PLC HISTORY OF PLC

“PROGRAMS MUST BE WRITTEN FOR PEOPLE TO
READ, AND ONLY INCIDENTALLY FOR MACHINES
TO EXECUTE”
WHAT IS PLC? (PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
CONTROLLER)
A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER IS A
SPECIALIZED COMPUTER USED TO CONTROL
MACHINES AND PROCESS.
IT IS A COMPUTER SPECIALLY DESIGNED TO
OPERATE RELIABLY UNDER HARSH INDUSTRIAL
ENVIRONMENTS – SUCH AS EXTREME
TEMPERATURES, WET, DRY, AND/OR DUSTY
CONDITIONS.
RICHARD E. MORLEY (DEC. 1, 1932-OCT. 17,2017)
“FATHER OF PLC” – DICK MORLEY
A SELF-SCHOOLED ENGINEER WHO DROPPED OUT
OF MIT, DESIGNED A RUGGED COMPUTER THAT
REVOLUTIONIZED FACTORY AUTOMATION.
PLCs were invented by DICK MORLEY IN 1964.
Since then, PLC has revolutionized the industrial
and manufacturing sectors.
There is a wide range of PLC functions like timing,
counting, calculating, comparing, and processing
various analog signals.
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) were
introduced to industry between 1968 and 1970 as
a way to replace large expensive panels of relays,
timers, and counters.
Automotive manufacturers were looking for ways
to simplify start-up of new car lines after model
changeovers each year and save money in the cost
of manufacturing installations.

IT IS USED TO AUTOMATE INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

SUCH AS A MANUFACTURING PLANT’S ASSEMBLY
LINE, AN PRE-PROCESSING PLANT, OR A
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT.
IT USES A PROGRAMMABLE MEMORY TO STORE
INSTRUCTIONS AND SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS THAT
INCLUDE ON/OFF CONTROL, TIMING, COUNTING,
SEQUENCING, ARITHMETIC, AND DATA HANDLING.
THE TERM PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLER IS A
GENERIC WORD USED TO BRING ALL THE
ELEMENTS MAKING THE CONTROL SYSTEM UNDER
ONE DESCRIPTIVE NAME.
  Modular PLCs are further divided into
small, medium and large PLCs based on the
program memory size and the number of
I/O features.
SOFT PLC
 It is an advanced PLC system that consist of
compact, rack mounted components, such
as power supplies, I/O modules and a CPU.

TYPES OF PLC
COMPACT PLC
 An integrated or Compact PLC is built by
several modules within a single case.
Therefore, the I/O capabilities are decided
by the manufacturer, but not by the user.
 Some of the integrated PLCs allow to
connect additional I/Os' to make them
somewhat modular. COMPONENTS IN A PLC SYSTEM
MODULAR PLC CPU MODULE CONTAINING THE PROCESSOR AND
 A modular PLC is built with several MEMORY
components that are plugged into a I/O MODULE INPUT AND OUTPUT MODULES OF
common rack or bus with extendable I/O THE PLC ALLOW TO CONNECT THE SENSORS AND
capabilities. ACTUATORS TO THE SYSTEM TO SENSE OR
 It contains power supply module, CPU and CONTROL THE REAL-TIME VARIABLES SUCH AS
other I/O modules that are plugged TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE FLOW, ETC. INCLUDES
together in the same rack, which are from THE FOLLOWING: DIGITAL I/O, ANALOG I/O AND
same manufacturers or from other COMMUNICATION INTERFACE MODULES.
manufacturers.
 These modular PLCs come in different sizes
with variable power supply, computing
capabilities, I/O connectivity, etc.
BUS OR RACK THE BUS ENABLES THE
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CPU AND I/O
MODULES TO SEND OR RECEIVE THE DATA.
POWER SUPPLY THESE MODULES SUPPLY THE
NECESSARY POWER REQUIRED FOR THE WHOLE
SYSTEM BY CONVERTING THE AVAILABLE AC
POWER TO DC POWER REQUIRED FOR CPU AND I/O
MODULES.
THE OUTPUT 5V DC DRIVES THE COMPUTER
CIRCUITRY, AND IN SOME PLCs 24DC ON THE BUS
RACK DRIVES FEW SENSORS AND ACTUATORS.

APPLICATIONS OF PLC

PLC OPERATION
A PLC WORKS BY CONTINUALLY SCANNING A
PROGRAM.