neutrons (b) Krypton is an unreactive element in the same group of the Periodic Table as argon, but in Period 4. It has an atomic number of 36. Deduce the electronic configuration of krypton. 2888 28.188 288288 Boao onwp 2888821 This question is about oxygen. (a) Oxygen can be stored in tanks as a liquid or as a gas. (i) Complete the diagram to show the arrangement of six more particles in a gas. a (i) Give a reason why a tank can store much more oxygen as a liquid. a (ili) Identify a hazard when storing oxygen as a gas. qa (a) Describe the forces of attraction in metallic bonding. %, “@) Complete the diagram, using dots and crosses, to show the arrangement of the outer electrons in a molecule of carbon dioxide.2. This question is about mixtures and compounds. (a) The box gives some techniques used to separate mixtures. crystallisation filtration fractional distillation simple distillation The table lists some substances and mixtures. Complete the table using words from the box to show the best technique to obtain the named substance from each mixture. Each technique may be used once, more than once or not at all. (3) Substance Mixture Technique solid sodium chloride aqueous sodium chloride water aqueous copper(ll) sulfate sand sand and water (b) State how the box represents a mixture. 1)(2) Food colourings are mixtures of food dyes. A student uses paper chromatography to separate the food dyes contained in Yee, food colouring D. The student places spots of three food dyes A, B and C and food colouring D on chromatography paper. The diagram shows the appearance of the paper after the experiment. Describe the composition of food colouring D. (2) (d) A compound has the formula Ca(HCO,). (i) Determine the number of different elements in Ca(HCO,), a) (ii), Determine the number of atoms in the formula of Ca(HCO;): qa)(a) The diagram represents an atom of an element. (i) What is the particle labelled W? a) electron neutron nucleus Boaaa one, proton (ii) An atom of this element contains 13 neutrons. What is the mass number of this element? a) OD ai Oo 8B GO c¢ 2 O pao (iii) State why atoms have no overall charge. a)(iv) What is the charge on the ion usually formed from this element? 1+ Baaa 0 nN ® > (b) There are two isotopes of the element lithium. Si Li (i) State why both isotopes react in the same way. (1) (ii) A sample of lithium contains 7.60% SLi and 92.4% 3Li Calculate the relative atomic mass, ,, of this sample of lithium. Give your answer to two decimal places. (3)8 Diamond, graphite and C.. fullerene are all forms of the element carbon. The diagram shows the structures of these three substances. cu dHE diamond graphite Co fullerene (a) Explain why graphite conducts electricity. (2) (b) Explain why diamond is hard but graphite is soft. (2) (0) Doctors use C.» fullerene to deliver medicines to certain parts of the body, so that the medicine does not damage other parts of the body. Suggest why C.o fullerene is suitable for this purpose. (1)This question is about propene. HOH lo H H—c—c=Cc g | H H Complete the dot-and-cross diagram for a molecule of propene (2) ii) Describe the forces of attraction that hold the atoms together in a molecule (2) of propene (ii) Propene and compound X both have simple molecular structures. Explain why compound X has a higher boiling point than propene (2)Use the Periodic Table to help you answer this question. (a) (i) Name the element with atomic number 14. (ii), Name the element in Group 2 and Period 3. a) ) (iil) Name an element that is a liquid at room temperature. a) (iv) Give the electronic configuration of an atom of phosphorus. o) (v) Give the formula of sodium sulfide. a) (b) Explain, in terms of electron configuration, why neon is unreactive. (2) (b) The diagram shows the position of some elements in the Periodic Table. Be F Pp Xe Use the Periodic Table on page 2 to help you answer this question. Goaa on wp How are elements arranged in the Periodic Table? a increasing atomic number increasing melting point increasing reactivity increasing relative atomic mass(ii), Which statement is correct about the position of phosphorus, P, in the Periodic Table? a Group 2 and Period 5 Group 3 and Period 5 Group 5 and Period 2 ooa ono > Group 5 and Period 3 (b) Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. The diagram shows how the particles are arranged in steel. iron atom — carbon atom (State what is meant by the term alloy. m Gi) Explain why an alloy is less malleable than a pure metal. 4,This question is about sodium oxide, Na;O (a) The diagram shows the electronic configuration of atoms of sodium and oxygen. Describe the changes in the electronic configuration of the atoms of so: ‘oxygen to form the ions in sodium oxide. (3) (©) Explain why solid sodium oxide does not conduct electricity. (2) (b) Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature. Describe the difference in the movement of particles in liquid mercury and ina solid metal. (2)(d) In the absence of air, magnesium reacts with sulfur to form the ionic compound magnesium sulfide, MgS (i) Give a reason why the reaction needs to be done in the absence of air. a) (ii) Describe, in terms of electrons, the formation of the ions in magnesium sulfide. Give the charges on the ions. (3) (ii) Explain why magnesium sulfide has a very high melting point. @) (©) An experiment involving ammonium chloride can be used to show the process of diffusion. The diagram shows the apparatus at the start of the experiment. cotton wool soaked in cotton wool soaked in concentrated ammonia solution concentrated hydrochloric acid N 7 At the end of the experiment, a white solid forms in the test tube. Explain which position, A, B or C, shows where the white solid forms. @)(b) The diagram shows the electronic configuration of a potassium atom and an oxygen atom, x . x 7 k . x oo potassium oxygen Potassium oxide (K,0) Is an ionic compound. Draw the electronic configuration of a potassium ion and an oxide ion. Show the charge on each ion. (3) potassium ion oxide ion0 25, cm? 50 x Yy Zz Diagrams are not to scale. (a) Give the names of X,Y and Z. (3) (a) The diagram shows the electronic configuration of an atom of an element. A Complete the table by giving the missing information (3) Name of the part of this atom labelled A Number of the group that contains this element Number of the period that contains this element(b) The table gives information about four different species, W, X, Y and Z. Species Number of protons Number of neutrons Number of electrons w 2 2 2 x 13 14 10 Y 7 18 7 Zz 7 20 17 (i) Give the mass number of W. (1) (ii) Give a reason why X has a 3+ charge. a) (iii) Explain why Y and Z are isotopes of the same element. (2) (<) Give the number of the Group in the Periodic Table that contains the elements that do not readily react. qa) (d) Give the number of different elements present in glucose, CsH,2O. a (b) Describe the differences in the movement of particles in solids and gases. (2)(©) Suggest how the melting point of a pure substance changes when an impurity is added. a) (b) Titanium(IV) chloride, TiCl,, and titanium(IV) oxide, TiO2, are both covalent compounds. TICI, is a liquid at room temperature. TiO, is a solid with a high melting point. Explain these properties in terms of the structures of the two compounds (5)The diagram shows a chromatogram of the food dyes in four different food colourings, A, B, Cand D. 8 ‘| solvent front 0 start line A B c D (2) (i) Give the letter of the food colouring that contains three different food dyes. (1) (ii) Give the letters of the two food colourings that contain the same dye. a) (iii) Using the scale on the diagram, determine the R; value of the dye in food colouring C. R= (iv) Give a reason why the dye in food colouring D moves the furthest from the start line. (1)(b) Describe how a student could obtain a chromatogram similar to the one shown in the diagram. (4) (0) Lithium carbonate has ionic bonding. State what is meant by the term ionic bonding. (2)yequinu 2joym 3sa120u ay) 0} papunos usaq Jou axey auUO]YO pue Jaddod Jo SesseW 2]UWOIe aANeje4 OY ‘Ponuo weed ney (¢0L-06 Sioquinu 2}uI0}e) sprounse oys pue (+/-95 S1oquinu sJwWOHe) sproueygue; OUL y por ayn usu sequinu (uojoud) WOE loquifs 2qwoye sew oWwO}e enejo! Tox syuawie|y 84} JO age] D1polied ey,