Circuit Analysis Lab

Name: Muhammad Sami

Taj Enrolment No: 01-
132232-036

Date: 08/03/2024

Lab Professor: Aqib

Safi

DEPARTMENT COMPUTER ENGINEERING

BAHRIA UNIVERSITY H-11 ISLAMABLAD

 Lab # 1

Measurement of current and voltage in series

and parallel circuit

Objective:
To measure current and voltage in series and parallel circuits using appropriate equipment.

Equipment Used:
1. Power supply (DC)
2. Ammeter
3. Voltmeter
4. Resistors
5. Connecting wires
6. Breadboard (for parallel circuit)

Introduction:

Within the domain of electrical circuits, current (I) embodies the motion of electric charge,
measured in amperes (A), whereas voltage (V) denotes the difference in electrical potential
between two points, measured in volts (V). In series configurations, components are
Sequentially connected, forming a single pathway for current flow. Conversely, in parallel
setups, elements are interconnected in parallel, facilitating multiple pathways for the
transmission of current.

Procedure:
1. Series Circuit Measurement Procedure:
a. Construct the circuit by linking the resistors in series with the power source.
b. Integrate the ammeter in series with the circuit to quantify the total current (It).
c. Utilize the voltmeter across each resistor to measure the voltage drop (V1, V2, V3,
etc.). d. Document the current and voltage values.

e. Compute the total voltage (Vt) by aggregating the individual voltage drops.
2. Parallel Circuit Measurement Procedure:

a. Establish the circuit by connecting the resistors in parallel with the power source.
b. Attach the ammeter in series with each to measure the individual currents (I1, I2,
I3, etc.).

c. Position the voltmeter across the power source to measure the overall voltage (Vt).
d. Record the current and voltage data.
e. Determine the total current (It) by summing the individual currents.
Figure :

Series Circuit

Parallel Circuit :
Analysis:
Whenmeasuring current and voltage in series and parallel circuits, several key observations
can be made:

Series Circuit:

 In a series circuit, the current remains constant throughout the circuit, as it has only
one path to flow.
 When measuring current in aies sercircuit, the same value is obtained at any point
along the circuit.
 The voltage across each component in a series circuit adds up to the total voltage of
the circuit.
 When measuring voltage in a series circuit, the sum of individual voltage sdrops acros
each component equals the total supply voltage.

Parallel Circuit:

 In a parallel circuit, the total current is the sum of the currents flowing through each
branch of the circuit.
 When measuring current in a parallel circuit, the total current is fthethesum o
currents measured in each branch.
 The voltage across each branch in a parallel circuit is the same and equals the total
voltage of the circuit.
 When measuring voltage in a parallel circuit, the same voltage reading is obtained
across each branch.

In both series and parallel circuits, it is essential to use appropriate measuring instruments,
such as ammeters for current and voltmeters for voltage, to obtain accurate readings without
disrupting the circuit. Understanding these principles is crucial
analyzing
for and
troubleshooting electrical circuits effectively.

Conclusion:
Series circuits have voltage dips across each individual component, yet the overall current flows
throughall of thecomponentsat thesametime.Conversely,in parallelcircuits,thecurrentsplits
acrossthe components but theoverallvoltagestaysconstantacrossthemall. Thesetests
demonstratethedifferentbehaviorsof electricalcomponentsbasedon theirconfiguration,
illuminatingthe fundamentalideasof currentandvoltagein seriesandparallelcircuits.