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Correction and administration

criminology (Western Mindanao State University)

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Institutional Correction

PENOLOGY
 The term is derived from the Latin word “POENA” which means pain or suffering.
CORRECTION defined:
 A branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with the custody, supervision and rehabilitation of
criminal offenders.
 as one of the pillars of Criminal Justice System is considered as the weakest pillar. This is because of
its failure to deter individuals in committing crimes as well as the reformation of inmates.
PURPOSES/JUSTIFICATIONS OF PUNISHMENT
1. Retribution – the punishment should be provided by the state whose sanction is violated, to afford the
society or the individual the opportunity of imposing upon the offender suitable punishment as might be
enforced. Offenders should be punished because they deserve it.
a. Evasion of Service of Sentence (Art 157-159, RPC)
1. Evasion of Service under Art 157, RPC
Elements:
Offender is a prisoner serving sentence involving deprivation of liberty by reason of final

judgment.
 He evades the service of his sentence during the term of his imprisonment.
Bureau of Prisons was renamed Bureau of Corrections under Executive Order 292 passed during the
Aquino Administration.
It states that the head of the Bureau of Corrections is the Director of Prisons who is appointed by the
President of the Philippines with the confirmation of the Commission of Appointments.
- Camp Sampaguita (medium)
- Insular or National Prisoners
- Those sentenced to suffer a term of sentence of 3 years and 1 day to life imprisonment.
1. Provincial Prisoners
- Those persons sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from 6 months and 1 day to 3 years
or a fine not more than 1,000 pesos, or both;
2. City Prisoners
- Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from 1 day to 3 years or a fine of not more than
1,000 pesos or both.
1. Municipal Prisoners
- Those confined in Municipal jails to serve an imprisonment from 1 day to 6 months.
1. Maximum Security Prisoners
- The group of prisoners whose escape could be dangerous to the public or to the security of the state.
- It consist of constant troublemakers but not as dangerous as the super maximum-security
prisoners.
- wear orange color of uniform.
JAIL – is a place for locking-up of persons who are convicted of minor offenses or felonies who are to
serve a short sentences imposed upon them by a competent court, or for confinement of persons who are
awaiting trial or investigation of their cases.
. Provincial Jails
Provincial Jails in the Philippines are not under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Corrections. They are
managed and controlled by the provincial government.
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
The BJMP exercises supervision and control over all cities and municipal jails throughout the country.
The enactment of Republic Act no. 6975 created the BJMP. It operates as a line bureau under the Department
of the Interior and Local Government (DILG).

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The BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS is an agency under the Department of Justice that is charged with custody
and rehabilitation of national offenders, that is, those sentenced to serve a term of imprisonment of more than
three (3) years.
- Headed by a Director
- Diversification is an administrative device of correctional institutions of providing varied and flexible
types of physical plants for the more effective custody, security and control of the treatment
programs of its diversified population.
Classification
 The process of assigning or grouping of inmates according to their sentence, gender, age,
nationality, health, criminal records and other pertinent facts as basis.
 Special allowance for loyalty - It is a deduction of 1/5 of the period of sentence to any prisoner who,
having evaded the service of his sentence under the circumstances in art. 158 RPC gives himself up to
the authority within 48 hours following the issuance of a proclamation announcing the passing away of
the calamity by the President of the Philippines
 “ART. 98. Special time allowance for loyalty. – A deduction of one fifth of the period of his sentence
shall be granted to any prisoner who, having evaded his preventive imprisonment or the service of his
sentence under the circumstances mentioned in Article 158 of this Code, gives himself up to the
authorities within 48 hours following the issuance of a proclamation announcing the passing
away of the calamity or catastrophe referred to in said article. A deduction of two-fifths of the
period of his sentence shall be granted in case said prisoner chose to stay in the place of his
confinement notwithstanding the existence of a calamity or catastrophe enumerated in Article 158 of
this Code.
 “This Article shall apply to any prisoner whether undergoing preventive imprisonment or serving
sentence.” so answer Ninyo dapat TRUE
What do you call a person within a period of ten years from the date of his release or last conviction of the
crimes of serious or less serious physical injuries, robbery, theft, estafa or falsification is found guilty of any of
the said crimes a third time or oftener? ANS: Habitual Delinquency

WHAT IS COMMUTATION OF SENTENCE? It is the reduction of the period of a prison sentence.

REPRIEVE-

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A (temporary) relief from harm or discomfort. An interruption in the intensity or amount of something. A
warrant granting postponement (usually to postpone the execution of the death sentence)
107. WHAT IS PAROLE? It is the release of a prisoner from prison after serving the minimum period of his
indeterminate sentence.
a. A progress report when a parolee commits another offense during the period of his parole supervision and the
case filed against him has not yet been decided by the court or on the conduct of the parolee while under supervision;
b. An infraction report when the parolee has been subsequently convicted another crime;
c. A violation report when the parolee commits any violation of the terms and conditions appearing in his release
document or any serious deviation or non-observance of the obligations set forth in the parole supervision program.
Pardon. Is a form of executive clemency granted by the President of the Philippines as a privilege extended to
a convict as a discretionary act of grace.
Amnesty. A special form of pardon exercised by the President of the Republic is amnesty. Amnesty is a
general pardon extended to a certain class of people who are usually political offenders.
- Amnesty needs the concurrence of congress
- Reprieve is the temporary stay of the execution of a sentence.
- Commutation of Sentence. Shall refer to the reduction of the duration of a prison sentence. It is
another prerogative of the President.
- It is an act of clemency by which a heavier or longer sentence is reduced to a lighter or shorter
term.
“Parole” as the conditional release of an offender from the penal or correctional institution after he has served the
minimum period of his prison sentence under the continued custody of the State and under conditions that permit his
re- incarceration if he violates a condition for his release.
- Supervision – the relationship between probationer and the probation officer
-

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Pre-Morning Meeting is done early in the morning prior to the Morning Meeting.
It commences with the Opening Prayer, Singing of the Philippine National Anthem and the recitation of
the TC Philosophy.
(1) public announcements and community - The first part of the meeting consists of public announcements
regarding important activities or businesses and other information that the community needs to know.
Behavior Shaping Tools (BST) is employed to strengthen the learning process and the practice of more
adaptive behaviors within the social learning environment.

- serve as a guide to determine which of the tools are appropriate to be used based on the severity
of the infraction or violations committed by the residents against the TC Rules.
EXPULSION
- In extreme cases, when a resident is incorrigible and becomes a threat to the community
- Last level

Counseling is defined as a professional activity of helping individuals, groups or communities enhance

or restore their capacity for psychological, emotional and social functioning and creating an environment
favorable for the attainment of these goals.
*Empathy is the ability to perceive the client’s feelings and to demonstrate accurate perception of the
client.
STATIC GROUPS
The Static Group is a permanent group of peers and leaders that meet regularly while the residents are
in treatment. It is a sort of “home” group who provides support for one another and to the new members of the
community.
Secrets are a group activity where participants are given the opportunity to unload emotional baggage
and thus experience freedom from internal psychological conflicts.
The Encounter Group serves as a “safety valve” within the community which is usually high
pressured and structured.
The Extended Groups (Probe, Marathon) are usually composed of 5- 12 residents and is being
facilitated by 2 highly trained staff members.
TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHIES

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The unwritten philosophy of TC consists of slogans or aphorisms that are verbally given to the residents
to impart the beliefs and values of TC in relation to their day to day living.
The debate is introduced to provide the residents the opportunity to learn how to reason ably and put
together arguments in a logical manner.

Rodolfo Azurin Jr.

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