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B a s ic s o f n o r m a l a n d
Main functions of oral cavity
p a th o lo g ic a l d en ta l
o c c lu sio n • Chewing
• Swallowing
2023 • Talking
Ann Margvelashvili • Breathing
Tbilisi State University
Georgian National Museum
Part III

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Orthodontics Orientation in Space

• Branch of dentistry that: • Sagittal
• Prevents • Coronal/Frontal
• Intercepts • Transversal/Axial
• Corrects
maloclusions and other abnormalities of orofacial region.

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• Sagittal: Antero-
Posterior
• Frontal: Supero-
inferior
• Transfersal: left-
right

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Occlusion
What is occlusion?
• Decisuous/Milk
• Mixed
• Permanent

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Apex

Root

Cervix

Crown

Incisal edge

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Dental eruption sequence

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Dental eruption sequence Dental eruption sequence

6 years upper: M1--I1----I2---P3—C-P4---M2--------M3

+/- 2 years lower: M1---I1---I2-----P3----C-P4---M2-------M3
Uberlaker, 1989

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Occlusion
• Decisuous/Milk – after 6 months
• Mixed – after the first molar erupts (age 6)
• Permanent

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Dental eruption sequence mismatch

Dental eruption sequence
• Natal teeth
• Neonatal teeth

Olatossi et al 2012

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Eruption: diastema da interdental spaces Leeway space

• Upper jaw: 1.8mm
• Lower jaw: 3.4mm

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End of decidous dentition...

• Increased overbite

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https://pocketdentistry.com/classification-of-malocclusions/ https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/ce-courses/ce500/occlusion

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What is orthognatic occlusion?

1. Central line (midline)

2. Facial symmetry
3. Overbite/Overjet=2mm
4. The mesio-buccal cusp
of the UM1 should
occlude with the LM1’s
vestibular groove.

Repin 2002 Axis of the teeth

Andrews 1972

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Incisors
• Combination of kinematics and
dynamics

Ø Kinematically the mandible is movable

Masticatory in relation to the skull in the 3D space
with several degrees of freedom and is
system constrained by the TMJs.
M1 M1
Ø Dynamically the upper and lower teeth
maxilla

Buccal
Buccal

Lingual
Lingual
interact with food by virtue of various
mandible muscular activities.

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Occlusal surfaces Curve of Spee

• Curve of Spee
Protecting premolars and
molars
Lateral view

• Curve of Wilson
Insuring the lateral
movements
Frontal view bized.co.uk

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Curve of Wilson Occlusal Pathologies

• Class I
• Class II
• Class III

Edward Hartley Angle

1855-1930

zmescience.com Invented the Edgewise appliance. This technique has been the
basis for the evolution of the sophisticated brackets in use today.

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Class I Class II
Maxillary-
mandibula
r dental
protrusion
— teeth Maxillary dental protrusion -
Spacing teeth

Mandibular Retrognathism or
Maxillary- Maxillary Prognathism— jaws
mandibula
Crowding r dental
retrusion
— teeth
Maxillary Dental Protrusion — teeth &
http://rckobernickdds.com/orthodontics-st-petersburg-fl/orthodontic-
Mandibular Retrognathism — jaws
classifications.html

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Class III

Mandibular dental protrusion, or

maxillary dental retrusion – teeth

Mandibular prognathism or
maxillary rethrognathism - jaws

Van der Linden 2016

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Number of teeth Number of teeth

• Agenesis/adentia,
• Supernumerary
anodentia

Van der Linden 2016

Van der Linden 2016

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Symmetry

Van der Linden 2016

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ჰიგიენა
Qurestions?

write me here:
animargvel@gmail.com

https://www.colgateprofessional.com.au/patient-education/oral-hygiene-basics/oral-care-during-
orthodontic-treatment#

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