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This article explores the tensions within the relation between journalistic practice and the
construction of the idea of the nation and the multiplicity of media and cultures which inhabit the
spheres of journalism and nation. It presents a critical analysis of theoretical and empirical research
studies of police organisations in Britain, South Africa, Australia and the USA. Immigrants in South
Africa experience multiple forms of discrimination and oppression which manifest in covert and
overt experiences of xenophobia. These attacks remain a topical issue in, academic, media, social,
economic and political circles. Download Free PDF View PDF The third wave: Mixed migration
from Zimbabwe to South Africa Abel Chikanda, Godfrey Tawodzera Download Free PDF View
PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently unavailable.
Therefore, some selected poems of Dennis Brutus and Joseph Eureca are analysed and used to
portray the violent nature of apartheid, which has triggered a violent reaction on the African
immigrants years after the dismantling of the nefarious law and the eventual end of the system.
Understanding the main reasons why hate speech on the Net often go unreported is a starting point
to draw guidelines for reporting and tips for monitoring online materials promoting violent
extremism (FRA, 2012). In fact, a huge amount of disguised racist contents is currently published on
the Internet in form of occasional bigotry or individuals’ outburst, whereas they are, as a matter of
fact, intended to foster racist attitudes among people and to support racism normalization. On the
other hand, the xenophobic people can call their views “nationalist” to make them more attractive.
You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Download Free PDF View PDF See Full
PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. In an attempt to
discourage xenophobic behaviours, th. Nowadays, racist claims are not only pursued in terms of
blatant racism. Afterwards, the main steps for reporting violent extremism on the most used social
media (Facebook, Twitter, Wikipedia and You Tube) will be outlined: acquiring this knowledge
makes it easier for law enforcement to adopt a victim-centered approach and effectively help victims
by pointing them to the right path of reporting online. This research is therefore targeted to address
the question on the role played by apartheid towards nurturing the contemporary xenophobic attacks
in South Africa. As is demonstrated in this book, this is even truer for reporting about immigration,
as most people will never meet refugees in person but will instead refer to real-life experiences
communicated to them by the media. This is undertaken through qualitative content analysis of the
editorial, news, opinion and feature articles in order to identify themes and news values selected for
the coverage of the violence. It is rather a recognition that the right to freedom of expression carries
with it special duties and responsibilities. The sociological and dialectical theories are employed in
this study to serve as a guide and to put it into better perspective. Therefore, the paper argues that
xenophobia is not only an inhumane problem faced by foreigners, but also by locals in South Africa.
Intolerance to the so called cultivated tolerant may sometimes be more reasonable than vice versa.
Undoubtedly, such kind of hidden racist expressions are intended to deploy favorable conditions as
the financial crisis, the increase of social conflict and the rise of populist issues in politics. While
Islamophobia is a concept that was coined in the 20th century representing the fear and hatred of
Muslims as individuals, a group, or a concept, Muslims or Islam have been held culpable for a
number of humanity's shortfalls, and the hatred towards them is as old as the religion itself. Moving
in this perspective the LIGHT ON project elaborated, within the training manual on Investigating
and Reporting Hate Speech Online (UNICRI, 2014), a set of general tips for online reporting, with a
particular focus on the main social networks as one of the main vehicles for spreading violent
extremism and populist propaganda. By utilizing a mainly qualitative method supplemented with
secondary sources, the aim of this paper is to ponder xenophobia within the realms of post-1994
South Africa. The study also looks at the reason behind the transfer of aggression by the perpetrators
of xenophobia onto their victims, who are looking for their means of survival. Similar situations have
been also found in other European countries such as Slovenia, Finland, Hungary and United
Kingdom, as it emerged by Light On research (Boileau, Del Bianco, Velea, 2014). NAME:
MORONGE BETTY KAGWIRIA I: D 635689 SUPERVISOR: DOREEN ALUSA COURSE:
SENIOR YEAR PROJECT COURSE CODE: IRL 4900 SPRING 2015 DUE DATE: 14 TH AUG
2015 Betty Moronge The year 1994 saw the South African state being oriented into a new nation.
Download Free PDF View PDF Criminal Law Forum Criminalising Hate Crime and Hate Speech at
EU Level: Extending the List of Eurocrimes Under Article 83(1) TFEU Nina Persak Download Free
PDF View PDF Monitoring racist and xenophobic extremism to counter hate speech online: ethical
dilemmas and methods of a preventive approach. With the South African government striving
towards establishing a culture of respect for human rights in its citizens, the question that arises is -
- what are the causes and consequences of such xenophobic attacks that flagrantly violate the very
proclamation of the principles of human rights.
An interdisciplinary study, it focuses on socio-political and historical aspects of Islamophobia in
Muslim majority societies. Moving in this perspective the LIGHT ON project elaborated, within the
training manual on Investigating and Reporting Hate Speech Online (UNICRI, 2014), a set of
general tips for online reporting, with a particular focus on the main social networks as one of the
main vehicles for spreading violent extremism and populist propaganda. You may read and order
excellent examples and buy essays made from scratch. All of them are undoubtedly begotten by
society itself and never exist out of their carrier. It affects the way in which the local population will
act and react. The report also looks at the scope and effectiveness of the existing legislative
framework on hate speech and related regulations such as media codes of ethics. This method is
affordable, efficient and effective as per the time allocated to submit the work. While Islamophobia
is a concept that was coined in the 20th century representing the fear and hatred of Muslims as
individuals, a group, or a concept, Muslims or Islam have been held culpable for a number of
humanity's shortfalls, and the hatred towards them is as old as the religion itself. Among other
things, we conclude that since the readers’ interpretations are filtered through lenses of subjectivities
defined by communicative contexts characterized by job scarcity, poverty, crime and wanting
healthcare, the news content heightens anxiety and miseducates more than it enlightens readers on
migration issues. The viewpoint that the current practice of intentional cultivation of xenophobia is a
proven method of controlling a group of persons is quite reasonable speculation, indeed. Part of this
challenge stems from dealing with polarized host communities that either support or oppose
migration. The study draws on some of the news values enshrined two newspapers, Sunday Times
(South African newspaper) and Sunday Mail (Zimbabwean newspaper), coverage of the xenophobic
violence and framing of the violence that occurred during 2015. Occasionally one can refer to it as
obsessive fear of other people, that is a phobia in the clinical sense. The viewpoint that the current
practice of intentional cultivation of xenophobia is a proven method of controlling a group of
persons is quite reasonable speculation, indeed. NAME: MORONGE BETTY KAGWIRIA I: D
635689 SUPERVISOR: DOREEN ALUSA COURSE: SENIOR YEAR PROJECT COURSE
CODE: IRL 4900 SPRING 2015 DUE DATE: 14 TH AUG 2015 Betty Moronge The year 1994 saw
the South African state being oriented into a new nation. You can download the paper by clicking
the button above. These attacks remain a topical issue in, academic, media, social, economic and
political circles. Intolerance to the so called cultivated tolerant may sometimes be more reasonable
than vice versa. However, there is a significant difference between these two concepts: the supporters
of nationalist views do not necessarily have negative feelings towards other nations, ethnic groups or
religions, but xenophobic people do have such. Based upon in-depth interviews with frontline health
care providers and participant observation at a public health care clinic in Musina sub-District, this
article demonstrates how discretion may play a crucial role in inclusive health care delivery to
migrants in a country marred by high xenophobic sentiment. Therefore, some selected poems of
Dennis Brutus and Joseph Eureca are analysed and used to portray the violent nature of apartheid,
which has triggered a violent reaction on the African immigrants years after the dismantling of the
nefarious law and the eventual end of the system. This change, however, is not properly reflected in
the European mass media, neither in the portrayal or representation of immigrants in the mainstream
media. In this regard, this paper adopt Marxian dialectical materialism model and secondary data to
establish that xenophobic attacks against Non-South Africans emanates from the quest for material
survival. Intolerance to the so called cultivated tolerant may sometimes be more reasonable than vice
versa. It can cause animosity in relation to the principle of national, religious or social division, etc.
Very often fiction authors use the term to refer to the fear or hatred of the inhabitants of other
planets. Among them, there are racism, homophobia, sexism, anti-Semitism, chauvinism, etc. Based
on images and language interfaces, different media will also organize their own rhetoric according to
what they think their audience expects (Tetu, 2004: 9-10). Indeed, the European Commission against
Racism and Intolerance of the Council of Europe noted as “such public manifestations risk fuelling
racism, xenophobia, anti-Semitism and intolerance” (ECRI, 2013). In fact, a huge amount of
disguised racist contents is currently published on the Internet in form of occasional bigotry or
individuals’ outburst, whereas they are, as a matter of fact, intended to foster racist attitudes among
people and to support racism normalization.
However, there is a significant difference between these two concepts: the supporters of nationalist
views do not necessarily have negative feelings towards other nations, ethnic groups or religions, but
xenophobic people do have such. Developing a content analysis of influential press in a six-month
period, this report offers a cross-national comparative perspective on the dynamics of news reporting.
The findings of this paper revealed that these headlines are capable to putting readers on the edge
and thus incite xenophobic violence across the country. The environment led to development of new
discrimination exercise on specific victims especially the black foreigner. The paper therefore opines
that South African state institutions should be strengthened, socioeconomic challenges mitigated,
migrant laws reviewed, and enlightenment and advocacy intensified as plausible measures to stem
the tide of xenophobic restiveness in South Africa. You can download the paper by clicking the
button above. Hence there is a danger of SAM becoming unwitting conveyors of the same vices they
preach against. Some scholars defined as “common sense racism” or “rational racism” the attempt to
talk against immigrants, refugees, minority members (as well as homosexuals and disabled) as
undesirable, avoiding to be labeled as “racist” (Capdevila and Callaghan, 2008; Meddaugh and Kay,
2009). It studies leading articles (that is, 446 in toto) from The Independent and The Washington
Post between November 2016 and December 2017, using DHA's analytical framework. To browse
Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade
your browser. In this regard, this paper adopt Marxian dialectical materialism model and secondary
data to establish that xenophobic attacks against Non-South Africans emanates from the quest for
material survival. Little is known about the public health impact of this migration, the healthcare
needs of the different categories of migrants, as well as their health-seeking strategies. Landau
Download Free PDF View PDF Development Southern Africa Discrimination and development. The
study draws on some of the news values enshrined two newspapers, Sunday Times (South African
newspaper) and Sunday Mail (Zimbabwean newspaper), coverage of the xenophobic violence and
framing of the violence that occurred during 2015. It is obvious that it is just time to make at lest one
new step in human evolution and depart from the primitive propositions and think before the thought
in your mind emerges what it may cause for the others. On the level of collective consciousness it
can turn out to be the second Nazism, genocide or even worse. In an attempt to discourage
xenophobic behaviours, th. Among the most important findings of the LIGHT ON project, the
monitoring role of users and their key function in reporting online hate speech and racist propaganda
emerge as essential tools in the fight against these phenomena, also in view of improving and
increasing the response of the law enforcement authorities. Occasionally one can refer to it as
obsessive fear of other people, that is a phobia in the clinical sense. The study therefore, will use
secondary data to collect and analyze the data required in the study. In fact, it is obvious that they
simply veil their xenophobia by means of familiar and widely accepted notions as if it justifies them.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds
to upgrade your browser. The Internet is playing a crucial role in racism normalization: racist
movements are well aware about the potential of social media in the diffusion of hate speech, and
they exploit virality by cloaking the real source(s) of such messages to manipulate people worries and
outrage and to promote sharing of such contents (Andrisani, 2014). It is incomprehensible,
inconceivable, and therefore dangerous and hostile attitude towards unknown. It has become
intolerant to intolerance so much perversely that even more dramatic and huge hatred was already
born. Therefore, the paper argues that xenophobia is not only an inhumane problem faced by
foreigners, but also by locals in South Africa. You can download the paper by clicking the button
above. Study and Research The past few decades witnessed an increase and diversification of
racism, xenophobia and hate crimes. This article contributes to the existing discourse by employing
levels of analysis as its analytical framework to analyse the recurrent anti-immigrant attitudes and
attacks in South Africa. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.
Therefore, some selected poems of Dennis Brutus and Joseph Eureca are analysed and used to
portray the violent nature of apartheid, which has triggered a violent reaction on the African
immigrants years after the dismantling of the nefarious law and the eventual end of the system. In
fact, it is obvious that they simply veil their xenophobia by means of familiar and widely accepted
notions as if it justifies them. Unknown has been mistreated and misunderstood for ages. Upload
Read for free FAQ and support Language (EN) Sign in Skip carousel Carousel Previous Carousel
Next What is Scribd. This complex and controversial issue refers to an important ethical dilemma:
how can we tackle this phenomenon without undermining freedom of speech. In fact, a huge amount
of disguised racist contents is currently published on the Internet in form of occasional bigotry or
individuals’ outburst, whereas they are, as a matter of fact, intended to foster racist attitudes among
people and to support racism normalization. The purpose of this research is to study Islamophobic
discourses in the media of two Western societies in order to better understand the nature of
Islamophobia in each: the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (USA). It also demonstrates
that the tools available focus only on some types of hate speech. Preventing and Combating Racism,
Xenophobia and Hate Crimes Preventing and Combating Racism, Xenophobia and Hate crimes:
from the Decisions of The European Commission to the Implementation in Member States.
Therefore, EU regulation is needed to reinforce the existing standards and take measures to counter
hate speech and counter-act against hate speech and hate crime. It relative robust economy, military
might, infrastructure, transportation networks, financial institutions, the private sector and political
stability has made it be a receiving migrant state. It demonstrates the limitations of unilateral national
content legislation and the difficulties inherent in multilateral efforts to regulate the Internet. This
points to a new social reality that goes beyond the psychological problem, now referred to as
Islamophobia. Among them, there are racism, homophobia, sexism, anti-Semitism, chauvinism, etc.
On the other hand, the xenophobic people can call their views “nationalist” to make them more
attractive. This paper therefore, engages the reports of selected news media in Nigeria, South African
and other media houses with a view to explicating the ideologies that underpin each report seeing
through the insight of Van Dijk, Norman Fairclough and Ruth Wodak’s models of Critical Discourse
Analysis. As the topic issimilarly a rather polarizing one, an event of high scholarly quality could
notbe taken for granted. The world is so perverted that former fighters for freedom are the prisoners
of their own freedom. One of the most striking examples of such process is the rise of White
Supremacist Movements online, whose strategy mainly consists in disguising their hidden political
agenda and attempting to subvert civil rights by presenting their standpoints through an overturn of
the rhetoric of the civil rights movement, aimed to destroy civil rights themselves (Daniels, 2009).
Me-dia narratives can either reinforce stereotypes and biases or contribute to a more compassionate
and informed society, significantly affecting the lives of vulnera-ble populations and the
communities they inhabit. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely,
please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. The article highlights how the US commitment
to free speech has undermined European efforts to construct a truly international regulatory system.
Therefore, the transition of former liberators into oppressors is emphasised in this research, just as it
is in the case of the victims of apartheid who have become the oppressors themselves. It concludes
that xenophobia is indeed pervasive and that effectively ameliorating this pathology requires a
conscious and comprehensive diagnosis of the manifestation of xenophobia at the individual, state
and interstate levels. Based on the national studies and reports, the current report draws meaningful
correlations between incidents of hate speech and developments on a national and EU level related
to the recent refugee crisis and migration flows to Europe. These attacks are viewed by the
international community as incompatible with 21st century civility. Since the 2008 xenophobic
violence in the country, there has been a growing literature on xenophobia in South Africa. The
sociological and dialectical theories are employed in this study to serve as a guide and to put it into
better perspective. The research seeks to establish the role of local media reporting on xenophobic
conflicts in South Africa. The matter is that by all means society is striving to develop without even
thinking of by which means.
As part of the recommendations of this study, the Student Representative Council (SRC) and other
student communities, together with students in general, have a role to play in promoting xenophobia-
free university campuses through antixenophobia campaigns.Transdisciplinarity Contribution: Most
xenophobic-related studies show that media reportage has an influence on xenophobic violence in
South Africa. In this nationalist revival the media and advanced communications technologies have
played a significant role, as evidenced by the debates following cases such as the Danish cartoon
controversy, and Dutch politician Geert Wilders’s film, Fitna. Member States have diverging rules,
and national public administrations are torn by disagreement in values. Moreover, even when the
online reporting fails, ISPs and Social Networking companies may have established policies to
collaborate more efficiently with national authorities on the regulation and removal of hate speech.
We shall first describe the Belgian media context and our hypotheses, corpus partition and
methodology, before moving to findings and discussion. You may read and order excellent examples
and buy essays made from scratch. This chapter contributes to these efforts by studying Belgian
French-language immigration TV news. However, this is just what organizers, speakers, andaudience
managed to achieve during this event, held during 18-19 July 2009at Monash University in
Melbourne. The viewpoint that the current practice of intentional cultivation of xenophobia is a
proven method of controlling a group of persons is quite reasonable speculation, indeed. The paper
therefore opines that South African state institutions should be strengthened, socioeconomic
challenges mitigated, migrant laws reviewed, and enlightenment and advocacy intensified as
plausible measures to stem the tide of xenophobic restiveness in South Africa. A total of 10 report on
the 2015-2019 xenophobia were purposively selected from the online outlets of these media houses.
Unknown has been mistreated and misunderstood for ages. Sociologists, however, stick to the idea
that a natural typical to human fear of the unknown is the basis of the xenophobia. The study
therefore, will use secondary data to collect and analyze the data required in the study.
Simultaneously, however, the media is more diverse and rhizomatic than ever and offers potential for
cosmopolitanism, transnational ethical relations as well as radical anti-racist and anti-fascist
interventions. It relative robust economy, military might, infrastructure, transportation networks,
financial institutions, the private sector and political stability has made it be a receiving migrant
state. Unknown has been mistreated and misunderstood for ages. You can download the paper by
clicking the button above. Indeed, the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance of the
Council of Europe noted as “such public manifestations risk fuelling racism, xenophobia, anti-
Semitism and intolerance” (ECRI, 2013). In this regard, this paper adopt Marxian dialectical
materialism model and secondary data to establish that xenophobic attacks against Non-South
Africans emanates from the quest for material survival. Download Free PDF View PDF See Full
PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Very often fiction
authors use the term to refer to the fear or hatred of the inhabitants of other planets. The findings of
this paper revealed that these headlines are capable to putting readers on the edge and thus incite
xenophobic violence across the country. The core values of the EU Treaty, such as the respect for
human dignity and human rights, are undermined by hatred. You can download the paper by clicking
the button above. The study tries to analyze the reason xenophobia has transformed the attitude of
South Africa?s towards black foreigners as their enemies. To browse Academia.edu and the wider
internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Occasionally
one can refer to it as obsessive fear of other people, that is a phobia in the clinical sense. To browse
Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade
your browser. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds
to upgrade your browser. These attacks remain a topical issue in, academic, media, social, economic
and political circles. On the other hand, the xenophobic people can call their views “nationalist” to
make them more attractive. Based upon in-depth interviews with frontline health care providers and
participant observation at a public health care clinic in Musina sub-District, this article demonstrates
how discretion may play a crucial role in inclusive health care delivery to migrants in a country
marred by high xenophobic sentiment. However, there is a significant difference between these two
concepts: the supporters of nationalist views do not necessarily have negative feelings towards other
nations, ethnic groups or religions, but xenophobic people do have such. Therefore, EU regulation is
needed to reinforce the existing standards and take measures to counter hate speech and counter-act
against hate speech and hate crime. In South Africa, print and broadcast media play a vital role in
sharing and communicating stories about foreigners and migrants. It looks at the European
Convention on Human Rights and how the European Court of Human Rights interprets the limits of
free speech when confronted with cases of hate speech. The role of the state and international actors
in solving the problem is pegged on creating awareness and educating the public on impact of
attacks as well as creating protective measures on its citizens to progress. You can download the
paper by clicking the button above. The e-book is a useful supplementary guide to those undertaking
the training provided by PRESERVERE (that will remain publicly available after the conclusion of
the project) and to whoever is interested in the implementation of anti-discrimination law more
generally. This points to a new social reality that goes beyond the psychological problem, now
referred to as Islamophobia. The report concludes with recommendations and guidelines on dealing
with hate speech at the policy and grassroots level, grouped around the following three major issues.
NAME: MORONGE BETTY KAGWIRIA I: D 635689 SUPERVISOR: DOREEN ALUSA
COURSE: SENIOR YEAR PROJECT COURSE CODE: IRL 4900 SPRING 2015 DUE DATE: 14
TH AUG 2015 Betty Moronge The year 1994 saw the South African state being oriented into a new
nation. I argue that in different ways, a more thorough engagement with critical and Marxist theories
of racism could contribute to a more accurate understanding of the phenomenon. It is obvious that it
is just time to make at lest one new step in human evolution and depart from the primitive
propositions and think before the thought in your mind emerges what it may cause for the others.
Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is
currently unavailable. By utilizing a mainly qualitative method supplemented with secondary
sources, the aim of this paper is to ponder xenophobia within the realms of post-1994 South Africa.
The lack of adequate means of prevention and response violates values enshrined in Article 2 of the
TEU. After re-emerging from its pariah state status, South Africa has over the last two decades made
major strides in its hegemonic ambitions in Southern Africa and Africa broadly. It demonstrates the
limitations of unilateral national content legislation and the difficulties inherent in multilateral efforts
to regulate the Internet. One of the most striking examples of such process is the rise of White
Supremacist Movements online, whose strategy mainly consists in disguising their hidden political
agenda and attempting to subvert civil rights by presenting their standpoints through an overturn of
the rhetoric of the civil rights movement, aimed to destroy civil rights themselves (Daniels, 2009).
On the level of collective consciousness it can turn out to be the second Nazism, genocide or even
worse. Particular attention will be assigned to visual manifestations of racism and xenophobia. The
findings of this paper revealed that these headlines are capable to putting readers on the edge and
thus incite xenophobic violence across the country. Download Free PDF View PDF Criminal Law
Forum Criminalising Hate Crime and Hate Speech at EU Level: Extending the List of Eurocrimes
Under Article 83(1) TFEU Nina Persak Download Free PDF View PDF Monitoring racist and
xenophobic extremism to counter hate speech online: ethical dilemmas and methods of a preventive
approach. After re-emerging from its pariah state status, South Africa has over the last two decades
made major strides in its hegemonic ambitions in Southern Africa and Africa broadly. The Internet is
playing a crucial role in racism normalization: racist movements are well aware about the potential of
social media in the diffusion of hate speech, and they exploit virality by cloaking the real source(s)
of such messages to manipulate people worries and outrage and to promote sharing of such contents
(Andrisani, 2014). Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview
Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Therefore, the paper argues that xenophobia is not only an
inhumane problem faced by foreigners, but also by locals in South Africa.
Notable in South African history is the apartheid regime and the present democratic age. It is safe to
conclude that apartheid has damaged the psyche of some of the black South Africans, which causes
them to fear the unknown. Thus, this paper has made use of headlines from the Daily Dispatch, The
Citizen, Sunday Times, Business Daily, and Independent Online news (IOL), between the period of
May 2008 to August 2018. Findings show that the two analyzed newspapers uncritically picked up
stories and purveyed them without a strong base facilitated by empirical research. Interestingly, most
of the selected newspapers in this paper have published vastly during this period, and they have been
accused of misrepresentation, biasness, unbalanced reportage mostly on xenophobic-related violence.
The method adopted was textual analysis of the selected South African newspapers’ headlines. On
the other hand, the xenophobic people can call their views “nationalist” to make them more
attractive. The core values of the EU Treaty, such as the respect for human dignity and human
rights, are undermined by hatred. It finds that in spite of several institutional and policy-related
challenges, frontline health care providers in Musina provided public health care services and HIV
treatment to black African migrants who are often at the receiving end of xenophobic sentiment and
violence. Based upon in-depth interviews with frontline health care providers and participant
observation at a public health care clinic in Musina sub-District, this article demonstrates how
discretion may play a crucial role in inclusive health care delivery to migrants in a country marred by
high xenophobic sentiment. In the advent of modern technology, media plays a major role in our
daily lives, connecting the world and sharing the stories that contribute to the political, social and
economic development of societies. A nonprobability sampling method, based on purposive sampling
and the snowball sampling technique, was used to select participants in this study. Islamophobia in
Muslim Majority Societies constitutes a first attempt to open a debate about the understudied
phenomenon of Islamophobia in Muslim majority societies. As the topic issimilarly a rather polarizing
one, an event of high scholarly quality could notbe taken for granted. In addition to making the anti-
immigrant rhetoric appear legitimate, and the danger immediate and real, we argue that the apparent
seamless content is often biased by selection and structured in such a way as to deny voice to
immigrants and their advocates. All that concerns collective unknown can fit in this notion. The
study therefore, will use secondary data to collect and analyze the data required in the study. Part of
this challenge stems from dealing with polarized host communities that either support or oppose
migration. Unknown has been mistreated and misunderstood for ages. This secondary method will
include scholarly journal, articles, books, and online scholarly writings to assist in collecting the
information. It has become intolerant to intolerance so much perversely that even more dramatic and
huge hatred was already born. This article explores the tensions within the relation between
journalistic practice and the construction of the idea of the nation and the multiplicity of media and
cultures which inhabit the spheres of journalism and nation. You can download the paper by clicking
the button above. The viewpoint that the current practice of intentional cultivation of xenophobia is a
proven method of controlling a group of persons is quite reasonable speculation, indeed. Hence there
is a danger of SAM becoming unwitting conveyors of the same vices they preach against. It has
become intolerant to intolerance so much perversely that even more dramatic and huge hatred was
already born. This solidarity is perhaps not so much about a shared history of struggle against
colonialism and apartheid, although this too may be extant, but is rather informed by a shared
present where some are seen as citizens with freedom of movement and access to services from the
State, while others are excluded. However, there is a significant difference between these two
concepts: the supporters of nationalist views do not necessarily have negative feelings towards other
nations, ethnic groups or religions, but xenophobic people do have such. Robert Schuman Centre For
Advanced Studies, European University Institute, Florence. The purpose of this research is to study
Islamophobic discourses in the media of two Western societies in order to better understand the
nature of Islamophobia in each: the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (USA).