TUGAS SSI: Pengumpulan dan Analisis Data

SOAL 1: Studi Kasus “Panorama Televisions”

Panorama Televisions have been involved in the manufacture of electrical goods since the
early days of the radio. They now concentrate on the production of high quality, premium
priced televisions for the international market. There are four televisions in their product
range: small, medium, large and internet enabled. Panorama’s manufacturing site is shown
in Figure 1. Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) are assembled in one facility and then transported,
by overhead conveyor, to the television assembly plant. Once the televisions are assembled
and fully tested they are taken to the warehouse, stored and then shipped to the customer.
Two forklift trucks transport the televisions from the assembly plant to the warehouse. Last
year, to meet increased demand, Panorama invested in a new television assembly plant.
Also, after some negotiation with the unions, all areas of the site moved to continuous
working over a five days week. However, the plant has never achieved its target throughput
of 500 units per day. In fact, daily throughput is only just over 400 units.

Figure 1 Panorama Televisions: manufacturing site

The plant is shown in Figure 2. Plastic moulded boxes are loaded to a pallet by an operator
at OP10. A production schedule, which is based on projected demand, determines the type
of box to be loaded (small, medium, large or for internet enabled). At OP20 the LCD is
assembled to the box before the circuit board is added at OP30. The televisions travel on a
conveyor and five manual operators assemble the electrical equipment, OP40. The
television is then tested and any failures go to the rework area. Good televisions have the
back assembled at OP50 and are unloaded from the line at OP60 by an operator. The empty
pallets are returned by conveyor to OP10 and the televisions are stored on a circular sling
conveyor. A television is taken from the conveyor when a final test booth becomes
available. Televisions failing this test are sent for final rework. Televisions passing are stored
on another sling conveyor and are packed at OP70. Packed televisions are transported to
the warehouse by forklift truck. The final test and packing area are often short of work and
there is enough spare capacity to achieve 500 units per day. The management at Panorama
believe that the throughput problem is a result of the number of stoppages on the main
assembly line. On automated machines there are a significant number of breakdowns, and
set-ups are required every time there is a change of product in the production schedule.
There is only one maintenance engineer per shift who is required to attend all machine
breakdowns and set-ups.

Figure 2 Panorama Televisions: television assembly plant

There seems to be little opportunity to improve the efficiency of the machines, nor can the
production schedule be changed since it is driven by customer demand. The solution being
considered is to increase the buffering between the operations to dampen the effects of
stoppages. Design engineers have considered this proposal and believe that, due to physical
constraints on space, the buffering could be increased by a maximum of 200 per cent. This
will also require further pallets to be bought. In fact, there is some uncertainty as to
whether enough pallets are currently being used. Increasing the number of pallets may
provide a solution without the need for further storage. Extra storage is expensive, so
before investing Panorama want to be sure it is necessary. Also, special pallets have to be
used at a cost of $1000 each, so it is important to minimise the number required. Target
throughput must be achieved, but expenditure should be kept to a minimum. The
management at Panorama would like some proposals on how to improve the line within ten
working days.

Identifikasi data dan informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat model simulasi dari kasus
Panorama Television. Selain data struktural, data operasional, dan data numerik, lakukan
juga identifikasi data-data tersebut dengan kategori sebagai berikut:
1. Kategori A: Available
2. Kategori B: Not available but collectable
3. Kategori C: Not available and not collectable
Untuk ketiga kategori di atas berikan penjelasan/alasannya masuk kategori A atau B atau C,
dan juga apa yang harus dilakukan jika data termasuk kategori C

SOAL 2: A Goodness-of-fit test

While doing your homework one afternoon, you notice that you are frequently interrupted
by friends. You decide to record the times between interruptions to see if they might be
exponentially distributed. Here are 30 observed times (in minutes) that you have recorded;
conduct a goodness-of-fit test to see if the data are exponentially distributed. (Hint: Use the
data average as an estimate of the mean. For the range, assume a range between 0 and
infinity. Divide the cells based on equal probabilities ( pi ) for each cell rather than equal cell
intervals.)

SOAL 3: Fitting distribusi teoritis (berdasarkan karakteristik sistem)

Which statistical distributions would be most appropriate for modelling the following
processes?
• Process 1: the weight of a bottle leaving a filling process
• Process 2: the time between failure of a machine
• Process 3: the check-in time at an airport
• Process 4: the number of orders for a product received at a warehouse from a
retail outlet
SOAL 4: Fitting distribusi teoritis (berdasarkan uji statistik)
Table below provides 100 values collected from the four processes listed in Tugas 3. The
mean and standard deviation of the data are also calculated. Fit statistical distributions to
the data for each of the processes.

Observatio Process Process Process Process

n 1 2 3 4
1 9.91 9.21755 2.65 5
2 9.53 142.887 3.40 8
3 9.99 32.0088 2.64 6
4 10.04 75.3285 3.38 8
5 10.53 49.1267 2.36 3
6 10.26 175.021 5.19 2
7 9.88 71.0796 1.64 2
8 9.13 281.486 3.06 9
9 10.46 111.284 1.69 5
10 10.11 106.306 3.54 5
11 9.72 2.84187 2.15 3
12 10.67 81.3795 2.13 6
13 11.06 73.582 2.23 6
14 10.07 35.6692 1.78 3
15 9.67 57.6838 1.15 4
16 10.24 45.8048 2.17 5
17 9.24 24.2765 2.35 8
18 11.00 274.122 1.80 9
19 10.52 2.24356 1.00 4
20 10.40 143.062 1.49 5
21 10.58 108.228 2.04 8
22 10.32 104.382 2.08 5
23 9.30 96.5035 1.20 7
24 10.20 43.0083 1.59 4
25 10.13 40.149 1.60 5
26 10.71 352.755 2.01 4
27 9.61 392.27 1.30 5
28 10.56 176.637 1.95 3
29 10.25 215.806 2.36 5
30 10.33 71.1458 2.31 4
31 10.14 6.60153 2.23 5
32 9.66 230.495 1.80 2
33 10.99 33.5363 2.31 5
34 10.72 42.5306 3.55 7
35 9.74 110.969 1.90 8
36 10.97 235.793 2.25 7
37 11.29 115.948 3.21 6
38 9.55 405.556 2.08 2
39 10.18 20.1971 2.28 6
40 11.52 11.3048 1.16 7
41 10.71 353.97 1.06 8
42 10.85 96.9523 0.87 6
43 9.61 69.7782 3.14 5
44 10.30 515.399 1.19 5
45 9.64 600.295 0.92 12
Observatio Process Process Process Process
n 1 2 3 4
46 9.30 398.934 2.47 4
47 9.47 503.44 1.29 5
48 10.12 11.1054 0.76 6
49 9.24 3.57827 3.13 4
50 9.87 289.247 2.47 9
51 9.86 6.68169 1.00 7
52 10.44 24.4547 1.84 8
53 10.03 123.56 2.99 3
54 10.32 46.0386 2.86 6
55 10.99 524.57 4.48 1
56 10.02 63.9097 4.16 5
57 10.35 8.00313 2.74 4
58 10.42 24.1011 4.68 5
59 9.46 20.4822 3.03 2
60 10.21 45.088 2.64 3
61 9.74 147.438 1.67 1
62 8.77 85.8522 2.91 5
63 10.11 136.507 1.51 3
64 10.54 35.2654 2.91 4
65 9.82 241.444 3.53 3
66 9.28 4.15181 4.78 3
67 9.60 109.756 3.31 7
68 10.39 3.45408 2.26 4
69 9.87 48.5153 2.53 4
70 10.98 131.61 1.42 5
71 10.39 160.766 2.93 9
72 9.31 30.2505 1.03 5
73 10.27 131.609 2.26 4
74 10.28 159.829 1.97 5
75 10.49 157.356 2.68 7
76 9.37 121.353 5.09 6
77 9.39 143.064 0.30 7
78 9.75 109.298 2.26 4
79 9.85 531.32 1.47 2
80 10.28 53.4291 3.09 3
81 10.33 45.0377 3.79 6
82 9.13 89.1195 1.79 2
83 9.99 51.2836 2.41 9
84 10.27 6.98948 1.95 4
85 9.74 120.514 2.08 5
86 10.71 263.818 1.54 8
87 9.88 273.378 0.76 6
88 10.29 87.814 2.81 5
89 9.88 274.103 1.36 3
90 10.36 1509.39 2.52 7
91 9.92 523.546 1.06 5
92 10.23 33.194 2.04 8
93 10.10 423.614 0.98 2
94 9.93 121.732 2.04 4
95 10.62 81.2766 0.93 5
96 10.56 16.2324 1.96 7
97 9.86 61.1575 1.42 3
Observatio Process Process Process Process
n 1 2 3 4
98 9.72 77.974 1.62 4
99 9.77 278.813 1.18 6
100 10.68 121.635 3.77 7
Mean 10.11 153.41 2.25 5.16
St. Dev. 0.52 197.67 1.00 2.09