QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

SABADO, CHELSEA PEARL C.

BSCRIM 3D CHEM101

FORENSIC CHEMISTRY & TOXICOLOGY

LABORATORY REPORT
ACTIVITY 2

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL BLOOD

Animal Blood Human Blood

I.
ABSTRACT

The objective of this laboratory experiment aims to understand the comparison

between human blood and animal blood (chicken blood). To have basic knowledge
about cells. The three main categories of blood cells that play a vital role by performing
various functions. The methods and procedures that is made during the laboratory to
observe the comparison on the similarities and differences of human blood and animal
blood. That blood can be differentiated chemically through several methods.

II. INTRODUCTION

A cell is the basic unit of life in all living organisms. It is the smallest unit that
has the ability to perform all the functions necessary to sustain life. There are many
types of cells in the body, including blood cells, skin cells, nerve cells, muscle cells,
and more.
Blood cells, also known as blood corpuscles, are a type of cell that is specifically
found in the blood. There are three main categories of blood cells: red blood cells
(erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes). They play a
vital role in maintaining the health of the body by performing various functions. These
functions are specific to blood cells and not performed by other types of cells in the
body.

In this laboratory report, we compare the human blood with that of chicken
blood based on what we have observe in our laboratory activity.
 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

III. MATERIALS/METHOD

Human blood samples

Chicken blood samples
Microscope
Glass slide
Blood glucose lancet
Knife

The experiment involved collecting blood samples from both humans and chicken.
The blood samples were then processed and analyzed using of microscopy.

IV. PROCEDURE

Collection of blood samples: Human blood samples were obtained from consenting
volunteer, while chicken blood samples were freshly collected from the recently died
chicken.
Preparation of blood samples: The blood samples were carefully handled to avoid
contamination.
Microscopic analysis: A small amount of blood was placed on a glass slide and
examined under a microscope to observe the components of the blood.

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Animal Blood (Chicken Blood) Human Blood

Based on the results, I have observed that blood appears to be a red liquid to
the naked eye, but under a microscope we can see that it contains four distinct
elements: platelets, plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells but the
magnification of the microscope is not enough to determine the other elements of the
blood. When I look at the microscope I saw round-to-ovoid cells flowing which is what
called plasma cells. These natural movements of cells are defined by the ambient
temperature—the cell membrane of the blood cells moves because molecules in the
vicinity jog it. Under the microscope, this makes the blood cells appear to be wriggling.
I did also observe that the blood of the chicken is thicker than the blood of human
when coagulated, or maybe it is because of the amount of blood placed on a glass
slide. After blood coagulation, it is noticeable that there is a liquid or undiluted part of
 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

the blood on both picture that is pale yellow in color and transparent which lacks
clotting factors that is called serum.

Animal Blood Human Blood

(Chicken blood)

Erythrocytes are nucleated Erythrocytes are anucleated

Both contains:

Erythrocytes: Elongated Plasma Erythrocytes: A biconcave

cells with an oval nucleus flattened disc in the mature
Red blood cells
state lacking a nucleus and
White blood cells cell organelles.

Leukocytes: Heterophils Platelets Leukocytes: Neutrophils

Similarities

In my additional research, the Venn diagram above shows some differences and
similarities of animal blood and human blood. Human and chicken blood cells differ in
their physical and structural characteristics. Chicken red blood cells are nucleated-
can undergo mitosis (process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then
segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division), oval-
shaped, and smaller than human red blood cells which is anucleated-mature RBCs
are flexible, oval, biconcave disks that lack cell nuclei, organelles, and ribosomes.

Additionally, avian (chicken) blood cells have unique granules in their white
blood cells called "heterophils" that play a role in the chicken’s immune response.
Conversely, human white blood cells have granules called "neutrophils" that play a
similar role in our immune system. Overall, while there are similarities between the
blood cells of humans and chickens, there are also notable differences in their
structure and function.
 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

VI. CONCLUSION

The comparative analysis of human blood and chicken blood is not that reliable
in just a mere observation, it can be differentiated chemically using several methods.
Some of the most common methods include:

Hemoglobin analysis: Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries
oxygen. Human hemoglobin is composed of four protein subunits, while chicken
hemoglobin is composed of two subunits. Hemoglobin analysis can be performed using
electrophoresis or mass spectrometry, which can separate and identify the different
types of hemoglobin.

Blood group analysis: Blood groups in humans are determined by the presence
or absence of certain antigens on the surface of red blood cells. Chickens have
different blood group systems than humans, and analysis of these blood groups can
be used to differentiate between human and chicken blood.

Blood cell morphology: The shape and size of red blood cells can be used to
differentiate between human and chicken blood. Human red blood cells are biconcave
disks, while chicken red blood cells are oval or elongated.

DNA analysis: DNA analysis can be used to differentiate between human and
chicken blood. Blood samples can be analyzed for specific genetic markers that are
unique to humans or chickens.

Enzyme analysis: Enzymes in blood can also be used to differentiate human

and chicken blood. For example, human blood contains the enzyme lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH), while chicken blood does not.

It's worth noting that these methods require specialized equipment and lab
analysis, and should be performed by trained professionals. In this way, it can reveal who the
blood belongs to.