‫اﻹﺻﺪار ‪ 6‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآﻮل إﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ )‪(IPv6‬‬

‫)دورة دراﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻤﺲ ﺣﻠﻘﺎت(‬

‫اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ و ﺳﺮد اﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰات‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪ IPv6‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺟ‪j‬ﻊ ‪Internet Protocol, ،RFC 2460‬‬
‫‪ Version 6 (IPv6) Specification‬إن ‪ IPv6‬ه‪j‬ﻮ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪j‬ﻮل ﺑ‪j‬ﻼ‬
‫اﺗﺼﺎل وه‪j‬ﻮ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪j‬ﻮل ﺗﺨﻄ‪j‬ﻴﻂ ﺑﻴ‪j‬ﺎﻧﻲ ﻻ ﻳُﻌﺘﻤ‪j‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻴ‪j‬ﻪ وﻳُﺴ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﺒ‪j‬ﺪﺋﻴًﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﺤُﺰم ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﻴﻔﻴﻦ وﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺪل ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺑﻼ اﺗﺼﺎل إﻟﻰ أﻧ‪j‬ﻪ ﻟ‪j‬ﻢ ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﺄﺳ‪j‬ﻴﺲ ﺟﻠﺴ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﻌﻤ‪j‬ﻞ ﻗﺒ‪j‬ﻞ ﺗﺒ‪j‬ﺎدل‬
‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‪ .‬وﺗﺪل ﺧﺎﺻ‪j‬ﻴﺔ ﻋ‪j‬ﺪم اﻻﻋﺘﻤ‪j‬ﺎد إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ ﻋ‪j‬ﺪم ﺿ‪j‬ﻤﺎن اﻟﺘﺴ‪j‬ﻠﻴﻢ‪ .‬وﻳﺒ‪j‬ﺬل‬
‫داﺋﻤًﺎ ‪ IPv6‬أﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﺠﻬﻮد ﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ ﻓﻘ‪j‬ﺪان ﺣﺰﻣ‪j‬ﺔ ‪،IPv6‬‬
‫أو ﺗﺴ‪jj‬ﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺧ‪jj‬ﺎرج ﻣﻜ‪jj‬ﺎن ﺗﺴﻠﺴ‪jj‬ﻠﻬﺎ أو ﺗﺴ‪jj‬ﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻣ‪jj‬ﺮﺗﻴﻦ أو ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮه‪jj‬ﺎ‪ .‬وﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺤﺎول ‪ IPv6‬اﺳﺘﺮداد ﻣﻦ أﺧﻄ‪j‬ﺎء ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ه‪j‬ﺬﻩ اﻷﻧ‪j‬ﻮاع‪ .‬ﺗ‪j‬ﺘﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﺤ‪j‬ﺰم‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﻤﺔ واﺳﺘﺮداد اﻟﺤﺰم اﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮدة ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒ‪j‬ﻞ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪j‬ﻮل اﻟﻄﺒﻘ‪j‬ﺔ اﻷﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ‪.TCP‬‬

‫ﺗﺘ‪jj‬ﺄﻟﻒ آﺎﻓ‪jj‬ﺔ ﺣ‪jj‬ﺰم ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓ‪jj‬ﺔ أﻳﻀ‪ًj‬ﺎ ﺑﻤﺨﻄ‪jj‬ﻂ ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﺒﻴ‪jj‬ﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ‬

‫رأس ‪ IPv6‬وﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻟ‪j‬ﺔ‪ ،‬آﻤ‪j‬ﺎ ه‪j‬ﻮ ﻣﺒ‪j‬ﻴﻦ ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ اﻟﺘﻮﺿ‪j‬ﻴﺢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮي رأس ‪ IPv6‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻘﻮل اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ واﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻘﻞ‬
‫داﻟﺔ‬ ‫رأس‬
‫‪IPv6‬‬
‫ﻋﻨ‪jjjjjjjj‬ﻮان‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv6‬ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺪر اﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ‪IPv6.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬
‫ﻋﻨ‪jjjjjjjj‬ﻮان‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv6‬ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ أو اﻷﺧﻴﺮة ﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ‪IPv6.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫‪ Hop‬ﻋﺪد ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺘ‪j‬ﻲ ﻳُﺴ‪j‬ﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﺤﺰﻣ‪j‬ﺔ اﻹﻧﺘﻘ‪j‬ﺎل ﻋﻠﻴﻬ‪j‬ﺎ ﻗﺒ‪j‬ﻞ أن‬

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‫‪ Limit‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﺎهﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴ‪j‬ﻴﻦ ﺣ‪j‬ﺪ اﻟﻘﻔ‪j‬ﺰة ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺒ‪jj‬ﻞ اﻟﻤﻀ‪jj‬ﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﺮﺳ‪jj‬ﻞ وﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﻨ‪jj‬ﻊ اﻟﺤ‪jj‬ﺰم ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺠﻮل ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴ‪j‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺪ إﻋ‪j‬ﺎدة ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ ﺣﺰﻣ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫‪ ،IPv6‬ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮن أﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺰة ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ ‪ IPv6‬ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻠ‪jj‬ﻴﺺ ﺣ‪jj‬ﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻔﺰة ﺑـ ‪ 1‬وﻟﺘﺠﺎهﻞ اﻟﺤﺰﻣ‪j‬ﺔ ‪ IPv6‬ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜ‪j‬ﻮن ﺣ‪j‬ﺪ اﻟﻘﻔ‪j‬ﺰة‬
‫‪.0‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ إﻟﻰ ‪Pv6‬‬

‫ﻟ‪jjj‬ﻢ ﻳﺘﻐﻴّ‪jjj‬ﺮ ﻓﻌﻠﻴ‪ًj j‬ﺎ اﻹﺻ‪jjj‬ﺪار اﻟﺤ‪jjj‬ﺎﻟﻲ ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjj‬ﻮل إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jjj‬ﺖ )ﻳﻌ‪jjj‬ﺮف‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺻﺪار ‪ 4‬ﻣﻦ ‪ IP‬أو ‪ (IPv4‬ﻣﻨﺬ أن ﺗﻢ ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ ‪ RFC 791‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎم ‪ .1981‬وﻗﺪ ﺑﺮهﻦ ‪ IPv4‬ﺑﺄﻧﻪ أآﺜﺮ ﻧﺸ‪j‬ﺎﻃﺎً‪ ،‬وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘ‪j‬ﻪ ﺳ‪j‬ﻬﻞ وﻗﺎﺑ‪j‬ﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﺨﻄﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﺘﺼ‪j‬ﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﻜ‪j‬ﻮن وﺳ‪j‬ﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ .‬وﻳﻌﻮد اﻟﻔﻀ‪j‬ﻞ ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ ذﻟ‪j‬ﻚ إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷوﻟﻲ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬

‫وﻟﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻮﻗّﻊ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷوﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻄ‪jj‬ﻮر اﻷﺳ‪jj‬ﻲ اﻟﺤ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﻲ ﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jj‬ﺖ واﻻﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﻨﻔﺎد اﻟﺴ‪jj‬ﺮﻳﻊ ﻟﻤﺴ‪jj‬ﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮان ‪.IPv4‬‬

‫أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ IPv4‬ﻧﺎدرة ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﻟﻰ إﺟﺒﺎر‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴ‪jj‬ﺎت ﻻﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺘ‪jj‬ﺮﺟﻢ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻟﺸ‪jj‬ﺒﻜﺔ )‪ (NAT‬ﻟ‪jj‬ﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﻋﺪة ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ‪ IP‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ وﺣﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻣ‪j‬ﻊ أن ‪NATs‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺣﺴّﻨﺖ ﻣﻦ إﻋﺎدة اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان اﻟﺨ‪j‬ﺎص‪ ،‬إﻻ أﻧﻬ‪j‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﻌﺘﻤ‪jj‬ﺪ أﻣ‪jj‬ﺎن ﻃﺒﻘ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﺸ‪jj‬ﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﻨﺪة إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ اﻟﻤﻘ‪jj‬ﺎﻳﻴﺲ أو اﻟ‪jj‬ﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺼ‪jj‬ﺤﻴﺢ ﻟﻜﺎﻓ‪jj‬ﺔ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jj‬ﻮﻻت اﻟﻄﺒﻘ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻷﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ وﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ أن ﺗﺨﻠ‪jj‬ﻖ‬
‫ﻣﺸ‪jjj‬ﺎآﻞ ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﺪ وﺻ‪jjj‬ﻞ ﻣﺆﺳﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎن ﻣﺴ‪jjj‬ﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎص‪.‬‬

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‫إﺿ‪jjjj‬ﺎﻓﺔ إﻟ‪jjjj‬ﻰ ذﻟ‪jjjj‬ﻚ‪ ،‬إن اﻟﺘﻀ‪jjjj‬ﺨﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺰاﻳ‪jjjj‬ﺪ ﻟﻸﺟﻬ‪jjjj‬ﺰة واﻵﻻت‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺼ‪jj‬ﻠﺔ ﻋﺒ‪jj‬ﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jj‬ﺖ ﻳﺆآ‪jj‬ﺪ ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ أﻧ‪jj‬ﻪ ﺳ‪jj‬ﻴﺘﻢ ﺣﺘﻤ ‪ًj‬ﺎ اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﻨﺰاف‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ وﻣﻘ‪j‬ﺪرة أﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ‪j‬ﻴﺔ ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪j‬ﺖ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺪاول اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺴ‪jjj‬ﺒﺐ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﺘ‪j j‬ﻲ اﺗﺒﻌ‪jjj‬ﺖ وﻣﺎزاﻟ‪jjj‬ﺖ ُﺗﺘّﺒ‪jjj‬ﻊ ﻓ‪jjj‬ﻲ ﺗﺨﺼ‪jjj‬ﻴﺺ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮّﻓ‪jjj‬ﺎت اﻟﺸ‪jjj‬ﺒﻜﺔ ‪ ،IPv4‬ﻳﺘﻮاﺟ‪jjj‬ﺪ أآﺜ‪jjj‬ﺮ ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ ‪ 70,000‬ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺸ‪jj‬ﻜﻞ روﺗﻴﻨ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ ﺟ‪jj‬ﺪول اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ اﻟﺨ‪jj‬ﺎص ﺑ‪jj‬ﺄﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳ‪jjj‬ﻴﺔ ﻋﻠ‪jjj‬ﻰ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jjj‬ﺖ‪ .‬إن اﻟﺒﻨﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ‬
‫إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jjj‬ﺖ ‪ IPv4‬ه‪jjj‬ﻲ ﺗﺮآﻴﺒ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ آ‪jjj‬ﻞ ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ اﻟﻬﺮﻣ‪jjj‬ﻲ‬
‫واﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ أﺑﺴﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺠ‪jj‬ﺐ ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮﻳﻦ أﻏﻠ‪jj‬ﺐ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘ‪jj‬ﺎت ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ إﻣ‪jj‬ﺎ ﻳ‪jj‬ﺪوﻳًﺎ أو ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ‬

‫ﺧﻼل ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآﻮل ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺼﺤﻮب ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ آﺒﺮوﺗﻮآ‪j‬ﻮل ﺗﻜ‪j‬ﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀ‪jj‬ﻴﻒ اﻟﺤﻴ‪jj‬ﻮي )‪ .(DHCP‬وﻣ‪jj‬ﻊ وﺟ‪jj‬ﻮد اﻟﻤﺰﻳ‪jj‬ﺪ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ أﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺰة‬
‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴ‪jj‬ﻮﺗﺮ واﻷﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺰة اﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﻲ ﺗﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪم ‪ ،IP‬هﻨ‪jj‬ﺎك ﺣﺎﺟ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻟﺘﻜ‪jj‬ﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫أﺑﺴﻂ وأآﺜﺮ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ وإﻋ‪j‬ﺪادات اﻟﺘﻜ‪j‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻷﺧ‪j‬ﺮى اﻟﺘ‪j‬ﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ إدارة اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟـ ‪.DHCP‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻷﻣﺎن ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪.IP‬‬ ‫•‬

‫إن اﻻﺗﺼﺎل اﻟﺨﺎص ﻋﺒﺮ وﺳﻂ ﻋﺎم آﺎﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺧ‪j‬ﺪﻣﺎت‬

‫ﺗﺸ‪jj‬ﻔﻴﺮ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺳ‪jj‬ﻠﺔ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ أن ﺗﺘﻌ‪jj‬ﺮض ﻟﻠﻜﺸ‪jj‬ﻒ أو‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﺣﺎﻟﻴًﺎ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ أﻣ‪j‬ﺎن‬
‫ﺣﺰم ‪) IPv4‬اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺑﺄﻣﺎن ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآﻮل إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪j‬ﺖ أو ‪،(IPSec‬‬
‫إﻻ أن ه‪jjjjj‬ﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﻴ‪jjjjj‬ﺎس اﺧﺘﻴ‪jjjjj‬ﺎري واﻟﺤﻠ‪jjjjj‬ﻮل اﻟﺸﺨﺼ‪jjjjj‬ﻴﺔ ه‪jjjjj‬ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻴﻄﺮة‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻟ‪jj‬ﺪﻋﻢ أﻓﻀ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻟﺘﺴ‪jj‬ﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧ‪jj‬ﺎت ﺑ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘ‪jj‬ﻲ )ﻳﻌ‪jj‬ﺮف‬ ‫•‬

‫أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺑﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ(‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤ‪jj‬ﺎ ﺗﺘﻮاﺟ‪jj‬ﺪ ﻣﻘ‪jj‬ﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﻧﻮﻋﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﺧﺪﻣ‪jj‬ﺔ )‪ (QoS‬ﻟ‪jj‬ـ ‪ ،IPv4‬ﻳﻌﺘﻤ‪jj‬ﺪ‬
‫دﻋ‪jj‬ﻢ ﺣﺮآ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤ‪jj‬ﺮور ﺑ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ ﺣﻘ‪jj‬ﻞ ‪ IPv4‬ﻟﻨ‪jj‬ﻮع‬
‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣ‪jj‬ﺔ )‪ (TOS‬وﺗﻌﺮﻳ‪jj‬ﻒ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻟ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ ،‬واﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻨﻔ‪jj‬ﺬ‬
‫‪ UDP‬أو ‪ TCP‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‪ .‬ﻟﺴﻮء اﻟﺤﻆ‪ ،‬ﻟﺪى ﺣﻘﻞ ‪IPv4‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ‪ TOS‬أداء وﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﺤﺪود وﺗﻔﺴ‪j‬ﻴﺮات ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ‪j‬ﺔ‪ .‬إﺿ‪j‬ﺎﻓﺔ إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ‬
‫ذﻟ‪jjj‬ﻚ‪ ،‬إن ﺗﻌﺮﻳ‪jjj‬ﻒ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧ‪jjj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻟ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻨﻔ‪jjj‬ﺬ ‪ TCP‬و‬
‫‪ UDP‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜ‪j‬ﻦ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺪﻣﺎ ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﺸ‪j‬ﻔﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧ‪j‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻟ‪j‬ﺔ ﻟﺤﺰﻣ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫‪.IPv4‬‬

‫ﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺎت‪ ،‬ﻃﻮّر ‪Internet Engineering Task Force‬‬

‫)‪ (IETF‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآ‪j‬ﻮﻻت واﻟﻤﻘ‪j‬ﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓ‪j‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺻ‪j‬ﺪار‬
‫‪ 6‬ﻣﻦ ‪ .(IPv6) IP‬وﻳﺪﻣﺞ اﻹﺻﺪار اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺳﺎﺑﻘًﺎ ﺑـ ‪-IP‬اﻟﺠﻴﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳ‪jjjj‬ﺪ )‪ ،(IPng‬ﻣﻔ‪jjjj‬ﺎهﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﺪﻳ‪jjjj‬ﺪ ﻣ‪jjjj‬ﻦ اﻷﺳ‪jjjj‬ﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣ‪jjjj‬ﺔ ﻟﺘﺤ‪jjjj‬ﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjj‬ﻮل ‪ .IPv4‬ﺗ‪jjj‬ﻢ ﺗﺼ‪jjj‬ﻤﻴﻢ ‪ IPv6‬ﻋﻤ‪jjj‬ﺪًا ﻟﻠﻮﺻ‪jjj‬ﻮل إﻟ‪jjj‬ﻰ اﻟﺤﺠ‪jjj‬ﻢ‬
‫اﻷﺻ‪jj‬ﻐﺮي ﻟﻠﺘﺼ‪jj‬ﺎدم ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jj‬ﻮﻻت اﻟﻄﺒﻘ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺎ واﻟ‪jj‬ﺪﻧﻴﺎ وذﻟ‪jj‬ﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺠﻨﺐ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮَﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺰات اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺰات ‪IPv6‬‬

‫إن اﻟﻤﻴﺰات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ هﻲ ﻣﻴﺰات اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآﻮل ‪:IPv6‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ رأس ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻨﻮان آﺒﻴﺮة‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻌّﺎﻟﺔ واﻟﻬﺮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ واﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﺼﺤﻮب ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ واﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﺑﺪون اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫أﻣﺎن ﻣﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫•‬
‫دﻋﻢ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ )‪(QoS‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮآﻮل ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﻋﻘﺪة اﻟﺠﻮار‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺶ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ آﻞ ﻣﻦ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻴﺰات اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ رأس ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬

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‫ﻟﺪى رأس ‪ IPv6‬ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼ‪j‬ﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻟﺘﺼ‪j‬ﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻤ‪j‬ﻞ اﻟﺰاﺋ‪j‬ﺪ ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأس‪ .‬وﻳﺘﻢ إﻧﺠﺎز هﺬا ﺑﻨﻘﻞ آﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻘﻮل ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ وﺣﻘﻮل اﻟﺨﻴﺎر‬
‫إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ رؤوس اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺿ‪jj‬ﻌﺔ ﺑﻌ‪jj‬ﺪ رأس ‪ .IPv6‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﻮﻓﺮ رأس ‪IPv6‬‬
‫اﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ أآﺜﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ أآﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‪.‬‬

‫إن رؤوس ‪ IPv4‬و ‪ IPv6‬ﻏﻴ‪jjjjjjj‬ﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠ‪jjjjjjj‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤ‪jjjjjjj‬ﻞ ﺑﺸ‪jjjjjjj‬ﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻮاﻓ‪jjjjjjj‬ﻖ‬

‫واﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jj‬ﻮل ‪ IPv6‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮاﻓ‪jj‬ﻖ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻊ اﻹﺻ‪jj‬ﺪار اﻟﻘ‪jj‬ﺪﻳﻢ أي اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jj‬ﻮل‬
‫‪ .IPv4‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻀﻴﻒ أو ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ اﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻄﺒﻴ‪j‬ﻖ آ‪j‬ﻞ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ‬
‫‪ IPv4‬و ‪ IPv6‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌ‪jjj‬ﺮف ﻋﻠ‪jjj‬ﻰ ﺗﻨﺴ‪jjj‬ﻴﻖ آ‪jjj‬ﻼ اﻟﺮأﺳ‪jjj‬ﻴﻦ وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﻤ‪jjj‬ﺎ‪ .‬إن‬
‫اﻟﺮأس ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ أآﺒﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟ‪j‬ﺮأس ‪ ،IPv4‬وﺑ‪j‬ﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ه‪j‬ﺬا‬
‫ﻓﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ IPv6‬هﻲ أآﺒﺮ أرﺑﻊ ﻣﺮات ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪.IPv4‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻨﻮان آﺒﻴﺮة‬

‫ﻟﺪى ‪ IPv6‬ﻣﺼﺪر وﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ وﺟﻬﺔ ذات ‪ 128‬ﺑﺖ )‪ 16‬ﺑﺎﻳﺖ(‪ .‬وﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬

‫ﻣﻦ أن ‪ 128‬ﺑﺖ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ أن ﺗ‪j‬ﻮﻓﺮ أآﺜ‪j‬ﺮ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ‪ 1038×3.4‬ﺗﺮآﻴﺒ‪j‬ﺔ ﻣﻤﻜﻨ‪j‬ﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ ‪ IPv6‬ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎح ﻟﻌﺪة ﻣﺴ‪j‬ﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸ‪jj‬ﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ وﺗﺨﺼ‪jj‬ﻴﺺ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ أﺳ‪jj‬ﺎس إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jj‬ﺖ إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ اﻟﺸ‪jj‬ﺒﻜﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺮدﻳﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ أن ﻧﺴ‪jj‬ﺒﺔ ﺻ‪jj‬ﻐﻴﺮة ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻣﺨﺼﺼ‪jj‬ﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﻴ ‪ًj‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﻴﻔﻴﻦ‪ ،‬إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة‬
‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﻘﺒﻞ‪ .‬وﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻋﺪد أآﺒﺮ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ‪j‬ﻮﻓﺮة‪ ،‬ﻓﻠ‪j‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮن ﺗﻘﻨﻴ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان‪ ،‬آﻨﺸ‪jj‬ﺮ ‪ NATs‬ﺿ‪jj‬ﺮورﻳ ًﺔ ﺑﻌ‪jj‬ﺪ‬
‫اﻵن‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪IPv6‬‬

‫إن أآﺜ‪jj‬ﺮ اﻟﻤﻴ‪jj‬ﺰات ﺗﻤﻴ‪jj‬ﺰًا ووﺿ‪jj‬ﻮﺣًﺎ ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ ‪ IPv6‬ه‪jj‬ﻮ اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ‬

‫أآﺒﺮ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ‪ .‬إن ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﻓﻲ ‪ IPv6‬هﻮ ‪ 128‬ﺑﺖ‪ ،‬وهﻮ أآﺒﺮ ﺑ‪j‬ﺄرﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻣ‪jj‬ﺮات ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ ‪ .IPv4‬وﺗﺴ‪jj‬ﻤﺢ ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ذو ‪ 32‬ﺑ‪jj‬ﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ وﺟ‪jjj‬ﻮد ‪ 232‬ﻋﻨﻮاﻧ‪ًjjj‬ﺎ أو ‪ 4,294,967,296‬ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان‪ .‬وﺗﺴ‪jjj‬ﻤﺢ‬
‫ﻣﺴ‪jjjjj‬ﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjjjj‬ﻮان ذو ‪ 128‬ﺑ‪jjjjj‬ﺖ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴ‪jjjjj‬ﺔ وﺟ‪jjjjj‬ﻮد ‪ 2128‬ﻋﻨﻮاﻧ‪ًj jjj‬ﺎ أو‬

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‫‪340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,4‬‬
‫‪ (1038 × 3.4) 56‬ﻋﻨﻮاﻧًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ أواﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﺎت ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ‪ ،IPv4‬آ‪j‬ﺎن ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ‬

‫ﻏﻴ‪jjj‬ﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗ‪jjj‬ﻊ أن ﻳُﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﻨﻔﺪ‪ .‬وﻟﻜ‪jjj‬ﻦ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜ‪jjj‬ﻦ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴ‪jjj‬ﺮات ﻓ‪jjj‬ﻲ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﺎ‬
‫واﻟﺨﺒﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺺ اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﻏﻴ‪j‬ﺮ اﻟﻤﺘ‪j‬ﻮﻓﺮة ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ ﻋ‪j‬ﺪد اﻟﻤﻀ‪j‬ﻴﻔﻴﻦ ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ‬
‫إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jj‬ﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗ‪jj‬ﻢ اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﻬﻼك ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ‪ IPv4‬إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ درﺟ‪jj‬ﺔ أﻧ‪jj‬ﻪ ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻋ‪jj‬ﺎم‬
‫‪ 1992‬آﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ ﺿﺮورة اﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻮاﺳ‪jj‬ﻄﺔ ‪ ،IPv6‬ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ اﻟﺼ‪jj‬ﻌﺐ ﺟ‪jj‬ﺪًا ﺣﺘ‪jj‬ﻰ اﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴ‪jj‬ﺮ أﻧ‪jj‬ﻪ ﺳ‪jj‬ﻴﺘﻢ اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﻬﻼك‬

‫ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ‪ .IPv6‬ﻟﻠﻤﺴ‪jj‬ﺎﻋﺪة ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ وﺿ‪jj‬ﻊ ه‪jj‬ﺬا اﻟ‪jj‬ﺮﻗﻢ ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻈ‪jj‬ﻮر‪،‬‬
‫ﺗ‪jjjjjjjjjjj‬ﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﺴ‪jjjjjjjjjjj‬ﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjjjjjjjjjj‬ﻮان ذات ‪ 128‬ﺑ‪jjjjjjjjjjj‬ﺖ ﻋﻨ‪jjjjjjjjjjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ذات‬
‫‪ (1023 × 6.5) 655,570,793,348,866,943,898,599‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ أن ﻗﺮار ﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv6‬ﺑﻄﻮل ‪ 128‬ﺑﺖ‬

‫ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ هﺬا اﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻷرض ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ‬
‫ذات ‪ .1023 × 6.5‬ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺮى‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﻴًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان‬
‫‪ IPv6‬ﻹﻋ‪jj‬ﺎدة ﺗﻘﺴ‪jj‬ﻴﻤﻪ إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ ﻣﺠ‪jj‬ﺎﻻت ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ هﺮﻣﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﺗﻌﻜ‪jj‬ﺲ ﻃﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jj‬ﺖ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ .‬وﻳ‪jj‬ﻮﻓﺮ اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ‪ 128‬ﺑ‪jj‬ﺖ ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﻣﺘﻌ‪jj‬ﺪدة ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮوﻧ‪jj‬ﺔ واﻻﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻬﺮﻣ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ ﺗﺼ‪jj‬ﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ واﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ‬
‫واﻟﺬي ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺮ ﻟﻪ إﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪة إﻟﻰ ‪ IPv4‬ﺣﺎﻟﻴًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪IP‬‬ ‫ﺗ‪jjj‬ﻢ وﺻ‪jjj‬ﻒ ﺑﻨﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧ‪jjj‬ﺔ ‪ IPv6‬ﻓ‪jjj‬ﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺟ‪jjj‬ﻊ ‪،RFC 2373‬‬

‫‪Version 6 Addressing Architecture‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬

‫ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴ‪jj‬ﻴﻢ ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ‪ IPv6‬ﺑ‪jj‬ﻨﻔﺲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘ‪jj‬ﺔ ﺗﻘﺴ‪jj‬ﻴﻢ ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان‬

‫‪ IPv4‬ﺑﺎﻻﺳ‪j‬ﺘﻨﺎد إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ ﻗﻴﻤ‪j‬ﺔ ﺑﺘ‪j‬ﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴ‪jj‬ﺐ اﻟﻌ‪j‬ﺎﻟﻲ ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان‪ .‬وﺗﻌ‪jj‬ﺮف‬
‫ﺑﺘﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ واﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﺒﺎدﺋﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ )‪.(FP‬‬

‫ﻳﻌﺮض اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv6‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒ‪j‬ﻞ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺎت‬

‫اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ‪.FP‬‬

‫‪383‬‬
‫ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺴ‪jj‬ﻴﻖ آﺴ‪jjjjjj‬ﺮ ﻣﺴ‪jjjjjj‬ﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﻮان‬ ‫)‪(FP‬‬
‫‪1/256 0000 0000‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺠﻮز‬
‫‪1/128 0000 001‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺠﻮز ﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ‪NSAP‬‬
‫ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ أﺣﺎدﻳ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ‬
‫‪1/8‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨ‪jjjjjjjjjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ أﺣﺎدﻳ‪jjjjjjjjjj‬ﺔ اﻹرﺳ‪jjjjjjjjjj‬ﺎل ‪1111 1110‬‬
‫‪1/1024‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﻟﻼرﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ أﺣﺎدﻳ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻹرﺳ‪jjj‬ﺎل ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﻗ‪jjj‬ﻊ ‪1111 1110‬‬
‫‪1/1024‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫‪1/256 1111 1111‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻹرﺳﺎل‬

‫ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪.IPv6‬‬

‫ﺗﺘ‪jjjj‬ﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ‪jjjj‬ﺔ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ أﺣﺎدﻳ‪jjjj‬ﺔ اﻹرﺳ‪jjjj‬ﺎل اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴ‪jjjj‬ﺔ واﻟﺘ‪jjjj‬ﻲ ﻳﻤﻜ‪jjjj‬ﻦ‬

‫اﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻊ ﻋﻘ‪jjj‬ﺪ ‪ IPv6‬ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ أﺣﺎدﻳ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻹرﺳ‪jjj‬ﺎل اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ أﺣﺎدﻳ‪j‬ﺔ اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل ذات اﻻرﺗﺒ‪j‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪j‬ﻲ‪ ،‬وﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ‬
‫أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل ذات اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪j‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪j‬ﺔ‪ .‬وﺗﻤﺜ‪j‬ﻞ ه‪j‬ﺬﻩ ‪ 15‬ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺌ‪j‬ﺔ ﻓﻘ‪j‬ﻂ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﻮان ‪.IPv6‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪IPv6‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ IPv4‬ﺑﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻋﺸﺮي ﻣﻨﻘﻮط‪ .‬ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴ‪j‬ﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ذو‬
‫‪ 32‬ﺑﺖ إﻟﻰ أﺟﺰاء ذات ‪ 8‬ﺑﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻜﺲ آﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ‪j‬ﺔ ذات ‪ 8‬ﺑ‪j‬ﺖ إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻴﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺸﺮي وﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﻘﺎط‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟـ ‪ ،IPv6‬ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴ‪j‬ﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان‬
‫ذو ‪ 128‬ﺑﺖ إﻟﻰ أﺟﺰاء ذات ‪ 16‬ﺑﺖ‪ ،‬وﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻜﺲ آﻞ آﺘﻠﺔ ذات ‪ 16‬ﺑﺖ‬
‫إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ رﻗ‪jj‬ﻢ ﺳﺪاﺳ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻋﺸ‪jj‬ﺮ ﻣﺆﻟ‪jj‬ﻒ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ‪ 4‬أرﻗ‪jj‬ﺎم ﺛ‪jj‬ﻢ ﻓﺼ‪jj‬ﻠﻪ ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺘ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺪﻋﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ اﻟﺴﺪاﺳﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ‪.‬‬

‫إن ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ هﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪384‬‬
‫‪0010000111011010000000001101001100000000000‬‬
‫‪000000010111100111011‬‬

‫‪0000001010101010000000001111111111111110001‬‬
‫‪010001001110001011010‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ذو ‪ 128‬ﺑﺖ إﻟﻰ أﺟﺰاء ذات ‪ 16‬ﺑﺖ‪ ،‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪0000000011010011‬‬ ‫‪0010000111011010‬‬
‫‪0010111100111011‬‬ ‫‪0000000000000000‬‬
‫‪0000000011111111‬‬ ‫‪0000001010101010‬‬
‫‪1001110001011010‬‬ ‫‪1111111000101000‬‬

‫ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳ‪jj‬ﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﻠ‪jj‬ﺔ ذات ‪ 16‬ﺑ‪jj‬ﺖ إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ ﺳﺪاﺳ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻋﺸ‪jj‬ﺮ ﻣﺤ‪jj‬ﺪدًا ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺘ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ هﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪DA:00D3:0000:2F3B:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A21‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜ‪j‬ﻦ ﺗﺒﺴ‪j‬ﻴﻂ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴ‪j‬ﻞ ‪ IPv6‬أآﺜ‪j‬ﺮ ﺑﺈزاﻟ‪j‬ﺔ اﻷﺻ‪j‬ﻔﺎر اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴ‪j‬ﺔ ﺿ‪j‬ﻤﻦ آ‪jj‬ﻞ‬

‫آﺘﻠﺔ ذات ‪ 16‬ﺑﺖ‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟ‪j‬ﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠ‪j‬ﺐ أن ﻳﻜ‪j‬ﻮن ﻟ‪j‬ﺪى آ‪j‬ﻞ آﺘﻠ‪j‬ﺔ رﻗ‪j‬ﻢ ﻣﻔ‪j‬ﺮد‬
‫واﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ‪ .‬ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﺑﻌﺪ اﻗﺘﻄﺎع اﻟﺼﻔﺮ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ آﻤ‪j‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪DA:D3:0:2F3B:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A21‬‬

‫ﺿﻐﻂ اﻷﺻﻔﺎر‬

‫ﺗﺤﺘ‪jj‬ﻮي ﺑﻌ‪jj‬ﺾ أﻧ‪jj‬ﻮاع اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ ﺗﺴﻠﺴ‪jj‬ﻼت ﻃﻮﻳﻠ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ اﻷﺻ‪jj‬ﻔﺎر‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﺘﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ IPv6‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أآﺒﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺳﻠﺴ‪j‬ﻠﺔ ﻣﺘﺠ‪j‬ﺎورة‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ ذات ‪ 16‬ﺑ‪j‬ﺖ واﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨ‪j‬ﺔ إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ ‪ 0‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺴ‪j‬ﻴﻖ اﻟﺴﺪاﺳ‪j‬ﻲ ﻋﺸ‪j‬ﺮ اﻟ‪j‬ﺬي‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ إﻟﻰ ‪) ::‬ﻣﻌﺮوف ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺰدوﺟﺘﻴﻦ(‪.‬‬

‫‪385‬‬
‫ﻋﻠ‪jjjjj‬ﻰ ﺳ‪jjjjj‬ﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜ‪jjjjj‬ﺎل‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜ‪jjjjj‬ﻦ ﺿ‪jjjjj‬ﻐﻂ ﻋﻨ‪jjjjj‬ﻮان اﻻرﺗﺒ‪jjjjj‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪jjjjj‬ﻲ‬
‫‪ FE80:0:0:0:2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2‬إﻟ‪jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj‬ﻰ‬
‫‪ .FE80::2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2‬وﻳﻤﻜ‪jjj‬ﻦ ﺿ‪jjj‬ﻐﻂ ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان ﻣﺘﻌ‪jjj‬ﺪد‬
‫اﻹرﺳ‪jjjj‬ﺎل ‪ FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:2‬إﻟ‪jjjj‬ﻰ ‪ .FF02::2‬ﻳﻤﻜ‪jjjj‬ﻦ اﺳ‪jjjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ﺿ‪jj‬ﻐﻂ اﻟﺼ‪jj‬ﻔﺮ ﻟﻀ‪jj‬ﻐﻂ ﺳﻠﺴ‪jj‬ﻠﺔ ﻣﺘﺠ‪jj‬ﺎورة ﻣﻔ‪jj‬ﺮدة ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ آﺘ‪jj‬ﻞ ذات ‪ 16‬ﺑ‪jj‬ﺖ‬
‫واﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﻲ ﺗ‪jj‬ﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴ‪jj‬ﺮ ﻋﻨﻬ‪jj‬ﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳ‪jj‬ﻄﺔ ﺗ‪jj‬ﺪوﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﺪاﺳ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻋﺸ‪jj‬ﺮ‪ .‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺿﻐﻂ اﻷﺻ‪j‬ﻔﺎر ﻟﺘﻀ‪j‬ﻤﻴﻦ ﺟ‪j‬ﺰء ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ آﺘﻠ‪j‬ﺔ ذات ‪ 16‬ﺑ‪j‬ﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ ﺳ‪jj‬ﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜ‪jj‬ﺎل‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪jj‬ﻚ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴ‪jj‬ﺮ ﻋ‪jj‬ﻦ ‪FF02:30:0:0:0:0:0:5‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ‪.FF02:3::5‬‬

‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ آﻢ ﺻ‪j‬ﻔﺮًا ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ اﻟﺒﺘ‪j‬ﺎت ﺗ‪j‬ﻢ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻬ‪j‬ﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳ‪j‬ﻄﺔ ‪ ،::‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻨ‪j‬ﻚ ﻋ‪j‬ﺪ أرﻗ‪j‬ﺎم‬
‫اﻟﻜﺘ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻟﻤﻀ‪jj‬ﻐﻮط‪ ،‬ﻗ‪jj‬ﻢ ﺑﺈﻧﻘ‪jj‬ﺎص ه‪jj‬ﺬا اﻟﻌ‪jj‬ﺪد ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ‪ ،8‬ﺛ‪jj‬ﻢ ﻗ‪jj‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻀ‪jj‬ﺮب اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠ‪jj‬ﺔ ﺑ‪jj‬ـ ‪ .16‬ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ ﺳ‪jj‬ﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜ‪jj‬ﺎل‪ ،‬ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ‪،FF02::2‬‬
‫هﻨ‪jjj‬ﺎك آﺘﻠﺘ‪jjj‬ﻴﻦ )اﻟﻜﺘﻠ‪jjj‬ﺔ ‪ FF02‬واﻟﻜﺘﻠ‪jjj‬ﺔ ‪ .(2‬ﻋ‪jjj‬ﺪد اﻟﺒﺘ‪jjj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺒ‪jjj‬ﺮ ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ‪ ::‬هﻮ ‪.(16 × (2 - 8) = 96) 96‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﻌﻄﻰ‪ .‬وإﻻ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻦ‬
‫ﺗ‪j‬ﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳ‪jj‬ﺪ ﻋ‪j‬ﺪد اﻷﺻ‪jj‬ﻔﺎر ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ اﻟﺒﺘ‪j‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﻤﺜ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻗﺒ‪j‬ﻞ آ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻣﺜﻴ‪jj‬ﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺘﻄﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺰدوﺟﺘﻴﻦ )‪.(::‬‬

‫ﺑﺎدﺋﺎت ‪IPv6‬‬

‫إن اﻟﺒﺎدﺋﺔ هﻲ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان اﻟ‪j‬ﺬي ﻳﺸ‪j‬ﻴﺮ إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ اﻟﺒﺘ‪j‬ﺎت اﻟﺘ‪j‬ﻲ ﻟ‪j‬ﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻗ‪j‬ﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ أو ﺑﺘﺎت ﻣﻌ ّﺮف اﻟﺸ‪j‬ﺒﻜﺔ‪ .‬ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴ‪j‬ﺮ ﻋ‪j‬ﻦ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺎت ﻣﻌﺮّﻓ‪j‬ﺎت اﻟﺸ‪j‬ﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ وأﺟﻬﺰة ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ‪ IPv6‬ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴ‪j‬ﺮ ﻋ‪j‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺗ‪j‬ﺪوﻳﻦ )‪ Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR‬ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ أﺟ‪j‬ﻞ‬
‫‪ .IPv4‬ﺗﺘﻢ آﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺔ ‪ IPv6‬ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ ﺗ‪j‬ﺪوﻳﻦ ‪.address/prefix-length‬‬
‫ﻋﻠ‪jjjjjj‬ﻰ ﺳ‪jjjjjj‬ﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜ‪jjjjjj‬ﺎل‪ DA:D3::/4821 ،‬ه‪jjjjjj‬ﻮ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jjjjjj‬ﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jjjjjj‬ﻪ و‬
‫‪ DA:D3:0:2F3B::/6421‬هﻮ ﺑﺎدﺋﺔ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪386‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ IPv6‬أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل‬
‫ﻳﻌﺮّف اﻟﻌﻨﻮان أﺣﺎدي اﻹرﺳﺎل واﺟﻬﺔ واﺣﺪة ﺿﻤﻦ ﻧﻄﺎق ﻧﻮع اﻟﻌﻨﻮان‬
‫أﺣﺎدي اﻹرﺳﺎل‪ .‬ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻃﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ أﺣﺎدﻳ‪j‬ﺔ اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳ‪j‬ﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﺴ‪jj‬ﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺤ‪j‬ﺰم اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮﻧ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان أﺣ‪jj‬ﺎدي اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل ﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ واﺣ‪jj‬ﺪة‪ .‬إن‬
‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ هﻲ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ IPv6‬أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺠﻤﻌﺔ أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪NSAP‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺠﻤﻌﺔ أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل‪.‬‬

‫إن اﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﻌﺔ أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﻤﻌﺮّﻓﺔ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ﻗﺒ‪j‬ﻞ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ )‪ (FP‬اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ ،001‬ﻣﺴ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﺔ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴ‪j‬ﺔ‪ .‬إن‬
‫ه‪j‬ﺬﻩ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ وﻟﻠﻮﺻ‪j‬ﻮل ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ اﻟﻘﺴ‪jj‬ﻢ ‪ IPv6‬ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jj‬ﺖ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻌﺮوف ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ‪) bone6‬أﺳ‪j‬ﺎس ‪ .(IPv6‬وﺗﻌ‪j‬ﺮف أﻳﻀ‪ًj‬ﺎ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﻌﺔ أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫آﻤ‪jj‬ﺎ ﻳ‪jj‬ﻮﺣﻲ اﻻﺳ‪jj‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗ‪jj‬ﻢ ﺗﺼ‪jj‬ﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﻌ‪jj‬ﺔ أﺣﺎدﻳ‪jj‬ﺔ‬

‫اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل ﻟﺘﻜ‪jj‬ﻮن ﻣﺠﻤ ّﻌ‪jj‬ﺔ أو ﻣﻠﺨﺼ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻹﻧﺘ‪jj‬ﺎج ﺑﻨﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻓﻌّﺎﻟ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻼﻓ ‪ًj‬ﺎ ﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jj‬ﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﻨﺪة إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ ‪ ،IPv4‬واﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻟ‪jj‬ﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺧﻠ‪jj‬ﻴﻂ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ واﻟﻤﺴ‪jj‬ﻄﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘ‪jj‬ﺪ ﺗ‪jj‬ﻢ ﺗﺼ‪jj‬ﻤﻴﻢ إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jj‬ﺖ اﻟﻤﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﻨﺪة إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ‬
‫‪ IPv6‬ﻟ‪jj‬ﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ واﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ واﻟﻔﻌّﺎﻟ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ .‬إن اﻟﻨﻄ‪jj‬ﺎق‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻄﻘ‪jj‬ﺔ‬
‫ﺷ‪jjj‬ﺒﻜﺔ ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﺘ‪jjj‬ﻲ ﻳﻜ‪jjj‬ﻮن اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان ﻋﺒﺮه‪jjj‬ﺎ ﻓﺮﻳ‪jjj‬ﺪاً‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﻊ أﺣﺎدي اﻹرﺳﺎل‪ ،‬هﻲ إﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪ IPv6‬آﺎﻣﻠ ًﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ وﺻﻒ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﻊ أﺣﺎدي اﻹرﺳﺎل آﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﻌﺮّف ‪TLA‬‬ ‫•‬

‫إن ﺣﻘ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻣﻌ‪jj‬ﺮّف ‪ TLA‬ﻳﺸ‪jj‬ﻴﺮ إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ ﻣﺠﻤ‪jj‬ﻮع ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﻮى اﻷﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ‬

‫)‪ (TLA‬ﻟﻠﻌﻨ‪jjjj‬ﻮان‪ .‬إن ﺳ‪jjjj‬ﻌﺔ ه‪jjjj‬ﺬا اﻟﺤﻘ‪jjjj‬ﻞ ‪ 13‬ﺑ‪jjjj‬ﺖ‪ .‬إن ‪TLA‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻌ‪jj‬ﺮف ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ أﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﻮى ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ هﺮﻣﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﺗ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ إدارة‬
‫‪ TLA‬ﺑﻮاﺳ‪jjj‬ﻄﺔ ‪ IANA‬آﻤ‪jjjj‬ﺎ أﻧﻬ‪jjjj‬ﺎ ﺗﺘﻮﺿ‪jjjj‬ﻊ ﻓ‪jjjj‬ﻲ ﺗﺴ‪jjjj‬ﺠﻴﻼت‬
‫إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jj‬ﺖ ﻣﺤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ واﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﻲ ﺑ‪jj‬ﺪورهﺎ ﺗﻀ‪jj‬ﻊ آ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻣﻌﺮّﻓ‪jj‬ﺎت ‪ TLA‬ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤ‪jj‬ﻮﻓﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﺒ‪jj‬ﺎر ﻟﺨﺪﻣ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jj‬ﺖ اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ )‪ .(ISP‬إن ﺣﻘ‪jj‬ﻞ‬
‫‪13‬ﺑﺖ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑـ ‪ 8,192‬ﻣﻌﺮّﻓ‪ًj‬ﺎ ﻟ‪j‬ـ ‪ TLA‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ‪j‬ﺔ ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ اﻷآﺜ‪j‬ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫إن أﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ ﻷﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﻮى ﻟﻬﺮﻣﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jj‬ﺖ ﻟ‪jj‬ـ‬
‫‪) IPv6‬ﺗﺴ‪jj‬ﻤﻰ أﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺰة ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ ﺑ‪jj‬ﻼ اﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‪jj‬ﻲ( ﻻ ﺗﻤﻠ‪jj‬ﻚ ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ‬
‫اﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‪jj‬ﻲ — ﺑ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻓﻘ‪jj‬ﻂ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬ‪jj‬ﺎت ﻣ‪jj‬ﻊ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺎت ‪ 16‬ﺑ‪jj‬ﺖ واﻟﺘ ‪j‬ﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻊ ‪ TLA‬اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪Res‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺠﺰ اﻟﺤﻘﻞ ‪ Res‬ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺣﺠﻢ إﻣ‪j‬ﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻌ ‪j‬ﺮّف ‪ TLA‬أو ﻣﻌ ‪j‬ﺮّف ‪ .NLA‬إن ﺣﺠ‪jj‬ﻢ ه‪jj‬ﺬا اﻟﺤﻘ‪jj‬ﻞ ه‪jj‬ﻮ ‪8‬‬
‫ﺑﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮّف ‪NLA‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺸ‪jjj‬ﻴﺮ ﺣﻘ‪jjj‬ﻞ ﻣﻌ‪jjj‬ﺮّف ‪ NLA‬إﻟ‪jjj‬ﻰ ﻣﺠﻤ‪jjj‬ﻮع اﻟﻤﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﻮى اﻟﺘ‪jjj‬ﺎﻟﻲ‬

‫)‪ (NLA‬ﻟﻠﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان‪ .‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻌ ‪j‬ﺮّف ‪ NLA‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌ ‪j‬ﺮّف ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗ‪jj‬ﻊ ﻣﻌ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻴ‪jj‬ﻞ‪ .‬إن ﺣﺠ‪jj‬ﻢ ه‪jj‬ﺬا اﻟﺤﻘ‪jj‬ﻞ ه‪jj‬ﻮ ‪ 24‬ﺑ‪jj‬ﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺴ‪jj‬ﻤﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮّف ‪ NLA‬ﻟـ ‪ ISP‬ﺑﺈﻧﺸ‪j‬ﺎء ﻣﺴ‪j‬ﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﻣﺘﻌ‪j‬ﺪدة ﻟﻬ‪j‬ﺮم اﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ واﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ وﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮّف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ‪ .‬إن ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫‪ ISP‬ﻏﻴ‪jj‬ﺮ ﻣﺮﺋﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻷﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺰة ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ ذات اﻹﻋ‪jj‬ﺪادات اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‪jj‬ﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮة‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮّف ‪SLA‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺸ‪jjj‬ﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻘ‪jjj‬ﻞ ﻣﻌ‪jjj‬ﺮّف ‪ SLA‬إﻟ‪jjj‬ﻰ ﻣﺠﻤ‪jjj‬ﻮع ﻣﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﻮﻗ‪jjj‬ﻊ‬

‫)‪ (SLA‬ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻮان‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف ‪ SLA‬ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ﻗﺒ‪j‬ﻞ ﻣﺆﺳﺴ‪j‬ﺔ‬

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‫ﻓﺮدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫إن ﺣﺠﻢ هﺬا اﻟﺤﻘ‪j‬ﻞ ه‪j‬ﻮ ‪ 16‬ﺑ‪j‬ﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜ‪j‬ﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴ‪j‬ﺔ اﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام ‪16‬‬
‫ﺑ‪jjj‬ﺖ ه‪jjj‬ﺬﻩ ﺿ‪jjj‬ﻤﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎ ﻹﻧﺸ‪jjj‬ﺎء ‪ 65,536‬ﺷ‪jjj‬ﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﺮﻋﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ أو‬
‫ﻣﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﻣﺘﻌ‪jjj‬ﺪدة ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ ه‪jjj‬ﺮم اﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧ‪jjj‬ﺔ واﻟﺒﻨﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﻔﻌّﺎﻟ‪jj‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺮوﻧﺔ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ذات ‪ 16‬ﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜ‪j‬ﻮن‬
‫ﺑﺎدﺋﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻷﺣﺎدي اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﻌ‪j‬ﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨ‪j‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎوﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺨﺼ‪j‬ﻴﺺ ﻣﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف ﺷ‪j‬ﺒﻜﺔ ‪IPv4‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺌ‪jjj‬ﺔ ‪ A‬ﻟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎ )ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻊ اﻓﺘ‪jjj‬ﺮاض أن ﺁﺧ‪jjj‬ﺮ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﺑﺘ‪jjj‬ﺎت ﻣﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸ‪j‬ﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‪j‬ﺔ(‪ .‬إن ﺑﻨﻴ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺋﻴﺔ ﻟـ ‪.ISP‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻘﻞ ﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻋﻘ‪j‬ﺪة ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ .‬إن ﺣﺠﻢ هﺬا اﻟﺤﻘﻞ هﻮ ‪ 64‬ﺑﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺒ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺿ‪jj‬ﻴﺢ اﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﻲ آﻴﻔﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ إﻧﺸ‪jj‬ﺎء اﻟﺤﻘ‪jj‬ﻮل اﻟﻤﻮﺟ‪jj‬ﻮدة ﺿ‪jj‬ﻤﻦ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان‬

‫اﻟﻌﻤ‪jjjj‬ﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤ‪jjjj‬ﻊ أﺣ‪jjjj‬ﺎدي اﻹرﺳ‪jjjj‬ﺎل ﻟﺒﻨﻴ‪jjjj‬ﺔ ﻃﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴ‪jjjj‬ﺔ ذات ﺛ‪jjjj‬ﻼث‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‪.‬‬

‫إن اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﺎ اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ه‪jj‬ﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ‪ ISP‬اﻷآﺒ‪jj‬ﺮ أو اﻷﺻ‪jj‬ﻐﺮ‬

‫واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗ‪j‬ﺆﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺻ‪j‬ﻮل إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪j‬ﺖ ‪ .IPv6‬أﻣ‪j‬ﺎ ﻃﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﺎ اﻟﻤﻮﻗ‪j‬ﻊ ﻓﻬ‪j‬ﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺿ‪j‬ﻤﻦ ﻣﻮﻗ‪j‬ﻊ ﻣﺆﺳﺴ‪j‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻳُﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ واﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﺮﻋﻴ‪j‬ﺔ ﺿ‪j‬ﻤﻦ ﻣﻮﻗ‪j‬ﻊ ﻣﺆﺳﺴ‪j‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﺰﻳ‪jjj‬ﺪ ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪jjj‬ﺎت ﺣ‪jjj‬ﻮل اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﻌ‪jjj‬ﺔ أﺣﺎدﻳ‪jjj‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻹرﺳﺎل‪ ،‬راﺟﻊ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ ‪An IPv6 Aggregatable ،RFC 2374‬‬
‫‪Global Unicast Address Format‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل‬

‫هﻨﺎك ﻧﻮﻋﺎن ﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل‪:‬‬

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‫‪ .1‬ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎﻃ‪jjj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺑ‪jjj‬ﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺠ‪jjj‬ﺎورات‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ وﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اآﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﺠﻮار‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪jj‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺑ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻘ‪jj‬ﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺼ‪jj‬ﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﻘ‪jj‬ﺪ‬
‫أﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎﻃ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﺮّﻓ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻗﺒ‪jj‬ﻞ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺘﻨﺴ‪jjj‬ﻴﻖ ‪ FP‬اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ ‪ ،10 1110 1111‬ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ ﻗﺒ‪jjj‬ﻞ اﻟﻌﻘ‪jjj‬ﺪ أﺛﻨ‪jjj‬ﺎء‬
‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﻣ‪j‬ﻊ اﻟﻌﻘ‪j‬ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠ‪j‬ﺎورة ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ ﻧﻔ‪j‬ﺲ اﻻرﺗﺒ‪j‬ﺎط‪ .‬ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ ﺳ‪j‬ﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜ‪j‬ﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠ‪jjj‬ﻰ ﺷ‪jjj‬ﺒﻜﺔ ‪ IPv6‬ذات اﻻرﺗﺒ‪jjj‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﻔ‪jjj‬ﺮد ﺑ‪jjj‬ﺪون ﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎز ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ‪ ،‬وﻳ‪jjj‬ﺘﻢ‬
‫اﺳ‪jjjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨ‪jjjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎﻃ‪jjjj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jjjj‬ﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼ‪jjjj‬ﺎل ﺑ‪jjjj‬ﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻀ‪jjjj‬ﻴﻔﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟ‪jj‬ﻮدﻳﻦ ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ اﻻرﺗﺒ‪jj‬ﺎط‪ .‬إن ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎﻃ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ IPv4‬ﻟﻤﻴ‪jjj‬ﺰة ﺗﻜ‪jjj‬ﻮﻳﻦ ‪ IP‬ﺧ‪jjj‬ﺎص ﺗﻠﻘ‪jjj‬ﺎﺋﻲ )‪) (APIPA‬اﻟﺘ‪jjj‬ﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺒﺎدﺋﺔ ‪ .(16/169.254.0.0‬إن ﻧﻄﺎق ﻋﻨﻮان اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬
‫ه‪jj‬ﻮ اﻻرﺗﺒ‪jj‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪jj‬ﻲ‪ .‬إن ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻻرﺗﺒ‪jj‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻣﻄﻠ‪jj‬ﻮب ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺎت‬
‫اآﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﺠﻮار وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻨﻪ داﺋﻤ‪ًj‬ﺎ ﺑﺸ‪j‬ﻜﻞ ﺗﻠﻘ‪j‬ﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘ‪j‬ﻰ ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ ﻏﻴ‪j‬ﺎب آﺎﻓ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻷﺧﺮى‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺒﺪأ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎﻃ‪j‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪j‬ﺔ ﺑ‪j‬ـ ‪ .FE80‬ﺑﻮاﺳ‪j‬ﻄﺔ ﻣﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ‬

‫ذات ‪ 64‬ﺑ‪jjjj‬ﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜ‪jjjj‬ﻮن اﻟﺒﺎدﺋ‪jjjj‬ﺔ ﻟﻌﻨ‪jjjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎﻃ‪jjjj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jjjj‬ﺔ داﺋﻤ‪ًَj jj‬ﺎ‬
‫‪ .FE80::/64‬ﻻ ﻳﻘ‪jj‬ﻮم ﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ ﺣﺮآ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jj‬ﺮور اﻻرﺗﺒ‪jj‬ﺎط‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫إن ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪jjj‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﻌﺮّﻓ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ ﻗﺒ‪jjj‬ﻞ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺴ‪jjj‬ﻴﻖ ‪FP‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ ،11 1110 1111‬ﻣﺴﺎوﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﺨ‪j‬ﺎص‬
‫)‪ ،10.0.0.0/8‬و ‪ ،172.16.0.0/12‬و ‪ .(192.168.0.0/16‬ﻋﻠ‪jjjjjjj‬ﻰ‬
‫ﺳ‪jj‬ﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜ‪jj‬ﺎل‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻹﻧﺘﺮاﻧ‪jj‬ﺖ اﻟﺨﺎﺻ‪jj‬ﺔ واﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟ‪jj‬ﺪ ﻟ‪jj‬ﺪﻳﻬﺎ اﺗﺼ‪jj‬ﺎل‬
‫ﻣﻮّﺟﻪ وﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺑﺈﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪ IPv6‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪j‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪j‬ﺔ ﺑ‪j‬ﺪون‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎرض ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﻌﺔ أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل‪ .‬إن ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪jj‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻏﻴ‪jj‬ﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺻ‪jj‬ﻮل ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻣﻮاﻗ‪jj‬ﻊ أﺧ‪jj‬ﺮى‪ ،‬وﻳﺠ‪jj‬ﺐ ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ‬

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‫أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺣﺮآﺔ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻤﻮﻗ‪j‬ﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪j‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪j‬ﺔ إﺿ‪j‬ﺎﻓﺔ إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﻌﺔ أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل‪ .‬إن ﻧﻄﺎق ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﻮﻗ‪j‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪j‬ﻲ ه‪j‬ﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﻗ‪j‬ﻊ‬
‫)اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻼﻓ‪ًjj‬ﺎ ﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎﻃ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪jj‬ﻊ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴ‪ًj‬ﺎ وﻳﺠ‪jj‬ﺐ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻨﻬ‪jj‬ﺎ إﻣ‪jj‬ﺎ ﻋﺒ‪jj‬ﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺎت ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ﺑ‪jj‬ﺪون‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ أو ﻣﺼﺤﻮب ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ داﺋﻤ‪ًjj‬ﺎ ﺗﺜﺒﻴ‪jj‬ﺖ أول ‪ 48‬ﺑ‪jj‬ﺖ ﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪jj‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ ،‬اﺑﺘ‪jj‬ﺪاءًا ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ‬
‫‪ .FEC0::/48‬ﺑﻌ‪jj‬ﺪ ‪ 48‬ﺑ‪jj‬ﺖ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻳ‪jj‬ﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف اﻟﺸ‪jj‬ﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ذات‬
‫‪ 16‬ﺑﺖ )ﺣﻘﻞ ﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ( هﻮ ﻳ‪j‬ﻮﻓﺮ ‪ 16‬ﺑ‪j‬ﺖ واﻟﺘ‪j‬ﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪j‬ﻚ‬
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺘﻬﺎ إﻧﺸﺎء ﺷﺒﻜﺎت ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺘﻚ‪ .‬ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ‪ 16‬ﺑﺖ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫أن ﻳﻜ‪jjj‬ﻮن ﻟ‪jjj‬ﺪﻳﻚ ‪ 65,536‬ﺷ‪jjj‬ﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﺮﻋﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻓ‪jjj‬ﻲ ﺑﻨﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﺸ‪jjj‬ﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴ‪j‬ﻄﺤﺔ‪ ،‬أو ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪jj‬ﻚ إﻋ‪jj‬ﺎدة ﺗﻘﺴ‪j‬ﻴﻢ ﺑﺘ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴ‪jj‬ﺐ اﻟﻌ‪j‬ﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﺤﻘ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻣﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف‬
‫اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻹﻧﺸ‪j‬ﺎء ﺑﻨﻴ‪j‬ﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻴ‪j‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤ‪j‬ﻊ واﻟﻬﺮﻣ‪j‬ﻲ‪ .‬ﺑﻌ‪j‬ﺪ أن‬
‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺣﻘﻞ ﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺣﻘﻞ ﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ ذات ‪ 64‬ﺑ‪j‬ﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ واﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺸﺘﺮك اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﻌﻤ‪j‬ﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤ‪j‬ﻊ أﺣ‪j‬ﺎدي اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل ﻣ‪j‬ﻊ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان اﻟﻤﻮﻗ‪j‬ﻊ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺑﻌﺪ أول ‪ 48‬ﺑﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان‪ .‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﻌ‪jj‬ﺔ أﺣﺎدﻳ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل‪ ،‬ﻳﻌ‪jj‬ﺮّف ﻣﻌ‪jj‬ﺮّف ‪ SLA‬اﻟﺸ‪jjj‬ﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﻔّ‪j‬ﺬ ﻣﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف‬
‫اﻟﺸ‪jj‬ﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻧﻔ‪jj‬ﺲ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ .‬وﺑﺴ‪jj‬ﺒﺐ ه‪jj‬ﺬا‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪jj‬ﻚ ﺗﻌﻴ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ رﻗ‪jj‬ﻢ ﻣﺤ‪jj‬ﺪد‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸ‪jj‬ﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌ‪jj‬ﺮف ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ اﻟﺸ‪jj‬ﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻜ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ واﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﻌﺔ أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮان ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺪد‬ ‫•‬

‫‪391‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان )‪ 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0‬أو ‪ (::‬ﻏﻴ‪j‬ﺮ اﻟﻤﺤ‪j‬ﺪد‬
‫ﻟﻺﺷﺎرة ﻓﻘﻂ إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ ﻏﻴ‪j‬ﺎب اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان‪ .‬وه‪j‬ﻮ ﻣﻜ‪j‬ﺎﻓﻰء ﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ‪IPv4‬‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد اﻟﻤﺆﻟ‪j‬ﻒ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ‪ .0.0.0.0‬ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ﻏﻴ‪j‬ﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤ‪jj‬ﺪد ﺑﺸ‪jj‬ﻜﻞ ﻧﻤ‪jj‬ﻮذﺟﻲ آﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ﻣﺼ‪jj‬ﺪر ﻟﻠﺤ‪jj‬ﺰم اﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﻲ ﺗﺤ‪jj‬ﺎول‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘ‪jjj‬ﻖ ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ أن اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒ‪jjj‬ﻲ ﻓﺮﻳ‪jjj‬ﺪ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳ‪jjj‬ﺘﻢ أﺑ‪jjj‬ﺪًا ﺗﻌﻴ‪jjj‬ﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﻋﻠﻰ واﺟﻬﺔ أو اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧ‪j‬ﻪ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮان اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎع‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻻﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺮﺟﺎع )‪ 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1‬أو ‪(1::‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ واﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎع‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺗﻤﻜﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻘﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ إرﺳﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺤ‪jj‬ﺰم إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ ﻧﻔﺴ‪jj‬ﻬﺎ‪ .‬وه‪jj‬ﺬا ﻣﻜ‪jj‬ﺎﻓﻰء ﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻻﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺮﺟﺎع ‪IPv4‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﻟ‪jj‬ﻒ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ‪ .127.0.0.1‬ﻻ ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ أﺑ‪jj‬ﺪًا إرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل اﻟﺤ‪jj‬ﺰم اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮﻧ‪jj‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻻﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺮﺟﺎع ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ ارﺗﺒ‪jj‬ﺎط أو ﻻ ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻬ‪jj‬ﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳ‪jj‬ﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ‪.IPv6‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴ‪jj‬ﺎﻋﺪة ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺣﻴ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ‪ IPv4‬إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ ‪ IPv6‬وﻟﺘﺴ‪jj‬ﻬﻴﻞ ﺗﻮاﺟ‪jj‬ﺪ ﻧ‪jj‬ﻮﻋﻲ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻀﻴﻔﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ رﻓﺾ اﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻓ‪j‬ﻖ‪0:0:0:0:0:0:w.x.y.z ،‬‬

‫أو ‪) ::w.x.y.z‬ﺣﻴ‪jjjj‬ﺚ أن ‪ w.x.y.z‬ه‪jjjjj‬ﻲ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴ‪jjjjj‬ﻞ اﻟﻌﺸ‪jjjjj‬ﺮي‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮط ﻟﻌﻨﻮان ‪ ،(IPv4‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﺪﻳﺲ واﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑـ ‪ IPv6‬ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟـ ‪ .IPv4‬إن اﻟﻌﻘ‪j‬ﺪ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﺘﻜ‪j‬ﺪﻳﺲ‬
‫ه‪jjj‬ﻲ ﻋﻘ‪jjj‬ﺪ ﻟ‪jjj‬ﺪﻳﻬﺎ آ‪jjj‬ﻞ ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjj‬ﻮﻟﻲ ‪ IPv4‬و ‪ .IPv6‬ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﺪ‬
‫اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻓ‪jj‬ﻖ ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ أﻧ‪jj‬ﻪ وﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ ‪ ،IPv6‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻒ ﺣﺮآﺔ ﻣ‪j‬ﺮور ‪ IPv6‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴ‪ًj‬ﺎ ﺑ‪j‬ﺮأس ‪ IPv4‬وإرﺳ‪j‬ﺎﻟﻪ إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟـ ‪.IPv4‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫•‬

‫‪392‬‬
‫ﻳ‪jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj‬ﻮان ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﻤﻌ‪jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj‬ﻴﻦ‪،‬‬
‫‪ 0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:w.x.y.z‬أو ‪ ،::FFFF:w.x.y.z‬ﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻘﺪة ‪ IPv4‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺪة ‪ .IPv6‬وﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺜﻴ‪j‬ﻞ اﻟ‪j‬ﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .‬وﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان أو‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر وﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺰﻣﺔ ‪ .IPv6‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآﻮل ‪ IPv6‬ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ‬
‫أﺟﻞ ‪ Windows XP‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮان ‪to46‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ‪ to46‬ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻘ‪j‬ﺪﺗﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﻤ‪j‬ﻼن ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ‬

‫آﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ IPv4‬و ‪ IPv6‬ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﻴ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴ‪j‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ ‪ .IPv4‬ﺗ‪j‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺸ‪jj‬ﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ‪ to46‬ﺑﻀ‪jj‬ﻢ اﻟﺒﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺔ ‪ 2002::/16‬ﻣ‪jj‬ﻊ ‪ 32‬ﺑ‪jj‬ﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺪة‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﺗﺸ‪j‬ﻜﻴﻞ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫ذات ‪ 48‬ﺑﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﻮان ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ‬
‫ﻣ‪jjjjjj‬ﻦ ‪ ،131.107.0.1‬ﺗﻜ‪jjjjjj‬ﻮن ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jjjjjj‬ﺔ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjjjjj‬ﻮان ‪ to46‬ه‪jjjjjj‬ﻲ‬
‫‪B:1::/482002:836‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪NSAP‬‬

‫ﻟﺘ‪jjj‬ﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺳ‪jjj‬ﺒﻞ ﻟﺘﻌﻴ‪jjj‬ﻴﻦ ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄ‪jjj‬ﺔ وﺻ‪jjj‬ﻮل ﺧﺪﻣ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﺷ‪jjj‬ﺒﻜﺔ اﻻﺗﺼ‪jjj‬ﺎل‬

‫)‪ (NSAP‬إﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ ،IPv6‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ NSAP‬ﺑﺎدﺋﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺴ‪j‬ﻴﻖ‬
‫‪ FP‬اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔ‪j‬ﺔ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ‪ 0000001‬وﺗﻌ‪j‬ﻴّﻦ ﺁﺧ‪j‬ﺮ ‪ 121‬ﺑ‪j‬ﺖ ﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ‪ IPv6‬إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ .NSAP‬ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣ‪j‬ﻮل اﻷﻧ‪j‬ﻮاع اﻷرﺑﻌ‪j‬ﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻨ‪j‬ﺎت‬
‫ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ ،NSAP‬راﺟ‪jj‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﺮﺟ‪jj‬ﻊ ‪OSI NSAPs " ،RFC 1888‬‬
‫‪".and IPv6‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ IPv6‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻹرﺳﺎل‬

‫ﻳﻌ ‪j‬ﺮّف اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻟﻤﺘﻌ‪jj‬ﺪد اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل ﻋ‪jj‬ﺪة واﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺎت‪ .‬ﺑﻮاﺳ‪jj‬ﻄﺔ ﻃﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﺎ‬

‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳ‪j‬ﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﺴ‪j‬ﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺤ‪j‬ﺰم اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮﻧ‪j‬ﺔ إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ آﺎﻓ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺮّﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﺪى ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ IPv6‬ﻣﺘﻌ‪j‬ﺪدة اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل ﺑﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺴ‪j‬ﻴﻖ )‪ (FP‬اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔ‪j‬ﺔ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ‬

‫‪ .1111 1111‬ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ اﻟﺴ‪jjj‬ﻬﻞ ﺗﺼ‪jjj‬ﻨﻴﻒ ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان ‪ IPv6‬ﻋﻠ‪jjj‬ﻰ أﻧ‪jjj‬ﻪ ﻣﺘﻌ‪jjj‬ﺪد‬

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‫اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل ﻷﻧ‪jjj‬ﻪ داﺋﻤ‪ًjj‬ﺎ ﻳﺒ‪jjj‬ﺪًا ﺑ‪jj‬ـ ‪ .FF‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜ‪jjj‬ﻦ اﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻌ‪jjj‬ﺪدة‬
‫اﻹرﺳﺎل آﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺎدﺋﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ‪ ،FP‬ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻌ‪j‬ﺪدة اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل ﺑﻨﻴ‪j‬ﺔ إﺿ‪j‬ﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ إﺷﺎراﺗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﻄ‪j‬ﺎق‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌ‪j‬ﺪدة اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل‪ ،‬آﻤ‪j‬ﺎ‬
‫هﻮ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﻘﻮل اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻹرﺳﺎل هﻲ آﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫إﺷﺎرات‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺸ‪jj‬ﻴﺮ ﺣﻘ‪jj‬ﻞ اﻹﺷ‪jj‬ﺎرات إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ اﻹﺷ‪jj‬ﺎرات اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان‬

‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد اﻹرﺳﺎل‪ .‬إن ﺣﺠﻢ هﺬا اﻟﺤﻘﻞ هﻮ ‪ 4‬ﺑ‪j‬ﺖ‪ .‬آﻤ‪j‬ﺎ ه‪j‬ﻮ ﻣﺒ‪ّ j‬ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ ‪ ،RFC 2373‬ﻓ‪j‬ﺈن اﻹﺷ‪j‬ﺎرة اﻟﻮﺣﻴ‪j‬ﺪة اﻟﻤﻌﺮّﻓ‪j‬ﺔ ه‪j‬ﻲ‬
‫اﻹﺷ‪jj‬ﺎرة )‪ .Transient (T‬وﺗﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪم اﻹﺷ‪jj‬ﺎرة ‪ T‬اﻟﺒ‪jj‬ﺖ ذات‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻟﺤﻘﻞ اﻹﺷﺎرات‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﻴ‪j‬ﻴﻦ إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ ‪ ،0‬ﺗﺸ‪j‬ﻴﺮ‬
‫اﻹﺷ‪jj‬ﺎرة ‪ T‬إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ أن اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ﻣﺘﻌ‪jj‬ﺪد اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل ه‪jj‬ﻮ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ﻣﺘﻌ‪jj‬ﺪد‬
‫اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل ﺗ‪jj‬ﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻨ‪jj‬ﻪ ﺑﺸ‪jj‬ﻜﻞ داﺋ‪jj‬ﻢ )ﻣﻌ‪jj‬ﺮوف( ﻣﺨﺼ‪jj‬ﺺ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻗﺒ‪jj‬ﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟ‪jj‬ﻊ اﻷرﻗ‪jjj‬ﺎم اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jjj‬ﺖ ‪Internet Assigned‬‬
‫)‪ .Numbers Authority (IANA‬ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﻴ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ ‪،1‬‬
‫ﺗﺸ‪jj‬ﻴﺮ اﻹﺷ‪jj‬ﺎرة ‪ T‬إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ أن اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ﻣﺘﻌ‪jj‬ﺪد اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل ه‪jj‬ﻮ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻹرﺳﺎل ﻋﺎﺑﺮ )ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ داﺋﻢ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻄﺎق‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺸ‪jj‬ﻴﺮ ﺣﻘ‪jj‬ﻞ اﻟﻨﻄ‪jj‬ﺎق إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ ﻧﻄ‪jj‬ﺎق ﺷ‪jj‬ﺒﻜﺔ ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﻲ ﺗ‪jj‬ﻢ‬

‫ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﺮور ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻹرﺳﺎل ﻟﻪ‪ .‬إن ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺤﻘﻞ هﻮ ‪ 4‬ﺑ‪j‬ﺖ‪.‬‬
‫إﺿ‪jj‬ﺎﻓﺔ إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤ‪jj‬ﻮﻓﺮة ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻗﺒ‪jj‬ﻞ ﺑﺮﺗﻮآ‪jj‬ﻮﻻت اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌ‪jjj‬ﺪدة اﻹرﺳ‪jjj‬ﺎل‪ ،‬ﺗﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪم أﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ اﻟﻨﻄ‪jjj‬ﺎق اﻟﻤﺘﻌ‪jjj‬ﺪد‬
‫اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳ‪jj‬ﺪ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ إﻋ‪jj‬ﺎدة ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ ﺣﺮآ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jj‬ﺮور اﻟﻤﺘﻌ‪jj‬ﺪد‬
‫اﻹرﺳﺎل‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ ‪:RFC 2373‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻄﺎق‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺣﻘﻞ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‬
‫ﻋﻘﺪة ﻣﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫‪E‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﻟﺪى اﻟﻤﺮور ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل ﻣﺆﻟ‪j‬ﻒ‬

‫ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ ‪ FF02::2‬ﻧﻄ‪jjj‬ﺎق ارﺗﺒ‪jjj‬ﺎط ﻣﺤﻠ‪jjj‬ﻲ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﻘ‪jjj‬ﻮم ﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎز ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ‬
‫‪ IPv6‬ﺑﺈﻋ‪jj‬ﺎدة ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ ه‪jj‬ﺬا اﻟﻤ‪jj‬ﺮور أﺑ‪jj‬ﺪًا إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ ﻣ‪jj‬ﺎ ﺑﻌ‪jj‬ﺪ اﻻرﺗﺒ‪jj‬ﺎط‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﻌ‪jj‬ﺮّف ﺣﻘ‪jjj‬ﻞ ﻣﻌ‪jj‬ﺮّف اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻣﺘﻌ‪jjj‬ﺪدة اﻹرﺳ‪jjj‬ﺎل‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔ ‪ًj‬ﺎ ﻓﺮﻳ‪jj‬ﺪًا ﺿ‪jj‬ﻤﻦ اﻟﻨﻄ‪jj‬ﺎق‪ .‬إن ﺣﺠ‪jj‬ﻢ اﻟﺤﻘ‪jj‬ﻞ ه‪jj‬ﻮ ‪ 112‬ﺑ‪jj‬ﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮن ﻣﻌﺮﻓ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨ‪jj‬ﺔ ﺑﺸ‪jj‬ﻜﻞ داﺋ‪jj‬ﻢ ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻋ‪jj‬ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‪ .‬إن ﻣﻌﺮﻓ‪j‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﻮﻋ‪j‬ﺎت اﻟﻌ‪j‬ﺎﺑﺮة ﻣﺘﺼ‪j‬ﻠﺔ ﻓﻘ‪j‬ﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻄ‪j‬ﺎق‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪد‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺠﺰ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻌ‪j‬ﺪدة اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ‪ ::FF01‬إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ‬
‫‪ ::FF0F‬وهﻲ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺟﻴﺪًا‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ آﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻌﻘﺪة اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ واﻻرﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪) FF01::1‬ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﻮان آﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ(‬ ‫•‬

‫‪) FF02::1‬ﻧﻄﺎق اﻻرﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﻮان آﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ(‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳ‪jj‬ﻒ آﺎﻓ‪jj‬ﺔ أﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ ﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻌﻘ‪jj‬ﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ ،‬واﻻرﺗﺒﺎﻃ‪jj‬ﺎت‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪jj‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳ‪jj‬ﻒ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻌ‪jj‬ﺪدة اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪) FF01::2‬ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﻮان آﺎﻓﺔ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ(‬ ‫•‬

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‫‪) FF02::2‬ﻧﻄ‪jj‬ﺎق اﻻرﺗﺒﺎﻃ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان آﺎﻓ‪jj‬ﺔ أﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺰة‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ(‬
‫‪) FF05::2‬ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﻮان آﺎﻓﺔ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ(‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻮاﺳ‪j‬ﻄﺔ ‪ 112‬ﺑ‪j‬ﺖ ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ ﻣﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ‪j‬ﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺤﺼ‪j‬ﻮل ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮّﻓﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ‪ .2112‬وﻟﻜﻦ‪ ،‬وﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﻓﻴﻬ‪j‬ﺎ ﺗﻌﻴ‪j‬ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ IPv6‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻹرﺳﺎل إﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ Ethernet MAC‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬
‫اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل‪ ،‬ﻓﻘ‪jj‬ﺪ ﻧﺼ‪jj‬ﺢ اﻟﻤﺮﺟ‪jj‬ﻊ ‪ RFC 2373‬ﺑﺘﻌﻴ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ ﻣﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ‪jj‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ‪ 32‬ﺑ‪jj‬ﺖ ذات اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴ‪jj‬ﺐ اﻟﻤ‪jj‬ﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ‪ IPv6‬ﻣﺘﻌ‪jj‬ﺪد اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل‬
‫وﺗﻌﻴ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﺘ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻣﻌ ‪j‬ﺮّف اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻷﺻ‪jj‬ﻠﻲ إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ اﻟﺼ‪jj‬ﻔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪ 32‬ﺑﺖ ذات اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜ‪j‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻜ‪jjj‬ﻞ ﻣﻌ‪jj‬ﺮّف ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ‪jjj‬ﺔ أن ﻳﻌ‪jj‬ﻴّﻦ ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان ‪ Ethernet MAC‬ﻣﺘﻌ‪jjj‬ﺪد‬
‫اﻹرﺳﺎل وﻓﺮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻌﻘﺪة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬

‫ﻳﺴﻬّﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻌﻘﺪة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻻﺳ‪j‬ﺘﻌﻼم اﻟﻔﻌّ‪j‬ﺎل ﻋ‪j‬ﻦ ﻋﻘ‪j‬ﺪ اﻟﺸ‪j‬ﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫أﺛﻨ‪jj‬ﺎء ﺗﺤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﻞ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان‪ .‬ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ ‪ ،IPv4‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ إرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل إﻃ‪jj‬ﺎر ﻃﻠ‪jj‬ﺐ ‪ ARP‬إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺑﺚ ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ ،MAC‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ آﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ .IPv4‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ IPv6‬رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ‪Neighbor‬‬
‫‪ Solicitation‬ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﻮﺿ‪ًj‬ﺎ ﻋ‪j‬ﻦ اﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻄ‪j‬ﺎق‬
‫اﻻرﺗﺒ‪jjjj‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪jjjj‬ﻲ ﻟﻌﻨ‪jjjj‬ﻮان آﺎﻓ‪jjjj‬ﺔ اﻟﻌﻘ‪jjjj‬ﺪ ﻋﻠ‪jjjj‬ﻰ أﻧﻬ‪jjjj‬ﺎ وﺟﻬ‪jjjj‬ﺔ اﻟﺮﺳ‪jjjj‬ﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ ،Neighbor Solicitation‬واﻟﺘ‪jjj‬ﻲ ﻗ‪jjj‬ﺪ ﺗﻘ‪jjj‬ﺎﻃﻊ آﺎﻓ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻋﻘ‪jjj‬ﺪ ‪IPv6‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻرﺗﺒ‪j‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪j‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ﻣﺘﻌ‪j‬ﺪد اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺪة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑ‪j‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘ‪j‬ﺄﻟﻒ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان اﻟﻤﺘﻌ‪j‬ﺪد اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل ﻟﻠﻌﻘ‪j‬ﺪة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑ‪j‬ﺔ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎدﺋ‪jjj‬ﺔ ‪ FF02::1:FF00:0/104‬وﺁﺧ‪jjj‬ﺮ ‪ 24‬ﺑ‪jjj‬ﺖ ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان ‪IPv6‬‬
‫اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ ﺳ‪jjj‬ﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜ‪jj‬ﺎل‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴ‪jjj‬ﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻘ‪jjj‬ﺪة ﺑﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ‪ IPv6‬ﻟﻼرﺗﺒ‪jjj‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪jjj‬ﻲ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﻟ‪jj‬ﻒ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ‪ ،FE80::2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A‬ﻓ‪jj‬ﺈن ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻟﻌﻘ‪jj‬ﺪة‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﻄ‪jjj‬ﺎﺑﻖ ه‪jjj‬ﻮ ‪ .FF02::1:FF28:9C5A‬ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴ‪jjj‬ﻞ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان‬
‫‪ FE80::2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A‬إﻟ‪jjjjj‬ﻰ ﻋﻨ‪jjjjj‬ﻮان ﻃﺒﻘ‪jjjjj‬ﺔ اﻻرﺗﺒ‪jjjjj‬ﺎط‬
‫اﻟﺨ‪jj‬ﺎص ﺑ‪jj‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗُﺮﺳ‪jj‬ﻞ اﻟﻌﻘ‪jj‬ﺪة رﺳ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﺔ ‪ Neighbor Solicitation‬إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ‬

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‫ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻟﻌﻘ‪jjj‬ﺪة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﻟ‪jjj‬ﻒ ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ ‪ .FF02::1:FF28:9C5A‬إن‬
‫اﻟﻌﻘ‪jjjjjjjjjjjjj‬ﺪة اﻟﺘ‪jjjjjjjjjjjjj‬ﻲ ﺗﺴ‪jjjjjjjjjjjjj‬ﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjjjjjjjjjjjj‬ﻮان اﻟﻤﺆﻟ‪jjjjjjjjjjjjj‬ﻒ ﻣ‪jjjjjjjjjjjjj‬ﻦ‬
‫‪ FE80::2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A‬ﺗﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﻠﻤ‪jj‬ﺮور اﻟﻤﺘﻌ‪jj‬ﺪد اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل‬
‫ﻟ‪jjj‬ﺪى ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان اﻟﻌﻘ‪jjj‬ﺪة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑ‪jjj‬ﺔ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴ‪jjj‬ﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻟﻤﺤ‪jjj‬ﻮل‬
‫اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺳﺠﻠﺖ اﻟﻌﻘﺪة اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻓ‪j‬ﻖ ﻣ‪j‬ﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮل اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‪.‬‬

‫إن ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻹرﺳﺎل ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺪة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ هﻲ أن ﺗﺤﻠﻴ‪j‬ﻞ‬

‫اﻟﻌﻨﻮان‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺪث ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط‪ ،‬ﻏﻴ‪j‬ﺮ ﻣﻄﻠ‪j‬ﻮب ﻻﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﻘﺎﻃﻊ آﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت‪ .‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻋﺪد ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺟﺪًا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان‪ .‬ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ﺧ‪j‬ﻼل اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑ‪j‬ﺔ‪ ،‬وﺑﺴ‪j‬ﺒﺐ اﻟﻌﻼﻗ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫ﺑ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ‪ ،Ethernet MAC‬وﻣﻌ ‪j‬ﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ ‪ ،IPv6‬وﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان‬
‫اﻟﻌﻘ‪j‬ﺪة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑ‪j‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻤ‪j‬ﻞ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان اﻟﻌﻘ‪j‬ﺪة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑ‪j‬ﺔ آﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان زاﺋ‪j‬ﻒ أﺣ‪jj‬ﺎدي‬
‫اﻹرﺳﺎل ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻌﺎّل ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻮان‪.‬‬

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 ‫اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ IPv6‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل‬
‫ﺗُﻌ ‪j‬ﺮّف اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل ﻋ‪jj‬ﺪة واﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺎت‪ .‬ﺑﻮاﺳ‪jj‬ﻄﺔ ﻃﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﺰم اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻹرﺳﺎل إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ‬
‫واﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ واﺣ‪jj‬ﺪة )أﻗ‪jj‬ﺮب واﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻣﻌﺮّﻓ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻗﺒ‪jj‬ﻞ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان(‪ .‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳ‪jj‬ﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻷﻗ‪jj‬ﺮب ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ أﻧﻬ‪jj‬ﺎ اﻷﻗ‪jj‬ﺮب ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ﺣﻴ‪jj‬ﺚ ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻹرﺳﺎل ﻹﺟﺮاء اﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻌﺪة أﻣﺎآﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪j‬ﻊ اﻟﺘﺴ‪j‬ﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺪة واﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺎت‪ .‬وﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ﻣﺨﺘﻠ‪j‬ﻒ اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل ﻹﺟ‪j‬ﺮاء اﺗﺼ‪j‬ﺎل‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎن إﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺿﻤﻦ ﻋﺪة أﻣﺎآﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ واﺣﺪة‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ ﻋﻀ‪j‬ﻮ ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ‪j‬ﺔ اﻷﻗ‪j‬ﺮب ﻟﻺرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠ‪j‬ﻒ‪،‬‬

‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﺘ‪j‬ﻲ ﺗ‪j‬ﻢ ﺗﻌﻴ‪j‬ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل ﻟﻬﺎ واﻟﻮﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ﺣﻴ‪j‬ﺚ ﻣﺴ‪j‬ﺎﻓﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎً‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠ‪j‬ﻒ آﻌﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ وﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻘ‪jj‬ﻂ وه‪jj‬ﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻨ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻷﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ ﻓﻘ‪jj‬ﻂ‪ .‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ‪jj‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻹرﺳﺎل ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻨﻮان أﺣﺎدي اﻹرﺳﺎل‪ .‬إن ﻧﻄﺎق ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻒ هﻮ ﻧﻄﺎق ﻧﻮع ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان أﺣ‪j‬ﺎدي اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل واﻟ‪j‬ﺬي ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ ﻣﻨ‪j‬ﻪ ﺗﻌﻴ‪j‬ﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻹرﺳﺎل‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻹرﺳﺎل ﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬

‫إن اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻹرﺳﺎل ﻟﺠﻬ‪j‬ﺎز ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ اﻟﺸ‪j‬ﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‪j‬ﺔ ه‪j‬ﻮ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮّف ﻣﺴﺒﻘًﺎ وﻣﻄﻠﻮب‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤﻩ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﺸ‪j‬ﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‪j‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻄﺎة‪ .‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل ﻟﺠﻬ‪j‬ﺎز ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ اﻟﺸ‪j‬ﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‪j‬ﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﻴ‪jj‬ﺖ ﻗ‪jj‬ﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﺘ‪jj‬ﺎت ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﺸ‪jj‬ﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳ‪jj‬ﺒﺔ وﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺮ‪ .‬وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻟﺠﻬ‪j‬ﺎز‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ واﺟﻬﺎت أﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﺼ‪j‬ﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸ‪j‬ﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ﻣﺨﺘﻠ‪jj‬ﻒ اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل ﻟﺠﻬ‪jj‬ﺎز ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ اﻟﺸ‪jj‬ﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﺄﺣﺪ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة واﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪة‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻀﻴﻔﻴﻦ وأﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬

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‫ﻟﺪى ﻣﻀﻴﻒ ‪ IPv4‬ﺑﻤﺤﻮل ﻓﺮدي ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻴًﺎ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ‪ IPv4‬واﺣ‪j‬ﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴّﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﺪى ﻣﻀﻴﻒ ‪ IPv6‬ﻋﺎد ًة ﻋﺪة ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ‪،IPv6‬‬
‫ﺣﺘﻰ وﻟﻮ آﺎن ﺑﻮاﺟﻬﺔ واﺣﺪة‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻀﻴﻒ ‪:IPv6‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮان اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ واﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ أﺣﺎدﻳ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل ﻟﻜ‪jj‬ﻞ واﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ )واﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ أن ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮن‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ وﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ واﺣﺪ أو ﻣﺘﻌﺪد(‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎع )‪ (::1‬ﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎع‬ ‫•‬

‫إن ﻣﻀ‪jjj‬ﻴﻔﻲ ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﻨﻤ‪jjj‬ﻮذﺟﻴﻴﻦ ه‪jjj‬ﻢ ﺑﺸ‪jjj‬ﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘ‪jjj‬ﻲ ﻣﺘﻌ‪jjj‬ﺪدي ﻃ‪jjj‬ﺮق‬

‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﻷن ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﻋﻨﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﻬﻤﺎ اﺳﺘﻼم اﻟﺤﺰم‪ .‬ﻟ‪j‬ﺪى‬
‫آ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻣﻀ‪jj‬ﻴﻒ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻻرﺗﺒ‪jj‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻟﺤﺮآ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jj‬ﺮور اﻻرﺗﺒ‪jj‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪jj‬ﻲ‬
‫وﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ أو ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﺴﺘﻤﻊ آﻞ ﻣﻀﻴﻒ إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ ﺣﺮآ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﻤ‪j‬ﺮور ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮان آﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ )‪(FF01::1‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮان آﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ )‪(FF02::1‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻌﻘ‪j‬ﺪة اﻟﻤﺘﺼ‪j‬ﻠﺔ ﻟﻜ‪j‬ﻞ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان أﺣ‪j‬ﺎدي اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ آ‪j‬ﻞ‬ ‫•‬
‫واﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻹرﺳﺎل ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻀﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ آﻞ واﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ‪:IPv6‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮان اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ واﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ أﺣﺎدﻳ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل ﻟﻜ‪jj‬ﻞ واﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ )واﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ أن ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮن‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ وواﺣﺪ أو أآﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻹرﺳﺎل(‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎع )‪ (::1‬ﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎع‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ‪:IPv6‬‬

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‫ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل ﻟﺠﻬ‪jj‬ﺎز ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ اﻟﺸ‪jj‬ﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻟﻜ‪jj‬ﻞ‬ ‫•‬
‫واﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ )اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻳﺔ(‬ ‫•‬

‫إﺿ‪jj‬ﺎﻓﺔ إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ ذﻟ‪jj‬ﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﻤﻊ آ‪jj‬ﻞ ﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺎز ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ ﺣﺮآ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤ‪jj‬ﺮور ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮان آﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻌﻘﺪة اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ )‪(FF01::1‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮان آﺎﻓﺔ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻌﻘﺪة اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ )‪(FF01::2‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان آﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ )‪(FF02::1‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻨ‪jjjj‬ﻮان آﺎﻓ‪jjjj‬ﺔ أﺟﻬ‪jjjj‬ﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jjjj‬ﻪ ﻟﻨﻄ‪jjjj‬ﺎق اﻻرﺗﺒ‪jjjj‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪jjjj‬ﻲ‬ ‫•‬
‫)‪(FF02::2‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان آﺎﻓﺔ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ )‪(FF05::2‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻌﻘﺪة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑ‪j‬ﺔ ﻟﻜ‪j‬ﻞ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان أﺣ‪j‬ﺎدي اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ آ‪j‬ﻞ‬ ‫•‬
‫واﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻀﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ آﻞ واﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮّﻓﺎت واﺟﻬﺔ ‪IPv6‬‬

‫إن ﺁﺧﺮ ‪ 64‬ﺑﺖ ﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ‪ IPv6‬ه‪j‬ﻲ ﻣﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻳ‪j‬ﺪ ﻟﺒﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺔ ذات‬
‫‪ 64‬ﺑﺖ ﻟﻌﻨﻮان ‪ .IPv6‬إن اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎﺳﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻌﺮّف‬
‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ هﻲ آﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳ‪jj‬ﻨﺺ اﻟﻤﺮﺟ‪jj‬ﻊ ‪ RFC 2373‬ﺑﺄﻧ‪jj‬ﻪ ﻳﺠ‪jj‬ﺐ ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ آﺎﻓ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ‬ ‫•‬

‫أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﺘ‪j‬ﻲ ﺗﺴ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺒﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺎت ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ‪ 001‬إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ ‪ 111‬أن‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم أﻳﻀًﺎ ﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ ذو ‪ 64‬ﺑ‪j‬ﺖ اﻟﻤﺸ‪j‬ﺘﻖ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان‬
‫'اﻟﻤﻌﺮّف اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻊ' ‪.(EUI)-64‬‬
‫ﻳﺼﻒ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ ‪ RFC 3041‬ﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟ‪j‬ﺬي ﺗ‪j‬ﻢ إﻧﺸ‪j‬ﺎؤﻩ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺑﺸ‪jj‬ﻜﻞ ﻋﺸ‪jj‬ﻮاﺋﻲ واﻟ‪jj‬ﺬي ﻳﺘﻐﻴ‪jj‬ﺮ ﻋﺒ‪jj‬ﺮ اﻟﻮﻗ‪jj‬ﺖ ﻟﻴ‪jj‬ﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﻮى ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻴّﻦ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﺼﺤﻮب‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ﺧ‪j‬ﻼل ‪ .(DHCPv6‬ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‪ًj‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳ‪jj‬ﻒ ﻣﻘ‪jj‬ﺎﻳﻴﺲ ‪ .DHCPv6‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﻤ‪jj‬ﺪ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jj‬ﻮل ‪ IPv6‬ﻟ‪jj‬ـ‬

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‫‪ Windows XP‬ﺗﻜ‪jjjjj‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjjjj‬ﻮان اﻟﻤﺼ‪jjjjj‬ﺤﻮب ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟ‪jjjjj‬ﺔ أو‬
‫‪.DHCPv6‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮّﻓﺎت اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ إﻟﻰ ‪EUI-64‬‬

‫ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳ‪jj‬ﻒ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ‪ EUI-64‬ذو ‪ 64‬ﺑ‪jj‬ﺖ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻗﺒ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻣﻌﻬ ‪j‬ﺪ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑ‪jj‬ﺎﺋﻴﻴﻦ واﻹﻟﻜﺘ‪jj‬ﺮوﻧﻴﻴﻦ )‪ .(IEEE‬إن ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ EUI-64‬ه‪jj‬ﻲ إﻣ‪jj‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴّﻨﺔ ﻟﻤﺤﻮل اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ أو ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪.IEEE 802‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪IEEE 802‬‬

‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻌﺮّﻓﺎت اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﺤﻮﻻت اﻟﺸ‪j‬ﺒﻜﺔ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ذو ‪ 48‬ﺑ‪j‬ﺖ‬

‫ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ‪ .IEEE 802‬ﻳﺘ‪j‬ﺄﻟﻒ ه‪j‬ﺬا اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ﻣﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف ﺷ‪j‬ﺮآﺔ ذو‬
‫‪ 24‬ﺑﺖ )وﻳﺪﻋﻰ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺑﻤﻌﺮّف اﻟﺸﺮآﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ(‪ ،‬وﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ ذو‬
‫‪ 24‬ﺑ‪jjj‬ﺖ )ﻳ‪jjj‬ﺪﻋﻰ أﻳﻀ‪ًj j‬ﺎ ﺑﻤﻌ‪jj‬ﺮّف اﻟﻠ‪jjj‬ﻮح(‪ .‬ﻳﻨ‪jjj‬ﺘﺞ ﻋ‪jjj‬ﻦ اﻧﻀ‪jjj‬ﻤﺎم ﻣﻌ‪j j‬ﺮّف‬
‫اﻟﺸ‪jj‬ﺮآﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﻌ ‪j‬ﻴّﻦ ﺑﺸ‪jj‬ﻜﻞ ﻓﺮﻳ‪jj‬ﺪ ﻟﻜ‪jj‬ﻞ ﺷ‪jj‬ﺮآﺔ ﻣﺼ‪jj‬ﻨﻌﺔ ﻟﻤﺤ‪jj‬ﻮﻻت اﻟﺸ‪jj‬ﺒﻜﺔ‪،‬‬
‫وﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﻠﻮح‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﻌﻴّﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺤﻮل ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴ‪j‬ﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان ﻋﻤ‪jjj‬ﻮﻣﻲ ﻓﺮﻳ‪jjj‬ﺪ ذو ‪ 48‬ﺑ‪jjj‬ﺖ‪ .‬ﻳ‪jjj‬ﺪﻋﻰ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان ذو ‪ 48‬ﺑ‪jjj‬ﺖ ه‪jjj‬ﺬا‬
‫ﺑ‪jjj‬ﺎﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﻔﻌﻠ‪jjj‬ﻲ ﻟﻠ‪jjj‬ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻ‪jjj‬ﻮل إﻟ‪jjj‬ﻰ اﻟﻮﺳ‪jjj‬ﺎﺋﻂ )‪ (MAC‬أو إﻟ‪jjj‬ﻰ‬
‫اﻷﺟﻬﺰة‪.‬‬

‫إن اﻟﺒﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺮّﻓﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ‪ IEEE 802‬هﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻲ‪/‬ﻣﺤﻠﻲ )‪(U/L‬‬ ‫•‬

‫إن اﻟﺒ‪jj‬ﺖ اﻟﻌ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﻤﻲ‪/‬اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪jj‬ﻲ ‪ U/L‬ه‪jj‬ﻮ اﻟﺒ‪jj‬ﺖ اﻟﺴ‪jj‬ﺎﺑﻊ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﻳ‪jj‬ﺖ‬

‫اﻷول وﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ إذا ﺗﻤﺖ إدارة اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ﺑﺸ‪j‬ﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻲ أو ﻣﺤﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﺖ اﻟﻌ‪j‬ﺎﻟﻤﻲ‪/‬اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪j‬ﻲ إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ اﻟﺼ‪j‬ﻔﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻘ‪jj‬ﻮم ‪ ،IEEE‬ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ﺧ‪jj‬ﻼل ﺗﻌﻴ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ ﻣﻌ ‪j‬ﺮّف ﺷ‪jj‬ﺮآﺔ ﻓﺮﻳ‪jj‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑ‪jj‬ﺈدارة‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﻮان‪ .‬وإذا ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﺒ‪j‬ﺖ اﻟﻌ‪j‬ﺎﻟﻲ‪/‬اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪j‬ﻲ إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ ‪ ،1‬ﻓﺘ‪j‬ﺘﻢ إدارة‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjjj‬ﻮان ﻣﺤﻠﻴ‪ًjjj‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﺠ‪jjjj‬ﺎوز ﻣﺴ‪jjjj‬ﺆول اﻟﺸ‪jjjj‬ﺒﻜﺔ ﻋﻨ‪jjjj‬ﻮان اﻟﺸ‪jjjj‬ﺮآﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ وﻳﺤﺪد ﻋﻨﻮاﻧًﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺮد‪/‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ )‪(I/G‬‬ ‫•‬

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‫إن ﺑﺖ اﻟﻔﺮد‪/‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ه‪j‬ﻮ اﻟﺒ‪j‬ﺖ ذو اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴ‪j‬ﺐ اﻟﻤ‪j‬ﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻷول‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳ‪j‬ﺖ وﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳ‪j‬ﺪ ﻓﻴﻤ‪jj‬ﺎ إذا آ‪j‬ﺎن اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ه‪j‬ﻮ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان‬
‫ﻓﺮدي )أﺣﺎدي اﻹرﺳﺎل( أو ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ )ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻹرﺳﺎل(‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻨﻮان هﻮ ﻋﻨﻮان أﺣ‪j‬ﺎدي اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل‪.‬‬
‫وﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ إﻟﻰ ‪ ،1‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻨﻮان هﻮ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻹرﺳﺎل‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺤﻮل ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ‪ x.802‬ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺘ‪jj‬ﺎت ‪ U/L‬و ‪ I/G‬إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ اﻟﺼ‪jj‬ﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘ ‪ً j‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻊ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ‪ MAC‬أﺣ‪jj‬ﺎدي‬
‫اﻹرﺳﺎل‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﺗﻤﺖ إدارﺗﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪IEEE EUI-64‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﺜ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ‪ IEEE EUI-64‬ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺳ ‪ًj‬ﺎ ﺟﺪﻳ‪jj‬ﺪًا ﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧ‪jj‬ﺔ واﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﺸ‪jj‬ﺒﻜﺔ‪.‬‬

‫وﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﺸﺮآﺔ ﺑﻄﻮل ‪ 24‬ﺑﺖ‪ ،‬وﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف اﻟﻤﻠﺤ‪j‬ﻖ ‪ 40‬ﺑ‪j‬ﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻤ‪jj‬ﺎ ﻳ‪jj‬ﺆدي إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ إﻧﺸ‪jj‬ﺎء ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان أآﺒ‪jj‬ﺮ ﻟﻠﺸ‪jj‬ﺮآﺔ اﻟﻤﺼ‪jj‬ﻨﻌﺔ ﻟﻤﺤ‪jj‬ﻮل‬
‫اﻟﺸ‪jjjj‬ﺒﻜﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺴ‪jjjj‬ﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻨ‪jjjj‬ﻮان ‪ EUI-64‬اﻟﺒ‪jjjj‬ﺖ ‪ U/L‬واﻟﺒ‪jjjj‬ﺖ ‪ I/G‬ﺑ‪jjjj‬ﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪.IEEE 802‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ IEEE 802‬إﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪EUI-64‬‬

‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ EUI-64‬ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ‪ ،IEEE 802‬ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ إدراج ‪ 16‬ﺑ‪j‬ﺖ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ‪ (xFFFE0) 11111111 11111110‬إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ‪IEEE 802‬‬
‫ﺑ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ ﻣﻌ ‪j‬ﺮّف اﻟﺸ‪jj‬ﺮآﺔ وﻣﻌ ‪j‬ﺮّف اﻟﻤﻠﺤ‪jj‬ﻖ‪ .‬ﻳﺒ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺿ‪jj‬ﻴﺢ اﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺤﻮﻳ‪jj‬ﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ‪ IEEE 802‬إﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪.EUI-64‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ EUI-64‬إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺮّﻓﺎت واﺟﻬﺔ ‪IPv6‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼ‪jjj‬ﻮل ﻋﻠ‪jjj‬ﻰ ﻣﻌ‪j j‬ﺮّف واﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺔ ذو ‪ 64‬ﺑ‪jjj‬ﺖ ﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ IPv6‬أﺣﺎدﻳ‪jjj‬ﺔ‬

‫اﻹرﺳﺎل‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ إآﻤ‪j‬ﺎل ﺑ‪j‬ﺖ ‪ U/L‬ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ‪) EUI-64‬إذا آ‪j‬ﺎن ‪ ،1‬ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻨﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺮ؛ وإذا آﺎن ﺻﻔﺮاً‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻨ‪j‬ﻪ إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ ‪ .(1‬ﻳُﺒ‪j‬ﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺿ‪j‬ﻴﺢ‬

‫‪402‬‬
‫اﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺤﻮﻳ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ‪ EUI-64‬أﺣ‪jj‬ﺎدي اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل واﻟ‪jj‬ﺬي ﺗ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ إدارﺗ‪jj‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ ﻣﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف واﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ ‪ IPv6‬ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ‪ ،IEEE 802‬ﻋﻠﻴ‪j‬ﻚ‬

‫ﻻ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ‪ 802 IEEE‬إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ‪ ،EUI-64‬ﺛ‪j‬ﻢ إآﻤ‪j‬ﺎل ﺑ‪j‬ﺖ‬‫أو ً‬
‫‪ .U/L‬ﻳﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IEEE 802‬أﺣﺎدي اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل اﻟ‪j‬ﺬي‬
‫ﺗﺘﻢ إدارﺗﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪IEEE 802‬‬

‫ﻟ‪jj‬ﺪى اﻟﻤﻀ‪jj‬ﻴﻒ ‪ A‬ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ‪ Ethernet MAC‬اﻟﻤﺆﻟ‪jj‬ﻒ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ‪00-AA-‬‬

‫‪ .00-3F-2A-1C‬أوﻻً‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻪ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ ‪ EUI-64‬ﺑﺈدراج ‪FF-‬‬
‫‪ FE‬ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﻳﺖ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ واﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻨ‪j‬ﺘﺞ ﻋ‪j‬ﻦ ‪00-AA-00-FF-FE-‬‬
‫‪ .3F-2A-1C‬ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ إآﻤ‪j‬ﺎل اﻟﺒ‪j‬ﺖ ‪ ،U/L‬وه‪j‬ﻮ اﻟﺒ‪j‬ﺖ اﻟﺴ‪j‬ﺎﺑﻊ ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎﻳ‪jj‬ﺖ اﻷول‪ .‬إن اﻟﺒﺎﻳ‪jj‬ﺖ اﻷول ﺑﺎﻟﺸ‪jj‬ﻜﻞ اﻟﺜﻨ‪jj‬ﺎﺋﻲ ه‪jj‬ﻮ ‪ .00000000‬ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺪ‬
‫إآﻤ‪j‬ﺎل اﻟﺒ‪j‬ﺖ اﻟﺴ‪j‬ﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻳﺼ‪j‬ﺒﺢ ‪ .(×020) 00000010‬واﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠ‪j‬ﺔ اﻷﺧﻴ‪jj‬ﺮة‬
‫ه‪jj‬ﻲ ‪ 02-AA-00-FF-FE-3F-2A-1C‬واﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﻲ ﺗﺼ‪jj‬ﺒﺢ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬ‪jj‬ﺎ‬
‫إﻟ‪jjjjj‬ﻰ ﺗ‪jjjjj‬ﺪوﻳﻦ ﺳﺪاﺳ‪jjjjj‬ﻲ ﻋﺸ‪jjjjj‬ﺮ ﻳﻌﺘﻤ‪jjjjj‬ﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘ‪jjjjj‬ﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌ‪j jjj‬ﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jjjjj‬ﺔ‬
‫‪ .2AA:FF:FE3F:2A1C‬واﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان اﻻرﺗﺒ‪j‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪j‬ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻮل اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ‪ MAC‬اﻟﻤﺆﻟ‪j‬ﻒ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ‪-AA-00-00‬‬
‫‪ 3F-2A-1C‬هﻮ ‪.FE80::2AA:FF:FE3F:2A1C‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪ إآﻤﺎل اﻟﺒ‪j‬ﺖ ‪ ،U/L‬ﻗ‪j‬ﻢ ﺑﺈﺿ‪j‬ﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 0×2‬إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﻳ‪j‬ﺖ اﻷول إذا‬ ‫•‬
‫آ‪jj‬ﺎن اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ‪ EUI-64‬ﻗ‪jj‬ﺪ ﺗﻤ‪jj‬ﺖ إدارﺗ‪jj‬ﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴ ‪j‬ﺎً‪ ،‬وﻗ‪jj‬ﻢ ﺑﻄ‪jj‬ﺮح‬
‫‪ 0×2‬ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﻳ‪jjj‬ﺖ اﻷول إذا آ‪jjj‬ﺎن اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان ‪ EUI-64‬ﻗ‪jjj‬ﺪ ﺗﻤ‪jjj‬ﺖ‬
‫إدارﺗﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻴًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮّﻓﺎت واﺟﻬﺔ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬

‫‪403‬‬
‫ﻓ‪jjj‬ﻲ إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jjj‬ﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﻨﺪة إﻟ‪jjj‬ﻰ ‪ ،IPv4‬ﻳﺘﺼ‪jjj‬ﻞ ﻣﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪم إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jjj‬ﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤ‪jj‬ﻮذﺟﻲ ﺑﻤ‪jj‬ﻮﻓﺮ ﺧﺪﻣ‪jj‬ﺔ إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jj‬ﺖ )‪ (ISP‬وﻳﺤﺼ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ‪IPv4‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjj‬ﻮل ﻧﻘﻄ‪jjj‬ﺔ إﻟ‪jjj‬ﻰ ﻧﻘﻄ‪jjj‬ﺔ )‪ (PPP‬وﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjj‬ﻮل اﻟ‪jjj‬ﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺒﺮوﺗﻮآﻮل إﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ )‪ .(IPCP‬وﻓﻲ آﻞ ﻣﺮة ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺴ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪم‪ ،‬ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv4‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ .‬وﺑﺴﺒﺐ ه‪j‬ﺬا ﻳﺼ‪j‬ﺒﺢ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ اﻟﺼ‪j‬ﻌﺐ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺣﺮآﺔ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ إﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس ﻋﻨﻮان ‪.IP‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ اﺗﺼ‪j‬ﺎﻻت ﺑﻮاﺳ‪j‬ﻄﺔ اﻟﻄﻠ‪j‬ﺐ اﻟﻬ‪j‬ﺎﺗﻔﻲ ﻣﺴ‪j‬ﺘﻨﺪة إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ ‪،IPv6‬‬

‫ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺔ ذات ‪ 64‬ﺑ‪jj‬ﺖ ﻟﻠﻤﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻌ‪jj‬ﺪ إﺟ‪jj‬ﺮاء اﻻﺗﺼ‪jj‬ﺎل ﺧ‪jj‬ﻼل‬
‫اآﺘﺸﺎف ﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ اﻟﺘﻜ‪j‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻘ‪j‬ﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ﺑ‪j‬ﺪون اﻟﺤﺎﻟ‪j‬ﺔ‪ .‬إذا آ‪j‬ﺎن‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪًا داﺋﻤًﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪) EUI-64‬آﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ اﺷ‪j‬ﺘﻘﺎﻗﻪ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IEEE 802‬اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻌ‪j‬ﺮف ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ ﺣﺮآ‪j‬ﺔ ﻣ‪j‬ﺮور‬
‫ﻋﻘ‪j‬ﺪة ﻣﻌﻴﻨ‪j‬ﺔ ﺑﻐ‪j‬ﺾ اﻟﻨﻈ‪j‬ﺮ ﻋ‪j‬ﻦ اﻟﺒﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤ‪j‬ﺎ ﻳﺴ‪j‬ﻬّﻞ ﺗﺘﺒ‪j‬ﻊ ﻣﺴ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻌ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ‬
‫واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﺤﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ وﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫وﺻ‪j‬ﻒ ﻣﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف واﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﺒ‪j‬ﺪﻳﻞ اﻟ‪j‬ﺬي ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ إﻧﺸ‪j‬ﺎؤﻩ ﺑﺸ‪j‬ﻜﻞ ﻋﺸ‪jj‬ﻮاﺋﻲ‬
‫وﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ ‪.RFC 3041‬‬

‫ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ إﻧﺸ‪jj‬ﺎء ﻣﻌ ‪j‬ﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻷوﻟ‪jj‬ﻲ ﺑﺎﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام أرﻗ‪jj‬ﺎم ﻋﺸ‪jj‬ﻮاﺋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴ‪jj‬ﺒﺔ‬

‫ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ أﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺗﺨﺺ اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎت‬
‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﺮّﻓﺎت ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﻌﺮّف واﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺸﻮاﺋﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ آﻞ ﻣ‪j‬ﺮة ﺗ‪j‬ﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬ‪j‬ﺎ ﺗﻬﻴﺌ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآ‪j‬ﻮل ‪ .IPv6‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴ‪j‬ﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻗﺪرات اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇ‪j‬ﺎت‪،‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﻌﺮّف واﺟﻬﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآﻮل ‪ IPv6‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫اﺳﺘﺮداد ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ وإﻟﺤﺎق ﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ إﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ EUI-64‬اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺤﻮل‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺴ‪jjj‬ﺎب ﺗﺠﺰﺋ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﺘﺸ‪jjj‬ﻔﻴﺮ أﺣﺎدﻳ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻻﺗﺠ‪jjj‬ﺎﻩ ﻟﻤﻠﺨ‪jjj‬ﺺ اﻟﺮﺳ‪jjj‬ﺎﻟﺔ ‪5‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫)‪ (MD5‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة ‪.1‬‬
‫ﺣﻔ‪jj‬ﻆ ﺁﺧ‪jj‬ﺮ ‪ 64‬ﺑ‪jj‬ﺖ ﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋ‪jj‬ﺔ ‪ MD5‬واﻟﻤﺤﺴ‪jj‬ﻮﺑﺔ ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ اﻟﺨﻄ‪jj‬ﻮة ‪2‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎت ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫أﺧ‪jjj‬ﺬ أول ‪ 64‬ﺑ‪jjj‬ﺖ ﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋ‪jjj‬ﺔ ‪ MD5‬اﻟﻤﺤﺴ‪jjj‬ﻮﺑﺔ ﻓ‪jjj‬ﻲ اﻟﺨﻄ‪jjj‬ﻮة ‪2‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫وﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﺖ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻮاﻓ‪j‬ﻖ اﻟﺒ‪j‬ﺖ اﻟﺴ‪j‬ﺎﺑﻊ ﻣ‪j‬ﻊ اﻟﺒ‪j‬ﺖ‬

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‫‪ U/L‬واﻟﺬي ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻨﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﻢ إدارﺗﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻴًﺎ‪ .‬واﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ هﻲ ﻣﻌﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻌﺮف ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ ﻣﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﻌﺸ‪j‬ﻮاﺋﻲ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﺠﻬ‪jj‬ﻮل‪ .‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ إﻧﺸ‪jj‬ﺎء اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﻮﻟ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻟﺒﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ واﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﻲ ﺗﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺘﻜ‪jj‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻘ‪jj‬ﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ﺑ‪jj‬ﺪون اﻟﺤﺎﻟ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ‬
‫اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﻮﻟ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻷدﻧ‪jj‬ﻰ اﻟﻘ‪jj‬ﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ اﻟﻔﺘ‪jj‬ﺮات اﻟﻤﻔﻀ‪jj‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫واﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺘﺮات اﻟﻤﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻴﺎر ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﺎدﺋﺔ ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ رﺳ‪j‬ﺎﻟﺔ إﻋ‪j‬ﻼن‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻘ‪jj‬ﻴﻢ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‪jj‬ﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻷﺳ‪jj‬ﺒﻮع واﺣ‪jj‬ﺪ ﻟﻤ‪jj‬ﺪة ﺻ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﺤﺔ وﻟﻴ‪jj‬ﻮم‬ ‫•‬
‫واﺣﺪ ﻟﻤﺪة ﻣﻔﻀﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺪة اﻟﺼ‪j‬ﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ﻣﺠﻬ‪j‬ﻮل‪ ،‬ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ إﻧﺸ‪j‬ﺎء ﻣﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف‬
‫واﺟﻬﺔ وﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺠﻬﻮل ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻘ‪jj‬ﻮم اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jj‬ﻮل ‪ IPv6‬ﻟ‪jj‬ـ ‪ Windows XP‬إﻧﺸ‪jj‬ﺎء ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻟ‪jj‬ﺔ‬

‫ﻟﺒﺎدﺋ‪jjj‬ﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ﺑﺸ‪jjj‬ﻜﻞ اﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‪jjj‬ﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪jjj‬ﻚ ﺗﻌ‪jjj‬ﺪﻳﻞ اﻹﻋ‪jjj‬ﺪاد‬
‫‪ipv6‬‬ ‫‪gpu‬‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‪jjjjjjjj‬ﻲ ه‪jjjjjjjj‬ﺬا ﺑﺎﺳ‪jjjjjjjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣ‪jjjjjjjj‬ﺮ‬
‫‪.UseAnonymousAddresses‬‬

‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv6‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴًﺎ‬

‫إن ﺳﻤﺔ ‪ IPv6‬ذات اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة هﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜ‪j‬ﻮﻳﻦ ﻧﻔﺴ‪j‬ﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴ‪ًj‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآﻮل اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﻮب ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜ‪j‬ﻞ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪j‬ﻮل‬
‫ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻀ‪jj‬ﻴﻒ اﻟﺤﻴ‪jj‬ﻮي ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ أﺟ‪jj‬ﻞ ‪ .(DHCPv6) IPv6‬اﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‪jj‬ﻴﺎً‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻟﻤﻀ‪jj‬ﻴﻒ ‪ IPv6‬ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻻرﺗﺒ‪jj‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻟﻜ‪jj‬ﻞ واﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اآﺘﺸﺎف ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أﻳﻀ‪ًj‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻀ‪j‬ﻴﻒ ﺗﺤﺪﻳ‪j‬ﺪ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ‬
‫أﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻹﺿ‪jj‬ﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻌﻠﻤ‪jj‬ﺎت ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮﻳﻦ أﺧ‪jj‬ﺮى‪ .‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻀ‪jjj‬ﻤﻴﻦ إﺷ‪jjj‬ﺎرة إﻟ‪jjj‬ﻰ اﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjj‬ﻮل ﺗﻜ‪jjj‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﻮب ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ إﻋﻼن ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻘ‪j‬ﻂ إﻧﺠ‪j‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻜ‪j‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻘ‪j‬ﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ واﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺎت ذات اﻟﻘ‪j‬ﺪرة‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد‪ .‬ﺗﻢ وﺻﻒ اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺟ‪j‬ﻊ‬
‫‪.Stateless Address Auto configuration ،RFC 2462‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻮان‬

‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴًﺎ ﺑﻮاﺣﺪ أو أآﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﻤ‪jj‬ﺮ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻘ‪jj‬ﻖ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ آﻮﻧ‪jj‬ﻪ ﻓﺮﻳ‪jj‬ﺪًا‪ .‬ﻳﺤ‪jj‬ﺪث اﻟﺘﺤﻘ‪jj‬ﻖ‬

‫ﺧﻼل اآﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﻜﺮر‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﺬي ﺗ‪j‬ﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻘ‪j‬ﻖ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ آﻮﻧ‪j‬ﻪ ﻓﺮﻳ‪j‬ﺪًا‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜ‪j‬ﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﻘ‪j‬ﺪة إرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل‬
‫ﻣ‪j‬ﺮور أﺣ‪j‬ﺎدي اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻟﻤﻔﻀ‪j‬ﻞ وﺗﻠﻘﻴ‪j‬ﻪ ﻣﻨ‪j‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻀ‪jj‬ﻤﻴﻦ اﻟﻔﺘ‪jjj‬ﺮة اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻟ‪jjj‬ﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ﻓ‪jjj‬ﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ إﻋﻼن ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣُﻌﺎرض‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان اﻟ‪jjj‬ﺬي ﻣ‪jjj‬ﺎ زال ﺻ‪jjj‬ﺎﻟﺤﺎً‪ ،‬وﻟﻜ‪j j‬ﻦ ﺗ‪jjj‬ﻢ ﺗﺨﻴ‪jjj‬ﻒ اﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺗﺼ‪jj‬ﺎﻻت اﻟﺠﺪﻳ‪jj‬ﺪة‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ أن ﺗﺘ‪jj‬ﺎﺑﻊ ﺟﻠﺴ‪jj‬ﺎت ﻋﻤ‪jj‬ﻞ اﻻﺗﺼ‪jj‬ﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺑﺎﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان اﻟﻤُﻌ‪j‬ﺎرض‪ .‬وﻳﻤﻜ‪j‬ﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﻘ‪j‬ﺪة إرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل‬
‫ﻣﺮور أﺣﺎدي اﻹرﺳﺎل إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﻤُﻌﺎرض أو ﺗﻠﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻨ‪j‬ﻪ إرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل ﻣ‪j‬ﺮور أﺣ‪j‬ﺎدي اﻹرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل أو ﺗﻠﻘﻴ‪j‬ﻪ‪.‬‬

‫وﺗﻐﻄﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ آﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ واﻟﻤُﻌﺎرﺿﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻀ‪jj‬ﻤﻴﻦ آﻤﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻮﻗ‪jj‬ﺖ اﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻳﺒﻘ‪jj‬ﻰ ﻓﻴﻬ‪jj‬ﺎ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ اﻟﺤ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ واﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ إﻋﻼن ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻳﺠ‪j‬ﺐ أن‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺪة اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ أآﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪة اﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ أو ﺗﺴﺎوﻳﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻟ‪jj‬ﺬي ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﻘ‪jj‬ﺪة ﺑﻌ‪jj‬ﺪ اﻵن إرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل ﻣ‪jj‬ﺮور أﺣ‪jj‬ﺎدي‬

‫اﻹرﺳﺎل أو ﺗﻠﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﻨ‪j‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻳ‪j‬ﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﺼ‪j‬ﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﺑﻌ‪j‬ﺪ‬
‫اﻧﻘﻀﺎء اﻟﻤﺪة اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻌﻼﻗ‪j‬ﺔ ﺑ‪j‬ﻴﻦ ﺣ‪j‬ﺎﻻت اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ﻏﻴ‪j‬ﺮ اﻟﻤﻜ‪j‬ﻮن واﻟﻤ‪j‬ﺪة اﻟﺼ‪j‬ﺎﻟﺤﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬

‫ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳ‪jj‬ﺪ اﻟﺘﻜ‪jj‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻘ‪jj‬ﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ﻟﻠﻤﻀ‪jj‬ﻴﻔﻴﻦ ﻓﻘ‪jj‬ﻂ ﺑﺎﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻋﻨ‪jjjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻻرﺗﺒ‪jjjj‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪jjjj‬ﻲ‪ .‬وﻳﺠ‪jjjj‬ﺐ ﻋﻠ‪jjjj‬ﻰ أﺟﻬ‪jjjj‬ﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jjjj‬ﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺼ‪jj‬ﻮل ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻤ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﺘﻜ‪jj‬ﻮﻳﻦ واﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ﺧ‪jj‬ﻼل ﻃ‪jj‬ﺮق‬
‫أﺧﺮى )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻴﺪوي(‪.‬‬

‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬

‫هﻨﺎك ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻧﻮاع ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺑﺪون اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬

‫ﻳﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﻜ‪jjj‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ﻋﻠ‪jjj‬ﻰ اﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﻼم رﺳ‪jjj‬ﺎﺋﻞ إﻋ‪jjj‬ﻼن ﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎز‬

‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻀ‪jj‬ﻤﻦ ه‪jj‬ﺬﻩ اﻟﺮﺳ‪jj‬ﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺎت ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ﺑ‪jj‬ﺪون اﻟﺤﺎﻟ‪jj‬ﺔ‬
‫وﺗﺘﻄﻠ‪jj‬ﺐ ﻋ‪jj‬ﺪم اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻀ‪jj‬ﻴﻔﻴﻦ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jj‬ﻮل ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻣﺼﺤﻮب ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬

‫ﻳﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻜ‪jjj‬ﻮﻳﻦ إﻟ‪jjj‬ﻰ اﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjj‬ﻮل ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان ﻣﺼ‪jjj‬ﺤﻮب‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ ،DHCPv6‬ﻟﻠﺤﺼ‪j‬ﻮل ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ وﺧﻴ‪j‬ﺎرات‬
‫اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻷﺧﺮى‪ .‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀ‪j‬ﻴﻒ ﺗﻜ‪j‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ﻣﺼ‪j‬ﺤﻮب‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺪ اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﻼﻣﻪ رﺳ‪jj‬ﺎﺋﻞ إﻋ‪jj‬ﻼن ﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ اﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻻ‬

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‫ﺗﺘﻀ‪jjjjj‬ﻤﻦ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jjjjj‬ﺎت اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjjjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ وﻳﺘﻄﻠ‪jjjjj‬ﺐ اﺳ‪jjjjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻀ‪jjjjj‬ﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjj‬ﻮل ﺗﻜ‪jjj‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان ﻣﺼ‪jjj‬ﺤﻮب ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟ‪jjj‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀ‪jj‬ﻴﻒ أﻳﻀ‪ًj‬ﺎ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jj‬ﻮل ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ﻣﺼ‪jj‬ﺤﻮب ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟ‪jj‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد أﺟﻬﺰة ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .3‬آﻼهﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻳﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻜ‪jjj‬ﻮﻳﻦ إﻟ‪jjj‬ﻰ اﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﻼم رﺳ‪jjj‬ﺎﺋﻞ إﻋ‪jjj‬ﻼن ﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺎدﺋﺎت ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﺑ‪j‬ﺪون اﻟﺤﺎﻟ‪j‬ﺔ وﺗﺘﻄﻠ‪j‬ﺐ أن‬
‫ﻳﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀ‪jjjj‬ﻴﻔﻴﻦ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjj‬ﻮل ﺗﻜ‪jjjj‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان ﻣﺼ‪jjjj‬ﺤﻮب‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ داﺋﻤ‪ًj‬ﺎ ﺗﻜ‪j‬ﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان اﻻرﺗﺒ‪j‬ﺎط‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬

‫ﺗﺤﺪث ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻌﻘﺪة ‪ IPv6‬آﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫إن ﻋﻨﻮان اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ هﻮ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺸ‪j‬ﺘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻳﺴ‪j‬ﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫إﻟﻰ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺔ اﻻرﺗﺒ‪j‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪j‬ﻲ ﻟ‪j‬ـ ‪ FE80::/64‬وﻣﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫ذو ‪ 64‬ﺑﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳ‪jjj‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴ‪jjj‬ﺬ اآﺘﺸ‪jjj‬ﺎف اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان اﻟﻤﻜ‪jjj‬ﺮر ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘ‪jjj‬ﻖ ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ أن ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻓﺮﻳﺪًا‪.‬‬
‫إذا ﻓﺸﻞ اآﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﻜﺮر‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﺘﻜ‪j‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻴ‪j‬ﺪوي‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻘﺪة‪.‬‬
‫إذا ﻧﺠﺢ اآﺘﺸ‪j‬ﺎف اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان اﻟﻤﻜ‪j‬ﺮر‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻔﺘ‪j‬ﺮض أن ﻳﻜ‪j‬ﻮن ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫اﻻرﺗﺒ‪jj‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪jj‬ﻲ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻓﺮﻳ‪jj‬ﺪًا وﺻ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﺤًﺎ‪ .‬ﺗ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻴﺌ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان‬
‫اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‪ .‬وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴ‪j‬ﺠﻴﻞ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ﻃﺒﻘ‪j‬ﺔ اﻻرﺗﺒ‪j‬ﺎط‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌ‪jjj‬ﺪد اﻹرﺳ‪jjj‬ﺎل ﻟﻠﻌﻘ‪jjj‬ﺪة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻓﻘ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳ‪jjj‬ﻄﺔ ﻣﺤ‪jjj‬ﻮل‬
‫اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴ‪jj‬ﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﻀ‪jj‬ﻴﻒ ‪ ،IPv6‬ﻳﺘ‪jj‬ﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﺘﻜ‪jj‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻘ‪jj‬ﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ اﻟﻨﺤ‪jj‬ﻮ‬

‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﻳﺮﺳﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﻴﻒ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫إن ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ أﻳﺔ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ إﻋﻼن ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺪهﺎ ﻳﺴ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀ‪jjjj‬ﻴﻒ ﺑﺮﺗﻮآ‪jjjj‬ﻮل ﺗﻜ‪jjjj‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjjj‬ﻮان اﻟﻤﺼ‪jjjj‬ﺤﻮب ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟ‪jjjj‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ وﻣﻌﻠﻤ‪j‬ﺎت اﻟﺘﻜ‪j‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻷﺧ‪j‬ﺮى‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﻤ‪j‬ﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjjjj‬ﻮل ‪ IPv6‬ﻣ‪jjjjj‬ﻦ أﺟ‪jjjjj‬ﻞ ‪ Windows XP‬اﺳ‪jjjjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮآﻮل ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﺼﺤﻮب ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫إذا ﺗ‪jjj‬ﻢ اﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﻼم رﺳ‪jjj‬ﺎﻟﺔ 'إﻋ‪jjj‬ﻼن ﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ'‪ ،‬ﻳ‪jjj‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴ‪jjj‬ﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻀﻴﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴ‪jjj‬ﺒﺔ ﻟﻜ‪jjj‬ﻞ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان اﻟﺘﻜ‪jjj‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻘ‪jjj‬ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ‪jjj‬ﺪون اﻟﺤﺎﻟ‪jjj‬ﺔ‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﻤﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان وﻣﻌ ‪j‬ﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ ذو ‪64‬‬
‫ﺑﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ اآﺘﺸ‪jj‬ﺎف اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻟﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﺮر ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘ‪jj‬ﻖ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ أن اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان‬
‫اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫! إذا آﺎن اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻗﻴ‪j‬ﺪ اﻻﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام‪ ،‬ﻓ‪j‬ﻼ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‪.‬‬
‫! إن ﻟ‪j‬ﻢ ﻳﻜ‪j‬ﻦ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒ‪j‬ﻲ ﻗﻴ‪j‬ﺪ اﻻﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻴﺌ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻀ‪j‬ﻤﻦ ه‪j‬ﺬا ﺗﻌﻴ‪j‬ﻴﻦ اﻟﻤ‪j‬ﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ واﻟﻤﻔﻀ‪j‬ﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪j‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﻀ‪j‬ﻤﻨﺔ ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ‬
‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ إﻋﻼن ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫إذا ﺗ‪jjj‬ﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳ‪jjj‬ﺪ ﻓ‪jjj‬ﻲ رﺳ‪jjj‬ﺎﻟﺔ إﻋ‪jjj‬ﻼن ﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀ‪jjjj‬ﻴﻒ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjjj‬ﻮل ﺗﻜ‪jjjj‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjjj‬ﻮان اﻟﻤﺼ‪jjjj‬ﺤﻮب ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟ‪jjjj‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ أو ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬

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‫اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻴﺰات ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآﻮل ‪ IPv6‬ﻟـ ‪Windows XP‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآﻮل ‪ IPv6‬ﻟـ ‪ Windows XP‬اﻟﻤﻴﺰات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻔﻖ ‪to46‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآﻮل ﻋﻨﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻖ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻧﻔﻖ ‪over46‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺑﺎدﺋﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ إﻋﻼﻧﺎت أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫•‬
‫دﻋﻢ ‪DNS‬‬ ‫•‬
‫دﻋﻢ ‪IPSec‬‬ ‫•‬
‫دﻋﻢ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬ ‫•‬
‫دﻋﻢ ‪RPC‬‬ ‫•‬
‫دﻋﻢ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺶ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ آﻞ ﻣﻦ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻴﺰات ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻔﻖ ‪to46‬‬

‫إن ‪ to46‬ه‪jjj‬ﻮ ﺗﻘﻨﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﻨﻔ‪jjj‬ﻖ اﻟﻤﻮﺻ‪jjj‬ﻮﻓﺔ ﻓ‪jjj‬ﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺟ‪jjj‬ﻊ ‪ .RFC 3056‬ﻻ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻀﻴﻔﻮ ‪ to46‬أي ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻳﺪوي وﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﻢ إﻧﺸ‪j‬ﺎء ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ‪to46‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻜ‪jjj‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻘ‪jjj‬ﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳ‪jjj‬ﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪم ‪ to46‬ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴ‪jjjjjj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔ‪jjjjjj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jjjjjj‬ﻦ ‪ ،WWXX:YYZZ::/48:2002‬ﺣﻴ‪jjjjjj‬ﺚ‬
‫‪ WWXX:YYZZ‬ه‪jj‬ﻮ ﺗﻤﺜﻴ‪jj‬ﻞ ﺳﺪاﺳ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻋﺸ‪jj‬ﺮ ﻳﻌﺘﻤ‪jj‬ﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ ﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان‬
‫‪ IPv4‬اﻟﻌﻤ‪jjjjjjj‬ﻮﻣﻲ )‪ (w.x.y.z‬اﻟﻤﻌ‪j jjjjj‬ﻴّﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗ‪jjjjjjj‬ﻊ أو اﻟﻤﻀ‪jjjjjjj‬ﻴﻒ‪ .‬إن‬
‫‪ WWXX:YYZZ‬ه‪jjjj‬ﻮ ﺟ‪jjjj‬ﺰء ﻣﺠﻤ‪jjjj‬ﻮع اﻟﻤﺴ‪jjjj‬ﺘﻮى اﻟﺘ‪jjjj‬ﺎﻟﻲ )‪(NLA‬‬
‫ﻟﻌﻨﻮان ‪.to46‬‬

‫ﻳﺴ‪jjj‬ﻤﺢ ‪ to46‬ﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪jjj‬ﻊ وﻟﻤﻀ‪jjj‬ﻴﻔﻲ ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﻤﻤﻜّﻨ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺼ‪jjj‬ﺎل ﺑﺎﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام‬

‫‪ IPv6‬ﻋﺒ‪jj‬ﺮ ﺑﻨﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ )ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ ﺳ‪jj‬ﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜ‪jj‬ﺎل‪ ،‬إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jj‬ﺖ(‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪jj‬ﻊ وﻟﻤﻀ‪jjj‬ﻴﻔﻲ ‪ IPv6‬اﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان ‪ to46‬اﻟﺨ‪jjj‬ﺎص ﺑﻬ‪jjj‬ﻢ‬
‫واﺳﺘﺨﺪام إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪j‬ﺖ ﻟﻼﺗﺼ‪j‬ﺎل ﺑ‪j‬ﺪون اﻟﺤﺼ‪j‬ﻮل ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺔ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ‪IPv6‬‬

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‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻓﺮ ﺧﺪﻣ‪j‬ﺔ إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪j‬ﺖ واﻻﺗﺼ‪j‬ﺎل ﺑ‪j‬ـ ‪) bone6‬ﺟ‪j‬ﺰء ‪IPv6‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜّﻦ ﻣﻦ إﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآﻮل ﻋﻨﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻖ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ‬

‫إن ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآﻮل ﻋﻨﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻖ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴًﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪j‬ﻊ )‪ (ISATAP‬ه‪j‬ﻮ ﺗﻌﻴ‪j‬ﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان وﺗﻘﻨﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻨﻔ‪jj‬ﻖ ﻟﻼﺗﺼ‪jj‬ﺎل ﺑ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ ﻋﻘ‪jj‬ﺪ ‪ IPv6/IPv4‬ﺿ‪jj‬ﻤﻦ ﻣﻮﻗ‪jj‬ﻊ‬
‫‪.IPv4‬‬

‫ﻧﻔﻖ ‪over46‬‬

‫إن ‪ ،over46‬واﻟ‪jj‬ﺬي ﻳﻌ‪jj‬ﺮف أﻳﻀ ‪ًj‬ﺎ ﺑﻨﻔ‪jj‬ﻖ ‪ IPv4‬ﻣﺘﻌ‪jj‬ﺪد اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل‪ ،‬ه‪jj‬ﻮ‬

‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻖ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ ‪ .RFC 2529‬ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ‪ over46‬ﻟﻌﻘ‪j‬ﺪ‬
‫‪ IPv6‬و ‪ IPv4‬ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺼ‪jj‬ﺎل ﺑﺎﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ‪ IPv6‬ﻋﺒ‪jj‬ﺮ ﺑﻨﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ over46‬ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻟﻪ ﻗﺪرة اﻹرﺳﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌ‪jj‬ﺪد‪ .‬وﻟﻜ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻳﻌﻤ‪jj‬ﻞ ‪ over46‬ﺑﺸ‪jj‬ﻜﻞ ﺻ‪jj‬ﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠ‪jj‬ﺐ أن ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮن ﺑﻨﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ‬
‫‪ IPv4‬اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ‪ IPv4‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻹرﺳﺎل ﻣﻤﻜّﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬

‫ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ ﻣﻮارد إﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺷﺘﻘﺎق‬
‫ﻣﻌ‪j‬ﺮّف اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ ذات ‪ 64‬ﺑ‪j‬ﺖ ﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﻌﻤ‪j‬ﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام أرﻗ‪jj‬ﺎم‬
‫ﻋﺸﻮاﺋﻴﺔ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺠﻬﻮل‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎدﺋﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ إﻋﻼﻧﺎت أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄ‪jj‬ﺔ وﻣﻨﺸ‪jj‬ﻮرة ﺣﺴ‪jj‬ﺐ ﻃ‪jj‬ﻮل ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻗ‪jj‬ﻊ‪،‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ rtu ipv6‬ﻟﺘﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻗ‪j‬ﻊ ﻣ‪j‬ﻊ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﻮان‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﻼم ﺧﻴﺎر ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣ‪j‬ﻮل اﻟﺒﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟ‪j‬ﺬي ﻳﺤ‪j‬ﺪد ﺑﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻗ‪j‬ﻊ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ‬
‫إﻧﺸ‪jj‬ﺎء إدﺧ‪jj‬ﺎل ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ ﺟ‪jj‬ﺪول ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪jj‬ﻊ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪jj‬ﻚ ﻋ‪jj‬ﺮض ه‪jj‬ﺬا اﻟﺠ‪jj‬ﺪول‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ .ipv6 spt‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﺟ‪j‬ﺪول ﺑﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪j‬ﻊ ﻹزاﻟ‪j‬ﺔ‬

‫‪411‬‬
‫ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪jjj‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻏﻴ‪jjj‬ﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳ‪jjj‬ﺒﺔ ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ ﺗﻠ‪jjj‬ﻚ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﺘ‪jjj‬ﻲ ﺗ‪jjj‬ﻢ‬
‫إرﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ داﻟﺔ )(‪ getaddrinfo‬ﻓﻲ ‪.Windows sockets‬‬

‫دﻋﻢ ‪DNS‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺳﺠﻼت ﻣﻀﻴﻒ ﻧﻈﺎم اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل )‪) (DNS‬ﺗﻌ‪j‬ﺮف‬
‫ﺑﺴﺠﻼت ﻣﻮرد ‪ AAAA‬أو رﺑﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،(A-‬آﻤ‪j‬ﺎ ﺗ‪j‬ﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬ‪j‬ﺎ ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺟ‪j‬ﻊ‬
‫‪DNS Extensions to support IP version 6 ،RFC 1886‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻞ ‪)DNS‬ﻋﻤﻴﻞ( ﻓﻲ ‪ Windows XP‬وﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻠﻘﻢ ‪DNS‬‬
‫ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ ‪ .Windows 2000‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ إرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل آ‪jj‬ﻞ ﺣﺮآ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jj‬ﺮور ‪ DNS‬ﻋﺒ‪jj‬ﺮ‬
‫‪.IPv4‬‬

‫دﻋﻢ ‪IPSec‬‬

‫ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ اﻋﺘﻤ‪jj‬ﺎد ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠ‪jj‬ﺔ رأس اﻟﻤﺼ‪jj‬ﺎدﻗﺔ )‪ (AH‬ﺑﺎﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﺠﺰﺋ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻣﻠﺨ‪jj‬ﺺ‬

‫اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ‪ ،(MD5) 5‬وﺗﻐﻠﻴﻒ ﺣﻤﻮﻟ‪j‬ﺔ اﻷﻣ‪j‬ﺎن )‪ (ESP‬ﺑﺎﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟ‪j‬ﺮأس‬
‫‪ NULL ESP‬وﺗﺠﺰﺋ‪jjj‬ﺔ ‪ .MD5‬ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟ‪jjj‬ﺪ أي دﻋ‪jjj‬ﻢ ﻟﺘﺸ‪jjj‬ﻔﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧ‪jjj‬ﺎت‬
‫‪.ESP‬‬

‫دﻋﻢ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬

‫ﺗﺘﻀ‪jjjjj‬ﻤﻦ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘ‪jjjjj‬ﺎت اﻟﺘ‪jjjjj‬ﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﻤ‪jjjjj‬ﺪ اﺳ‪jjjjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ‪ ،IPv6‬اﻟﻤ‪jjjjj‬ﻮﻓﺮة ﻣ‪jjjjj‬ﻊ‬

‫‪ ،Windows XP‬و‪ ،Internet Explorer‬وﻋﻤﻴ‪jjjj‬ﻞ ‪Telnet‬‬
‫)‪ ،(Telnet.exe‬وﻋﻤﻴﻞ )‪.FTP (Ftp.exe‬‬

‫دﻋﻢ ‪RPC‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜ‪jjj‬ﻦ اﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام داﻻت اﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺪﻋﺎء إﺟ‪jjj‬ﺮاء ﺑﻌﻴ‪jjj‬ﺪ )‪ ،(RPC‬واﻟﻤﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﻹﻋﺎدة ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎءات داﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﺒ‪j‬ﺮ اﻟﺸ‪j‬ﺒﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒ‪j‬ﺮ‬
‫‪ .IPv6‬إن اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ ﻟـ ‪ RPC‬هﻮ اﻹدارة اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة‪.‬‬

‫دﻋﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬

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‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ Windows XP‬آﺠﻬﺎز ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬
‫‪ IPv6‬ﺛﺎﺑ‪jjj‬ﺖ ﻳﻌﻴ‪jjj‬ﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ ﺣ‪jjj‬ﺰم ‪ IPv6‬ﺑ‪jjj‬ﻴﻦ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﻨﺪة إﻟ‪jjj‬ﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺟﺪول ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ‪ .IPv6‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪j‬ﻚ ﺗﻜ‪j‬ﻮﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬ‪j‬ﺎت ﺛﺎﺑﺘ‪j‬ﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳ‪j‬ﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ .ipv6 rtu‬ﺣﺎﻟﻴًﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ أي دﻋﻢ ﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآﻮﻻت ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ‪.IPv6‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ Windows XP‬إرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل إﻋﻼﻧ‪j‬ﺎت ﺣ‪j‬ﻮل‬

‫أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴًﺎ اﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت إﻋﻼﻧﺎت ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮرة ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪ .‬وﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎت ﻏﻴ‪j‬ﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸ‪j‬ﻮرة ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ وﻟﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻻ ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ إرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ إﻋﻼﻧ‪jj‬ﺎت أﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫وداﺋﻤ‪ًj j‬ﺎ ﺗﺤﺘ‪jjj‬ﻮي إﻋﻼﻧ‪jjj‬ﺎت أﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ ﻋﻠ‪jjj‬ﻰ ﺧﻴ‪jjj‬ﺎر ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان ﻃﺒﻘ‪jjj‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻻرﺗﺒ‪jjj‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺼ‪jjj‬ﺪر وﺧﻴ‪jjj‬ﺎر ‪ .MTU‬ﺗﺆﺧ‪jjj‬ﺬ ﻗﻴﻤ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﺨﻴ‪jjj‬ﺎر ‪ MTU‬ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ‬
‫‪ MTU‬ﻟﻼرﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺳ‪j‬ﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪j‬ﻚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴ‪j‬ﺮ ه‪j‬ﺬﻩ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ .ipv6 ifc mtu‬وﺳﻴﻌﻠﻦ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫‪ Windows XP‬ﻋ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻧﻔﺴ‪jj‬ﻪ ﻓﻘ‪jjj‬ﻂ ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ أﻧ‪jj‬ﻪ ﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎز ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ اﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‪jjj‬ﻲ‬
‫)ﺑﺎﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام إﻋ‪jj‬ﻼن ﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻊ ﻣ‪jj‬ﺪة ﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ ﻋﻮﺿ ‪ًj‬ﺎ ﻋ‪jj‬ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮ( ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل آﺎن هﻨﺎك ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻨﻪ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺰات اﻷﻣﺎن‬

‫ﻳﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjjj‬ﻮل ‪ IPv6‬ﻟ‪jjjj‬ـ ‪ Windows XP‬أﻣ‪jjjj‬ﺎن ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjjj‬ﻮل‬

‫إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jj‬ﺖ )‪ ،(IPSec‬اﻟ‪jj‬ﺬي ﻳ‪jj‬ﻮﻓﺮ ﺣﻤﺎﻳ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧ‪jj‬ﺎت ‪ IPv6‬آﻤ‪jj‬ﺎ ﺗ‪jj‬ﻢ إرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ IPSec‬ﻟﻤﻘ‪j‬ﺎﻳﻴﺲ إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪j‬ﺖ اﻟﺘ‪j‬ﻲ ﺗﺴ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪم ﺧ‪j‬ﺪﻣﺎت‬
‫أﻣﺎن اﻟﺘﺸﻔﻴﺮ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺨﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺗ‪jj‬ﻢ ﺗﺸ‪jj‬ﻔﻴﺮ ﺣﺮآ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jj‬ﺮور ‪ .IPSec‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻓ‪jj‬ﻚ ﺗﺸ‪jj‬ﻔﻴﺮ ﺣﺮآ‪jj‬ﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺮور ‪ IPSec‬اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺪون ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﺘﺸﻔﻴﺮ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدﻗﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮآ‪j‬ﺔ ﻣ‪j‬ﺮور ‪ IPSec‬ﺑﺸ‪j‬ﻜﻞ رﻗﻤ‪j‬ﻲ ﻣ‪j‬ﻊ ﻣﻔﺘ‪j‬ﺎح‬

‫اﻟﺘﺸ‪jj‬ﻔﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺸ‪jj‬ﺘﺮك ﺑﺤﻴ‪jj‬ﺚ ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻘ‪jj‬ﻖ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ أﻧ‪jj‬ﻪ ﺗ‪jj‬ﻢ‬
‫إرﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ‪.IPSec‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﺣﺮآﺔ ﻣﺮور ‪ IPSec‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﺸﻔﺮ ﻳﺪﻣﺞ ﻣﻔﺘ‪j‬ﺎح اﻟﺘﺸ‪j‬ﻔﻴﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ ﺧﻼل اﻹرﺳﺎل‪.‬‬

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 ‫اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ :‬أدوات ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ وﻳﻨﺪوز ‪XP‬‬
‫إن ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات اﻟﺘﻜ‪j‬ﻮﻳﻦ ه‪j‬ﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴ‪j‬ﺮات ﻏﻴ‪j‬ﺮ داﺋﻤ‪j‬ﺔ وﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ ﻓﻘ‪j‬ﺪاﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺪ إﻋ‪j‬ﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴ‪jjj‬ﺪ أو إﻋ‪jjj‬ﺎدة ﺗﺸ‪jjj‬ﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴ‪jjj‬ﻮﺗﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪jjj‬ﻚ ﺣﻔ‪jjj‬ﻆ ﺗﻐﻴﻴ‪jjj‬ﺮات اﻟﺘﻜ‪jjj‬ﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬ‪jj‬ﺎ آﺄﺳ‪jj‬ﻄﺮ أواﻣ‪jj‬ﺮ ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻣﻠ‪jj‬ﻒ ﺑﺮﻧ‪jj‬ﺎﻣﺞ أواﻣ‪jj‬ﺮ ﻧﺼ‪jj‬ﻲ )‪ (.cmd‬اﻟ‪jj‬ﺬي‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ أو ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآﻮل ‪ .IPv6‬ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴ‪jj‬ﺮات اﻟﺘﻜ‪jj‬ﻮﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴ ‪ًj‬ﺎ ﺑﻌ‪jj‬ﺪ إﻋ‪jj‬ﺎدة ﺗﺸ‪jj‬ﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴ‪jj‬ﻮﺗﺮ‪ ،‬اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪم "ﻣﻬ‪jj‬ﺎم‬
‫ﻣﺠﺪوﻟ‪jj‬ﺔ" ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ "ﻟﻮﺣ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟ‪jj‬ﺘﺤﻜﻢ" ﻟﺘﺸ‪jj‬ﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻠ‪jj‬ﻒ ‪ .cmd‬ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺪ ﺑ‪jj‬ﺪء ﺗﺸ‪jj‬ﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪Ipv6.exe‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآﻮل ‪ IPv6‬ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ‪ ،Ipv6.exe‬واﻟﻤﺴ‪j‬ﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬

‫ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺎت‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﺨ‪jj‬ﺎزن اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬ‪jj‬ﺎت‬
‫واﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼم ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟ‪jj‬ﺪى ‪ Ipv6.exe‬ﻋ‪jj‬ﺪد هﺎﺋ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ اﻷواﻣ‪jj‬ﺮ‪ ،‬آ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻣﻨﻬ‪jj‬ﺎ ﻣُﺮﻓ‪jj‬ﻖ ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ‪jj‬ﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 install‬‬

‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴ‪jjjj‬ﺖ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjjj‬ﻮل ‪ IPv6‬ﻋﻠ‪jjjj‬ﻰ أﻧ‪jjjj‬ﻪ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjjj‬ﻮل اﻟﺸ‪jjjj‬ﺒﻜﺔ‬

‫ﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ‪ .LAN‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ‬
‫ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧ‪j‬ﺎت ﺿ‪jj‬ﻤﻦ ﺧﺼ‪j‬ﺎﺋﺺ اﻻﺗﺼ‪jj‬ﺎل ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ اﺗﺼ‪jj‬ﺎﻻت‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‪ .‬اآﺘﺐ ‪ ipv6 if‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ اﻷواﻣﺮ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻴﻤ‪j‬ﺎ‬
‫إذا ﺗﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ‪.IPv6‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 uninstall‬‬

‫إزاﻟ‪jjjjj‬ﺔ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjjjj‬ﻮل ‪ IPv6‬ﻋﻠ‪jjjjj‬ﻰ أﻧ‪jjjjj‬ﻪ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjjjj‬ﻮل اﻟﺸ‪jjjjj‬ﺒﻜﺔ‬

‫ﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫]‪ipv6 [-v] if [IfIndex‬‬

‫‪415‬‬
‫ﻋ‪jj‬ﺮض ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪jj‬ﺎت ﺣ‪jj‬ﻮل اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺎت‪ .‬إذا ﺗ‪jj‬ﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳ‪jj‬ﺪ رﻗ‪jj‬ﻢ ﻓﻬ‪jj‬ﺮس‬
‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻮف ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮض ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣﻮل ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ ﻓﻘ‪j‬ﻂ‪.‬‬
‫وإﻻ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﻋ‪jj‬ﺮض ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪jj‬ﺎت ﺣ‪jjj‬ﻮل آﺎﻓ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺎت‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻀ‪jjj‬ﻤﻦ‬
‫اﻹﺧﺮاج ﻋﻨﻮان ﻃﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ وﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪j‬ﺔ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ IPv6‬اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨ‪j‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ‪ .‬وﻳﺘﻀ‪j‬ﻤﻦ ‪ MTU‬اﻟﺤ‪j‬ﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ‪ ،‬و‬
‫‪) MTU‬اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘ‪jj‬ﻲ( اﻷﻗﺼ‪jj‬ﻰ واﻟ‪jj‬ﺬي ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ أن ﺗﻌﺘﻤ‪jj‬ﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮض اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺔ ‪ -v‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‪.‬‬

‫إن اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺔ رﻗ‪jjj‬ﻢ ‪ 1‬ه‪jjj‬ﻲ واﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺔ زاﺋﻔ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﺗﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻼﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺮﺟﺎع‬

‫)ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑـ "واﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎع اﻟﺰاﺋﻔﺔ"(‪ .‬واﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ رﻗ‪j‬ﻢ ‪ 2‬ه‪j‬ﻲ‬
‫واﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺔ زاﺋﻔ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﺗﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻸﻧﻔ‪jjj‬ﺎق اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ )ﺗﺴ‪jjj‬ﻤﻰ ﺑ‪jjj‬ـ "واﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻷﻧﻔ‪jjj‬ﺎق اﻟﺰاﺋﻔ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ"(‪ .‬أﻣ‪jjj‬ﺎ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺔ رﻗ‪jjj‬ﻢ ‪ 3‬ه‪jjj‬ﻲ ﺑﺸ‪jjj‬ﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻲ واﺟﻬﺔ زاﺋﻔ‪j‬ﺔ ﺗﺴ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻸﻧﻔ‪j‬ﺎق ‪) to46‬ﺗﺴ‪j‬ﻤﻰ ﺑﻮاﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻷﻧﻔ‪jj‬ﺎق اﻟﺰاﺋﻔ‪jj‬ﺔ ‪ .(to46‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﺗ‪jj‬ﺮﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻷﺧ‪jj‬ﺮى ﺑﺸ‪jj‬ﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ هﺬا اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ‬
‫آﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬

‫إذا آﺎن ﻋﻨﻮان ﻃﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ‪ ،aa-bb-cc-dd-ee-ff‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬

‫واﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ ﺗﻮزﻳ‪jj‬ﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧ‪jj‬ﺎت ﺑﺎﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻟﻴ‪jj‬ﺎف اﻟﺒﺼ‪jj‬ﺮﻳﺔ )‪(FDDI‬‬
‫أو واﺟﻬﺔ ‪.Ethernet‬‬

‫إن اﻻﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺮﺟﺎع‪ ،‬واﻷﻧﻔ‪jj‬ﺎق اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ‪ ،‬وواﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻷﻧﻔ‪jj‬ﺎق اﻟﺰاﺋﻔ‪jjj‬ﺔ‬

‫‪ ،to46‬ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اآﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﺠﻮار ﻟـ ‪.IPv6‬‬

‫•‬ ‫]‪ipv6 ifcr v6v4 V4Src V4Dst [nd] [pmld‬‬

‫إﻧﺸ‪jjj‬ﺎء ‪ IPv6‬ﻣﻜ‪j j‬ﻮّن ﻋﺒ‪jjj‬ﺮ واﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻧﻔ‪jjj‬ﻖ ‪ IPv4‬ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﺼ‪jjj‬ﺪر‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪد وﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ‪ .‬وإن اﻟﺨﻴﺎر ‪ nd‬ﻳﻤﻜّﻦ اآﺘﺸﺎف‬
‫اﻟﺠﻮار ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﻮر اﻟﻨﻔ‪j‬ﻖ ﺑﺤﻴ‪j‬ﺚ ﻳﻜ‪j‬ﻮن ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜ‪j‬ﺎن إرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل رﺳ‪j‬ﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫اﻹﻋ‪jj‬ﻼن اﻟﺨ‪jj‬ﺎص ﺑﺠﻬ‪jj‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ واﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﻼﻣﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻳُﻤ ّﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ اﻟﺨﻴ‪jj‬ﺎر‬
‫‪ pmld‬رﺳ‪jj‬ﺎﺋﻞ اآﺘﺸ‪jj‬ﺎف اﻟﻤﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﻺرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﻌ‪jj‬ﺪد )‪(MLD‬‬
‫اﻟﺪورﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻗﺎﻣ‪j‬ﺖ اﻟﻌﻘ‪j‬ﺪة ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﻨﻔ‪j‬ﻖ ﺑﺎﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﻔ‪j‬ﻖ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ارﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد ﺑﺪون ﺑﺚ )‪.(NBMA‬‬

‫‪416‬‬
 ‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 ifcr 6over4 V4Src‬‬

‫إﻧﺸ‪jjj‬ﺎء واﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ أﺟ‪jjj‬ﻞ ‪ over46‬ﺑﺎﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان ﻣﺼ‪jjj‬ﺪر‬

‫‪ .IPv4‬ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪j‬ﺎت ﺣ‪j‬ﻮل ‪ ،over46‬راﺟ‪j‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﺮﺟ‪j‬ﻊ‬
‫‪.RFC 2529‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6‬‬ ‫]}‪ifc IfIndex [{forwards-] | [forwards‬‬

‫‪[{advertises-] | [advertises]} [mtu# Bytes] [site‬‬
‫]‪SiteIdentifier‬‬

‫اﻟ‪jj‬ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺴ‪jj‬ﻤﺎت اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ أن ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮن اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺎت واﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺎت‬

‫إﻋ‪jj‬ﺎدة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴ‪jj‬ﺚ ﺗﻘ‪jj‬ﻮم ﺑﺈﻋ‪jj‬ﺎدة ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ اﻟﺤ‪jj‬ﺰم اﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻟ‪jj‬ﻢ ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻟﻮﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﺨ‪jj‬ﺎص ﺑﻬ‪jj‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ .‬وﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ أن ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮن‬
‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎت واﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎت إﻋ‪jjj‬ﻼن‪ ،‬ﺣﻴ‪jjj‬ﺚ ﺗﺮﺳ‪jjj‬ﻞ إﻋﻼﻧ‪jjj‬ﺎت ﺧﺎﺻ‪jjj‬ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺠﻬ‪jj‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ اﻟ‪jj‬ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻬ‪jj‬ﺬﻩ اﻟﺴ‪jj‬ﻤﺎت ﺑﺸ‪jj‬ﻜﻞ ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﻘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫وﺗﺮﺳ‪jj‬ﻞ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ اﺗﺼ‪jj‬ﺎﻻت ﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ وﺗﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﻠﻢ إﻋﻼﻧ‪jj‬ﺎت‬
‫ﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ‪ ،‬أو ﺗﺴ‪jjj‬ﺘﻠﻢ اﺗﺼ‪jjj‬ﺎﻻت ﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ وﺗﺮﺳ‪jjj‬ﻞ‬
‫إﻋﻼﻧﺎت ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫إن اﻻﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺮﺟﺎع وواﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻷﻧﻔ‪jj‬ﺎق اﻟﺰاﺋﻔ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪم‬

‫اآﺘﺸ‪jj‬ﺎف اﻟﺠ‪jj‬ﻮار‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻨﻬ ‪j‬ﺎ ﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل إﻋﻼﻧ‪jj‬ﺎت ﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺎز‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪jjjjjjjj‬ﻚ اﺧﺘﺼ‪jjjjjjjj‬ﺎر ‪ forwards‬إﻟ‪jjjjjjjj‬ﻰ ‪ forw‬واﺧﺘﺼ‪jjjjjjjj‬ﺎر‬

‫‪ advertises‬إﻟﻰ ‪.adv‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﻌﻴ‪j‬ﻴﻦ ‪ MTU‬ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺠ‪j‬ﺐ أن ﻳﻜ‪j‬ﻮن ‪ MTU‬اﻟﺠﺪﻳ‪j‬ﺪ‬

‫أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟـ ‪ MTU‬اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻻرﺗﺒﺎط )ﺣﻘﻴﻘ‪j‬ﻲ( أو‬
‫ﻳﺴ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻪ )آﻤ‪jj‬ﺎ ﺗ‪jj‬ﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳ‪jj‬ﺪﻩ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻗﺒ‪jj‬ﻞ ‪ ،(ipv6 if‬وأآﺒ‪jj‬ﺮ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ اﻟﺤ‪jj‬ﺪ‬
‫اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟـ ‪ IPv6 MTU‬أو ﻳﺴﺎوﻳﻪ )‪ 1280‬ﺑﺎﻳﺖ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪jjj‬ﻚ أﻳﻀ‪ًj j‬ﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴ‪jjj‬ﺮ ﻣﻌ‪jjj‬ﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﻗ‪jjj‬ﻊ ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻳ‪jjj‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻞ ‪ sin6_scope_id‬ﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪417‬‬
 ‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 ifd IfIndex‬‬

‫ﺣ‪jj‬ﺬف واﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ ﺣ‪jj‬ﺬف اﻻﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺮﺟﺎع وواﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻷﻧﻔ‪jj‬ﺎق‬

‫اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺰاﺋﻔﺔ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6adu IfIndex/Address [life‬‬

‫]‪ValidLifetime[/PrefLifetime]] [anycast‬‬
‫]‪[unicast‬‬

‫إﺿ‪jjj‬ﺎﻓﺔ أو ﺣ‪jjj‬ﺬف ﺗﻌﻴ‪jjj‬ﻴﻦ ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان أﺣ‪jjj‬ﺎدي اﻹرﺳ‪jjj‬ﺎل أو ﻣﺨﺘﻠ‪jjj‬ﻒ‬

‫اﻹرﺳﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ واﺟﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ اﻓﺘﺮاض اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻷﺣﺎدي إﻻ إذا ﺗ‪j‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪.‬‬

‫إن ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺪة‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻻﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴ‪j‬ﺔ‪ .‬إذا ﺗ‪j‬ﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳ‪j‬ﺪ ﻣ‪j‬ﺪة ﺻ‪j‬ﺎﻟﺤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺪهﺎ ﺗﻜ‪jj‬ﻮن اﻟﻤ ‪j‬ﺪة اﻟﻤﻔﻀ‪jj‬ﻠﺔ ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤ‪jj‬ﺪة اﻟﺼ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪jj‬ﻚ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺪة ﻻﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ أو ﻣﺪة ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻮاﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤ‪j‬ﺪة‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪة اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ أو ﺗﺴﺎوﻳﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﺆدي ﺗﺤﺪﻳ‪j‬ﺪ اﻟﻤ‪j‬ﺪة‬
‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺮ إﻟﻰ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﺧﺘﺼﺎر ‪ lifetime‬إﻟﻰ ‪.life‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴ‪jj‬ﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻹرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل‪ ،‬اﻟﻘ‪jj‬ﻴﻢ اﻟﺼ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤ‪jj‬ﺪة ه‪jj‬ﻲ‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮ اﻟﻼﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫]]‪ipv6 nc [IfIndex [Address‬‬

‫ﺗﻌ‪jj‬ﺮض ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳ‪jj‬ﺎت ﻣﺨ‪jj‬ﺰن اﻟﺠ‪jj‬ﻮار اﻟﻤﺆﻗ‪jj‬ﺖ‪ .‬إذا ﺗ‪jj‬ﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳ‪jj‬ﺪ رﻗ‪jj‬ﻢ‬

‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﻓﻘ‪jj‬ﻂ ﻋ‪jj‬ﺮض ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳ‪jj‬ﺎت ﻣﺨ‪jj‬ﺰن اﻟﺠ‪jj‬ﻮار اﻟﻤﺆﻗ‪jj‬ﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ .‬وإﻻ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪jjj‬ﺘﻢ ﻋ‪jjj‬ﺮض ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳ‪jj‬ﺎت آﺎﻓ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻣﺨ‪jjj‬ﺎزن اﻟﺠ‪jjj‬ﻮار‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‪ .‬إذا ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ واﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ ﻣ‪j‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪j‬ﻚ ﺗﺤﺪﻳ‪j‬ﺪ ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ‪،IPv6‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻋﺮض إدﺧﺎل ﻣﺨﺰن اﻟﺠﻮار اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‪ ،‬وﻋﻨﻮان ‪ ،IPv6‬وﻋﻨﻮان ﻃﺒﻘﺔ اﻻرﺗﺒ‪j‬ﺎط‪،‬‬

‫وﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إدﺧﺎل ﻣﺨﺰن ﻣﺠﺎور ﻣﺆﻗﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫•‬ ‫]]‪ipv6 ncf[IfIndex [Address‬‬

‫ﺗﺰﻳﻞ إدﺧﺎﻻت ﻣﺨﺎزن اﻟﺠﻮار اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ اﻟﻤﺤ‪j‬ﺪدة‪ .‬ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ ﻓﻘ‪j‬ﻂ إزاﻟ‪j‬ﺔ‬

‫إدﺧ‪jjj‬ﺎﻻت ﻣﺨ‪jjj‬ﺎزن اﻟﺠ‪jjj‬ﻮار اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﺑ‪jjj‬ﺪون اﻟﻤﺮاﺟ‪jjj‬ﻊ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﺘ‪jjj‬ﻮي‬
‫إدﺧ‪jj‬ﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺨ‪jj‬ﺎزن اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟ‪jj‬ﻊ ﻹدﺧ‪jj‬ﺎﻻت‬
‫ﻣﺨﺎزن اﻟﺠ‪j‬ﻮار اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘ‪j‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟ‪j‬ﺬا ﻓﻤ‪j‬ﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺴ‪j‬ﻦ أن ﺗﻘ‪j‬ﻮم ﺑﺘﺸ‪j‬ﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻻ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜ‪j‬ﻦ أﻳﻀ‪ًj‬ﺎ أن ﻳﺤﺘ‪j‬ﻮي ﺟ‪j‬ﺪول اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ ipv6 rcf‬أو ً‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﻹدﺧﺎﻻت ﻣﺨﺎزن اﻟﺠﻮار اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫]]‪ipv6 rc [IfIndex [Address‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮض ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﻣﺨﺰن اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ اﻟﻤﺆﻗ‪j‬ﺖ‪ .‬إن ﻣﺨ‪j‬ﺰن اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ ه‪j‬ﻮ اﻻﺳ‪j‬ﻢ اﻟﻤﺴ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪم ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآ‪j‬ﻮل ‪ IPv6‬ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ أﺟ‪j‬ﻞ‬
‫‪ Windows XP‬ﻟﻤﺨﺰن اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ‪ .‬إذا ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ واﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫وﻋﻨﻮان‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮض إدﺧ‪j‬ﺎل ﻣﺨ‪j‬ﺰن اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ اﻟﻤﺆﻗ‪j‬ﺖ ﻟﻠﻮﺻ‪j‬ﻮل‬
‫إﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‪ .‬وإﻻ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮض آﺎﻓ‪j‬ﺔ إدﺧ‪j‬ﺎﻻت‬
‫ﻣﺨﺎزن اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ إدﺧﺎل ﻟﻤﺨﺰن اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮض ﻋﻨﻮان‬

‫‪ IPv6‬وواﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻘﻔ‪jj‬ﺰة اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ وﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻟﺠ‪jj‬ﻮار‪ .‬وﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ‬
‫أﻳﻀ ‪ًj‬ﺎ ﻋ‪jj‬ﺮض ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻟﻤﺼ‪jj‬ﺪر اﻟﻤﻔﻀ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻻﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻊ ه‪jj‬ﺬﻩ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ‪ MTU‬ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼل اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ إذا آﺎن هﺬا إدﺧﺎل ﻣﺨ‪j‬ﺰن اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ ﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ .‬إذا آﺎن هﻨﺎك ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ﺑ‪j‬ﺪﻳﻞ ﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ه‪j‬ﺬﻩ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ أﻳﻀًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان اﻟﻮﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ أن ﻳﻤﻠ‪j‬ﻚ ﻋ‪j‬ﺪة إدﺧ‪j‬ﺎﻻت ﻟﻤﺨ‪j‬ﺰن اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ — ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜ‪j‬ﻦ أن ﻳﺼ‪j‬ﻞ اﻟﻌ‪j‬ﺪد إﻟ‪j‬ﻰ ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ واﺣ‪j‬ﺪ ﻟﻜ‪j‬ﻞ‬
‫واﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ ﺻ‪jj‬ﺎدرة‪ .‬وﻟﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ أن ﻳﻤﻠ‪jj‬ﻚ ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ‬
‫اﻷآﺜ‪jj‬ﺮ إدﺧ‪jj‬ﺎل واﺣ‪jj‬ﺪ ﻟﻤﺨ‪jj‬ﺰن اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ اﻟﻤﺆﻗ‪jj‬ﺖ ﻏﻴ‪jj‬ﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠ‪jj‬ﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ .‬إن إدﺧ‪jj‬ﺎل ﻣﺨ‪jj‬ﺰن اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ اﻟﻤﺆﻗ‪jj‬ﺖ ﻳُﺴ‪jj‬ﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻘ‪jj‬ﻂ إذا‬
‫آﺎن اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻳﺤﺪد اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﺼﺎدرة‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫]]‪ipv6 rcf [IfIndex [Address‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﺰﻳﻞ إدﺧﺎﻻت ﻣﺨﺎزن اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 bc‬‬

‫ﺗﻌ‪jj‬ﺮض ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳ‪jj‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﺨ‪jj‬ﺰن اﻟﻤﺆﻗ‪jj‬ﺖ اﻟﻤ‪jj‬ﺮﺗﺒﻂ‪ ،‬واﻟ‪jj‬ﺬي ﻳﺤ‪jj‬ﺎﻓﻆ‬

‫ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎﻃ‪jj‬ﺎت ﺑ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻨ‪jj‬ﺎزل واﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ‬
‫أﺟﻞ ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك‪.‬‬

‫ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﻋ‪jj‬ﺮض آ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻟﻤﻨ‪jj‬ﺰل‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ورﻗ‪jj‬ﻢ‬

‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻂ واﻟﻤﺪة ﻟﻜﻞ ارﺗﺒﺎط‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 [-v] rt‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮض اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴ‪jj‬ﺒﺔ ﻟﻜ‪jj‬ﻞ إدﺧ‪jjj‬ﺎل ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ ﺟ‪jjj‬ﺪول اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪jjj‬ﺘﻢ ﻋ‪jj‬ﺮض ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jjj‬ﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وواﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ أو ﻗﻔﺰة ﺗﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺠ‪j‬ﺎورة ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ واﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ‪،‬‬
‫وﻗﻴﻤ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻀ‪jj‬ﻴﻞ )ﻳﻔﻀ‪jj‬ﻞ اﻟﻘﻴﻤ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻷﺻ‪jj‬ﻐﺮ(‪ ،‬واﻟﻤ‪jj‬ﺪة ﺑ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﺜﻮاﻧﻲ‪.‬‬
‫اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤ‪jj‬ﺔ ‪ v-‬ﻟﻌ‪jj‬ﺮض إدﺧ‪jj‬ﺎﻻت إﺿ‪jj‬ﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺠ‪jj‬ﺪول ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﺪى إدﺧ‪j‬ﺎﻻت ﺟ‪j‬ﺪول اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ ﺳ‪j‬ﻤﺎت اﻟﻨﺸ‪j‬ﺮ واﻟﺘﻘ‪j‬ﺎدم‪.‬‬

‫اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﺎً‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻮم اﻹدﺧﺎﻻت ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﺎدم )اﻟﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻨ‪j‬ﺎزﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤ‪j‬ﺪة( وﻟﻜ‪j‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﺸﺮهﺎ )ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎء إﻋﻼﻧﺎت ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ اﻟﻤﻀ‪jjj‬ﻴﻔﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪jjj‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﻜ‪jjj‬ﻮﻳﻦ إدﺧ‪jj‬ﺎﻻت ﺟ‪jjj‬ﺪول اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴ‪ًjj‬ﺎ‬

‫وﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎدي ﻣﻦ إﻋﻼﻧﺎت ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6‬‬ ‫‪rtu Prefix IfIndex[/Address] [life‬‬

‫]‪Valid/]Preferred] [[preference P] [publish‬‬
‫]‪[age] [spl SitePrefixLength‬‬

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‫ﺗﻀﻴﻒ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬًﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺟﺪول اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ أو ﺗﺰﻳﻠ‪j‬ﻪ‪ .‬إن ﺑﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﻴﺎرﻳﺔ‪ .‬وﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺒﺎدﺋﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄ‪j‬ﺔ واﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ‪ .‬أﻣ‪j‬ﺎ اﻟﺒﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺎت‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﻓﺘﺘﻄﻠ‪j‬ﺐ واﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺔ وﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان اﻟﻘﻔ‪j‬ﺰة اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴ‪j‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜ‪j‬ﻦ أن‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻣﺪة ﺗﻘﺎس ﺑ‪j‬ﺎﻟﺜﻮاﻧﻲ )اﻟﻤ‪j‬ﺪة اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‪j‬ﻴﺔ ﻻﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴ‪j‬ﺔ(‬
‫وﺗﻔﻀﻴﻞ )اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‪j‬ﻴﺔ ه‪j‬ﻲ اﻟﺼ‪j‬ﻔﺮ‪ ،‬وه‪j‬ﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺴ‪j‬ﻨﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺪة إﻟﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﺑﺤﺬف اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫إذا ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺸﻮر)اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨ‪j‬ﺎء‬

‫إﻋﻼﻧ‪j‬ﺎت ﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ( ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺪهﺎ وﺑﺸ‪j‬ﻜﻞ اﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‪j‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻘ‪jj‬ﺎدم‪.‬‬
‫إن ﻣﺪة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬا ﻓﻬﻲ ﻻﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴ‪j‬ﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‪ًj‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﺪﻣﺎ ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ رﺳ‪j‬ﺎﺋﻞ اﻹﻋ‪j‬ﻼن اﻟﺨ‪j‬ﺎص ﺑﺠﻬ‪j‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤ‪jj‬ﺪة‪ .‬اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻳ ‪ًj‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳ‪jj‬ﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ أﻧ‪jj‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺸﻮر وﻳﺘﻘﺎدم‪ .‬اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﺎً‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮر ﻳﺘﻘ‪j‬ﺎدم‬
‫داﺋﻤًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺔ ‪ spl‬ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻗ‪j‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﻧ‪j‬ﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﻃ‪jj‬ﻮل ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ ﻓﻘ‪jj‬ﻂ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺪ إرﺳ‪jj‬ﺎل‬
‫إﻋﻼﻧﺎت ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪jjj‬ﻚ اﺧﺘﺼ‪jjj‬ﺎر ‪ lifetime‬إﻟ‪jjj‬ﻰ ‪ ،life‬و ‪ preference‬إﻟ‪jjj‬ﻰ‬

‫‪ ،pref‬و ‪ publish‬إﻟﻰ ‪.pub‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 spt‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮض ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺟﺪول ﺑﺎدﺋﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺒﺎدﺋﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎدﺋﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻗ‪j‬ﻊ‪ ،‬وﻣ‪j‬ﺪة‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎدﺋﺔ )ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻮاﻧﻲ( ﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﺎدﺋﺔ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻜ‪j‬ﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪j‬ﻊ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴ‪ًj‬ﺎ وﺑﺸ‪j‬ﻜﻞ ﻋ‪j‬ﺎدي ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ إﻋﻼﻧ‪j‬ﺎت‬

‫ﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻳ‪jjj‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻊ اﻟﺪاﻟ‪jjj‬ﺔ )(‪getaddrinfo‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫]‪ipv6 spu Prefix IfIndex [life L‬‬

‫‪421‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻀﻴﻒ ﺑﺎدﺋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول ﺑﺎدﺋﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ أو ﺗﺰﻳﻠﻬﺎ أو ﺗﺤﺪّﺛﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫إن ﻋ‪jj‬ﺪد اﻟﺒﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺎت واﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻏﻴ‪jj‬ﺮ اﺧﺘﻴ‪jj‬ﺎري‪ .‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ اﻓﺘ‪jj‬ﺮاض ﻣ‪jj‬ﺪة‬

‫ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻗ‪jj‬ﻊ )اﻟﻤﺤ‪jj‬ﺪد ﺑ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﺜﻮاﻧﻲ( إﻟ‪jj‬ﻰ ﻣ‪jj‬ﺪة ﻻﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺪ ﻋ‪jj‬ﺪم‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳ‪jj‬ﺪ اﻟﻤ‪jj‬ﺪة‪ .‬ﻳﺘﺴ‪jj‬ﺒﺐ إﻋﻄ‪jj‬ﺎء اﻟﻤ‪jj‬ﺪة اﻟﻘﻴﻤ‪jj‬ﺔ ﺻ‪jj‬ﻔﺮ ﺑﺤ‪jj‬ﺬف ﺑﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‪.‬‬

‫هﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﻠ‪j‬ﻮب ﻟﻠﺘﻜ‪j‬ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳ‪j‬ﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻀ‪j‬ﻴﻔﻴﻦ أو أﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺰة‬

‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 gp‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮض ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮوﺗﻮآﻮل ‪.IPv6‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 [-p] gpu DefaultCurHopLimit Hops‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺣﻘ‪j‬ﻞ ﺣ‪j‬ﺪ اﻟﻘﻔ‪j‬ﺰة ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ اﻟ‪j‬ﺮأس ‪ IPv6‬ﻟﻠﺤ‪j‬ﺰم اﻟﻤﺮﺳ‪j‬ﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﻘ‪j‬ﺪة‪ .‬اﻟﻘﻴﻤ‪j‬ﺔ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‪j‬ﻴﺔ ه‪j‬ﻲ ‪ .128‬ﻳﻤﻜ‪j‬ﻦ أن ﺗﺘﻐﻴ‪j‬ﺮ‬
‫هﺬﻩ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ رﺳﺎﺋﻞ إﻋﻼن ﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ أو اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘ‪j‬ﺎت‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺨﻴﺎر ‪ -p‬ﺑﺤﻔﻆ اﻹﻋﺪاد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 [-p] gpu‬‬ ‫‪UseAnonymousAddresses‬‬

‫]‪[yes|no|always|Counter‬‬

‫ﺗﺤ‪jjjj‬ﺪد أي ﻣ‪jjjj‬ﻦ اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﻮﻟ‪jjjj‬ﺔ ﻳ‪jjjj‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪jjjj‬ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ‪ .‬اﻟﻘﻴﻤ‪jjjj‬ﺔ‬

‫اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‪jjj‬ﻴﺔ ه‪jjj‬ﻲ ﻧﻌ‪jjj‬ﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﻘ‪jjj‬ﻮم اﻟﺨﻴ‪jjj‬ﺎر ‪ -p‬ﺑﺤﻔ‪jjj‬ﻆ اﻹﻋ‪jjj‬ﺪاد ﻓ‪jjj‬ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 [-p] gpu MaxAnonDADAttempts Number‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴ‪jj‬ﻴﻦ ﻋ‪jj‬ﺪد اﻟﻤ‪jj‬ﺮات اﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬ‪jj‬ﺎ اﻟﺘﺤﻘ‪jj‬ﻖ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ آ‪jj‬ﻮن اﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻬ‪jj‬ﻮل ﻓﺮﻳ‪jj‬ﺪ‪ .‬إن ﻋ‪jj‬ﺪد اﻟﻤﺤ‪jj‬ﺎوﻻت اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‪jj‬ﻲ ه‪jj‬ﻮ ‪ .5‬ﻳﻘ‪jj‬ﻮم‬
‫اﻟﺨﻴﺎر ‪ p-‬ﺑﺤﻔﻆ اﻹﻋﺪاد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪422‬‬
 ‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 [-p] gpu‬‬ ‫‪MaxAnonLifetime‬‬
‫]‪Valid[/Preferred‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴّﻦ اﻷﻋﻤﺎر اﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ واﻟﺼ‪j‬ﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨ‪j‬ﻮان اﻟﻤﺠﻬ‪j‬ﻮل‪ .‬إن اﻟﻤ‪j‬ﺪة‬

‫اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ هﻲ ﻳﻮم واﺣﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺨﻴﺎر ‪ -p‬ﺑﺤﻔﻆ ه‪j‬ﺬﻩ‬
‫اﻹﻋﺪادات ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 [-p] gpu AnonRegenerateTime Time‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴّﻦ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ )ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻮاﻧﻲ( ﻳﺘﻢ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ﺟﺪﻳ‪j‬ﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺠﻬ‪jj‬ﻮل‪ .‬اﻟﻘﻴﻤ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‪jj‬ﻴﺔ ه‪jj‬ﻲ ‪ 5‬ﺛ‪jj‬ﻮاﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﻘ‪jj‬ﻮم اﻟﺨﻴ‪jj‬ﺎر ‪-p‬‬
‫ﺑﺤﻔﻆ اﻹﻋﺪاد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 [-p] gpu MaxAnonRandomTime Time‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴّﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﻷﻗﺼﻰ وﻗﺖ ﻋﺸﻮاﺋﻲ ﻣﺠﻬﻮل‪ .‬إن اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬

‫اﻟﻌﺸ‪jj‬ﻮاﺋﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻬ‪jj‬ﻮل ه‪jj‬ﻮ اﻟﻔﺘ‪jj‬ﺮة اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻀ‪jj‬ﻴﺔ ﻗﺒ‪jj‬ﻞ اﻧﺘﻬ‪jj‬ﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺼ‪jj‬ﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻗ‪jj‬ﺖ اﻟﺼ‪jj‬ﺎﻟﺢ اﻟ‪jj‬ﺬي ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻓﻴ‪jj‬ﻪ ﻟﻠﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان اﻟﻤﺠﻬ‪jj‬ﻮل‬
‫إﻧﺸ‪jjj‬ﺎء ﻋﻨ‪jjj‬ﻮان ﻣﺠﻬ‪jjj‬ﻮل ﺟﺪﻳ‪jjj‬ﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﺨﺘ‪jjj‬ﺎر اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮآ‪jjj‬ﻮل ‪ IPv6‬ﻟ‪jjj‬ـ‬
‫‪ Windows XP‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺸﻮاﺋﻲ وﻗ‪j‬ﺖ ﻋﺸ‪j‬ﻮاﺋﻲ ﻣﺠﻬ‪j‬ﻮل ﺑ‪j‬ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻗ‪jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj‬ﻴﻢ ‪ AnonRandomTime‬و‬
‫‪ .MaxAnonRandomTime‬ﻳ‪jjj‬ﺘﻢ إﺟ‪jjj‬ﺮاء ﺗﻮﻗ‪jjj‬ﻊ ﻋﺸ‪jjj‬ﻮاﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻹﻋﺎدة إﻧﺸ‪j‬ﺎء ﻋﻨ‪j‬ﻮان ﻣﺠﻬ‪j‬ﻮل ﻟﻤﻨ‪j‬ﻊ اﻟﺼ‪j‬ﺪﻣﺎت ﻏﻴ‪j‬ﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﻏ‪j‬ﻮب‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬ‪jj‬ﺎ ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ ﺣﺮآ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻣ‪jj‬ﺮور اﻟﺸ‪jj‬ﺒﻜﺔ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺼ‪jj‬ﺒﺢ ﻋ‪jj‬ﺪد آﺒﻴ‪jj‬ﺮ ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨ‪jjjj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﻮﻟ‪jjjj‬ﺔ ﻏﻴ‪jjjj‬ﺮ ﺻ‪jjjj‬ﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﺑ‪jjjj‬ﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗ‪jjjj‬ﺖ‪ .‬اﻟﻘﻴﻤ‪jjjj‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﺔ هﻲ ‪ 10‬دﻗﺎﺋﻖ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺨﻴ‪j‬ﺎر ‪ -p‬ﺑﺤﻔ‪j‬ﻆ اﻹﻋ‪j‬ﺪاد ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 [-p] gpu AnonRandomTime Time‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴّﻦ آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻮاﻧﻲ ﻷدﻧﻰ وﻗﺖ ﻋﺸﻮاﺋﻲ ﻣﺠﻬﻮل‪ .‬اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬

‫اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‪jj‬ﻴﺔ ه‪jj‬ﻲ ‪ 0‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻘ‪jj‬ﻮم اﻟﺨﻴ‪jj‬ﺎر ‪ -p‬ﺑﺤﻔ‪jj‬ﻆ اﻹﻋ‪jj‬ﺪاد ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪423‬‬
 ‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 [-p] gpu NeighborCacheLimit Number‬‬

‫ﺗﻌ‪j‬ﻴّﻦ أﻗﺼ‪jj‬ﻰ ﻋ‪jj‬ﺪد ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ اﻹدﺧ‪jj‬ﺎﻻت ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻣﺨ‪jj‬ﺰن اﻟﺠ‪jj‬ﻮار اﻟﻤﺆﻗ‪jj‬ﺖ‬

‫ﻟﻜﻞ واﺟﻬﺔ‪ .‬اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﺔ هﻲ ‪ 8‬إدﺧ‪j‬ﺎﻻت‪ .‬ﻳﻘ‪j‬ﻮم اﻟﺨﻴ‪j‬ﺎر ‪-‬‬
‫‪ p‬ﺑﺤﻔﻆ اﻹﻋﺪاد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 [-p] gpu RouteCacheLimit Number‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴّﻦ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻹدﺧﺎﻻت ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺰن اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ اﻟﻤﺆﻗ‪j‬ﺖ‬

‫ﻟﻜﻞ واﺟﻬﺔ‪ .‬اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﺔ هﻲ ‪ 32‬إدﺧﺎل‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺨﻴ‪j‬ﺎر ‪-p‬‬
‫ﺑﺤﻔﻆ اﻹﻋﺪاد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 ppt‬‬

‫ﺗﻌ‪jj‬ﺮض ﺟ‪jj‬ﺪول ﻧﻬ‪jj‬ﺞ اﻟﺒﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻳ‪jj‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ﺟ‪jj‬ﺪول ﻧﻬ‪jj‬ﺞ اﻟﺒﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺔ‬

‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻨُﻬﺞ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ واﻟﻤﺼﺪر‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipv6 ppu Prefix precedence PrecedenceValue‬‬

‫‪srclabel SourceLabelValue [dstlabel‬‬
‫]‪DestinationLabelValue‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺪول ﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﺒﺎدﺋ‪j‬ﺔ ﺑ‪j‬ﺎﻟﻨﻬﺞ اﻟ‪j‬ﺬي ﻳﺤ‪j‬ﺪد اﻟﺘﻔﻀ‪j‬ﻴﻞ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻤ‪j‬ﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺘﺴ‪jjj‬ﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼ‪jjj‬ﺪر )‪ ،(SourceLabelValue‬و ﻗﻴﻤ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﺗﺴ‪jjj‬ﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ )‪ .(DestinationLabelValue‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻺدﺧﺎﻻت ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺟ‪jj‬ﺪول ﻧﻬ‪jj‬ﺞ اﻟﺒﺎدﺋ‪jj‬ﺔ ﺗﻌ‪jj‬ﺪﻳﻞ ﺳ‪jj‬ﻠﻮك ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺼ‪jjj‬ﺪر‪ .‬ﻟﻤﺰﻳ‪jjj‬ﺪ ﻣ‪jjj‬ﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪jjj‬ﺎت‪ ،‬راﺟ‪jjj‬ﻊ ﻣﺴ‪jjj‬ﻮدة إﻧﺘﺮﻧ‪jjj‬ﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎة "ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ‪".IPv6‬‬

‫•‬ ‫]‪ipv6 renew [IfIndex‬‬

‫ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ‪ IPv6‬ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت‪ .‬إذا ﺗ‪j‬ﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳ‪j‬ﺪ رﻗ‪j‬ﻢ ﻓﻬ‪j‬ﺮس‬

‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻀﻴﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧ‪j‬ﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴ‪ًj‬ﺎ ﺑﺈرﺳ‪j‬ﺎل رﺳ‪j‬ﺎﺋﻞ 'اﻻﺗﺼ‪j‬ﺎل‬
‫ﺑﺠﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ' ﻋﻠ‪jjj‬ﻰ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳ‪jjj‬ﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﺗ‪jjj‬ﺘﻢ إﻋ‪jjj‬ﺎدة ﺗﻜ‪jjj‬ﻮﻳﻦ‬

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‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳ‪j‬ﺎس رﺳ‪j‬ﺎﺋﻞ إﻋ‪j‬ﻼن ﺟﻬ‪j‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪j‬ﻪ' اﻟﻤﺴ‪j‬ﺘﻠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴ‪jjj‬ﺒﺔ ﻟﺠﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪jjj‬ﺘﻢ إرﺳ‪jjj‬ﺎل رﺳ‪jjj‬ﺎﺋﻞ 'إﻋ‪jjj‬ﻼن ﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺎز‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ' ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻹرﺳﺎل إﻟﻰ آﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪Ipsec6.exe‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪ Ipsec6.exe‬ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻧُﻬﺞ ‪ IPSec‬واﻗﺘﺮاﻧﺎت اﻷﻣﺎن‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﺪى ‪ Ipsec6.exe‬ﻋﺪة أواﻣ‪j‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟ‪j‬ﺪى آ‪j‬ﻞ ﻣﻨﻬ‪j‬ﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ‪j‬ﺔ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤ‪j‬ﺎت‬

‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫]‪ipsec6 sp[Interface‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮض اﻟﻨُﻬﺞ اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻟﻸﻣﺎن‪ .‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎوب ﺗﻌﺮض اﻟﻨُﻬﺞ اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻸﻣﺎن ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipsec6 sa‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮض اﻗﺘﺮاﻧﺎت اﻷﻣﺎن اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipsec6 l FileNameWithNoExtension‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﻤّﻞ ﻧﻬ‪j‬ﺞ اﻷﻣ‪j‬ﺎن ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ‪ ،FileName .spd‬واﻗﺘﺮاﻧ‪j‬ﺎت اﻷﻣ‪j‬ﺎن‬

‫ﻣﻦ ‪..spd FileName‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ipsec6 s FileNameWithNoExtension‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﻔ‪jj‬ﻆ ﻧُﻬ‪jj‬ﺞ اﻷﻣ‪jj‬ﺎن اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻟ‪jj‬ـ ‪ ،FileName .spd‬واﻗﺘﺮاﻧ‪jj‬ﺎت‬

‫اﻷﻣ‪jjj‬ﺎن اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻟ‪jjj‬ـ ‪ .FileName .spd‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪jjj‬ﻚ اﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ه‪jjj‬ﺬا‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻧﻬﺞ اﻷﻣﺎن واﻗﺘﺮاﻧﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻣﺎن‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد أﻳﺔ ﻧُﻬ‪j‬ﺞ أﻣ‪j‬ﺎن أو اﻗﺘﺮاﻧ‪j‬ﺎت أﻣ‪j‬ﺎن‪ ،‬ﻳﻘ‪j‬ﻮم‬
‫هﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎء ‪ FileName .spd‬ﻟﻨﻬﺞ اﻷﻣﺎن وﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎء‬
‫‪ FileName .spd‬ﻻﻗﺘﺮاﻧ‪jjj‬ﺎت اﻷﻣ‪jjj‬ﺎن‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪jjj‬ﻚ اﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ه‪jjj‬ﺬﻩ‬

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‫اﻟﻤﻠﻔ‪jj‬ﺎت آﻘﻮاﻟ‪jj‬ﺐ ﻟﺘﻜ‪jj‬ﻮﻳﻦ ﻧُﻬ‪jj‬ﺞ اﻷﻣ‪jj‬ﺎن اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑ‪jj‬ﺔ أو اﻗﺘﺮاﻧ‪jj‬ﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻣﺎن ﺑﺘﻌﺪﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺤﺮر ﻧﺼﻮص‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫]‪ipsec6 d [sp | sa] [Index‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺬف ﻧُﻬﺞ اﻷﻣﺎن )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤ‪j‬ﺔ ‪ (sp‬أو اﻗﺘﺮاﻧ‪j‬ﺎت اﻷﻣ‪j‬ﺎن‬

‫)ﺑﺎﺳ‪jjjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤ‪jjjj‬ﺔ ‪ (sa‬ﻣ‪jjjj‬ﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪jjjj‬ﺔ ﻧُﻬ‪jjjj‬ﺞ اﻷﻣ‪jjjj‬ﺎن اﻟﻨﺸ‪jjjj‬ﻄﺔ‬
‫واﻗﺘﺮاﻧﺎت اﻷﻣﺎن‪ ،‬آﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪدﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ رﻗﻢ اﻟﻔﻬﺮس‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪ ipsec6 sp‬أو ‪ ipsec6 sa‬ﻟﻌﺮض رﻗﻢ اﻟﻔﻬﺮس‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫]‪ipsec6 m[on | of‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺪد ﻓﻴﻤ‪j‬ﺎ إذا آﺎﻧ‪j‬ﺖ اﻟﺘﺤ‪j‬ﺪﻳﺜﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﺴ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ أﺟ‪j‬ﻞ‬

‫‪ IPv6‬اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك ﻣﺤﻤﻴ‪j‬ﺔ ﻣ‪j‬ﻦ ﻗﺒ‪j‬ﻞ أﻣ‪j‬ﺎن ‪ .IP‬ﻳ‪j‬ﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﻜ‪j‬ﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳ‪j‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪Ping6.exe‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪jjjjj‬ﻚ اﺳ‪jjjjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ‪ Ping6.exe‬ﻹرﺳ‪jjjjj‬ﺎل رﺳ‪jjjjj‬ﺎﺋﻞ ﻃﻠ‪jjjjj‬ﺐ اﻻرﺗ‪jjjjj‬ﺪاد‬

‫‪ ICMPv6‬ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴ‪j‬ﺬ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‪j‬ﺎت ﺗﺸ‪j‬ﺨﻴﺺ اﻟﺸ‪j‬ﺒﻜﺔ وﻻﺧﺘﺒ‪j‬ﺎر ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴ‪j‬ﺔ اﻟﻮﺻ‪j‬ﻮل‬
‫إﻟﻰ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﺪى ‪ Ping6.exe‬ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ping6 [-t-] [a-] [n Count-] [l Size-] [w Timeout-] [s‬‬

‫}]‪SrcAddr-] [r [{Name|Dest[%ScopeID‬‬

‫أﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺗﻘﻮم ‪ -t‬ﺑﺈﺟﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ping‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد إﻟﻰ أن ﺗﺘﻢ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ اﻷداة ‪.Ping6‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮم ‪ -a‬ﺑﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ إﻟﻰ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﻘ‪jjj‬ﻮم ‪ -n‬ﺑﺈرﺳ‪jjj‬ﺎل رﻗ‪jjj‬ﻢ رﺳ‪jjj‬ﺎﺋﻞ ﻃﻠ‪jjj‬ﺐ اﻻرﺗ‪jjj‬ﺪاد اﻟﻤﺤ‪jjj‬ﺪدة ﻓ‪jjj‬ﻲ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ .Count‬اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ هﻮ ‪.4‬‬

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‫ﺗﻘﻮم ‪ -l‬ﺑﺈرﺳﺎل رﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻃﻠﺐ اﻻرﺗﺪاد اﻟﺘ‪j‬ﻲ ﺗﺤﺘ‪j‬ﻮي ﻋﻠ‪j‬ﻰ آﻤﻴ‪j‬ﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺤ‪j‬ﺪدة ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ ‪ Length‬اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‪j‬ﻲ ه‪j‬ﻮ ‪ 32‬ﺑﺎﻳ‪j‬ﺖ‪،‬‬
‫واﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ هﻮ ‪ 65,527‬ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘ‪jjjj‬ﻮم ‪ -w‬ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳ‪jjjj‬ﺪ ﻓﺎﺻ‪jjjj‬ﻞ اﻟﻤﻬﻠ‪jjjj‬ﺔ اﻟﺰﻣﻨ‪jjjj‬ﻲ ﺑ‪jjjj‬ﺎﻟﻤﻴﻠﻠﻲ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‪jjjj‬ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ هﻮ ‪.4000‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮم ‪ -s‬ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻓﻲ رﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻃﻠﺐ اﻻرﺗ‪j‬ﺪاد‪ .‬ه‪j‬ﺬا‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ ذات اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘ‪jjj‬ﻮم ‪ -r‬ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳ‪jjj‬ﺪ أﻧ‪jjj‬ﻪ ﺗ‪jjj‬ﻢ اﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام رأس ﻣﻠﺤ‪jjj‬ﻖ ﺗﻮﺟﻴ‪jjj‬ﻪ ‪IPv6‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻹرﺳﺎل رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻃﻠﺐ اﻻرﺗﺪاد إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻀ‪j‬ﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪j‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ آﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺤﺪد ‪ Name‬اﺳﻢ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻳﺤﺪد ‪Dest‬اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻳﺤ‪jjj‬ﺪد ‪ ScopeID‬ﻧﻄ‪jjj‬ﺎق أو ﻣﻨﻄﻘ‪jjj‬ﺔ اﻟﻮﺟﻬ‪jjj‬ﺔ ﻟﺮﺳ‪jjj‬ﺎﺋﻞ ﻃﻠ‪jjj‬ﺐ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻻرﺗﺪاد‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻻرﺗﺒ‪j‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪j‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜ‪j‬ﻮن ‪ScopeID‬‬
‫ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳًﺎ ﻟﻔﻬ‪jj‬ﺮس اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ ،‬آﻤ‪jj‬ﺎ ﺗ‪jj‬ﻢ اﻟﻌ‪jj‬ﺮض ﻓ ‪j‬ﻲ إﺧ‪jj‬ﺮاج اﻷﻣ‪jj‬ﺮ‬
‫‪ .ipv6 if‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪j‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪j‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜ‪j‬ﻮن ‪ScopeID‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎوﻳًﺎ ﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬آﻤﺎ ﺗ‪j‬ﻢ ﻋﺮﺿ‪j‬ﻪ ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ إﺧ‪j‬ﺮاج اﻷﻣ‪j‬ﺮ ‪ipv6‬‬
‫‪ .if‬إذا ﻟ‪jjj‬ﻢ ﻳ‪jjj‬ﺘﻢ اﺳ‪jjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪jjj‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻌ‪jjj‬ﺪدة‪ ،‬ﻓ‪jjj‬ﺈن ‪ScopeID‬‬
‫ﻟﻌﻨ‪jj‬ﻮاﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪jj‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪jj‬ﺔ ﻏﻴ‪jj‬ﺮ ﻣﻄﻠ‪jj‬ﻮب‪ .‬إن ‪ ScopeID‬ﻏﻴ‪jj‬ﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪Tracert6.exe‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‪jjjj‬ﻚ اﺳ‪jjjj‬ﺘﺨﺪام ‪ Tracert6.exe‬ﻹرﺳ‪jjjj‬ﺎل رﺳ‪jjjj‬ﺎﺋﻞ ﻃﻠ‪jjjj‬ﺐ اﻻرﺗ‪jjjj‬ﺪاد‬

‫‪ ICMPv6‬ﻻآﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ واﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ وﻋﺮﺿﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﺪى ‪ Tracert6.exe‬ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪tracert6 [-d-] [h MaximumHops-] [w Timeout-] [s‬‬

‫}]‪SrcAddr-] [r [{Name|Dest[%ScopeID‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

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‫ﺗﻘ‪jj‬ﻮم ‪ -d‬ﺑﻤﻨ‪jj‬ﻊ ﺗﻨﻔﻴ‪jj‬ﺬ اﺳ‪jj‬ﺘﻌﻼم ﻋﻜ‪jj‬ﺲ ‪ DNS‬ﻋﻠ‪jj‬ﻰ آ‪jj‬ﻞ ﻋﻨ‪jj‬ﻮان‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘ‪jj‬ﻮم ‪ -h‬ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳ‪jj‬ﺪ أﻗﺼ‪jj‬ﻰ ﻋ‪jj‬ﺪد ﻣ‪jj‬ﻦ اﻟﻘﻔ‪jj‬ﺰات اﻟﺘ‪jj‬ﻲ ﻳﻤﻜ‪jj‬ﻦ ﻟﺤ‪jj‬ﺰم‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ tracert‬اﺟﺘﻴﺎزهﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘ‪jjjj‬ﻮم ‪ -w‬ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳ‪jjjj‬ﺪ ﻓﺎﺻ‪jjjj‬ﻞ اﻟﻤﻬﻠ‪jjjj‬ﺔ اﻟﺰﻣﻨ‪jjjj‬ﻲ ﺑ‪jjjj‬ﺎﻟﻤﻴﻠﻠﻲ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‪jjjj‬ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ هﻮ ‪.4000‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮم ‪ -s‬ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻓﻲ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻃﻠﺐ اﻻرﺗﺪاد‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮم ‪ -r‬ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ رأس ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ‪ IPv6‬اﻟﺬي ﺳ‪j‬ﻴﺘﻢ اﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻹرﺳﺎل رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻃﻠﺐ اﻻرﺗﺪاد إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻀ‪j‬ﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪j‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺳ‪j‬ﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮم ‪ Name‬ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮم ‪ Dest‬ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺗﻘﻮم ‪ ScopeID‬ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻄﺎق أو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﺮﺳ‪j‬ﺎﺋﻞ ﻃﻠ‪j‬ﺐ‬

‫اﻻرﺗﺪاد‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻻرﺗﺒ‪j‬ﺎط اﻟﻤﺤﻠ‪j‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜ‪j‬ﻮن ‪ScopeID‬‬
‫ﻣﺴ‪jj‬ﺎوﻳًﺎ ﻟﻔﻬ‪jj‬ﺮس اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ‪jj‬ﺔ‪ ،‬آﻤ‪jj‬ﺎ ﺗ‪jj‬ﻢ ﻋﺮﺿ‪jj‬ﻪ ﻓ‪jj‬ﻲ إﺧ‪jj‬ﺮاج اﻷﻣ‪jj‬ﺮ‬
‫‪ .ipv6 if‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‪j‬ﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‪j‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜ‪j‬ﻮن ‪ScopeID‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎوﻳًﺎ ﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬آﻤﺎ ﺗ‪j‬ﻢ ﻋﺮﺿ‪j‬ﻪ ﻓ‪j‬ﻲ إﺧ‪j‬ﺮاج اﻷﻣ‪j‬ﺮ ‪ipv6‬‬
‫‪ .if‬إن ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﻣﺘﻌ‪j‬ﺪدة‪ ،‬ﻓ‪j‬ﺈن ‪ ScopeID‬ﻟﻌﻨ‪j‬ﺎوﻳﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﻠ‪j‬ﻮب‪ .‬ﻳﻜ‪j‬ﻮن ‪ ScopeID‬ﻏﻴ‪j‬ﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑ‪ًj‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ هﻲ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‪.‬‬

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