PW Only IAS Prelims 2024 Test 2 With Solution

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Prelims Wallah
Test
Test-2 of 38
(Modern History NCERT)
TARGET 2024
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Prelims Wallah Test 2024

Test 2: Modern India NCERT Test
1. Which of the following statements is/are 3. Consider the following:
correct regarding Brahmo Samaj? 1. James Mill
1. It opposed idolatry. 2. Nathaniel Brassey Halhed
2. It aimed to spread the knowledge of 3. Thomas Babington Macaulay
Western education in the country and How many of the above opposed the
bring about greater Orientalist vision of learning ?

(a) Only one
3. freedom and equality for women.
(b) Only two
4. It condemned the practise of Sati as it had
(c) All three
no sanction in ancient texts.
(d) None
Select the correct answer using the codes
given below:
4. Consider the following statements with
(a) 1 only
reference to the various strategies that
(b) 1 and 2 only
Zamindars employed to resist the high
(c) 3 only
revenue demands of the British East India
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Company in Bengal during the late 18th
century:
2. Which of the following did J. Nagappa
1. Fictitious sales involved transferring
identify as the primary factor responsible for
property to women to avoid Company
the sufferings endured by the Depressed
takeovers.
Castes?
2. The strategy included manipulating
(a) Their numerical insignificance within
auctions and allowing unpaid balances to
society
accumulate.
(b) Their reluctance to integrate into
3. When other people (apart from
mainstream culture
Zamindars) acquired land, taking
(c) The systematic marginalisation
possession of the land was made
perpetuated by caste norms
extremely difficult.
(d) Limited access to adequate healthcare
facilities
Which of the statements given above is/are 7. Which one of the following Indian National
correct? Congress sessions witnessed the acceptance
(a) 1 and 2 only of "Purna Swaraj" as the goal?
(b) 2 and 3 only (a) Madras Congress Session 1927
(c) 1 and 3 only (b) Bombay Congress Session 1930
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) Lahore Congress Session 1929
(d) Lucknow Congress Session 1928
5. Whose petition was adopted by British
officials, and a law was passed in 1856 8. Consider the following pair of personalities
permitting widow remarriage ? and their contributions:
(a) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (Personalities) (Contributions)
(b) Raja Ram Mohan roy 1. Veerasalingam Association for
(c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati Pantulu Widow

Remarriage in
(d) Jyotibai Phule
Telugu Areas.
6. Consider the following: 2. Pandita Widow’s Home in
1. Release of political prisoners Ramabai Allahabad
2. Coastal salt production permitted for 3. Mumtaz Ali Argued for
personal consumption Women’s
3. Separate electorates for the Depressed education
Classes 4. Periyar Self Respect
How many of the above were the provisions Movement
of “Gandhi-Irwin Pact”? Which of the pairs given above is/are
(a) Only one correctly matched?
(b) Only two (a) 4 only
(c) All three (b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) None (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All of the Above
9. Who among the following proposed that Which of the pairs given above is/are
shudras (labouring castes) and Ati Shudras incorrectly matched?
(untouchables) should unite to challenge (a) 1 only
caste discrimination ? (b) 1 and 2 only
(a) Dr. B. R Ambedkar (c) 2 and 3 only
(b) Shri Narayana Guru (d) 3 only
(c) Mahatma Gandhi

12. With reference to the making of the
(d) Jyotirao Phule
Constituent Assembly, consider the
following statements:
10. Consider the following statements:
1. The members of the Constituent
1. Annexation of awadh displaced both the
Assembly were elected on the basis of
Nawab and Taluqdars
universal adult franchise.
2. The first British settlement in the region
2. The Provincial Legislatures chose their
of Awadh immediately after its
representatives to the Constituent
annexation was permanent settlement.
Assembly.
3. The entire social order broke down due
3. The Muslim League boycotted the
to the dispossession of Taluqdars.
Constituent Assembly.
How many of the above are correct with
Which of the statements given above is/are
reference to the annexation of Awadh?
correct?
(a) Only one
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) Only two
(b) 2 only
(c) All three
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) None
(d) 1, 2 and 3
11. Consider the following pairs of Movements

13. Who among the following is considered the
and associated founders:
'Political Mentor' of Mahatma Gandhi?"
Movements Founders
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
1. Satnami Movement Ghasidas
(b) Lala Lajpat Rai
2. Matua Sect Haridas Thakur
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
3. Self-Respect Shri Narayan
(d) Madan Mohan Malaviya
Movment Guru
14. Consider the following statements: 16. Where did Gandhiji make his significant
1. The executive was made responsible to public appearance in February 1916?
the provincial legislature under the (a) Indian National Congress session
Government of India Act of 1919. (b) Bardoli Satyagraha
2. Under the Government of India Act (c) Champaran Satyagraha
1935, provincial legislatures were (d) Banaras Hindu University
responsible to the British-appointed
Governor. 17. Consider the following statements regarding
Which of the statements given above is/are Damin-i-Koh:
correct? 1. Damin-i-Koh was declared the Land of
(a) 1 only the Santhals.
(b) 2 only 2. Santhals were to occupy it, practise
(c) Both 1 and 2 ploughed agriculture, and become settled
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 peasants.
15. Consider the following: Which of the above statements are correct?
1. Madrasa was set up in 1781 in Calcutta (a) 1 only
to promote the study of Arabic and (b) 2 only
Persian. (c) Both 1 and 2
2. Hindu College was established in (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Benaras in 1854 to encourage the study

18. With reference to the Indian freedom
of European languages.
struggle, consider the following events:
1. Kheda Satyagraha
correct?
2. Ahmedabad Mill Strike
(a) 1 only
3. Champaran Satyagraha
(b) 2 only
What is the correct chronological sequence of
(c) Both 1 and 2
the above events ?
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 1-2-3
(b) 3-1-2
(c) 2-3-1
(d) 3-2-1
19. Consider the following: 22. 'He believed that fostering creative learning
1. Jallianwala Bagh massacre required a natural environment, prompting
2. Rowlatt Act him to establish his school 100 kilometres
3. Chauri Chaura incident away from Calcutta, surrounded by rural
How many of the above events served as landscapes. He saw it as an abode of peace ,
catalysts for the Non-Cooperation where living in harmony with nature,
Movement? children could cultivate their natural
(a) Only one creativity.’
(b) Only two Who amongst the following personalities is
(c) All three best described by the passage given above?
(d) None (a) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(b) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
20. “He was a Scottish economist and a political
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
philosopher who divided Indian History into
(d) Rabindra Nath tagore
three periods- Hindu, Muslim, and British in
his book ‘A History of British India’ and 23. A mutiny broke out in the ranks of the Royal
according to him, all Asian civilizations were Indian Navy in 1946, in which of the
at a lower level than European civilization.”. following cities?
Who among the following philosophers is 1. Bombay
correctly described in the above paragraph? 2. Vizagapatnam
(a) James Mill 3. Karachi
(b) Adam Smith Select the correct answer from the codes
(c) John Maynard Keynes given below.
(d) David Ricardo (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
21. In the context of Indian political secularism,
(c) 1, 2, and 3.
what describes the relationship between the
(d) 1 and 3 only
State and religion?
(a) Complete separation of State from
religion
(b) Judicious distance between State and
religion
(c) Close integration of State and religion
(d) Absolute control of religion by the State
24. With reference to the ‘Orientalists’, consider 26. Which one of the following objectives best
the following statements: describes Mahatma Gandhi’s campaign for
1. They were European scholars who the popularisation of the charkha?
advocated for English education in India (a) To facilitate the advancement of a
2. British Orientalists believed that the technologically progressive society
British would be both guardians and (b) To supplant conventional implements
masters of Indian culture. with contemporary machinery
3. Henry Thomas Colebrooke and William (c) To support manufacturing industries
Jones were the Orientalists. owned by Indians
Which of the statements given above is/are (d) To discourage glorification of machines
correct? and foster self-reliance
(a) 1 and 3 only
27. With reference to Subsidiary Alliance,
(b) 2 only
consider the following statements:
(c) 2 and 3 only
1. At least fifty percent of the army of
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Indian rulers entering the alliance should
25. Consider the following events: be European soldiers.
1. Wavell Plan 2. The Indian ruler had to pay for
2. Cabinet Mission maintenance of the Company’s
3. Cripps Mission subsidiary forces stationed within his
What is the correct chronological sequence of territory.
the above events ? Which of the statements given above is/are
(a) 1-2-3 correct?
(b) 3-1-2 (a) 1 only
(c) 2-3-1 (b) 2 only
(d) 3-2-1 (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
28. With reference to the report of the Language 30. Consider the following statements :
Committee of the Constituent Assembly, 1. Under the Queen's Charter of 1600, no
consider the following statements: other trading Company in Europe except
1. Hindi in the Devanagari script would be the East India Company could trade with
the National language. the East.
2. English would remain the designated 2. The East India Company was the first
language for all official purposes during European power to enter India through
the initial fifteen years. the Western coast.
3. Each province could select a regional Which of the statements given above is/are
language for its official work. correct?
Which of the statements given above is/are (a) 1 only
correct? (b) 2 only
(a) 1 and 3 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) 1 only
31. “Oru Jati, Oru Matam, Oru Daivam
(d) 2 and 3 only
Manushyanu” (one caste, one religion, one
29. With reference to the Vernacular education in god for humankind).
British India, consider the following Which personality is associated with the
statements: above slogan?
1. William Adam reported about Pathshalas (a) Jyotirao Phule
in Bengal and Bihar to the Company. (b) Shri Narayana Guru
2. The Government pandits were appointed (c) E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker
by the Company to improve the quality (d) Veerasalingam Pantulu
of teaching.
3. All the Pathshalas were supported
1. The English factory in Bengal was set up
through government grants.
in 1651.
How many of the statements given above are
2. Zamindari rights for the village of
correct?
Kalikata were provided to the East India
(a) Only one
Company by Murshid Quli Khan.
(b) Only two
3. Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb's Farman
(c) All three
empowered the British traders to carry on
(d) None
private trade without paying taxes in

Bengal only.
How many of the above statements are
34. Regarding the Treaty of Salbai, which of the
correct?
following statements is correct?
(a) Only one
(a) The various Maratha sardars were held
(b) Only two
together in a confederacy with the
(c) All three
Peshwa as the head under this treaty.
(d) None
(b) It ended the first Anglo-Maratha war.
33. Consider the following statements : (c) It provided the company with control
Statement I: The outflow of gold from Britain over territories north of the Yamuna
to India reduced significantly after the Battle River.
of Plassey. (d) It ended the third Anglo-Maratha war,
Statement II: The revenues collected by the with the British gaining control over
Company from Bengal were used to buy territories south of the Vindhyas.
cotton and silk textiles in India, and for other
35. Rani Channamma led an anti British protest
ancillary expenses in India.
in the first half of the 19th century; she
belonged to the present day state of :
Which of the following is correct in respect
(a) Andhra Pradesh
of the above statements?
(b) Telangana
(a) Statement I is correct, Statement II is
(c) Karnataka
correct, and Statement II is the correct
(d) Tamil Nadu
reason for Statement I.
(b) Statement I is correct, Statement II is
36. Consider the following statements regarding
correct, and Statement II is not the
the Doctrine of Lapse :
correct reason for Statement I.
1. It was widely used during the tenure of
(c) Statement I is correct, Statement II is
Lord Dalhousie as governor a general.
incorrect.
2. Under it, the British could annex any
(d) Statement I is incorrect, Statement II is
Indian territory on the grounds of
correct.
misgovernment, particularly when the
ruler had lost trust of his subjects.
3. Punjab was the first state annexed under
this policy.
How many of the above statements are 39. Consider the following:
correct? 1. John Mathai
(a) Only one 2. C Rajagopalachari
(b) Only two 3. Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) All three 4. C.H. Bhabha
(d) None How many of the above were members of the
interim government?
37. Consider the following statements regarding
(a) Only one
the justice system under Warren Hastings :
(b) Only two
1. European District Collectors were
(c) Only three
appointed to directly preside over both
(d) All four
Civil and Criminal courts in each district.
2. Indian Hindu laws were interpreted for 40. Which of the following was a leader of the
the European District Collectors by peasant movement who urged that the word
persons known as Muftis. minorities must be interpreted in economic
3. Sadar Nizamat Adalats were established terms?
in every district of Bengal Presidency as (a) Jagjivan Ram
a court of appeal. (b) R.V. Dhulekar
How many of the above statements are (c) N.G. Ranga
correct? (d) Govind Ballabh Pant
(a) Only one
41. With reference to the ‘Round Table
(b) Only two
Conferences’, consider the following
(c) All three
statements:
(d) None
1. In the First Round Table Conference,
B.R. Ambedkar represented the Dalit
38. With reference to British India, ‘Muskets’
community.
and ‘Matchlocks’ refer to :
2. In the second Round Table Conference in
(a) Ranks in the British army.
1931, Gandhiji was unanimously chosen
(b) Warfare strategy.
as the sole representative of the entire
(c) Types of guns used in wars.
nation of India by all the parties.
(d) Storehouses for export items.
3. The Round Table Conferences concluded
with the discontinuation of the Civil
disobedience movement.
10
Which of the statements given above is/ are 44. By the 1930s, a consensus had been reached
incorrect? within the Congress regarding the choice of
(a) 1 and 2 only the national language. Which of the
(b) 3 only following language was agreed upon?
(c) 2 and 3 only (a) English
(d) 1 and 3 only (b) Hindi
(c) Sanskrit
42. “It is a kind of revenue system in which the
(d) Hindustani
East India Company has fixed the revenue
and those who failed to pay the revenue, their
45. With reference to the ‘Serampore Mission’,
estates were to be auctioned. One of the
famous auctions that occurred was the
1. The Missionaries established a mission
auction at Burdwan.”
in Serampore within the British East
Which of the following types of Land
India Company's jurisdiction.
settlement system is appropriately described
2. William Carey played a pivotal role in
in the above paragraph?
the establishment of the Serampore
(a) Permanent settlement
Mission.
(b) Summary Settlement
(c) Ryotwari settlement
incorrect?
(d) Mahalwari settlement
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
43. “Our salvation can only come through the
(c) Both 1 and 2
farmer. Neither the lawyers, nor the doctors,
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
nor the rich landlords are going to secure it.”
Identify the person who said this from the
options given below:
1. The initial demand for revenue was very
(a) Subhas Chandra Bose
high
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
2. The price of agricultural products was
(c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
sometimes low.
(d) Lala Lajpat Rai
3. Flexibility in the payment of revenue
4. Regulation and control on the zamindars
11
How many of the above are reasons for the Which of the statements given above is/are
non-payment of revenues by zamindars in correct?
the permanent settlement system? (a) 1 only
(a) Only one (b) 2 only
(b) Only two (c) Both 1 and 2
(c) Only three (d) Neither 1 nor
(d) All four
47. Which of the following was the central 1. The sepoys attacked the government
reason behind the proclamation of "Direct buildings as well as houses of Money
Action Day"? Lenders
(a) To advocate for equitable political 2. Proclamations were issued to call upon
representation across religious the people to join the revolt
communities 3. An element of unity between Hindus and
(b) To register dissent against the prevailing Muslims was seen during the revolt.
British colonial administration 4. The element of noncooperation was also
(c) To assert the aspiration for an seen in the revolt.
autonomous region within India by the How many of the above are correct with
Muslim League reference to the initial phases of the revolt of
(d) To commemorate the establishment of a 1857?
provisional self-governing body (a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) Only three
1. Adhiyars were the sharecroppers who
(d) All four
brought their own ploughs, worked in the
fields, and gave the jotedars half of the
harvest after it was done.
2. Haoladars exercise direct control over a
considerable section of the poor
villagers, and they also resisted efforts of
zamindars to increase the jama.
12
50. Which one of the following is correct with 52. Consider the following statements with
reference to the permanent settlement reference to the Deccan Riots of 1875 :
revenue system? 1. Peasants robbed grain stores, burned
(a) Zamindars were responsible for paying down bahi khatas, and occasionally set
revenue to the company. fire to the Sahukars' home.
(b) The East India Company was directly 2. Ryotwari system of revenue collection
responsible for distributing the revenue was one of the reasons for these riots.
demand among villages. Which of the statements given above is/are
(c) Ryots paid rent directly to the East India correct?
Company. (a) 1 only
(d) The East India Company provided loans (b) 2 only
to ryots for the cultivation of crops. (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
51. Which of the following is the most
appropriate reason for Paharia chiefs to 53. Consider the following statement:
refuse the annual allowances offered by the 1. Justice, equality, and freedom for every
British colonial government in the 1780s? citizen of India.
(a) Paharia chiefs refused allowances 2. Proclaimed India as a “Democratic”
because they saw them as insufficient. nation.
(b) Accepting the allowances caused Paharia 3. Adequate safeguards for minorities,
chiefs to gain more authority within the Depressed and Other Backward Classes
community. How many of the above were part of the
(c) Paharia chiefs who accepted the ‘Objectives Resolution’ introduced
allowances were perceived as by Jawaharlal Nehru?
subordinate employees of the colonial (a) Only one
government. (b) Only two
(d) The policy of pacification encouraged (c) All three
Paharia chiefs to expand their territories. (d) None
13
54. Who among the following set up the '‘Asiatic 57. In the context of tribal movements in
Society of Bengal'’ and started a journal India, the term “dikus” refers to:
called Asiatick Researches? (a) Outsiders
(a) Thomas Daniell (b) Rebellion
(b) William Jones (c) Forest produce
(c) Warren Hastings (d) Tribal societies
(d) Alexander Cunningham
58. Which of the following best describes the
55. Who among the following socialist activists changed political landscape after Partition in
convinced Gandhiji not to confine the Salt terms of centralisation and decentralisation?
March exclusively to men? (a) Nationalists pushed for further
(a) Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay decentralisation of power.
(b) Annie Besant (b) Nationalists continued to advocate for
(c) Aruna Asaf Ali the same level of centralisation.
(d) Sarojini Naidu (c) Nationalists pushed for centralisation due
to the unitary system imposed by colonial
rule.
1. The Praja Mandals were established to
(d) Nationalists shifted their stance towards
promote nationalist ideas in princely
complete decentralisation.
states.
2. Gandhiji advocated communicating the 59. Consider the following:
nationalist message in Sanskrit to 1. Supporting European learning
promote ancient Indian culture. 2. Improve the moral character of Indians
3. Provincial committees of the Congress 3. Create a demand for British goods
were established in alignment with the How many of the above were the obejctives
administrative and geographical of the Britishers behind implementation of
divisions of British India. Wood’s Despatch (1854)?
Which of the statements given above is/are (a) Only one
correct? (b) Only two
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) All three
(b) 3 only (d) None
(c) 1 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
14
60. With reference to the ‘Quit India movement’ 62. Who published the book “Stripurushtulna” ?
consider the following statements: (a) Pandita Ramabai
1. It was initiated subsequent to the (b) Tarabai Shinde
unsuccessful outcome of the Simon
(c) Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain
Commission.
(d) Mumtaz Ali
2. Independent governments were declared
in Satara and Medinipur. 63. Consider the following statements with
3. Jayaprakash Narayan was active in the reference to Jhum Cultivation or shifting
underground resistance. cultivation followed by the Tribal people:
How many of the statements given above are 1. Shifting cultivation was practised on a
correct? large scale
(a) Only one 2. They spread the ash collected from firing
(b) Only two as fertiliser for the crops.
(c) All three 3. They first ploughed the field thoroughly
(d) None and then sowed the seeds.
correct?
reference to Birsa Munda:
(a) 1 and 3 only
1. He declared that God had appointed him
(b) 2 and 3 only
to save his people from trouble and free
(c) 1 and 2 only
them from the slavery of outsiders.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
2. He started Munda rebellion against the
intrusion of British in the jungles of 64. Match List-1 with the List-2 and select the
Chotanagpur Plateau region. correct answer using the codes given below
Which of the statements given above is/are the lists:
correct? List-1 List-2
(a) 1 only A. Prathana Samaj 1. Madras
(b) 2 only B. Veda Samaj 2. Calcutta
(c) Both 1 and 2 C. Young Bengal 3. Bombay
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 Movement
D. Singh Sabha 4. Amritsar
movement
15
Codes: 67. In the context of the impact of British rule on

(a) A-1; B-3; C-4; D-2 the tribal society of India, which one of the
(b) A-1; B-3; C-2; D-4 following options is correct?
(c) A-3; B-1; C-2; D-4 (a) The British declared that forests will
(d) A-3; B-1; C-4; D-2 remain the property of tribal people, but
the resources will be used first by the
British.
reference to tribal chiefs before the arrival of
(b) The Forest Department established forest
Britishers:
villages to ensure a regular supply of
1. They enjoyed both political and
cheap labour for cutting timber from the
economic power
forest.
2. They had their own police
(c) Munda rebellion gave the British an
3. They had land titles in their name
insight into the need to introduce laws so
How many of the above is/are correct?
that forest land could be easily taken
(a) Only one
under state control.
(b) Only two
(d) The tribal societies have the same
(c) All three
customs and cultures as laid out by the
(d) None
Brahmanas
66. Consider the following regarding the Child

68. With reference to the ‘Constituent
Marriage Restraint Act:
Assembly’, consider the following pairs:
1. It was passed with bitter debates and
Personalities Designation
struggles in 1929.
1. B. N. Rau Vice president of
2. It set the minimum marriageable age for the Assembly
men at 18 years and for women at 16
2. Rajendra Prasad President of the
years.
Assembly
3. Subsequently, these age limits for 3. Alladi Chairman of the
marriage were raised to 22 for men and Krishnaswamy Drafting
18 for women. Aiyar Committee
How many of these provisions is/are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
16
How many of the above pairs are correctly 71. Consider the following statements:
matched? 1. The revenue demand will become very
(a) Only one pair light.
(b) Only two pairs 2. Under the British government, the native
(c) All three pairs merchants were liable to imprisonment
(d) None of the pairs and disgrace at the instance or complaint
of a worthless man.
69. With reference to the ‘Dandi March’,
3. All the natives in the British service
ought to be alive to their religion and
1. The central idea was to defy the British
interests and abjure their loyalty to the
salt tax and promote civil disobedience
English.
2. Mahatma Gandhi was arrested by the
4. The native artisans will exclusively be
government in response to the march.
employed in the service of the kings, the
3. Women participated in large numbers.
rajahs, and the rich.
Which of the statements given above are
How many of the above grievances and
correct?
measures to address them, are mentioned in
(a) 1 and 2 only
the Azamgarh Proclamation?
(b) 2 and 3 only
(a) Only one
(c) 1 and 3 only
(b) Only two
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) Only three
(d) All four
70. With reference to the Indian National
Congress session (1929), consider the
72. Which of the following Articles in the Indian
following statements:
Constitution gave the Centre the power to
1. It was held in Lucknow and presided over
take over a state administration on the
by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
recommendation of the Governor?
2. It demanded dominion status for India as
(a) Article 360
the goal of India's struggle for freedom.
(b) Article 264
(c) Article 368
correct?
(d) Article 356
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
17
73. Who among the following was tasked with Which of the statements given above is/ are
issuing the educational despatch in 1854, correct?
outlining the educational policy for India? (a) 1 and 2 only
(a) Charles Wood (b) 3 only
(b) Thomas Macaulay (c) 2 and 3 only
(c) Warren Hastings (d) 1 and 3 only
(d) James Mill
76. “He was seen preaching jehad against the
74. Consider the following pairs:
British and urging people to rebel, and was
Place Associated leaders
also known as Danka Shah. People started
1. Kanpur Nana Sahib looking at him as an inspired prophet, and he
2. Lucknow Shah Mal also fought in the famous Battle of Chinhat”.
3. Chotanagpur Birjis Qadr Who among the following personalities is
Plateau best described by the above paragraph?
4. Barout Gonoo (a) Sheikh Hasan Ud-din
How many of the above pairs are correctly (b) Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah
matched? (c) Abdul Ghaffar Khan
(a) Only one pair (d) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
(b) Only two pairs
(c) Only three pairs 77. “They practise a shifting cultivation known
(d) All four pairs as “Bewar” and inhabit parts of Central India
, lived only on the produce of the forest. It
75. With reference to the provincial elections was below their dignity to become labourers.
held In 1937, consider the following Which of the following tribes is appropriately
statements: described in the paragraph above?
1. It was conducted with a restricted (a) Baigas
franchise, leading to the victory of the (b) Mundas
Muslim League. (c) Bhutiya
2. In eight out of eleven provinces, Prime (d) Gaddis
Ministers were appointed to operate
under British Governors' supervision.
3. The Congress ministries tendered their
resignations in 1939.
18
78. With reference to the revolt of 1857, consider 80. With reference to the stated reasons for the
the following statements: revolt of 1857, consider the following
1. It started on 27th May,1857 in the Meerut statements:
Cantonment. 1. Cartridges coated with the fat of cows
2. The sepoys marched towards Delhi to and pigs.
meet old Mughal Emperor Bahadur 2. Caste Differences in society.
Shah. 3. Mixing of bone dust of cows in flour.
3. The revolt was carried out in the name of Select the correct answer using the codes
Mughal Emperor given below:
Which of the statements given above is/are (a) 1 and 2 only
correct? (b) 2 and 3 only
(a) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3 81. Which one of the following Mughal rulers
was seated on the throne of Delhi when the
79. “He belonged to a clan whose kinship
revolt of 1857 broke out in Meerut?
extended over Chaurasee Desh, and he also
(a) Bahadur Shah Zafar
mobilised the headmen and cultivators of all
(b) Alamgir II
Chaurasee Desh by moving day and night,
(c) Shah Alam II
urging people to rebel against the British. He
(d) Akbar Shah II
also converted a bungalow into a “hall of
justice”.
Who among the following personalities is
best described by the above paragraph?
(a) Shah Mal
(b) Birjis Qadr
(c) Nana Sahib
(d) Tatya Tope
19
82. Which of the following statements correctly 84. He was accused of being lenient towards
describes the term “Bell of Arms”? sepoys in the famous British Satirical
(a) It was a bell used by British forces to Journal- Punch. The Journal published a
warn protestors cartoon with caption-“Governor General:
(b) It was a storeroom in which weapons ‘Well, then they shan’t blow him from nasty
were kept. guns; but he must promise to be a good little
(c) It was a new type of weapon that was sepoy’.”
used by the British Army during the Who among the following governor generals
revolt of 1857. is best described by the above paragraph?
(d) It was a kind of bell (Ghanta) used by (a) Lord Dalhousie
Indian Mutineers to call everyone to arms (b) Lord Cornwallis
during the revolt of 1857. (c) Lord Canning
(d) Lord Dufferin
1. The British would be responsible for 85. Who among the following painted the
protecting the state from external and famous “Relief of Lucknow” painting in the
internal threats to their power. memory of the 1857 revolt?
2. A British armed contingent would be (a) Thomas Jones Barker
stationed in the territory of the state. (b) Henry Lawrence
3. The British would have to provide the (c) Colin Campbell
resources necessary to maintain this (d) Major Outram
contingent.
86. Consider the following pairs:
4. The state could enter into agreements
Policy Governor General
with other rulers or engage in warfare on
its own. 1. Subsidiary Lord Cornwallis
How many of the above are conditions of the alliance
Subsidiary Alliance? 2. Doctrine of Lord Dalhousie
(a) Only one Lapse
(b) Only two 3. General Service Lord Canning
(c) Only three Enlistment Act
(d) All four
20
How many of the above pairs are correctly Which of the statements given above is/are
matched? correct?
(a) Only one pair (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) Only two pairs (b) 3 only
(c) All three pairs (c) 2 and 3 only
(d) None of the pairs (d) 1, 2 and 3
87. Who among the following was the Chairman 90. Which of the following was the impact of the
of the ‘Drafting Committee of the Indian English Education Act of 1835 on higher
Constitution’? education in India?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru (a) It abolished the use of English as a
(b) B.R. Ambedkar medium of instruction
(c) Rajendra Prasad (b) It promoted Oriental institutions like the
(d) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Calcutta Madrasa
(c) It focused on reviving traditional Indian
educational methods
1. The Doctrine of Lapse was imposed on
(d) It introduced English as the medium of
Awadh in 1801.
instruction for higher education
2. Awadh was annexed on the premise of
misgovernance. 91. Consider the following statements with
Which of the following optionsis/are correct? reference to the changes introduced by the
(a) 1 only British government after the revolt of 1857:
(b) 2 only 1. The British Parliament passed a new Act
(c) Both 1 and 2 in 1858 that transferred the powers of the
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 East India Company to the British
Crown.
2. The secretary of state was appointed to
1. The Draft Constitution provided for only
handle Indian affairs.
two lists of subjects, Union and State.
3. Governor General of Bengal was made
2. The Union had control over minerals and
the Governor General of India.
key industries.
3. The states were allowed to levy and
collect certain taxes, such as the tax on
bottled liquor.
21
How many of the above statements are 3. Adopted sons can also become heirs to
correct? their territories.
(a) Only one Which of the statements given above is/are
(b) Only two correct?
(c) All three (a) 1 and 2 only
(d) None (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
92. Starting from the late nineteenth century, a
(d) 1, 2 and 3
non-Brahman movement emerged with the
aim of challenging the prevailing caste 94. Consider the following statements :
system and the influence of landlords. By the 1. During the reign of Tipu Sultan,
1930s, this movement had forged sandalwood was the only item exported
connections with the broader national from India to Britain through the Malabar
movement. In the year 1943, a group of Coast.
young leaders established a parallel 2. Tipu Sultan modernised his army with
administration known as "prati sarkar," the help of the French in India.
accompanied by volunteer corps termed 3. The British acquired Mysore after the
"seba dals" and village units referred to as death of Tipu Sultan by applying the
"tufan dals." Doctrine of Lapse.
Identify the movement from the options How many of the above statements are
given below: correct?
(a) Satara Movement (a) Only one
(b) Individual Satyagraha (b) Only two
(c) Eka Movement (c) All three
(d) Faraizi movement (d) None
93. Consider the following statements with 95. Consider the following statements:
reference to the policy of the British towards 1. The proportion of Indian soldiers in the
princely states after the 1857 revolt: army would be increased, and the
1. No more territories will be acquired in number of European soldiers would be
future. decreased.
2. Paramountcy of British crown started on 2. To respect the customary religious and
princely states. social practises of the people in India.
22
3. To give security of rights over land to

98. Who among the following proposed the
small tenants.
pivotal resolution suggesting that the
How many of the above were the steps taken
National Flag of India should be a "horizontal
by the British after gaining control of the
tricolour"?
country after the revolt of 1857?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(a) Only one
(b) Subhas Chandra Bose
(b) Only two
(c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(c) All three
(d) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) None
99. With reference to the ‘Khilafat Movement’,

96. In which of the following uprisings was a “no
rent campaign” started by Paiks as a symbol
1. It was chiefly led by Abul Kalam Azad
of protest against the British Empire in India?
and Maulana Shaukat Ali.
(a) Moplah rebellion
2. Its objective was to advocate the
(b) Chaur uprising
reinstatement of the Ottoman Caliphate's
(c) Khurda rebellion
authority.
(d) Khond uprising
3. The Indian National Congress did not
97. “He helped the British suppress the rebellion, support the movement.
though his own son was a rebel and was How many of the statements given above are
killed by the British in front of his eyes. He correct?
also wrote his memoir, titled "Sepoy to (a) Only one
Subedar” which was written in Awadhi”. (b) Only two
Who among the following personalities is (c) All three
best described by the above paragraph? (d) None
(a) Sitaram Pande
100. Madigas, a tribal community were
(b) Afjal-ud-daula
mainly the residents of, which of the following
(c) Maulvi Liakat Ali
regions?
(d) Puran Chand Joshi
(a) Kerala
(b) Karnataka
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Odisha
Prelims Wallah Test 2024

Test 2: Modern India NCERT Test Synopsis
1. Ans: D James Mill was one of those who attacked the
Exp: Orientalists. The British effort, he declared,
Statement 1 is correct : Raja Rammohun Roy should not be to teach what the natives wanted,
founded a reform association known as the or what they respected, in order to please them
Brahmo Sabha (later known as the Brahmo and “win a place in their heart”.
Samaj) in Calcutta in 1828, which denounced Thomas Babington Macaulay saw India as an
the practise of idol worship and polytheistic uncivilized country that needed to be civilized.
religion. No branch of Eastern knowledge, according to
Statement 2 is correct : Rammohun Roy was him, could be compared to what England had
keen to spread the knowledge of Western produced.
education in the country and bring about greater Englishmen like Henry Thomas Colebrooke
freedom and equality for women. He wrote and Nathaniel Halhed were busy discovering
about the way women were forced to bear the the ancient Indian heritage, mastering Indian
burden of domestic work, confined to the home languages and translating Sanskrit and Persian
and the kitchen, and not allowed to move out works into English. So these two were not
and become educated. opposed to orientalist vision of learning.
Statement 3 is correct : Rammohun Roy was Reference: NCERT, Class 8th, Our Pasts-III,
particularly moved by the problems widows Chapter 6
faced in their lives. He began a campaign
against the practise of sati. In 1829, sati was 4. Ans: D
banned. Exp:
Reference: Class 8th NCERT, Our Pasts-III, Statement 1 is correct:The zamindars, faced
Chapter 7. with an exorbitantly high revenue demand and
a possible auction of their estates, devised ways
2. Ans: C of surviving the pressures. Fictitious sale
Exp: was one such strategy. The Raja of
Option C is correct: Some members of the Burdwan, for instance, first transferred
Depressed Castes emphasised that the problem some of his zamindari to his mother since the
of the “Untouchables'' could not be resolved Company had decreed that the property of
through protection and safeguards alone. J. women would not be taken over.
Nagappa from Madras pointed out that Statement 2 is correct: The agents of the Raja
numerically, the Depressed Castes were not a manipulated the auctions. The revenue
minority. They formed between 20 and 25 demand of the Company was deliberately
percent of the total population. Their suffering withheld, and unpaid balances were allowed to
was due to their systematic marginalisation, accumulate. When a part of the estate was
not their numerical insignificance. They had no auctioned, the zamindar’s men bought the
access to education and no share in the property, outbidding other purchasers.
administration. Subsequently, they refused to pay up the
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in purchase money,rendering the auction invalid,
Indian History, Part 3 Chapter 4 so the estate had to be resold. This process was
repeated endlessly, exhausting the state and the
3. Ans: B other bidders at the auction. At last, the estate
Exp: was sold at a low price back to the zamindar.
Option B is correct: From the early nineteenth Statement 3 is correct: Lathyals of former
century many British officials began to criticise Zamindars (by attacking the new owner) and
the Orientalist vision of learning. They said that Ryots, due to sense of fidelity and fear of
knowledge of the East was full of errors and displaced identity, made physical possession of
unscientific thought. land difficult.
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in observed "Independence Day," marked by the
Indian History, Part III, Chapter 1. raising of the national flag at various locations.
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Theme 11.
5. Ans: A
Exp: 8. Ans:B
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was the most Exp:
prominent campaigner for the remarriage of Pair 1 correctly matched: In the Telugu-
widows. He petitioned the Legislative speaking areas of the Madras Presidency,
Council,but there was a counterpetition against Veerasalingam Pantulu formed an association
the proposal with nearly four times more for widow remarriage.
signatures by Radhakant Deb and the Dharma Pair 2 incorrectly matched: Pandita Ramabai,
Sabha. But Lord Dalhousie personally finalised a great scholar of Sanskrit, felt that Hinduism
the bill despite the opposition, and finally it was was oppressive towards women, and wrote a
passed by Lord Canning. book about the miserable lives of upper-caste
Reference: NCERT,Class 8th,Our Pasts-III, Hindu women. She supported the ideas of
Chapter 7. widow remarriage and women's education and
opposed child marriage.She founded a
6. Ans: B Widow's Home at Poona.
Exp: Pair 3 correctly matched: In aristocratic
Option B is correct: Released from jail in Muslim households in North India, women
January 1931, Mahatma Gandhi engaged in a learned to read the Koran in Arabic. They were
series of extended discussions with the Viceroy taught by women who came home to teach
during the following month. These them. Some reformers, such as Mumtaz Ali,
deliberations resulted in the signing of the reinterpreted verses from the Koran to
"Gandhi-Irwin Pact," under which civil argue for women’s education.
disobedience would cease, prisoners would Pair 4 correctly matched: Periyar founded the
be released, and coastal salt production Self Respect Movement. He argued that
would be permitted for personal untouchables were the true upholders of an
consumption. However, this pact drew original Tamil and Dravidian culture which had
criticism from radical nationalists who felt that been subjugated by Brahmans. He felt that all
Gandhi's efforts fell short as he couldn't secure religious authorities saw social divisions and
a clear commitment from the Viceroy regarding inequality as God-given. Untouchables had to
political independence for Indians. Instead, the free themselves, therefore, from all religions in
assurance of discussions towards that goal was order to achieve social equality.
the extent of the outcome. Reference: NCERT,Class 8th,Our Pasts-III,
At the Round Table Conference, Mahatma Chapter 7.
Gandhi argued against separate electorates
for the Depressed Classes. 9. Ans: D
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Theme 11. Exp:
According to Jyotirao Phule, the “upper” castes
7. Ans: C had no right to their land and power: in reality,
Exp: the land belonged to indigenous people, the so-
Option C is correct: In December 1929, the called low castes. He proposed that Shudras
Indian National Congress convened its annual (labouring castes) and Ati Shudras
session in Lahore. This gathering had dual (untouchables) should unite to challenge caste
significance: first, the election of Jawaharlal discrimination.
Nehru as President, symbolising the transition Reference: NCERT,Class 8th,Our Pasts-III,
of leadership to the newer generation; second, Chapter 7.
the declaration of commitment to "Purna
Swaraj," denoting complete independence.
Consequently, the pace of political activity
accelerated. On 26th January 1930, the nation
10. Ans: B untouchables were the true upholders of an

Exp: original Tamil and Dravidian culture which had
A chain of grievances in Awadh linked the been subjugated by Brahmans. He felt that all
Nawab, Taluqdar, peasant, and sepoy after its religious authorities saw social divisions and
annexation in 1856. In different ways, they inequality as God-given. Untouchables had to
came to identify Firangi Raj with the end of free themselves, therefore, from all religions in
their world—the breakdown of things they order to achieve social equality.
valued, respected, and held dear. Reference: NCERT,Class 8th,Our Pasts-III,
Statement 1 is correct: The annexation of Chapter 7.
Awadh displaced not just the Nawab. It also
dispossessed the taluqdars of the region. The 12. Ans: C
countryside of Awadh was dotted with the Exp:
estates and forts of taluqdars, who for many Statement 1 is incorrect: The members of the
generations had controlled land and power in Constituent Assembly were not elected on the
the countryside. Many of these forts and estates basis of universal franchise.
were razed to the ground. Statement 2 is correct: In 1945-46, provincial
Statement 2 is incorrect: The British land elections were held in India. The Provincial
revenue policy further undermined the position Legislatures then chose the representatives
and authority of the taluqdars. After annexation, to the Constituent Assembly.
the first British revenue settlement, known as Statement 3 is correct: The League opted to
the Summary Settlement of 1856, was based boycott the Constituent Assembly, asserting
on the assumption that the taluqdars were its demand for Pakistan and a distinct
interlopers with no permanent stakes in land: constitution. Similarly, the Socialists were
they had established their hold over land initially hesitant to join, as they perceived the
through force and fraud. Constituent Assembly as a British creation
Statement 3 is correct:The dispossession of lacking genuine autonomy.
taluqdars meant the breakdown of an entire Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in
social order. The ties of loyalty and patronage Indian History, Part 3 Chapter 4
that had bound the peasant to the taluqdar were
disrupted. In pre-British times, many taluqdars 13. Ans: C
were oppressors, but many of them also Exp:
appeared to be generous father figures; they Option C is correct:
exacted a variety of dues from the peasant but Gopal Krishna Gokhale was an Indian political
were often considerate in times of need, but leader, a social reformer during the Indian
under the British, none of this was happening. Independence Movement, and the political
Reference: NCERT, class 12th,Themes in mentor of Indian freedom fighter Mahatma
Indian History-III , Theme 10. Gandhi. He was also the mentor of Muhammad
Ali Jinnah.
11. Ans: D Gokhale was a senior leader of the Indian
Exp: National Congress and the founder of the
Pair 1 correctly matched: The Satnami Servants of India Society. Through the
movement in Central India was founded by Society as well as the Congress and other
Ghasidas who worked among the legislative bodies he served in, Gokhale
leatherworkers and organised a movement to campaigned for Indian self-rule and for social
improve their social status. reforms. He was the leader of the moderate
Pair 2 correctly matched: In eastern Bengal, faction of the Congress party that advocated
Haridas Thakur’s Matua sect worked among reforms by working with existing government
Chandala cultivators. Haridas questioned institutions, and a major member of the Poona
Brahmanical texts that supported the caste Association or the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha.
system. Reference: NCERT,Class XII, Themes in
Pair 3 incorrectly matched: E.V. Indian History III,Chapter 3.
Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar) founded the
Self Respect Movement. He argued that
14. Ans: B Banaras Hindu University (BHU). This event

Exp: saw the attendance of dignitaries, including
Statement 1 is incorrect: A number of Acts royalty and benefactors who had financially
were passed (1909, 1919 and 1935), gradually supported the university's establishment.
enlarging the space for Indian participation in Alongside them were prominent Congress
provincial governments. The executive was figures, such as Annie Besant. In contrast to
made partly responsible to the provincial these esteemed individuals, Gandhiji held a
legislature in 1919, and almost entirely so relatively obscure standing then.
under the Government of India Act of 1935. Reference: NCERT,Class XII, Themes in
When elections were held in 1937 under the Indian History III,Chapter 3.
1935 Act, the Congress came to power in eight
out of the 11 provinces. 17. Ans: A
Statement 2 is correct: While the earlier Exp:
constitutional experiments were in response to The 1780s saw the beginning of the Santhal’s
the growing demand for a representative arrival in Bengal. They were employed by
government, the Acts (1909, 1919 and 1935) zamindars to reclaim land and increase farming,
were not directly debated and formulated by and British officials extended an invitation for
Indians. They were enacted by the colonial them to dwell in the Jangal Mahals. The British
government. The electorate that elected the went to the Santhals after failing to conquer the
provincial bodies had expanded over the years, Paharias, who were not amenable to settled
but even in 1935 it remained limited to no more farming
than 10 to 15 per cent of the adult population. The Santhals were given land and persuaded to
There was no universal adult franchise. The settle in the foothills of Rajmahal. By 1832, a
legislatures elected under the 1935 Act large area of land was demarcated as Damin-i-
operated within the framework of colonial rule, Koh. This was declared to be the land of the
and were responsible to the Governor Santhals. They were to live within it, practise
appointed by the British. ploughed agriculture, and become settled
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in peasants.
Indian History, Part 3 Chapter 4 Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in
Indian History, Part III, Chapter 1.
15. Ans: A
Exp: 18. Ans: D
Statement 1 is correct: A madrasa was set up Exp:
in Calcutta in 1781 to promote the study of Option D is correct: 1917 Champaran
Arabic, Persian and Islamic law. The movement: During the yearly Congress
Calcutta Madrasah was established by Warren assembly conducted in December 1916 at
Hastings in 1781 for studying Muslim law and Lucknow, a farmer named Raj Kumar Shukla
related subjects. hailing from Champaran in Bihar approached
Statement 2 is incorrect: The Hindu College Mahatama Gandhi. The peasant recounted the
was established in Benaras in 1791 to severe hardships faced by fellow peasants under
encourage the study of ancient Sanskrit texts the rule of British indigo cultivators.
that would be useful for the administration of Consequently, Mahatma Gandhi dedicated a
the country. Governor General Lord Cornwallis substantial portion of 1917 to Champaran,
assisted Jonathan Duncan in establishing the endeavouring to secure for the peasants the
College at Banaras in the year 1791. rights to possess land securely and cultivate
Reference: NCERT, Class 8th, Our Pasts-III, crops according to their preference.
Chapter 6 The Kheda Satyagraha of 1918 was a
satyagraha movement in the Kheda district
16. Ans: D of Gujarat in India organised by Mahatma
Exp: Gandhi during the period of the British Raj.
Option D is correct: Gandhiji's inaugural It was a major revolt in the Indian
notable public appearance occurred in Independence Movement. It was the third
February 1916, during the opening of the
Satyagraha movement, which was launched several constable’s lives. The severity of this
7 days after the Ahmedabad mill strike. violent incident deeply troubled Mahatma
In the Kheda Satyagraha, Mahatma Gandhi was Gandhi, compelling him to make the difficult
chiefly the spiritual head of the struggle. He decision of abruptly terminating the
was assisted by the newly joined Satyagrahi noncooperation movement.
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and other local Reference: NCERT,Class XII, Themes in
lawyers, namely Indulal Yagnik, Shankarlal Indian History III,Chapter 3.
Banker, Mahadev Desai, Narhari Parikh,
Mohanlal Pandya, and Ravi Shankar Vyas. 20. Ans: A
They toured the countryside, organised the Exp:
villagers, and gave them political leadership We classify periods in an attempt to capture the
and direction. characteristics of a time and its central features
Reference: NCERT,Class XII, Themes in as they appear to us. So the terms used to
Indian History III,Chapter 3. periodize—that is, demarcate the difference
between periods—become important. They
19. Ans: B reflect our ideas about the past. They show how
Exp: we see the significance of the change from one
Option B is correct: The Non-Cooperation period to the next. In 1817, James Mill, a
Movement in India was initiated by Mahatma Scottish economist and political philosopher,
Gandhi and the Indian National Congress in published a massive three-volume work, A
response to several catalyst events that History of British India. In this, he divided
intensified the demand for independence and Indian history into three periods – Hindu,
galvanised widespread protest. Muslim, and British. This periodization became
During the course of the First World War widely accepted.
(1914-18), the British authorities implemented Reference: Ncert, class 8th , chapter 1
press censorship and authorised detentions
without trial. As the war concluded, a 21. Ans: B
committee headed by Sir Sidney Rowlatt Exp:
proposed the continuation of these stringent Option B is correct: An important feature of
measures. In response to this decision, the Constitution was its emphasis on
Mahatma Gandhi issued a nationwide call for a secularism. This was done through the
movement against the "Rowlatt Act." carefully drafted series of Fundamental Rights
Gandhiji himself was apprehended while en to “freedom of religion” (Articles 25-28),
route to the Punjab, and simultaneously, “cultural and educational rights” (Articles 29,
prominent local Congress leaders also faced 30), and “rights to equality” (Articles 14, 16,
arrests. 17). All religions were guaranteed equal
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919): One of treatment by the State and given the right to
the most infamous incidents in British colonial maintain charitable institutions. The State also
history, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre sought to distance itself from religious
involved the killing of hundreds of unarmed communities, banning compulsory religious
Indian civilians by British troops in Amritsar. instructions in State-run schools and colleges,
This brutal act shocked the nation and further and declaring religious discrimination in
fueled anti-British sentiments, playing a employment to be illegal. However, a certain
significant role in mobilising people for the legal space was created for social reform within
Non-Cooperation Movement. communities, a space that was used to ban
Chauri Chaura incident (1922): In February untouchability and introduce changes in
1922, a gathering of peasants launched a personal and family laws. In the Indian variant
targeted assault on a police station situated of political secularism, then, there has been no
in the village of Chauri Chaura, located in the absolute separation of State from religion,
region of the United Provinces (present-day but a kind of judicious distance between the
Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand). Tragically, two.
this aggressive act resulted in the destruction of Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in
the police station by fire, leading to the loss of Indian History, Part 3 Chapter 4
22. Ans: D 20,000 sailors in 78 ships and shore

Exp: establishments.
Option D is correct: Rabindranath Tagore Reference: Ncert, class 8th , chapter 1.
started the institution in 1901. The experience
of his school days in Calcutta shaped Tagore’s 24. Ans: C
ideas of education. On growing up, he wanted Exp:
to set up a school where the child was happy, Statement 1 is incorrect: Orientalists were
where she could be free and creative, and where individuals possessing scholarly expertise in
she was able to explore her own thoughts and Asian languages and cultures. Orientalists
desires. Tagore was of the view that creative were in favour of using Indian languages
learning could be encouraged only within a (vernaculars) as medium of instruction
natural environment. So he chose to set up his Statement 2 is correct: Henry Thomas
school 100 kilometers away from Calcutta, in a Colebrooke and William Jones went about
rural setting. He saw it as an abode of peace discovering ancient texts, understanding their
(santiniketan), where living in harmony with meaning, translating them, and making their
nature, children could cultivate their natural findings known to others. This project, they
creativity. believed, would not only help the British learn
Reference: NCERT, Class 8th, Our Pasts-III, from Indian culture, but it would also help
Chapter 6 Indians rediscover their own heritage, and
understand the lost glories of their past. In this
23. Ans: C process, they believed that the British would
Exp: become the guardians of Indian culture as
The colonial government of British India was well as its masters.
trying to suppress revolt in the ranks of the Statement 3 is correct: William Jones was a
Royal Indian Navy in various cities, as inferred linguist. He had studied Greek and Latin at
from the following report: Oxford, knew French and English, had picked
Report to the Home Department in 1946: up Arabic, and had also learnt Persian. Jones
Bombay: Arrangements have been made for discovered that his interests were shared by
the Army to take over ships and establishments. many British officials living in Calcutta at the
Royal Navy ships are remaining outside the time. Englishmen like Henry Thomas
harbour. Hence, 1. Bombay is correct. Colebrooke and Nathaniel Halhed were also
Karachi: 301 mutineers are under arrest and a busy discovering the ancient Indian heritage,
few more strongly suspected are to be arrested. mastering Indian languages and translating
All establishments are under military Sanskrit and Persian works into English.
guard. Hence, 3. Karachi is correct. Together with them, Jones set up the Asiatic
Vizagapatnam: The position is completely Society of Bengal, and started a journal called
under control and no violence has occurred. Asiatick Researches. Henry Thomas
Military guards have been placed on ships and Colebrooke was a scholar of Sanskrit and
establishments. No further trouble is expected ancient sacred writings of Hinduism.
except that a few men may refuse to work. Reference: NCERT, Class 8th, Our Pasts-III,
Hence, 2. Vizagapatnam is correct. Chapter 6
Director of Intelligence, HQ. India Command,
Situation Report No. 7. File No. 5/21/46 Home 25. Ans: B
(Political), Government of India. Exp:
A failed uprising by Indian naval ratings, Option B is correct: In 1942, Churchill
soldiers, police officers, and civilians against dispatched Minister Sir Stafford Cripps to
the British government in India was known as India for negotiations with Gandhiji and the
the Royal Indian Navy Mutiny or Revolt, also Congress. However, discussions collapsed
known as the 1946 Naval Uprising. From the when the Congress insisted that an Indian
initial flashpoint in Bombay (now Mumbai), the Defence Member needs to be appointed by the
revolt spread and found support throughout Viceroy before assisting Britain against the
British India, from Karachi to Calcutta (now Axis powers.
Kolkata), and ultimately came to involve over
In 1945, a Labour government came to power forces that the Company was to maintain for
in Britain and committed itself to granting his protection. If the ruler failed to make the
independence to India. Meanwhile, back in payment, then part of his territory was taken
India, the Viceroy, Lord Wavell, brought the away as a penalty.
Congress and the League together for a Dupleix was the originator of the practise of
series of talks. subsidiary alliance in India. He placed a
In early 1946, provincial elections were French army at Hyderabad at the expense of the
conducted, where the Congress emerged subahdar.
victorious in the "General" category. The policy was perfected and given its final
Conversely, the League secured a significant form by Lord Wellesley. The Indian princes
majority in seats designated for Muslims. This who accepted the subsidiary system were: the
outcome marked the culmination of political Nizam of Hyderabad (September 1798 and
polarisation. Subsequently, a Cabinet Mission 1800), the ruler of Mysore (1799), the ruler of
dispatched during the summer of 1946 aimed Tanjore (October 1799), the Nawab of Awadh
to broker an agreement between the Congress (November 1801), the Peshwa (December
and the League on a federal system ensuring 1801), the Bhonsle Raja of Berar (December
unity while granting provincial autonomy. 1803), the Scindia (February 1804), the Rajput
Regrettably, this mission did not achieve states of Jodhpur, Jaipur, Macheri, Bundi, and
consensus between the two parties. the ruler of Bharatpur (1818). The Holkars were
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Theme 11. the last Maratha confederation to accept the
Subsidiary Alliance in 1818.
26. Ans: D Reference : Class 8th NCERT, Our Pasts- III,
Exp: Chapter 2
Option D is correct: Mahatma Gandhi's appeal
among the poor, and peasants in particular, was 28. Ans: D
enhanced by his ascetic lifestyle, and his Exp:
shrewd use of symbols such as the dhoti and Statement 1 is incorrect: The Language
the charkha expressed profound concerns Committee of the Constituent Assembly had
about the contemporary era, where machines proposed a compromise: adopting Hindi in the
were perceived to subjugate individuals and Devanagari script as the official language
displace traditional labour. He envisioned the and gradually transitioning to it. By referring
charkha as a representation of a human- to Hindi as the official rather than the
centric society that refrained from national language, the Language Committee
excessively celebrating machinery and of the Constituent Assembly hoped to placate
technological advancements. Additionally, he ruffled emotions and arrive at a solution that
believed that the spinning wheel had the would be acceptable to all.
potential to offer marginalised communities Statement 2 is correct: For the first fifteen
additional income, thereby fostering self- years, English would continue to be used for
sufficiency. all official purposes.
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Theme 11. Statement 3 is correct: Each province was to
be allowed to choose one of the regional
27. Ans: B languages for official work within the province.
Exp : Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in
Statement 1 is incorrect : An Indian ruler Indian History, Part 3 Chapter 4
entering the Subsidiary Alliance was not
allowed to have his own independent armed 29. Ans: B
forces. He had to disband his army, and the Exp:
company was supposed to protect the ruler Statement 1 is correct: In the 1830s, William
in return for a payment. Adam, a Scottish missionary, toured the
Statement 2 is correct: As per the districts of Bengal and Bihar. He had been
Subsidiary Alliance treaty, the Indian ruler asked by the Company to report on the progress
was to be protected by the British East India of education in vernacular schools. Adam found
Company but had to pay for the subsidiary that there were over 1 lakh pathshalas in Bengal
and Bihar. These were small institutions with Reference : Class 8th NCERT, Our Pasts-III,
no more than 20 students each. But the total Chapter 2
number of children being taught in these
pathshalas was considerable – over 20 lakh. 31. Ans: B
These institutions were set up by wealthy Exp:
people, or the local community. At times they Shri Narayana Guru proclaimed the ideals of
were started by a teacher (guru). unity for his people. He argued against treating
Statement 2 is correct: Until the mid-19th people unequally on the basis of caste
century, the Company's focus was mainly on differences. According to him, all humankind
higher education, leading to minimal belonged to the same caste. One of his famous
intervention in local pathshalas. Post 1854, the statements was: “oru jati, oru matam, oru
Company aimed to enhance vernacular daivam manushyanu” (one caste, one religion,
education. Government pandits were one god for humankind).
appointed, each overseeing several schools. Reference: NCERT,Class 8th,Our Pasts-III,
Pandits aimed to elevate teaching standards Chapter 7.
by conducting regular visits, introducing
textbooks, and implementing structured 32. Ans : A
timetables. The new approach included annual Exp :
exams to assess learning, alongside student Statement 1 is correct: In 1651, an English
fees, consistent attendance, assigned seating, factory was set up on the banks of the
and disciplined conduct. Hooghly River in Bengal; this was the base
Statement 3 is incorrect: Only those from which British traders, known as factors,
Pathshalas which accepted the new rules operated.
were supported through government grants. Statement 2 is incorrect : The traders of the
Those who were unwilling to work within the East India Company bribed Mughal officials
new system received no government support. into giving the company the zamindari rights
Over time gurus who wanted to retain their over three villages in Bengal; one of these was
independence found it difficult to compete with Kalikata, which is at present known as the city
the government aided and regulated pathshalas. of Calcutta or Kolkata.
Reference: NCERT, Class 8th, Our Pasts-III, Statement 3 is incorrect: Mughal emperor
Chapter 6 Aurangzeb issued a Farman that granted the
East India Company the right to trade duty free.
30. Ans : D However, the officials of the company, who
Exp: were engaged in private trade, were supposed to
Statement 1 is incorrect: the East India pay duty.
Company acquired a charter from the ruler of Reference : Class 8th NCERT, Our Pasts- III,
England, Queen Elizabeth I, in 1600. The Chapter 2
charter granted the Company the sole right to
trade with the East; it provided that no other 33. Ans : A
trading group in England could compete with Exp :
the East India Company. The royal charter Statement I is correct : From the early 18th
could not prevent other European powers century, the Company's trade with India
from entering Eastern markets. expanded but it had to buy most of the goods in
Statement 2 is incorrect: Vasco da Gama, a India with gold and silver imported from
Portuguese explorer, discovered a sea route to Britain. The reason was that at that time Britain
India and landed on the Western coast in 1498. had no goods to sell in India. This outflow of
Hence, by the time the first English ships sailed gold from Britain slowed after the battle of
down the west coast of Africa, around the Cape Plassey and entirely stopped after
of Good Hope, and crossed the Indian Ocean, assumption of Diwani rights after the battle
the Portuguese had already established their of Buxar.Hence Statement I is Correct.
presence on the Western coast of India. The Statement II is correct : In 1765, the Mughal
Portuguese had their base in Goa, India. emperor appointed the East India Company as
the Diwan of the province of Bengal. The
Diwani right allowed the company to use the 36. Ans : A

vast revenue resources of Bengal. The revenue Exp :
was used to finance Company expenses like: Statement 1 is correct: The British followed
purchase cotton and silk textiles in India, the policy of annexing Indian States on various
maintain company troops, meet the cost of grounds. The Doctrine of Lapse was one of
building company offices in Calcutta etc. them; it was mainly used by Lord Dalhousie,
Hence Statement II is correct and explains who was governor general of India from
Statement I. 1848 to 1856.
Reference : Class 8th NCERT, Our Pasts - III, Statement 2 is incorrect: Under this Doctrine,
Chapter 2 if an Indian ruler died without a male heir, his
Kingdom would lapse, that is, it would become
34. Ans : B a part of the Company's territory. One Kingdom
Exp : after another was annexed simply by the
Statement B is correct: the Treaty of Salbai company applying this Doctrine of Lapse.
ended the first Anglo Maratha war in 1782. Statement 3 is incorrect : The Doctrine of
The Marathas were subdued by the British in a Lapse was first applied to annex few Cis-
series of wars. The second Anglo-Maratha war Sutlej territories (and not entire Punjab) by
resulted in the British gaining Odisha and the company, followed by Satara in 1848,
territories north of the Yamuna river including followed by other states -Sambalpur in 1850,
Agra and Delhi. Finally, the third Anglo Udaipur in 1852, Nagpur in 1853, and Jhansi in
Maratha war ( 1817-19) ended the Maratha 1854. After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh
power; the Peshwa was removed and sent away in 1839, two prolonged wars were fought by the
to Bithoor near Kanpur with a pension. The Sikhs with the British, but ultimately Punjab
company now had complete control over the was annexed in 1849.
territories south of the Vindhyas. Reference : Class 8th NCERT, Our Pasts - III,
The Marathas were originally divided into Chapter 2
many states under different chiefs or sardars,
belonging to Dynasties such as Holkar, 37. Ans: D
Bhonsle, Sindhiya. The chiefs were held Exp :
together in a confederacy under a Peshwa or Statement 1 is incorrect: Warren Hastings
Prime Minister who was incharge of military ruled as the governor general of India from
and administration, based in Pune. 1773 to 1785. In 1772, a new system of justice
Reference : Class 8th NCERT, Our Pasts - III, was established; each district was to have two
Chapter 2 courts - a criminal court (faujdari Adalat) and a
Civil Court (Diwani Adalat). European
35. Ans : C district collectors presided over civil courts,
Exp : whereas criminal courts were presided over
Option C is correct : Rani Channamma took by a Qazi and a Mufti under supervision of
up arms and led an anti-British resistance the collectors.
Movement in the first half of the 19th century Statement 2 is incorrect: Muftis were jurists
when the British tried to annex the small state of the Muslim community responsible for
of Kitoor in present day Karnataka. She was expounding the law that the qazi would
finally arrested by the British in 1824 and died administer. In the Civil Courts, Maulavi's and
in prison in 1829. Hindu pandits interpreted Indian laws for
After her death, Rayanna, a poor chowkidar of European district collectors.
Sangoli, Kitoor, continued the resistance and Statement 3 is incorrect: Under the
with popular support, destroyed many British Regulating Act of 1773, a new Supreme Court
camps and records. Finally he was caught and was established in Calcutta, while a court of
hanged by the British in 1830. appeal - the Sadar Nizamat Adalat, was also set
Reference : Class 8th NCERT, Our Pasts - III, up in Calcutta.
Chapter 2 Reference : Class 8th NCERT, Our Pasts - III,
Chapter 2
10
38. Ans : C argued that for the impoverished rural

Exp : population, the knowledge of newfound
• Option C is correct: Muskets and fundamental rights like the right to life, full
Matchlocks refer to types of guns. employment, meetings, conferences,
Muskets were heavy guns used by associations, and other civil liberties was
infantry soldiers, and matchlocks insufficient if conditions were not established to
were early types of guns in which the ensure the effective enjoyment of these rights.
powder was ignited by a match. Ranga emphasized that safeguarding these
• In the 1820s, warfare Technology constitutionally enshrined rights required the
changed, and cavalry requirements of creation of conducive circumstances.
the company's army declined. This is Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in
because the British Empire was Indian History, Part 3 Chapter 4
fighting in Burma, Afghanistan, and
Egypt, where the soldiers were armed 41. Ans: C
with Muskets and Matchlocks . The Exp:
soldiers of the company's army had to Statement 1 is correct: The British
keep pace with the changing military government convened a series of “Round Table
requirements, and its infantry Conferences” in London. B.R. Ambedkar
regiments now became more represented the Dalit community. The first
important. meeting was held in November 1930, but
Reference : Class 8th NCERT, Our Pasts - III, without the pre-eminent political leader in
Chapter 2 India, thus rendering it an exercise in futility.
Statement 2 is incorrect: A second Round
39. Ans: D Table Conference was held in London in the
Exp: latter part of 1931. Here, Gandhiji represented
Option D is correct: In 1946-47, as the the Congress. However, his claims that his
Assembly deliberated, the British were still in party represented all of India came under
India. An interim administration headed by challenge from three parties: from the Muslim
Jawaharlal Nehru was in place, but it could only League, which claimed to stand for the interests
operate under the directions of the Viceroy and of the Muslim minority; from the Princes, who
the British Government in London. The claimed that the Congress had no stake in their
members were: Baldev Singh, John Mathai, C territories; and from B.R. Ambedkar, who
Rajagopalachari, Jawaharlal Nehru, Liaquat argued that Gandhiji and the Congress did
Ali Khan, Vallabhbhai Patel, I.I. Chundrigar, not really represent the lower castes.
Asaf Ali, C.H. Bhabha, Jagjivan Ram, Statement 3 is incorrect: The Conferences in
Ghazanfar Ali Khan, Rajendra Prasad and London were inconclusive, so Gandhiji
Abdur Nishtar returned to India and resumed civil
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in disobedience.
Indian History, Part 3 Chapter 4 Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Theme 11.
40. Ans: C 42. Ans: A

Exp: Exp:
Option C is correct: Welcoming the The Permanent Settlement, or Zamindari
Objectives Resolution, N.G. Ranga, a socialist System, covered around 19 percent of the
leader who had played a prominent role in territory under British rule. Introduced in
the peasant movement, emphasised that the Bengal and Bihar, it was extended to Orissa,
term "minorities" should be interpreted Banaras (Varanasi), and northern Madras.
from an economic perspective. According to Features:
Ranga, the true minorities were the • The zamindars were given proprietary
impoverished and marginalized segments of rights over their land.
society. While he appreciated the legal • In 1790, a ten-year settlement of tax to
entitlements provided by the Constitution to be paid was made with the zamindars,
individuals, he also noted its limitations. He and in 1793, the settlement was made
11
permanent. their labour. Our salvation can only come

• A fixed tax on the land had to be paid through the farmer. Neither the lawyers, nor
by the zamindar, and the revenue was the doctors, nor the rich landlords are going
to be collected by him from the to secure it.”
cultivators who had now become Reference: NCERT,Class XII, Themes in
tenants (the ryots or raiyyats). Indian History III,Chapter 3.
• The zamindar was allowed to keep one-
44. Ans: D
tenth to oneeleventh of the revenue and
give the rest to the Company Exp:
government. Option D is correct: By the 1930s, the
Congress had accepted that Hindustani ought
• The zamindar, as the owner of the land, to be the national language. Mahatma Gandhi
could sell, mortgage, or transfer it; his felt that everyone should speak in a language
heirs could inherit the land along with that common people could easily understand.
its rights and liabilities. But, under the Hindustani – a blend of Hindi and Urdu – was
‘sunset clause’ introduced in 1794, if a popular language of a large section of the
the tax due was not paid by the sunset people of India, and it was a composite
of a certain date, the zamindari would language enriched by the interaction of diverse
be taken over by the government and cultures. As communal conflicts deepened,
auctioned, and the rights would be Hindi and Urdu also started growing apart. On
transferred to the new owner. the one hand, there was a move to Sanskritise
• Regulations made in 1793, 1799, and Hindi, purging it of all words of Persian and
1812 empowered the zamindar to seize Arabic origin. On the other hand, Urdu was
the tenant’s property if the rent had not being increasingly Persianised.
been paid, and, for this, he did not need Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in
the permission of any court of law. Indian History, Part 3 Chapter 4
In 1797, there was an auction in Burdwan
(present day Bardhaman). It was a big public 45. Ans: A
event, a number of mahals (estates) held by Exp:
the Raja of Burdwan were being sold. Statement 1 is incorrect: Until 1813, the East
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in India Company was opposed to missionary
Indian History, Part III, Chapter 1. activities in India. The missionaries set up a
mission at Serampore in an area under the
43. Ans: B control of the Danish East India Company as
Exp: they were unable to establish an institution
Option B is correct: Gandhiji's inaugural within British-controlled territories. A
notable public appearance occurred in printing press was set up in 1800 and a college
February 1916 during the opening of the established in 1818.
Banaras Hindu University (BHU). Gandhiji Statement 2 is correct: William Carey, a
charged the Indian elite with a lack of distinguished Scottish missionary, played a
concern for the labouring poor. The opening significant and instrumental role in establishing
of the BHU, he said, was “certainly a most of the Serampore Mission.
gorgeous show”. But he worried about the Reference: NCERT, Class 8th, Our Pasts-III,
contrast between the “richly bedecked Chapter 6
noblemen” present and “millions of the poor”
Indians who were absent. Gandhiji told the 46. Ans: C
privileged invitees that “there is no salvation Exp:
for India unless you strip yourself of this The East India Company felt that a fixed
jewellery and hold it in trust for your revenue demand would give zamindars a sense
countrymen in India”. “There can be no spirit of security and, assured of returns on their
of self government about us,” he went on, “if investment, encourage them to improve their
we take away or allow others to take away from estates. However, zamindars routinely failed to
the peasants almost the whole of the results of pay the revenue demand in the early decades
12
following the Permanent Settlement, and Following the deadlock, Muhammad Ali Jinnah
unpaid balances accumulated. The reasons for called for a significant event known as the
these failures are: "Direct Action Day," aimed at advancing the
• The initial demands were very high. League's demand for a separate nation,
This was because it was felt that if the Pakistan. The designated date, August 16,
demand was fixed for all time, the 1946, witnessed violent upheavals in Calcutta,
Company would never be able to claim which later spread across rural Bengal, Bihar,
a share of increased income from land and eventually to the United Provinces and
when prices rose and cultivation Punjab. This unrest resulted in sufferings
expanded. Hence, Statement 1 is primarily for Muslims in some regions and
correct. Hindus in others.
• The prices of agricultural produce Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Theme 11.
were depressed, making it difficult for
the ryots to pay their dues to the 48. Ans: C
zamindar. Hence, Statement 2 is Exp:
correct. Statement 1 is correct: At the time when
• The revenue was invariable, regardless Zamindars were facing a crisis, a group of rich
of the harvest, and had to be paid peasants were consolidating their position in the
punctually. In fact, according to the villages. They were known as Jotedars, and
Sunset Law, if payment did not come in most of their agricultural land was cultivated
by sunset of the specified date, the through adhiyars or bargardars who brought
zamindari was liable to be auctioned. their own ploughs, laboured in the field, and
Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect. handed over half the produce to the jotedars
• The Company had recognised the after the harvest.
zamindars as important, but it wanted Statement 2 is correct: The jotedars were most
to control and regulate them, subdue powerful in North Bengal, although rich
their authority, and restrict their peasants and village headmen were emerging as
autonomy. The zamindars’ troops were commanding figures in the countryside in other
disbanded, customs duties abolished, parts of Bengal as well. In some places, they
and their “cutcheries” (courts) brought were called haoladars; elsewhere, they were
under the supervision of a Collector known as gantidars or mandals.
appointed by the Company. Hence, Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in
Statement 4 is correct. Indian History, Part III, Chapter 1.
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in
Indian History, Part III, Chapter 1. 49. Ans: D
Exp: Statement 1 is correct: During the revolt
47. Ans: C of 1857, The sepoys first seized the bell of
Exp: arms and plundered the treasury. They then
Option C is correct: In early 1946, elections attacked government buildings—the jail,
were conducted for the provincial legislatures. treasury, telegraph office, record room, and
While the Congress secured a sweeping victory bungalows—burning all records. Everything
in the "General" category, the League achieved and everybody connected with the white man
an overwhelming majority in seats became targets. In major towns like Lucknow,
exclusively reserved for Muslims. This Kanpur, and Bareilly, moneylenders and the
marked a culmination of intense political rich also became the objects of rebel wrath. The
polarization. During the summer of 1946, a peasants not only saw them as oppressors but
Cabinet Mission was dispatched in an attempt also as allies of the British. In most places, their
to facilitate a consensus between the Congress houses were looted and destroyed.
and the League on the establishment of a federal Statements 2 and 3 are correct:
system that would maintain India's unity while Proclamations in Hindi, Urdu, and Persian were
granting a measure of autonomy to the put up in the cities, calling upon the population,
provinces. Regrettably, the discussions ended both Hindus and Muslims, to unite, rise, and
without a resolution. exterminate the firangis.
13
Statement 4 is correct: The mutiny in the Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in
sepoy ranks quickly became a rebellion. There Indian History, Part III, Chapter 1.
was a general defiance of all kinds of
authority and hierarchy, which is an element 52. Ans: C
of NonCooperation. Exp:
Reference: NCERT, class 12th,Themes in Statement 1 is correct: A countryside revolt
Indian History-III , Theme 10. occurred in 1875 in the Deccan. The movement
began at Supa, a large village in Poona (present-
50. Ans: A day Pune) district. On May 12, 1875, ryots from
Exp: surrounding rural areas gathered and attacked
Permanent settlement was a system of revenue the shopkeepers, demanding their bahi khatas
collection during the reign of the East India (account books) and debt bonds. They burned
Company. It was introduced by Lord the khatas, looted grain shops, and, in some
Cornwallis in 1793 in the areas of Bihar, cases, set fire to the houses of sahukars.
Bengal, and Odisha. In this system: Statement 2 is correct: The revenue system
• Zamindars were responsible for: that was introduced in the Bombay Deccan
1. paying revenue to the company. came to be known as the Ryotwari Settlement.
Hence, Option A is correct. The revenue that was demanded was so high
2. distributing the revenue demand that in many places, peasants deserted their
(jama) over villages. Hence, villages and migrated to new regions. In areas
Option B is incorrect. of poor soil and fluctuating rainfall, the problem
• Each village ryot, big or small, paid rent to was particularly acute. When rains failed and
the zamindar. Hence, Option C is harvests were poor, peasants found it
incorrect impossible to pay the revenue. But revenue
• Jotedars gave out loans to other ryots and collectors denied this fact, and thus the riots
sold their produce. Hence, Option D is started.
incorrect Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in
• Ryots cultivated some land and gave out the Indian History, Part III, Chapter 1.
rest to under-ryots on rent. Under-ryots
paid rent to the ryots. 53. Ans: B
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in Exp:
Indian History, Part III, Chapter 1. Option B is correct: On December 13, 1946,
Jawaharlal Nehru introduced the
51. Ans: C "Objectives Resolution" before the
Exp: Constituent Assembly. It was a momentous
In the 1770s, the British embarked on a brutal resolution that outlined the defining ideals of
policy of extermination, hunting the Paharias the Constitution of Independent India, and
down and killing them. Then, in the 1780s, provided the framework within which the work
Augustus Cleveland, the Collector of of constitution-making was to proceed. It
Bhagalpur, proposed a policy of pacification. declared India as an "Independent Sovereign
Paharia chiefs were given an annual allowance Republic," enshrining justice, equality, and
and made responsible for the proper conduct of freedom for its citizens. Additionally, the
their men. Many Paharia chiefs refused the resolution pledged to incorporate safeguards
allowances. Those who accepted, most often for minorities, backward and tribal areas, as
lost authority within the community. Being well as Depressed and Other Backward
in the pay of the colonial government, they Classes.
came to be perceived as subordinate Jawaharlal Nehru provided explanation for
employees or stipendiary chiefs. As the not using the term “democratic” in the
pacification campaigns continued, the Paharias Objectives Resolution in his famous speech
withdrew deep into the mountains, insulating of 13th December 1946. “Now, some friends
themselves from hostile forces, and carrying on have raised the question: “Why have you not
a war with outsiders. put in the word “democratic” here? Well, I told
them that it is conceivable, of course, that a
14
republic may not be democratic but the whole Statement 2 is incorrect: Gandhi's emphasis
of our past is witness to this fact that we stand was on communicating the nationalist
for democratic institutions. Obviously, we are message in local languages.
aiming at democracy and nothing less than a Statement 3 is incorrect: This led to the
democracy. What form of democracy, what structuring of Congress's provincial
shape it might take is another matter. The committees based on linguistic regions
democracies of the present day, many of them instead of the artificial colonial boundaries
in Europe and elsewhere, have played a great of British India. These strategies collectively
part in the world’s progress. Yet it may be facilitated the propagation of nationalism to
doubtful if those democracies may not have to every corner of the nation, resonating with
change their shape somewhat before long if social groups previously uninvolved in the
they have to remain completely democratic”. movement.
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Theme 11.
Indian History, Part 3 Chapter 4
57. Ans: A
54. Ans: B Exp:
Exp: Tribal societies are societies that have their own
Option B is correct: In 1783, William Jones distinct customs, cultures, and ways of life
arrived in Calcutta. He was appointed as a distinct from mainstream society. These
junior judge at the Supreme Court that the societies also did not have the sharp social
Company had set up. Together with divisions that were characteristic of caste
Englishmen like Henry Thomas Colebrooke societies. All those who belonged to the same
and Nathaniel Halhed , Jones set up the tribe thought of themselves as sharing common
Asiatic Society of Bengal and started a journal ties of kinship.“Dikus” was the term used for
called Asiatick Researches. outsiders by the tribal people.
Reference: NCERT, Class 8th, Our Pasts-III, Reference: Ncert, class 8th, Our Pasts III ,
Chapter 6 chapter 4
55. Ans: A 58. Ans: C

Exp: Exp:
Option A is correct: The Salt March marked a Option C is correct: The proposal for
notable turning point as women joined in increased power to the provinces elicited a
substantial numbers, making it the first robust response within the Assembly. The
nationalist activity of such scale to include importance of a robust centre had been
them. Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, a socialist emphasised multiple times since the
activist, played a key role in convincing Commencement of the Constituent Assembly's
Gandhiji to ensure the protests were not limited sessions. Ambedkar explicitly expressed his
to men. Kamaladevi herself was among the desire for a "strong and united Centre,"
many women who faced arrest for challenging underscoring the need for a centre even more
salt and liquor laws. potent than the one established under the
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Theme 11. Government of India Act of 1935. Before
Partition, the Congress had agreed to grant
56. Ans: C considerable autonomy to the provinces.
Exp: This had been part of an effort to assure the
Statement 1 is correct: Mahatma Gandhi Muslim League that within the provinces where
effectively expanded the reach of nationalism the Muslim League came to power, the Centre
through his widespread popularity and would not interfere. After Partition, most
meticulous organisation. New branches of the nationalists changed their positions because
Congress were established across diverse they felt that the earlier political pressures
regions of India, while "Praja Mandals" were for a decentralised structure were no longer
formed to advocate nationalist principles in there. There was already a unitary system in
princely states. place, imposed by the colonial government. The
violence of the time gave a further push to
15
centralisation. The Constitution thus showed resistance were socialist members of the
a distinct bias towards the rights of the Congress, such as Jayaprakash Narayan.
Union of India over those of its constituent Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Theme 11.
states.
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in 61. Ans: C
Indian History, Part 3 Chapter 4 Exp:
Statement 1 is correct: Birsa was born into a
59. Ans: C family of Mundas, a tribal group that lived in
Exp: Chotanagpur. In 1895, he was seen roaming the
Option C is correct: In 1854, the Court of forests and villages of Chottanagpur,
Directors of the East India Company in London Jharkhand. People said he had miraculous
sent an educational despatch to the Governor- powers—he could cure all diseases and
General in India. Issued by Charles Wood, the multiply grain. Birsa himself declared that
President of the Board of Control of the God had appointed him to save his people
Company, it has come to be known as Wood’s from trouble, free them from the slavery of
Despatch. Outlining the educational policy that dikus (outsiders). Soon, thousands began
was to be followed in India, it emphasised once following Birsa, believing that he was
again the practical benefits of a system of Bhagawan (God) and had come to solve all their
European learning, as opposed to Oriental problems.
knowledge. Introducing them to European Statement 2 is correct: The followers of Birsa
ways of life would change their tastes and Munda included other tribals of the region,
desires, and create a demand for British such as Santhals and Oraons. All of them, in
goods, for Indians would begin to appreciate different ways, were unhappy with the
and buy things that were produced in Europe. changes they were experiencing and the
Wood’s Despatch also argued that European problems they were facing under British
learning would improve the moral character rule. Their familiar ways of life seemed to be
of Indians. It would make them truthful and disappearing, their livelihoods were under
honest, and thus supply the Company with civil threat, and their religion appeared to be in
servants who could be trusted and depended danger, thus started the Munda Rebellion
upon under the leadership of Birsa Munda.
Reference: NCERT, Class 8th, Our Pasts-III, Reference: Ncert, class 8th, Our Pasts III ,
Chapter 6 chapter 4
60. Ans: B 62. Ans: B

Exp: Exp:
Statement 1 is incorrect: After the failure of Tarabai Shinde, a woman educated at home at
the Cripps Mission, Mahatma Gandhi decided Poona, published a book, Stripurushtulna, (A
to launch his third major movement against Comparison between Women and Men),
British rule. This was the “Quit India” criticising the social differences between men
campaign, which began in August 1942. and women.
Statement 2 is correct: “Quit India” was Reference: NCERT,Class 8th,Our Pasts-III,
genuinely a mass movement, bringing into its Chapter 7.
ambit hundreds of thousands of ordinary
Indians. In several districts, such as Satara in 63. Ans: C
the west and Medinipur in the east, Exp:
“independent” governments were Statement 1 is correct: By the nineteenth
proclaimed. The British responded with much century, tribal people in different parts of India
force, yet it took more than a year to suppress were involved in a variety of activities. As most
the rebellion. of the tribal population remained in isolation,
Statement 3 is correct: Although Gandhiji they had not adopted mainstream agricultural
was jailed at once, younger activists organised practises. So most of them practised jhum
strikes and acts of sabotage all over the country. cultivation, that is, shifting cultivation. This
Particularly active in the underground was done on small patches of land, mostly in
16
forests. The cultivators cut the treetops to allow combining modern instruction with Sikh
sunlight to reach the ground, and burned the teachings.
vegetation on the land to clear it for cultivation. Reference: NCERT,Class 8th,Our Pasts-III,
Statement 2 is correct: They spread the ash Chapter 7.
left behind by burning forests, which
contained potash, to fertilise the soil. They 65. Ans: C
used the axe to cut trees and the hoe to scratch Exp:
the soil in order to prepare it for cultivation. Statement 1 is correct: Before the arrival of
Statement 3 is incorrect: After preparing the the British, in many areas, the tribal chiefs were
ground for cultivation, they broadcast the seeds, important people. They enjoyed a certain
that is, scattered the seeds on the field instead amount of economic power and had the right to
of ploughing the land and sowing the seeds. administer and control their territories.
Once the crop was ready and harvested, they Statement 2 is correct: In some places, they
moved to another field. A field that had once had their own police and decided on the local
been cultivated was left fallow for several rules of land and forest management.
years. Statement 3 is correct: The tribal chiefs were
Reference: Ncert, class 8th, Our Pasts III , allowed to keep their land titles over a cluster
chapter 4 of villages and rent out lands like they did
before the British rule, but they lost much of
64. Ans: C their administrative power and were forced to
Exp: follow laws made by British officials in India.
The Prarthana Samaj: Established in 1867 The Tribal chiefs also had to pay tribute to the
in Bombay, the Prarthana Samaj sought to British and discipline the tribal groups on
remove caste restrictions, abolish child behalf of the British. They lost the authority
marriage, encourage the education of women, they had earlier enjoyed among their people and
and end the ban on widow remarriage. Its were unable to fulfil their traditional functions.
religious meetings drew upon Hindu,Buddhist, Reference: Ncert, class 8th, Our Pasts III ,
and Christian texts. chapter 4.
The Veda Samaj :Established in Madras
(Chennai) in 1864, the Veda Samaj was 66. Ans: A
inspired by the Brahmo Samaj. It worked to Exp:
abolish caste distinctions and promote widow Statement 1 is incorrect : Child Marriage
remarriage and women’s education. Its Restraint Act was passed in 1929 without any
members believed in one God. They bitter debates and struggles that earlier laws had
condemned the superstitions and rituals of seen.
orthodox Hinduism. Statement 2 is correct : According to the Act,
Derozio and Young Bengal: Henry Louis no man below the age of 18 and woman below
Vivian Derozio, a teacher at Hindu College, the age of 16 could marry.
Calcutta, in the 1820s, promoted radical ideas Statement 3 is incorrect: Subsequently, these
and encouraged his pupils to question all limits were raised to 21 for men and 18 for
authority. Referred to as the Young Bengal women.
Movement, his students attacked tradition and Reference: NCERT,Class 8th,Our Pasts-III,
custom, demanded education for women, and Chapter 7.
campaigned for freedom of thought and
expression. 67. Ans: B
The Singh Sabha Movement: Reform Exp:
organisations of the Sikhs, the first Singh Option A is incorrect: The lives of tribal
Sabhas were formed at Amritsar in 1873 and groups were directly connected to the forest. So
at Lahore in 1879. The Sabhas sought to rid changes in forest laws had a considerable effect
Sikhism of superstitions, caste distinctions, and on tribal lives. The British extended their
practises seen by them as non‐Sikh. They control over all forests and declared that forests
promoted education among the Sikhs, often were state property. Some forests were
17
classified as reserved Forests because they 69. Ans: D

produced timber that the British wanted. Exp:
Option B is correct: The British stopped the Statement 1 is correct: After celebrating
tribal people from living inside forests, and thus "Independence Day," Mahatma Gandhi
the labour supply stopped. The Forest announced a plan to lead the "Salt March"
Department established forest villages for against a disliked British law granting the
the regular supply of cheap labour, and in state a monopoly over salt. Despite informing
return, tribals will be provided with a small Viceroy Lord Irwin in advance, the significance
patch of land in the forest. of this action eluded him. On March 12, 1930,
Option C is incorrect: The Munda rebellion Gandhi commenced the Dandi march from
was fought under the leadership of Birsa Munda Sabarmati Ashram toward the ocean to defy
against the oppressive colonial laws, but it the British salt tax and promote civil
failed due to the death of Birsa Munda. Yet the disobedience.
movement was significant in a way that it Statement 2 is correct: In the wake of the Salt
forced the colonial government to introduce March, nearly 60,000 Indians were arrested,
laws so that the land of the tribals could not among them, Gandhiji himself was arrested.
be easily taken over by dikus. Statement 3 is correct: It was the first
Option D is incorrect: Most tribes had nationalist activity in which women
customs and rituals that were very different participated in large numbers. The socialist
from those laid down by Brahmans. These activist Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay had
societies also did not have the sharp social persuaded Gandhiji not to restrict the protests to
divisions that were characteristic of caste men alone. Kamaladevi was herself one of
societies. numerous women who courted arrest by
Reference: Ncert, class 8th, Our Pasts III , breaking the salt or liquor laws.
chapter 4. Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Theme 11.
68. Ans: A 70. Ans: D

Exp: Exp:
Option A is correct: Statement 1 is incorrect: At the end of
The Constituent Assembly had 300 members. December 1929, the Congress held its annual
The members were given vital assistance by session in the city of Lahore. The meeting was
two civil servants. One was B. N. Rau, significant as the election of Jawaharlal Nehru
Constitutional Advisor to the Government of as President signified the passing of the baton
India, who prepared a series of background of leadership to the younger generation.
papers based on a close study of the political Statement 2 is incorrect: The other
systems of other countries. The other was the significant event was the proclamation of
Chief Draftsman, S. N. Mukherjee, who had the commitment to “Purna Swaraj”, or
ability to put complex proposals in clear legal complete independence at the Lahore
language. session. Now the pace of politics picked up
Rajendra Prasad was the President of the once more. On 26 January 1930, “Independence
Assembly, where he had to steer the discussion Day” was observed, with the national flag being
along constructive lines while making sure all hoisted at different venues, and patriotic songs
members had a chance to speak. being sung.
The lawyer and economist B.R. Ambedkar Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Theme 11.
served as Chairman of the Drafting
Committee of the Constitution. Serving with 71. Ans: D
him were two other lawyers, K.M. Munshi from Exp:
Gujarat and Alladi Krishnaswamy Aiyar from The grandson of Mughal Emperor Bahadur
Madras, both of whom gave crucial inputs in Shah II, Firoz Shah, wrote the majority of the
the drafting of the Constitution. Azamgarh Proclamation. The manifesto
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in outlines the various complaints of various
Indian History, Part 3 Chapter 4 social groups against the unjust colonial rule in
18
great detail and asserts the Mughals' capacity to Centre the power to take over a state
establish their suzerainty over India. administration on the recommendation of
Statement 1 is correct: The British the Governor. Article 356 empowers the
Government, in making zamindary settlements, President to issue a proclamation, if he is
imposed exorbitant Jumas (revenue demands). satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the
Such heavy revenue demand will have no government of a state cannot be carried on in
manner of existence in the Badshahi accordance with the provisions of the
Government; but on the contrary, the Jumas Constitution.
will be light, the dignity and honour of the Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in
zamindars safe, and every zamindar will have Indian History, Part 3 Chapter 4
absolute rule in his own zamindary.
Statement 2 is correct: The British 73. Ans: A
Government provided too many concessions to Exp:
British merchants for trade. Notwithstanding all Option A is correct: In 1854, the Court of
these concessions, the native merchants were Directors of the East India Company in London
liable to imprisonment and disgrace at the sent an educational despatch to the Governor-
instance or complaint of a worthless man. The General in India. Issued by Charles Wood, the
Badshahi government promised to do away President of the Board of Control of the
with all the fraudulent practises that existed Company, it has come to be known as Wood’s
under the British government. Despatch. Outlining the educational policy that
Statement 3 is correct: All the natives in the was to be followed in India, it emphasised once
British service ought to be alive to their religion again the practical benefits of a system of
and interests, abjure their loyalty to the English, European learning, as opposed to Oriental
side with the Badshahi Government, obtain knowledge.
salaries of 200 and 300 rupees a month for the Reference: NCERT, Class 8th, Our Pasts-III,
present, and be entitled to high posts in the Chapter 6
future.
Statement 4 is correct: The introduction of 74. Ans: A
English articles into India had thrown the Exp:
weavers, the cotton dressers, the carpenters, the Pair 1 is correctly matched: In Kanpur, the
blacksmiths, and the shoemakers, etc., out of sepoys and the people of the town gave Nana
employment, so that native artisans had been Sahib, the successor to Peshwa Baji Rao II, no
reduced to beggars. But under the Badshahi choice but to join the revolt as their leader.
government, the native artisans were to be Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: In Awadh,
exclusively employed in the service of the where the displacement of the popular Nawab
kings, the rajahs, and the rich. Wajid Ali Shah and the annexation of the state
Reference: NCERT, class 12th,Themes in were still very fresh in the memory of the
Indian History-III , Theme 10. people, the populace in Lucknow celebrated
the fall of British rule by hailing Birjis Qadr,
72. Ans: D the young son of the Nawab, as their leader.
Exp: Pair 3 is incorrectly matched:Gonoo, a tribal
Option D is correct: The Draft Constitution cultivator of Singhbhum in Chotanagpur,
encompassed three distinct lists of subjects: became a rebel leader of the Kol tribals of the
the Union List, the State List, and the region.
Concurrent List. Within this framework, the Pair 4 is incorrectly matched: Shah Mal
subjects enumerated in the Union List were mobilised the villagers of Pargana Barout in
designated as the exclusive jurisdiction of the Uttar Pradesh and emerged as a local leader in
Central Government. In contrast, the subjects the revolt. Gonoo, a tribal cultivator of
delineated in the State List were endowed with Singhbhum in Chotanagpur, became a rebel
authority vested in the respective states. The leader of the Kol tribals of the region.
Concurrent List delineated matters in which Reference: NCERT, class 12th,Themes in
both the centre and the states shared Indian History-III , Theme 10.
responsibility. Besides, Article 356 gave the
19
75. Ans: C themselves. They ate fruits and roots collected

Exp: from the forest and cooked food with the oil
Statement 1 is incorrect: In 1935, a new they extracted from the seeds of sal and mahua.
Government of India Act promised some form They used many forest shrubs and herbs for
of representative government. Two years later, medicinal purposes and sold forest produce in
in an election held on the basis of a restricted the local markets. When supplies of forest
franchise, the Congress won a comprehensive produce shrank, tribal people had to
victory. increasingly wander around in search of work
Statement 2 is correct: Eight out of 11 as labourers. But many of them, like the Baigas
provinces had a Congress “Prime Minister”, of central India, were reluctant to do work for
working under the supervision of a British others. The Baigas saw themselves as people
Governor. of the forest, who could only live on the
Statement 3 is correct: The Congress produce of the forest. It was below the
ministries resigned in October 1939. Through dignity of a Baiga to become a labourer.
1940 and 1941, the Congress organised a series Reference: Ncert, class 8th, Our Pasts III ,
of individual satyagrahas to pressure the rulers chapter 4.
to promise freedom once the war had ended.
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Theme 11. 78. Ans: B
Exp:
76. Ans: B Statement 1 is incorrect: Late in the afternoon
Exp: on 10th May 1857, the sepoys in the
Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah was one of the cantonment of Meerut broke out in mutiny. It
many maulvis who played an important part in began in the lines of the native infantry, spread
the revolt of 1857. Educated in Hyderabad, he very swiftly to the cavalry, and then to the city.
became a preacher when young. In 1856, he The ordinary people of the town and
was seen moving from village to village, surrounding villages also joined the sepoys in
preaching jehad (religious war) against the the revolt.
British and urging people to rebel. He moved in Statement 2 is correct: In the initial phase of
a palanquin, with drumbeaters in front and the revolt, the sepoys attacked white residents,
followers at the rear. He was therefore looted and burned their bungalows, and
popularly called Danka Shah—the maulvi destroyed their belongings after taking control
with the drum (danka). British officials of the bell of arms where the weapons and
panicked as thousands began following the ammunition were stored. The record office, jail,
maulvi, and many Muslims began seeing him as court, post office, treasury, and other
an inspired prophet. When he reached Lucknow government buildings were burned and
in 1856, he was stopped by the police from pillaged. A party of sepoys rode away
preaching in the city. Subsequently, in 1857, he towards Delhi as night fell. On May 11, early
was jailed in Faizabad. When released, he was in the morning, the sepoys arrived at the Red
elected by the mutinous 22nd Native Infantry as Fort's gates to meet the Mughal Emperor
their leader. He fought in the famous Battle of and seek his blessings.
Chinhat, in which the British forces under Statement 3 is correct: The sepoys that came
Henry Lawrence were defeated. to the gates of the Red Fort from Meerut
Reference: NCERT, class 12th,Themes in demanded that the emperor give them his
Indian History-III , Theme 10. blessings. Surrounded by the sepoys, Bahadur
Shah had no other option but to comply. The
77. Ans: A revolt thus acquired a kind of legitimacy
Exp: because it could now be carried on in the
In many regions, tribal groups lived by hunting name of the Mughal emperor.
animals and gathering forest produce. They saw Reference: NCERT, class 12th,Themes in
forests as essential for survival. The Khonds Indian History-III , Theme 10.
were such a community, living in the forests of
Orissa. They regularly went out on collective
hunts and then divided the meat amongst
20
79. Ans: A 81. Ans: A

Exp: Exp:
Shah Mal was one of the Important freedom After the revolt broke out in Meerut, the sepoys
fighters in the revolt of 1857 who mobilised marched towards Delhi. The sepoys arrived at
people on a large scale. He lived in a large the gates of the Red Fort early in the morning
village in Pargana Barout, Uttar Pradesh. He on May 11. It was the month of Ramzan, the
belonged to a clan of Jat cultivators whose Muslim holy month of prayer and fasting. The
kinship ties extended over Chaurasee Desh old Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah, had just
(eighty-four villages). Shah Mal mobilised the finished his prayers and meal before the sun
headmen and cultivators of Chaurasee des, rose and the fast began. He heard the
moving at night from village to village, urging commotion at the gates. Later, he was
people to rebel against the British. As in many proclaimed leader of the rebellion by all
other places, the revolt against the British participating groups.
turned into a general rebellion against all signs Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in
of oppression and injustice. Locally Indian History, Part III, Chapter 2
acknowledged as the Raja, Shah Mal took
over the bungalow of an English officer, 82. Ans: B
turned it into a “hall of justice”, settling Exp:
disputes and dispensing judgements. He also set On May 10, 1857, the sepoys in the cantonment
up an amazingly effective intelligence network. of Meerut broke out in mutiny. It began in the
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in lines of the native infantry, spread very swiftly
Indian History, Part III,Chapter 2. to the cavalry, and then to the city. The ordinary
people of the town and surrounding villages
80. Ans: D joined the sepoys. The sepoys captured the
Exp: bell of arms, where the arms and
Statement 1 is correct: In the 1857 revolt,the ammunition were kept, and proceeded to
sepoys who had arrived in Delhi from Meerut attack white people, and ransack and burn their
had told Bahadur Shah about bullets coated bungalows and property.
with the fat of cows and pigs and that biting Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in
those bullets would corrupt their caste and Indian History, Part III, Chapter 2
religion. They were referring to the cartridges
of the Enfield rifles, which had just been given 83. Ans: B
to them. Exp:
Statement 2 is correct: In January 1857, a Subsidiary Alliance was a system perfected by
“low-caste” khalasi who worked in the Lord Wellesley in 1798. All those who entered
magazine in Dum Dum had asked a Brahmin into such an alliance with the British had to
sepoy for a drink of water from his lota. The accept certain terms and conditions:
sepoy had refused, saying that the “lower • The British would be responsible for
castes” touch would defile the lota. The khalasi protecting their ally from external and
had reportedly retorted, “You will soon lose internal threats to their power. Hence,
your caste, as soon you will have to bite Statement 1 is correctly matched.
cartridges covered with the fat of cows and • In the territory of the ally, a British
pigs.” This incident shows caste armed contingent would be
discrimination. stationed. Hence, Statement 2 is
Statement 3 is correct: To Increase the pace of correctly matched.
the revolt, it was rumoured that the British • The ally would have to provide the
mixed bone dust from cows and pigs in the resources necessary to maintain this
flour that was sold in the market to corrupt the contingent. Hence, Statement 3 is
religion of the Indian people. incorrectly matched.
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in • The ally could enter into agreements
Indian History, Part III, Chapter 2 with other rulers or engage in warfare
only with the permission of the
21
British. Hence, Statement 4 is 86. Ans: B

incorrectly matched. Exp:
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in Pair 1 is incorrectly matched: The
Indian History, Part III, Chapter 2 Subsidiary Alliance was introduced by Lord
Wellesley in Hyderabad, India, in the year
84. Ans: C 1798. This policy was used to expand the
Exp: British Paramountcy.
After the revolt of 1857, there was so much Pair 2 is correctly matched: Doctrine of
anger and resentment towards the Sepoys in the Lapse was widely used by Lord Dalhousie,
British Populace that pleas for moderation were according to which the adopted son cannot be
ridiculed. When Governor General Canning the heir of the princely state and it will come
declared that a gesture of leniency and a show under British rule.
of mercy would help in winning back the Pair 3 is correctly matched: General Service
loyalty of the sepoys, he was mocked in the Enlistment Act was introduced by Lord
British press. In one of the cartoons published Canning in the year 1856, according to which
in the pages of Punch, a British journal of comic the army was required to serve overseas if
satire, Canning is shown as a looming father required by the Company.
figure, with his protective hand over the head of Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in
a sepoy who still holds an unsheathed sword in Indian History, Part III, Chapter 2.
one hand and a dagger in the other, both
dripping with blood—an imagery that recurs in 87. Ans: B
a number of British pictures of the time. Exp:
The Cartoon was titled,”The Clemency Of Option B is correct: During the British
Canning” and the caption at the bottom read: colonial era, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar held a stance
“Governor General: ‘Well, then they shan’t opposing the Congress. However, upon
blow him from nasty guns; but he must promise Mahatma Gandhi's counsel, he was invited to
to be a good little sepoy’.” become a part of the Union Cabinet as the Law
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in Minister after India's independence. In this role,
Indian History, Part III, Chapter 2 he assumed the chairmanship of the Drafting
Committee for the Constitution.
85. Ans: A Collaborating alongside him were two
Exp: additional legal experts, K.M. Munshi
One important record of the mutiny is the representing Gujarat and Alladi
pictorial images produced by the British and Krishnaswamy Aiyar representing Madras,
Indians: paintings, pencil drawings, etchings, both of whom made pivotal contributions to the
posters, cartoons, and bazaar prints. British Constitution-drafting process. Ambedkar
pictures offer a variety of images that were himself had the responsibility of guiding the
meant to provoke a range of different emotions Draft Constitution through the Assembly. This
and reactions. Some of them commemorate the took three years in all, with the printed record
British heroes who saved the English and of the discussions taking up eleven bulky
repressed the rebels. “Relief of Lucknow”, volumes.
painted by Thomas Jones Barker in 1859, is Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in
an example of this type. When the rebel forces Indian History, Part 3 Chapter 4
besieged Lucknow, Henry Lawrence, the
Commissioner of Lucknow, collected the 88. Ans: B
Christian population and took refuge in the Exp:
heavily fortified Residency. Lawrence was Before the revolt of 1857, Awadh was the last
killed, but the Residency continued to be territory to be annexed by the British, but the
defended under the command of Colonel Inglis. process of annexation had started a long way
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in back.
Indian History, Part III, Chapter 2 Statement 1 is incorrect: In 1801, the
Subsidiary Alliance was imposed on Awadh.
22
Statement 2 is correct: In the year 1856, textbooks now began to be produced for
Governor-General Dalhousie declared that schools.
Awadh was being misgoverned and that British Reference: NCERT, Class 8th, Our Pasts-III,
rule was needed to ensure proper Chapter 6
administration. Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was
dethroned and exiled to Calcutta, and Awadh 91. Ans: B
was annexed. Exp:
Reference: NCERT, class 8th, Our Past III, The British had regained control of the country
Chapter 5 by the end of 1859, but they could not carry on
ruling the land with the same policies any more.
89. Ans: C Below are the important changes that were
Exp: introduced by the British:
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Draft • The British Parliament passed a new
Constitution provided for three lists of Act in 1858 and transferred the powers
subjects: Union, State, and Concurrent. The of the East India Company to the
subjects in the first list were to be the preserve British Crown in order to ensure a more
of the Central Government, while those in the responsible management of Indian
second list were vested with the states. As for affairs. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
the third list, here the Centre and the state • A member of the British Cabinet was
shared responsibility. appointed Secretary of State for India
Statement 2 is correct: The Union had and made responsible for all matters
control over minerals and key industries. related to the governance of India.
Besides, Article 356 gave the Centre the power Hence, Statement 2 is correct
to take over a state administration on the • He was given a council to advise him,
recommendation of the Governor. called the India Council.
Statement 3 is correct: The Constitution also • The Governor-General of India was
mandated a complex system of fiscal given the title of Viceroy, that is, a
federalism. In the case of some taxes (for personal representative of the Crown.
instance, customs duties and Company taxes), Through these measures, the British
the Centre retained all the proceeds; in other government accepted direct
cases (such as income tax and excise duties) it responsibility for rulingIndia. Lord
shared them with the states; in still other cases Canning was the first Viceroy of India.
(for instance, estate duties) it assigned them Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect
wholly to the states. The states, meanwhile, Reference: NCERT, class 8th, Our Past III,
could levy and collect certain taxes on their Chapter 5
own which included land and property taxes,
sales taxes, and the hugely profitable tax on 92. Ans: A
bottled liquor. Exp:
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in Option A is correct: From the late nineteenth
Indian History, Part 3 Chapter 4 century onward, Maharashtra witnessed the
emergence of a non-Brahman movement
90. Ans: D aimed at challenging both the caste system and
Exp: landlordism. By the 1930s, this movement had
Option D is correct: Following Macaulay’s established connections with the broader
minute, the English Education Act of 1835 national movement. In the year 1943, a group
was introduced. The decision was to make of youthful leaders hailing from the Satara
English the medium of instruction for higher district in Maharashtra formed an alternative
education and to stop the promotion of administration known as the "prati sarkar,"
Oriental institutions like the Calcutta alongside volunteer groups termed "seba
Madrasa and Benaras Sanskrit College. dals" and village units referred to as "tufan
These institutions were seen as “temples of dals." This initiative involved the operation of
darkness that were falling into decay”. English people's courts and constructive initiatives.
Predominantly led by Kunbi peasants and
23
backed by dalits, the Satara prati sarkar system of the Subsidiary Alliance was
continued to function until the 1946 elections, imposed on the state.
enduring government opposition and, in its later Reference : Class 8th NCERT, Our Pasts -III,
phases, disapproval from the Congress. Chapter 2
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Theme 11.
95. Ans: A
93. Ans: D Exp: After the revolt of 1857, the British crown
Exp: understood that they should stay away from the
After the revolt of 1857, the British regained Internal affairs of the Indian subcontinent if
their control of the country by the end of 1859, they had to rule the subcontinent in the future,
and then they ended up having an agreement and for this, they took various steps. Some of
with the rulers of the princely states with the them are:
following provisions: • The proportion of Indian soldiers in
• All the ruling chiefs of the country the army would be reduced, and the
were assured that their territory would number of European soldiers would
never be annexed in future. Hence, be increased. It was also decided that
Statement 1 is correct. instead of recruiting soldiers from
• They were allowed to pass on their Awadh, Bihar, central India, and south
kingdoms to their heirs, including India, more soldiers would be recruited
adopted sons. Hence, Statement 2 is from among the Gurkhas, Sikhs, and
correct. Pathans. Hence, Statement 1 is
• They were made to acknowledge the incorrect.
British Queen as their Sovereign • The British decided to respect the
Paramount. Thus, the Indian rulers customary religious and social
were to hold their kingdoms as practises of the people in India. Hence,
subordinates of the British Crown. Statement 2 is correct.
Hence, Statement 3 is correct. • Policies were made to protect
Reference: NCERT, class 8th, Our Past III, landlords and zamindars and give
Chapter 5 them security of rights over their
lands. Hence, Statement 3 is
94. Ans : A incorrect.
Exp : Reference: NCERT, class 8th, Our Past III,
Statement 1 is incorrect : During British Chapter 5.
India, in the 18th century, Mysore controlled
the profitable trade of the Malabar coast, where 96. Ans: C
the Company purchased pepper and cardamom. Exp: Much before the event of 1857, there had
In 1785 , Tipu Sultan stopped the export of taken place another event of a similar nature at
sandalwood, pepper, and cardamom through a place called Khurda in 1817. The uprising was
the ports of his Kingdom and also disallowed set off on March 29, 1817, as the Paiks attacked
local merchants from trading with the the police station and other government
Company. establishments at Banpur, killing more than a
Statement 2 is correct: Tipu Sultan hundred men and taking away a large amount
established a close relationship with the of government money. Soon, its ripples spread
French in India; he also took their help to in different directions, with Khurda becoming
modernise his army in order to fight the its epicentre. The zamindars and ryots alike
British. joined the Paiks with enthusiasm. Those who
Statement 3 is incorrect : in 1799, the did not, were taken to task. A ‘no-rent
company ultimately won a victory against Tipu campaign’ was also started. The British tried
Sultan in the battle of Seringapatam. Tipu was to dislodge the Paiks from their entrenched
killed defending his capital, Seringapatam. position but failed.
Following this, Mysore was placed under the Reference: NCERT, class 8th, Our Past III,
former ruling dynasty of Wodeyars, and the Chapter 5
24
97. Ans: A Gandhi sought to conjoin it to the Non-

Exp: cooperation Movement.
Sitaram Pande was recruited in 1812 as a sepoy Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Theme 11.
in the Bengal Native Army. He served the
English for 48 years and retired in 1860. He 100. Ans: C
helped the British suppress the rebellion, Exp:
though his own son was a rebel and was Madigas was an important untouchable caste of
killed by the British in front of his eyes. On present-day Andhra Pradesh. They were
retirement, he was persuaded by his experts at cleaning hides, tanning them for use,
Commanding Officer, Norgate, to write his and sewing sandals.
memoirs. He completed the writing in 1861 in Reference: NCERT,Class 8th,Our Pasts-III,
Awadhi, and Norgate translated it into English Chapter 7.
and had it published under the title “From
Sepoy to Subedar.”
Reference: NCERT, class 8th, Our Past III,
Chapter 5
98. Ans: A
Exp:
Option A is correct: The Constituent
Assembly comprised 300 members, with six
members assuming particularly vital roles.
Among them, three were Congress
representatives: Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhbhai
Patel, and Rajendra Prasad. Notably, it was
Jawaharlal Nehru who introduced the pivotal
"Objectives Resolution" and the resolution
advocating the National Flag of India to be a
"horizontal tricolour of saffron, white, and
dark green in equal proportion," featuring a
navy blue wheel at its centre..
Reference: NCERT, Class 12th, Themes in
Indian History, Part 3 Chapter 4
99. Ans: A
Exp:
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Khilafat
Movement, (1919-1920) was a movement of
Indian Muslims, led by Muhammad Ali and
Shaukat Ali.
Statement 2 is correct: It demanded that the
Turkish Sultan or Khalifa should maintain
authority over the significant Muslim holy
sites within the former Ottoman empire. The
regions of jazirat-ul-Arab (encompassing
Arabia, Syria, Iraq, and Palestine) should
remain under Muslim governance.
Additionally, the Khalifa must possess
adequate land to safeguard the integrity of the
Islamic faith.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The Congress
supported the movement and Mahatma

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Prelims Wallah Test 2024

2. It aimed to spread the knowledge of 3. Thomas Babington Macaulay

bring about greater Orientalist vision of learning ?

(b) Raja Ram Mohan roy 1. Veerasalingam Association for

(c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati Pantulu Widow

(b) Shri Narayana Guru (d) 3 only

(c) Mahatma Gandhi

11. Consider the following pairs of Movements

1. Madrasa was set up in 1781 in Calcutta (a) 1 only

to promote the study of Arabic and (b) 2 only

Persian. (c) Both 1 and 2

2. Hindu College was established in (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Benaras in 1854 to encourage the study

private trade without paying taxes in

Codes: 67. In the context of the impact of British rule on

66. Consider the following regarding the Child

How many of the above are conditions of the alliance

Subsidiary Alliance? 2. Doctrine of Lord Dalhousie

(a) Only one Lapse

(b) Only two 3. General Service Lord Canning

(c) Only three Enlistment Act

(d) All four

3. To give security of rights over land to

99. With reference to the ‘Khilafat Movement’,

Prelims Wallah Test 2024

10. Ans: B untouchables were the true upholders of an

14. Ans: B Banaras Hindu University (BHU). This event

22. Ans: D 20,000 sailors in 78 ships and shore

Diwani right allowed the company to use the 36. Ans : A

38. Ans : C argued that for the impoverished rural

40. Ans: C 42. Ans: A

permanent. their labour. Our salvation can only come

55. Ans: A 58. Ans: C

60. Ans: B 62. Ans: B

classified as reserved Forests because they 69. Ans: D

68. Ans: A 70. Ans: D

75. Ans: C themselves. They ate fruits and roots collected

79. Ans: A 81. Ans: A

British. Hence, Statement 4 is 86. Ans: B

97. Ans: A Gandhi sought to conjoin it to the Non-

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