Concept and Technology of AI

5CS037

Report on Ethical Artificial intelligence

Student Name : Pankaj Kumar Mahato

Student ID : 2358577
Group : 17
Tutor : Mr Nabin Acharya
Wordcount :1255
Contents
Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 3
1].Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4
1.1].Ethics ......................................................................................................................... 4
1.2]. Ethics of AI & Ethical AI ............................................................................................ 4
2].Some of Ethical Dillemmas .............................................................................................. 5
2.1]AI Enabled Discrimination: .......................................................................................... 5
3] Initiatives in the field of Ethical AI: .................................................................................... 6
4] Principle of AI development.............................................................................................. 7
5].Discussions ...................................................................................................................... 8
6)Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 8
References........................................................................................................................... 9
Abstract
This Report shows the capability of doing research as unseen passage , articles,
website excreta on the topic of Artificial intelligence. It includes sub topic like what is
Ethics, Ethics of AI, Ethical AI and why should we build Ethical AI. Likewise It also
includes different dilemmas of AI like AI enabled discrimination which consider the AI
Bias and problem occurs in the Black box algorithms. After that , The reports includes
the different principle of AI on the research based and at last provide own opinions on
building ethical AI.
1].Introduction
1.1].Ethics
Simply, Ethics word is derived from Latin word “Ethicus”. Ethics refer to what is right,
wrong , good , bad, just and unjust in terms of human being behavior. It evaluates
moral values , principles and standards of human conduct and their application in
peoples daily life to decide acceptable human behavoiurs. Simply like human beings, In
machines also ethics are applied(Gadhiya, 2018).

1.2]. Ethics of AI & Ethical AI

Ethics of AI is the Framework which guides the data scientists as well as researchers to
create system in ethical way to provide profit and not harming the society as a whole. It
is the multidisciplinary field which study how to Optimize AI’s beneficial impact while
decreasing or reducing risks and balance outcomes(Huang, Zhang, Mao, & Yao, 2023).

Ethical AI is the Practice of building AI Systems by different

Algorithms, Architecture and interfaces which follows Ethical & moral Standards in the
Society. It helps to promote Fairness, Minimize harm and Align AI with the human
Values & Well beings. Some of the features of Ethical AI are as follows:

- Transparency, explainability
- Fairness, justice, inclusion
- Privacy
- Responsibility, accountability……
2].Some of Ethical Dillemmas
2.1]AI Enabled Discrimination:
First, Here Truth is that AI is starting a Technological Revolution in this 21st century and
AI has yet to taken over the World so there is more serious concern that we have
already encountered and that is AI Bias.

2.1.1] AI Bias:
AI Bias refers to the Underlying Prejudgment or Unfairness or discrimination in data
which is used to develop or creates algorithms of AI which can directly results in the
discrimination & Social Consequences. The different Algorithmic discrimination occurs
based on the following terms:

-Race

-Color

-Ethnicity

-childbirth, pregnancy, related medical conditions

-religion

-Age
- genetic information

-National Origin…excreta(The White House, n.d.).

Examples of AI Bias (AI Enabled Discrimination) in real life is:

Racial discrimination in US HealthCare:

In Oct 2019, AI researchers founded that an algorithm used in more that 200 million
Peoples in United State hospitals to predict in which patients needed an extra medical
care heavily favoured White Patients Over the Black Patients. Here, HealthCare cost
was one indicator which was heavily connected with race, although race itself was not
included in that method. The main reason behind this issue was that a person expense
directly reflects the whole number of HealthCare demands they might have. Black
Patients generally have cheaper healthcare costs rather that the white patients with the
same diseases for different reasons(DataTron , 2020).

Black Box :
In AI Algorithms, Particularly Deep Learning Models had been criticized for their Opaque
Nature which often referred as to “The black Box Problem”. These algorithms inner
workings can be difficult considering real fact that for producing capable highly accurate
prediction and Suggestions even for the experts one which could be lack of
Transparency , AI Systems may become less trustworthy and unable to give better
convincing explanations for their judgements which leads to bias and ethical
dilemmas(CSP Israel, 2023).

3] Initiatives in the field of Ethical AI:

Different National and international initiatives had been launched to foster the ethical
considerations surrounding AI which focuses on building fair, explainable and Ethical AI
Systems. Some of initiatives are as follows:

Facial Recognition Error:

Mr. Duron Harmon ,a three time super bowl champion of New England Patriots football
team was among 25 athletes who were mistakenly identified as criminals by the facial
recognition software. So according to the study conducted by the American civil libraries
Union(ACLU) in Massachusetts , it was discovered that there were identification rate of
1 in 6 when comparing numerous photos of professional Athletes with database of
mugshots.
The continue to study on raised concerns further validate the existing fears surrounding
the potential for AI to play a role. After that ACLU states that a significant majority i.e.
91% of registered facial recognition technology is necessary. In other hand, European
Union is looking into the possibility of imposing a ban on the use of facial recognition(Dr.
Mark Van Rijmenam, 2020).

4] Principle of AI development
Artificial intelligence began to be recognized as a research field in the 1950s. However ,
In recent years there has been impressive advancement in the capabilities and
applications of AI.

Fig 1: Principle of AI Development

So now based on above paragraph 2 and 3 , Here are some principles :-

1) Privacy
Under this Principle, The AI Systems should uphold the privacy of individuals
particularly when it comes to utilizing data for the advancement of Systems as
well as by providing those who are impacted control over the decisions made
using their data.

2)Transparency and explainability

Under this Principle, AI Systems should be designed and implemented to permit
regulation or guidance particularly by translating their activities into
understandable Outputs and simply it can be explain
 3)Fairness and non- discrimination
Under this Principle, AI Systems should be non- discrimination with concern about
100% fairness. Systems should not discriminate based on face color, racial, age etc.

4)Accountability
This principle covers the ideas on the significance of AI Systems to guarantee that
responsibility for the effects of AI Systems is allocated fairly and suitable remedies
are offered.

5)Safety and Security

This Principles includes that AI Systems must be secure enough to prevent from
hacking by unauthorized parties and safe enough to operates as intended(Harvard
Library, 2020).

5].Discussions
From above report, Personally I can say that developing ethical AI is not only required
by law but also morally according to the society ethics. Creating or building Ethical AI is
most challenging for today generation achieving the best fairness and balancing the
transparency. For the better Ethical AI , There should be more and more research ,
collaboration as well as commitment in every sector like policy making and
advancement in the technology.

6)Conclusion
Building or creating Ethical AI is most challenging it requires continuous commitment ,
self-study and self-assessment and adaptation. The Ethical AI should not be
discriminated by color, age, gender, birth and death. It should be equally treated in every
sector. Moreover, In today 21st century Ethical AI should be involved in every sector
either medical, banking, education , financial, agriculture and so on but it should be
bonded on criteria or ethics based on society or communities so that it could not harm or
effect more that the benefit from it.
References
CSP Israel. (2023, Mar 25). CSP. Retrieved from Transparent AI(CSP):
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/transparent-ai-unveiling-black-box-ethical-decision-
making
DataTron . (2020). DataTron.com. Retrieved from DataTron: https://datatron.com/real-life-
examples-of-discriminating-artificial-
intelligence/#:~:text=Hypothetically%20speaking%2C%20if%20the%20location,equ
al%20opportunity%20and%20amplifies%20oppression.
Dr. Mark Van Rijmenam, C. (2020, jan 24). CSP. Retrieved from CSP:
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-we-need-ethical-ai-5-initiatives-ensure-ethics-
dr-mark
Gadhiya, B. (2018, Sep 28). Introduction to ethics. Ethics, 3. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/binagadhiya1/introduction-to-ethics-117011288
Harvard Library. (2020). Participated Artificial Intelligence. Participated Artificial
Intelligence. Retrieved from
https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/42160420/HLS%20White%20Paper%2
0Final_v3.pdf
Huang, C., Zhang, Z., Mao, B., & Yao, X. (2023, Aug). Ethics of AI (IEEE). IEEE
Transactions of AI, 3. Retrieved from
https://www.computer.org/csdl/journal/ai/2023/04/09844014/1Fnr097UNd6
The White House. (n.d.). White House.gov. Retrieved from White House:
https://www.whitehouse.gov/ostp/ai-bill-of-rights/algorithmic-discrimination-
protections-2/?fbclid=IwAR1BHXHPgeddHH6Cm2-
J4gTtWSg5R3jrWcIiShPDs82UAKdJqD-aPgjdxbc