‭Read the following passage carefully then answer the following questions.

(‭ 1) As we scroll through our social media feeds each day, most people enjoy videos of adorable‬
‭animals or stunning photos of natural landscapes. (2) Far from simply brightening our day,‬
‭engagement with the natural world through social media may actually be helping to save our planet.‬

(‭ 3) Both individuals and organizations increasingly use social media to raise awareness of‬
‭environmental issues and support conservation research. (4) A research article, news report, or‬
‭photograph that “goes viral” can reach a global audience in a matter of minutes, connecting‬
‭interested people with each other and allowing for a nearly immediate exchange of ideas. (5) In‬
‭2012, for example, a high school student posted a picture of an unusual lizard he saw in a local park‬
‭to a nature-focused social network, where other members identified the lizard and noted how far it‬
‭was from its known habitat. (6) This in turn became useful data for researchers studying these‬
‭lizards and their changing ecosystem.‬

(‭ 7) The global audience provided by social media can also have a considerable economic impact for‬
‭environmental causes. (8) Consumer pressure following the viral circulation of photos of turtles and‬
‭other marine life injured by plastic drinking straws, for example, has led major corporations to seek‬
‭more environmentally sustainable options. (9) Partly because viral content often makes people get‬
‭all weepy, social media has also provided powerful fund-raising opportunities. (10) After a video‬
‭recently circulated showing a rescued chimpanzee who enjoys playing with dolls, online donations‬
‭to the rescue organization began pouring in. (11) Many social media platforms allow users to set up‬
‭a donation campaign for an organization they support without any real effort on the part of the‬
‭organization itself, increasing the benefit of even small donations.‬

(‭ 12) While some may argue that “hashtag activism” and online discussion have little real-world‬
‭impact on individual behavior or public policy, social media is proving to be an increasingly‬
‭powerful tool to draw attention—and resources—to conservation efforts. The writer wants to‬
‭support the main argument of the second paragraph (sentences 3-6) by adding information from‬
‭another reliable source.‬
1‭ . The writer wants to support the main argument of the second paragraph (sentences 3-6) by‬
‭adding information from another reliable source.‬

‭Each of the following sources would achieve this purpose EXCEPT‬

‭(A)‬ ‭a report from a major wildlife conservation organization that shows a significant increase in‬
‭the number of its social media followers who engaged with the organization’s online content‬
‭(B)‬ ‭a blog post on a university environmental club’s Website about how the club used social‬
‭media to organize an awareness event with partners in eleven countries‬
‭(C)‬ ‭an article published in a scholarly journal that details how a research team used social media‬
‭to recruit volunteers to assist with data collection on bird habitats‬
‭(D)‬ ‭a newspaper article about a community garden club that distributed several thousand‬
‭pollinator-friendly seed packets after a video of the club members singing about bees went‬
‭viral‬
‭(E)‬ ‭a video from a marketing research firm that promotes services offered to environmental‬
‭groups, such as developing brand images that will increase their social media presence‬

2‭ . In sentence 9 (reproduced below), which version of the underlined text best maintains the tone of‬
‭the passage?‬

‭ artly because viral content often‬‭makes people get all weepy‬‭, social media has also provided‬
P
‭powerful fundraising opportunities.‬

‭Each of the following sources would achieve this purpose EXCEPT‬

‭(A)‬ ‭(as it is now)‬
‭(B)‬ ‭hits people right in the stomach‬
‭(C)‬ ‭manipulates people’s emotions‬
‭(D)‬ ‭has a strong emotional appeal‬
‭(E)‬ ‭wrings tears from its viewers‬
‭Read the following passage carefully then answer the following questions.‬

(‭ 1) In the early twentieth century, many authors felt that traditional literature could not capture the‬
‭rapidly changing modern world and argued that new, experimental forms of writing were necessary.‬
‭(2) Their movement, which came to be known as modernism, was influenced by many historical‬
‭factors, including changing social norms and advances in science and technology. (3) But perhaps‬
‭the most important factor in convincing authors that theyneeded new ways of writing was the First‬
‭World War.‬

(‭ 4) Some writers, such as the poets Siegfried Sassoon and Wilfred Owen, had firsthand experiences‬
‭as soldiers that led them to depart from shopworn stuff that made warfare seem all right and depict‬
‭the ugly realities of war. (5) When Owen described the “shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells” in‬
‭the poem “Anthem for Doomed Youth,” for example, both the subject matter and its frank‬
‭presentation signaled a departure from earlier representations of war.‬

(‭ 6) Even writers who did not experience combat were deeply affected by the First World War,‬
‭because the unexpectedly long-lasting and destructive conflict undermined faith in traditional ways‬
‭of storytelling. (7) Some writers, such as Virginia Woolf and James Joyce, turned away from‬
‭straightforward narration and toward a stream-of-consciousness style that recorded characters’‬
‭confused rush of thoughts and impressions. (8) Explaining this style, Woolf noted that “the mind,‬
‭exposed to the ordinary course of life, receives upon its surface a myriad impressions. . . From all‬
‭sides they come, an incessant shower of innumerable atoms, composing in their sum what we might‬
‭venture to call life itself.” (9) Portraying life as a bombardment of impressions on the mind, Woolf‬
‭was one of the most important modernist novelists.‬

(‭ 10) The disruption of war was not the only stimulus for modernism in the early twentieth century.‬
‭(11) As literature professor Laura Frost points out, modernist literary works are “conspicuously‬
‭labor intensive.” (12) But the First World War changed people’s lives and perceptions like no other‬
‭factor at the time did, and for this reason war should be seen as the primary impetus for modernism.‬
3‭ . In sentence 4 (reproduced below), which of the following versions of the underlined text is most‬
‭consistent with the overall tone and style of the passage?‬

S‭ ome writers, such as the poets Siegfried Sassoon and Wilfred Owen, had firsthand experiences as‬
‭soldiers that led them to depart from‬‭shopworn stuff that made warfare seem all right‬‭and depict the‬
‭ugly realities of war.‬

(‭ A)‬ (‭ as it is now)‬
‭(B)‬ ‭the hyped-up descriptions of war that used to be written‬
‭(C)‬ ‭the exalted likenesses that typified portrayals of war in bygone days‬
‭(D)‬ ‭the glorified images of combat seen in older literary works‬
‭(E)‬ ‭literary depictions from times of yore aggrandizing the fray‬

4‭ . The writer wants to do research to find additional sources that support the writer’s main‬
‭argument. All of the following are likely to be reliable research sources EXCEPT‬

(‭ A)‬ a‭ n excerpt from a novel by James Joyce that uses the stream-of-consciousness style‬
‭(B)‬ ‭a blog post ranking the blogger’s five favorite modernist novels‬
‭(C)‬ ‭an entry on modernism in a well-known encyclopedia‬
‭(D)‬ ‭an article from an academic journal discussing the poetic styles of a modernist writer not‬
‭mentioned in the passage‬
‭(E)‬ ‭an essay about the First World War in a literary reference book‬