Between 1947 and 1994, there were 8 “Multi-Lateral Trade Negotiation”

conferences which are called “Rounds”. 8 Rounds were-

1. Geneva Round (1947)
2. Annecy France Round (1949)
3. Torquay United Kingdom (1951)
4. Geneva Round (1956)
5. Dillon Round(1960-62)
6. Kennedy Round (1962-67)
7. Tokyo Round (1973-79)
8. Uruguay Round (1986-94)

[Uruguay Round = Eighth Round = Marakkesh Agreement = Finality Act] =

ITO did not garnered success as it was suppose to do. In shadow of ITO, WTO was
later established. Distinction between GATT 1947 and WTO is, GATT was network
of international trade agreements and working bodies and WTO is an Organization to
administer international trade agreements. WTO is an institution and GATT is not.

WTO AGREEMENTS:

WTO Agreement + Number of Agreements = Uruguay Round

1. Agreement establishing WTO - Agreement describing the formation and

establishment of WTO.
[ Article 1- Establishment of WTO
Article 2 - Scope of WTO
Article 3 - Function of WTO]

Article 4 Structure/Bodies of WTO - Ministerial Conference ( Consists with

representatives of member states+Meeting in every 2 years, executing the function of
WTO,) General Council (Consists with representatives of member states+meetings in
interval period+executes the agreements of WTO), Dispute Settlement Body (DSB),
Appellate Body (AB), Trade Policy Review Body (TPRB), Council for Trade in
Goods, Council for Trade in Services, Council for TRIPs, Subsidiary Bodies,
Committee for trade and development, Committee on balance of payment restriction,
Committee on Budget Finance and Administration, Bodies provided for under the
multilateral trade agreement.

2. GATT 1994 - Interpretation of previous GATT outcomes and legal texts are being
given here.
3. Uruguay Round Protocol, GATT 1994 - By this Agreement, more flexible
approach has been taken in the matter such as subsidies and agricultural industries.

Agreement on Agricultural- 1. itself, 2. commitments of members, 3. allowing

governments to take SPS measures,

Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures,

Agreement on Textile and Clothing, Agreement on technical barriers to trade