MATH CIRCLE KOLKATA PROBLEMS FOR 9.3.

2024 (SENIOR BATCH)

`n˘
(1) For 0 ď k ď n, define a polynomial on r0, 1s by Pkn pxq :“ k p1 ´ xqn´k xk , where
ˆ ˙
n n!
“ .
k k!pn ´ kq!
t´a
Obtain a polynomial on the interval ra, bs by using the correspondence t ÞÑ b´a .
(2) Explicitly write down
P00 pxq, P01 pxq, P11 pxq, P02 pxq, P12 pxq, P22 pxq.
(3) Prove that Pkn pxq “ p1 ´ xqPkn´1 pxq ` xPk´1
n´1
pxq.
n
(4) Prove that n ` 1 polynomials Pk pxq, 0 ď k ď n of degree n are non-negative functions on r0, 1s.
(5) Prove that Pkn pxq “ Pn´k
n
p1 ´ xq.
(6) Find all functions f : N Ñ N such that
f pf pmq ` f pnqq “ m ` n
for all m, n P N. Here, N is the set of non-negative integers.