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4-Stroke, 4-Cylinder Petrol Engine 2
4-Stroke, 4-Cylinder Petrol Engine 2
FOR
FOUR STROKE FOUR CYLINDER
PETROL ENGINE TEST RIG
1
INTRODUCTION
Four stroke four cylinder Petrol Engine are widely used in light automobiles vehicles
e.g. In passenger cars. These engines are based on Otto cycle and also called spark
ignition engine. Because ignition takes place because of spark produced by spark
plugs. In case of four cylinder engines battery or coil ignition system is used to fire with
firing orders of 1,4,3,2 or 1,3,4,2. Engine are required to be tested mainly for two
purposes – Firstly on a production line of engines, engines are tested to check the
proper operation, output, fuel consumption etc. and secondly in research or design
purposes where the performance of new design is to be evaluated.
The apparatus consists of a four stroke four cylinder petrol engine mounted over a
sturdy frame. Loading arrangement used is rope brake dynamometer which is coupled
to engine. A digital multichannel temperature indicator measures temperatures at
various points. Various measurements provided enables to evaluate the performance
of the engine at various loads.
Morse test can be performed on this engine.
SPECIFICATIONS
1. Engine : Four stroke four cylinder water cooled petrol engine developing 10.00
HP at 1500 RPM.
2. Rope Brake Dynamometer : Two spring balances - One fixed and another
adjustable. Diameter of Brake Drum = 0.266 m. Radius of Brake Drum = 0.133 m.
3. Measurements :
A) Calibrated fuel burette for fuel consumption measurement.
B) Orificemeter, fitted to air inlet tank with water manometer for air intake
measurement.
C) Multichannel Digital Temperature Indicator for temperatures at various
points.
D) Exhaust gas calorimeter to measure heat carried away by exhaust gases.
2
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1. Fill-up sufficient petrol in petrol tank.
2. Check oil level in the engine. It should be upto the top edge of t he flat portion
provided over the oil dipstick. If oil level is reduced, add up clean SAE-40 Oil to
the crank case by opening the valve cover at the top of the engine. Replace the
cover after filling the oil.
3. Fill-up water in manometer upto half of the manometer height.
4. Start the water supply and see that water is flowing through engine jacket,,
exhaust calorimeter.
5. There should be no load on engine.
10. Now, turn selector cock to “BURETTE” position and note down time required for 10
ml. Fuel consumption.
11. Note down the speed with tachometer (tachometer is not supplied along with the
unit) and manometer difference.
12. Note down jacket cooling water and calorimeter water flow rates
13. Repeat the experiment for different loads and complete the observation table.
OBSERVATION TABLE
Sr. No. 1 2 3 4
Temp. T5
RPM 1152
CALCULATIONS
1. Brake Power
2 N.T.
BP = ------------- KW
1000 x 60
Where,
N = speed/rpm
T = torque, N-m
T = W x g x (D+d)/2
T = W x g x (D+d)/2
2. Heat Equivalent to BP
HBP = BP x 3600 KJ/hr.
3. Fuel Consumption
Let time required for 10 ml. Fuel to Tf sec. And density of petrol is 0.7 gms/cc.
4
10 3600
FC = ---- x ------- x 0.7 kg/hr.
tf 1000
4. Heat supplied by fuel :
HF = FC x 45208 KJ/hr
Where,
meg.Cpeg = -------------------------------
(T4 – T5)
where
Credit Debit
Unaccounted heat
Total
100% Total
hw
100
Where, hw is in cm
P
Or a = -----------
287 x T
P = atmospheric pressure, N/m2 = 105 N/m2
where,
Dia of orifice = 25 mm
AFR = -------
FC
m = ---- x 100%
IP
HIP
HF
GRAPHS
Plot the graphs of BP Vs efficiency, SFC and FC.
PRECAUTIONS
1. Before starting the engine, oil level in sump and jacket cooling water supply must
be checked.
2. Never stop the engine on load and never use decompression lever for stopping.
Note : Tachometer and barometer are to be made available by the customer and are not
supplied with the Test Rig.
CALCULATIONS
1. Brake Power
Where,
N = speed/rpm
T = torque, N-m
T = W x g x (D+d)/2
3. Fuel Consumption
Let time required for 10 ml. Fuel to Tf sec. And density of petrol is 0.7 gms/cc.
10 3600 36000
FC = ---- x ------- x 0.7 kg/hr. = ------------------ x 0.7 = 0.9 kg/hr
tf 1000 28 x 1000
4. Heat supplied by fuel :
HF = FC x 45208 KJ/hr = 0.9 x 45208 = 40687.20 KJ/hr
hw
100
Where, hw is in cm
P
Or a = -----------
287 x T
P = atmospheric pressure, N/m2 = 105 N/m2
where,
Dia of orifice = 25 mm
3600 3600
m = ------- kg/hr. = ----------- = 128.57 kg/hr
tJ 28
CP = Specific heat of water = 4.18 KJ/kg.
HJW = m. CP. T
Hence, we can state that heat carried away by exhaust gases, on ambient
temperature basis.
Heg = meg. C peg. (T4 – T3) = 113.69 x ( 77– 46 ) = 3524.39
Credit Debit
13 Heat Equivalent to I P :
HIP = IP x 3600 x KJ/hr.
14 Mechanical efficiency
BP
m = ---- x 100%
IP
15. Brake thermal efficiency :
Heat in BP
BT = ----------------------------- x 100%
Heat supplied by fuel
16 Indicated thermal efficiency
HIP