‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

STATICS
(ENGINEERING MECHANICS-I)

LECTURE # 11
Resultants in 3D

By

Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi October 15, 2023

 Contents
2

 Objectives of the present lecture

 Resultants
 Resultant Calculation
 Wrench resultant
 Problems
 A real life application
 Further reading

Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi October 15, 2023

 Objectives of the Present lecture
3

 To explain through examples how to replace a number of

forces acting on a rigid body by a simple resultant force
without altering the external effects.

Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi October 15, 2023

 Resultants
4

In general any system of forces may be replaced by its

resultant force R and the resultant couple M without altering
the external effects of the system (on the rigid body to which
the forces are applied).

Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi 10/15/2023

 Resultant Calculation
5

Vector Approach :

Resultant Force ( R) :
     
R = F1 + F2 + F3 ..........Fn = F

Resultant Moment ( M ) :
     
M = M 1 + M 2 + M 3 + .............. = (r  F )
Scalar Approach :
Resultant Force ( R) :
Rx = Fx R y = Fy Rz = Fz R = (Rx )2 + (Ry )2 + (Rz )2
Resultant Moment ( M ) :
     
M x = ( r  F ) x M y = ( r  F ) y M Z = ( r  F ) z M = (M x )2 + (M y )2 + (M z )2

Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi 10/15/2023

 Wrench Resultant
6

When the resultant couple vector M is parallel to the resultant force R,

the resultant is said to be a wrench.

Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi 10/15/2023

 Problem-1
7

Determine the resultant of

the force and couple
system which acts on the
rectangular solid.

Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi 10/15/2023

 Solution
8

In the present problem CCW

moments about x, y, and z-axes
will point towards the +ve x, y,
and z-axes respectively.

       
R = F = −80i + 80i + 100 j − 100 j − 50k + 50k = 0
       
M = M o = (80  1.2) j + (100  1)k + (50  1.6)i - 70i − 100k − 96 j
 
 M = 10i
Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi 10/15/2023
 Problem-2
9

Determine the resultant of

the force and couple
system which acts on the
rectangular solid.

Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi 10/15/2023

 Solution
10

In the present problem CCW

moments about x, y, and z-axes
will point towards the +ve x, y,
and z-axes respectively.

         
R = F = −80i + 80i + 135 j − 100 j − 60k + 50k = 35 j − 10k
       
M = M o = (80  1.2) j + (100  1)k + (50  1.6)i - 70i − 100k − 96 j
 
 M = 10i
Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi 10/15/2023
 Problem-3
11

Determine the resultant of the system of parallel forces

which act on the plate. Solve using vector approach.

Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi 10/15/2023

 Solution
12
      
R = F = −50 j + 500 j − 300 j + 200 j = 350 j N
r1 = ( x2 − x1 )i + ( y2 − y1 ) j + ( z2 − z1 )k
r1
 r1 = (0.5 − 0)i + (0 − 0) j + (0.35 − 0)k = 0.5i + 0.35k
r2
Similarly r 2 = (−0.5 − 0)i + (0 − 0) j + (0 − 0)k = −0.5i r3

Similarly r = (0 − 0)i + (0 − 0) j + (−0.35 − 0)k = −0.35k

3

M O = r1  F 1 + r 2  F 2 + r 3  F 3
i j k i j k i j k
M O = 0.5 0 0.35 + − 0.5 0 0 + 0 0 − 0.35
0 − 50 0 0 200 0 0 − 300 0
As all the forces are
 M O = −87.5i − 125k parallel to y-axis there is
no moment about y-axis.
Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi 10/15/2023
 Placement of Single resultant force R
13

  
r  R = Mo
     
( xi + yj + zk )  350 j = −87.5i − 125k
   
 −350 zi + 350 xk = −87.5i − 125k
 x = −125 / 350 = −0.357 m
 z = 87.5 / 350 = 0.25 m

Hence x = -0.357 m, and z = 0.25 m are the coordinates

through which the line of action of R must pass. The
value of y may, of course, be any value, as permitted by
the principle of transmissibility.

Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi 10/15/2023

 Example
14

Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi 10/15/2023

 Example
15

(x1, y1, z1)=6, 4, 0

(x2, y2, z2)=10, 6, -6
L2=(4)2 + (2)2+ (-6)2=56
L=7.48 m
Cos x=4/7.48= 0.535
Cos y=2/7.48= 0.267
Cos z= -0.802
Rx=3000+1000x0.53=3530 N
Ry= 1000x0.267=267 N
Rz= 2000+1000x(-0.80)=1200 N

Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi 10/15/2023

 Example
16

Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi 10/15/2023

 Further Reading
17

Read more about Resultants from:

J.L. Meriam and L.G. Kraige, Engineering Mechanics: Statics, Sixth

Edition, Chapter 2, Force Systems.

Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi October 15, 2023

 Thank You
18

Questions Please

Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi October 15, 2023