NGUYEN CONG TRO VA NHUNG VIEC ONG LAM HOI THE KY XIX Mot doi day nhong enge thang tram GUYEN Cong Tr sinh ngay mang mot thang 11 ndm ma (uit (178), tke cich day 195 nim. Ong m&t ngay 1 Uring 11 nam kj mit (1858) each day 115 nim, Nam nay [a nim thif 195 nm sinh cia Ong va cing [8 nim thir 115 nfm mit eiia ong. Nhdn dip nay, chiing ta cling nén da Ii euge 4@i cha dng xem Ong a3 lam duge nhiing gi trong xi hoi Vigt-nam hdi thé kj XIX, Qué hong Nguyéo Cong Trie 1a lang Uy- vida, mOt lang & etka song Lam, huyén Nghi- xudn, tinh Ha-tnh. Tén ty Ong 1a Tdn Chit, higa lA Ngo Trai, bigt higo 1a Hi Vin. Ong thin sinh ra Nguyén Cong Trt la pire nggn hu Nguyén Cong Tan, Ba than. sinh ra ang la Nguyén ‘Thi, con gal quan quan n9i thi Cinh nhge ba, nguol xd Phurong-dye, huyeo ‘Tougog-phic (nay la Thiedag-tin) tein Son nam (nay 12 Ha-tay). Nguy8n Cong Tin hoe gidi, van hay, nim ong 24 tdi thi @b huong gidi (cir nhan) Pdi duge ct gid chite ido thy phd Anh-son (Nghé- an), sau durge thing {én chite tri hayén huyén Quynh-edi, ri tri phi phi ‘Tién-hung (1h binh).Nam 1°87, kh quan Tay-son do Va Van Nham chi huy Uénra Thang-long tinh Nguyéu Hita Chluh, L@ Chien Théng bé kmh think chay tn, Ngvy€n Cong Thin md quan giip Chien Théng chdng lai quan ‘Tay-son. Ong auge Chia Thdng phong cho toe Dike ngan iu, (ham lan cae vige quan vy & trin Son- nam, ¢NghYa binh + cia Lé Chiéu Thong & Lat ch cite noi du bj quan Tay-son danh byi.Nan W) vua L@ (hoy ‘Ton St Nghj ehay sang nude AN TAN _ ‘Thanh, Nguy€n Cong Tin dink chgy theo vua, nbung khong kip. Ong tanh tr vé lang Uy- wen, mé trong day hoc. Sau kht doh bal quin Thanh, yua Quang ‘Trang bit tay vao vide xAy dung I9i dét nude, DE co nhan (ai, nha voa ha ¢Chigo c&u hin » Ba Rin nha vua vist the moi Nquyén Cong Tan ra lam quan, Dike ngan hau d&a ti chéi, abit dinh vui sdng trong cioh nghéo kho & Lang Uy-vid Nguydn Cong Trik sinh trudng trong mot gia dinh phong kiéa, nhung khi dng lon [én thi gia dia di suy syt, nghéo kho. Cong Trit thong minh v2 ham ge. Khong nhiny dng hge kY ede stch Tit hur, Ngii kink, bach gia, chu tir, ma dng cdn a2 ttm nghién edu cf che sich binh thu, bin php aia, ‘thay hoe Nguyén Cong Trit la Tham dée ho Lé rit ya Ong, nh&t ta van tho ea Ong. Van tho Nguyén Cong Trit ty ahién, thanb the vi thidt Une. Nam 1803, Gin Long t tal Nghé-an. NguyBn Cong Trit lie nay 25 tudi, Ong da inh cang Nghg-an ding mot bin aigu ten gol La That Dinh th§p sdeh ». Nam 1813, Nguyda Cong Trie a5 1 dng U5 gidi nguyen (1819) dng Ni 41 tdi. Nim 1820, Ong durge eff tam hanh tu Ouse sir quan, Nam 1821, thing bién tu Quéc sir quan, Nam 1823, duge bB lim tri huyén Dudng-hao, Nim 1824 Ong duge gol ve kink gli chute Jang trong & Thanb-lyi ty thuge bd Lyi, 31 G3i Lam Quse tir gidm te nghigp. Cudi n dudng ra Bac, tra Namnim 1824, Nguyén Cong Trit due Un'ng [én chite thlém siz bO Hin, Nim 1825 Ong durge ofr giit chute Thita thién phi phi thita, sau a6 duoc thing lén chite Tham higp trén Thanh-hoa. Hi nay con chéu nha Lé 18 1.6 Duy Luong dang ndi lén dau tranh chéng Ii trig dink. Quan 401 cla Day Lirong hoat adng manh & mln Hoa-binh va Thanh-héa. NauySa Cong Trik ding s6 én 8 xin di dinh Lé Duy Luong. Thang bay 1826, thin mau Nguyén Cong Trit mit. Oog xin v8 qué chju tang. Minn Mang chain y ya cho dng mot trim lang bge a8 chi v8 vige tang. Sau khi lo vide tang ma cho me xong Nguyén Cong Trit lal duge ci ra glit chitc ‘Tham hiép tran Thanh-hoa, Nguyén Cong ‘Tri chua ra dén ‘Thanh-hoa, thi cé chi sal éng ra thing Bac thanh gitt chite ‘Tham Lin quan vu. Sau ad, Ong duge thing hain Hinh b9 thi lang trong nom cng vige tao bioh & dinh Tong tran Bhe thdnd, Nam 1826 Phan Ba Vanh Linh dao ndng dan ndi 1én ch6ng lai trigu dinh § mi&o Thai-biob, Nam-djoh, Nam 1827 Minh Mang sai Nguy&n Cong Trt ra Bae cling voi Thdag quan Pham Vin Ly em quan di dinh Phan Ba Vinh, Tw niga dudng, Nguyén Cong Trt cho quan Uién danh cain ei cia nOng dan khdi ngbla. Phan Ba Vanh thua (rn, phdi rat v8 Tra-lii, Nguyén Cong Trif lal cho quan Agi che mit lién vao vay Tra-I8. Can ci Tra-lii bi pha, Phan Ba Vanh bj bat cing v61 765 téng Toh va néng dan kbd! nghta, Nghe tin thang trén, Minh Mang ci ming, thurdng cho Nguy8n Cdng ‘Trit mgt toa bach ngoc cham hinh ndi, mot con ngya bing mi ago va mot chiée kim khanh ¢6 khie bin chit «Lao nang khd tuéng >, Nam 1828, Nguyén Cong Trit duge voi ve kinh, va duge cf git chite thy Huh b) Hitu tham trl, ric lam Doanb dita st ra Bae khai khlin @St hoang & cae mia Thdi-binh, Nam-dinh, Ninh-binh. Céng vige khai hoang do Nguyén Cong Tr én banb 43 thavh cong t6t dep. Nam 1830, dng durge gol v8 kinh gitk chit Hau Tham tri bd Hioh, Nim 1831 dng bj gidng xu6ng lam tri huygn & Kinb, b Mang Mot xa hoi ngot mgat day nheng bat HONG rao néng dan Tay-son do Nguyén Hu@ link @go, sau khi @énh bai quan ‘Thanh xtm luge, 0 thi hanb nbi’u eft Nam 1832 Nuy8n Cong Trt lal duge thang len chire Lang trung ndi vu, rt duge clk ra Bac lam BS chanh Hal-duong. Cu6i nam 1832, Ong duge thing 1én lam Binh bo Tham tri, thy T8ng ade Hai-an, Nim 1833 Ning Van Van, tri chau chau Bio- Ige ndi djy chéng Iai triga dinb. Quan adi cia Vin Van tign dinh cée tinh Cao-bing, Lang-son, Quin 49i dja phirong chéng khong ndi, phat xin trigu dinh phat binh cia vign. Minh Mang phit sai Son-Hwng-Tuyén t8ng Sc 1k L@ Vin Ditc lam Tam tuyén ting ae quan vu, Hai-an thy Téng &S¢ 1A Nguyén Cong ‘Tré 1am Tham tan eling voi Ninh-Thai T3ag dc la Nguyén Vin Phd dem quan di daub Ning Van Van, Nim 1835 quan triga dink daub bat Ning Van Van. Nguydn Cong Trit cling v6l che quan Tong binh khéc duge voi v8 kinh trigu can. Ong @uge Minh Mang thing lén chitc Binh bd thugng thu, Itoh ebike Tong dSe Hai-an. Nam 1835, vi a8 mOt ngwoi ti cia tink vugt nauc, Ong bj gidng xudng bin cp, sau kndt phue duge ba cip. Nim 1839, Ong 1a! bj gidog chie xudng Lam Bind bd Haw Tham tri. Nam 1840, Nauyén Cong Trit durge thang len chite DO sat vién TA 40 ngy sit, ri durge ck ra Ha-nOi lim chi khio ky thi wong. Nam 1842 Ong bj ging xudng chite Bink bd Jang trung guyén Inh chitc tuan phir An- glang. Sau dé fl 1du, dng lal durge phong ham Binh b Thi lang, nhuog vin git che Tuan phi An-giang. Nam 1843, Nguyén Cong Trit duge thang 1én che Binh bO Tham tri 48 dén eudt nim fy, do bi vu edo, dng bi cach tudt mol ehite tuée va bj phat @i lam Ifuh & Hoh Quang-ngai. ‘Thang hai 1845, Nguyén Cong Trt duge cir lam Chi su bd Hloh, Dén thing tim 1846 Ong duge ctr gif chite quyta An sat tinh Quing- nydi, Sau dé hai thang, dng duge adi ve lam ‘Thira-thien phi Thira Nam 1817 Ong duge thing Thika-thiéa phit Doan. Lic may Ong @3 bay mui tudi. Ong xin ve buu tri, nhung Thigu Tr} khong cho, Bén nam 1848 bee Ty Bite nim dau, Nguyén Cong ‘Trt Lal xin vé hu tri mgt a nia, vb duge Ty Bite chun y. cong, ap bere, cach v8 kinh (6, v8 vin héa, v8 gido duc... nhim dua xi hOi Viét-enam bube sang mét giai dogn méi tién bd hon.Qua «Tung Tay hd phd» eta Nguyén Huy Lugag, bai ¢C3m ties, bai «Bat-trang vio dace, bai CHA chiu swan vongs cha Cao Huy Digu ching ta thy ndng nghlép, cdng nghigp va thuong nghiép cha nuée Viét-n: vio hing nam 1790, 1791 va 1792 dang tren a phda vinh va phat trién manh mé Thang bay nhugn nim wham ty (1792) vua Quang Trung mit 6 Phiexudn, Noi bé tridu agi Tay-son thigu mot nbn vat ed uy tin Vinh dgo, nitt ra lam hai phai xung @6t nhau kay gil : phal Bi Dfe Tayén va phai Vii Van Ding. Navin str chia r@ trong phong trao Tay-son, Nguyén Anh véi sy giéip dé eda tx bin Phap 18 ehite phin edng Iai quin adi Tay-son. Nam 1862 y tin ra Phi-xuda rdi_thia uring danh ta ae. Nha Tay-son sup dd, yaa Cinb Thinh bj bt, Léa ngéi vua, Gia Long cho khdi phuc lai m6t ché 4 phong kién con phan dong hon ché dO phony kign thoi Le mat. Ché 9 phong kign cha nha Nguyén duge cae triga Mink Mang, Thign Tri, Ty Bite ciing eé cing nghy cing di ngwgs lai lol feh cia dan tGc chdng Igi moi mong mudn tigo b6 cba nhan din. NO ai Jam tin tui maa méng tu bin chi nghfa vita méi 16 lén hoi thé ky XVII. No lam cho edng nghigp, thurong nghiép va néng ngigp khong th8 phat (rin duge. Cac vua nha Nguyéo 43 thé Geo ky bet cic edi cach vin hda va giao dye ma triéu dai ‘Tay-son di tifa hanb. Chi Han lyt duge cot lam thie chi viét chinh Unre cia nue Vietnam, Ché dd quan Meu cia nba Ngay8a cag, ngay cing cdng kénh va thoi nat. Quan lai 16n cing nh bé dua nbau due khoét nhin dan a lam glau. Cac vua nha Ngoyéo nhw Gia Long, Mink Mang, Thigu Tri, Ty Dire cling vo vét cia nhao dan r&t nbigu a@ xay cung dign va Ving thn, Nhing dan phu bj cudng bite di xay cung aign va Ling thm phil lao dng va sng nhu nd 1g vay. Maa nao tinte dy, cic yua nba Nguyéo con bit nhan dn sudt Bae, Trang, Nam cung tién cho ho nhing clin ngon val ly nhw ohiin, vii, cam V.V¥... nifa, Nhan dan tir Thanh, Nghé, Tinh tro ra Béc bj phan biét d6i xik. Ho bi cc vaa nha Nguyen ngo la khong trung thin véi triga dink, va ho phai dng thué ong hon nhin dan tr Quing-binh trd vao Nam. Cae vua nha Nguyén cin co nap tai, nheng hy Igi sy mhan tai, Gla Long nhe c6 sy cong tac cia Nguyén Van Thanh, Lé Chat, Lé Van Duyét, Dang Tria Thuong viv... dank di duge Tay-son va leo duge 1én ngdi bau, Nhung mot khi ngdi vitog (rén ngal ving, Gia Long a Kit hat nhiing ngudi aa day cong gitip gidp minh, Dadi tru dink Minh Mang ilén luot Le Van Duyét va 1.6 Chit bj tri toi, mfe du hai ngudi nay di chét rdi. MA Lé Vin Dayét bj , ben trén dong mgt edi ee 6 xich 5 «Day 1a noi tén quyén_yem Lé Van Dayét phue php » MA Lé Chat eiing bj san phing va bén (én cing d® may chit: «Day la nol Le Chat phye phip». Nhdn dan nghi ngd, chan nin nba Nguyéo ngay sau khi Gia Long len ngdi vua duge ba nam, Nam 1804, nong dan & Thal-nguyén ndi day ehdng Iai tridu dinh, Tt dy phong trio nong dan ndi Gép mbau nd ra sudt adi Gia Long, @i Minh Mang, doi Thigu Trj va doi Tw Dite. ‘Vat c& cdc phong trao chdng Neny8u nay ndi Ién ring néng dan Vigl-nam c6 ging Lip hop lai lye Ingng d® quat a3 nha Nguyén, mot tridu dal thi dich vol dfn tQc. Niung ndng dan ehua cé digu kién tip hop lye legng trén pham vi toan quéc dé dau tranh mot mat mét con v6i nha Nguyén, Bo 1d mot trong nhing nguyén nhdn knign cho phong trao ndng din Viét-nam hoi thé ky XIX, mie dau liga tue n8 ra dén gin 80 nim nhuwag chua bao gid phat tity thanh phong trao toan quée. Néu nh khong diya duge vio ndng din d& 6 mot thay A3i 1én trong xi hoi, tht lam thé nado quét sych duge cic nho bin day rly trong xi hi Vidtenam hii thé ky XIX? BOi VOL nhiing mba tri thike nine Nguyén Cong Trit, chi con co m9t con dudng: Dem tat kink bang té thé ca minh dua xi hol dén trang thal thai Dinh thinh tri. Hoai bio cia Nguyén Cong Trk gip mot val chuéng nggi lon, D6 1k DO may quan leu Ur vua eho dén quan rit cng kénh cia tri8u Nguyén. Vua efing plu quan trigu Nguyen so ho di ygt bd bfit ei cdi each mao, Nim 184% dai iy bai quan Php Phé-tieh Pha-vanh Lé-véch (Félix Favin Lévéque) cbt huy chién han L'Héroine dé Di ae aon cae gido st Phap bj clm ti. ‘Trong khi cho agi, Pha-vanh Lé-véeh co dip néi chuyén voi quan [ai Vigl-nam. Bon nay cho vién dal ty Phap biét: «NuGe ching toi di gift tinh trong nay tir liu, va chiing tdi hi veng ring trong cach,tuong lal, nue ching (di sé vin tiép tye git nguyén tinh trang do» (1). Chi traong chinh tr) phin ang eta vaa quan nha Nguyéo 1a ogayén nhan siu xa tao nén tén bi kich tinh thn ela cuge doi Nguyen Cong Tr, mgt nhén vat wu thoi min thé, Mot con ngwoi day nhwng mau thudn, ON ngudi Nguyén Cong Trt la ch mot d My nhing mau thodn. ‘Ong ca tung cong hiv khanh tong va t8 ra mudn lam cng hau khanh twéng, nhung cing v8 cud doi dng, dng Iai trho 1dug, chim biém cong hau khanh tong, Ong col luvin ly cha Nho giao 1a khudn vang thude ngge cho moi hinh dgng cita ké st. Chinh dng di viél : Thurgng vi dite hq vi dan Sép hai chit quan than ma gaah véc C6 truny higw nén ding trong roi dat. Nhung ty Nguyén Cong Trit, dng lal sng mot cheb rit phong ting, & ngodl vong kiém tba ela 18 gido phong kign. & ch} nay, ta thdy Nguyén Cong Tri loc quan, 8 chd khae ta Iai thdy dng hét site bi quan, tién cue. Tal sao trong con ngudi Nguyén Cong Trit Isi co nbi@a mau thud nhu thé? Xét_toan bd, cude dol Nyuséa Cong Trt, ching ta thy nhitny mau thudo trong dng rit Wo-gich v6i nhau. Nam 1803, Nguyén Cong Trit <5 tudi, Gia Long trén dong ra Bile yhé lal & Nghé-an, Nguyén Cang Trt him ho dn baoh cong Nghé-an dua cho vi wua dau cia triga Nguyén bin « Thai binb thap sich». Vide lm nay td ra dng tin tudng & tride Nguyén, cho ring ede vua nha Nguyen 6 kha ming lam cho xf hQi duge thi binh thinh tri. Nauyén Gong Trt Iai cang 18 ra yeu doi, Un doi kbi dng vit: Chi tam trai nam bée déng tay, Cho phi site vig ving trong bbn be. Gling 66 lic may tudn séng vy Quyét ra tay buim tai iran cudng phong. Chi nhiéng toun x8 nai lip sing Lam nén ding anh hing adu diy (3. Nhwog vua quan nha Nguyén Ja nhitng ngudl ghét nhan til, so cdi cach, thi [am sao ho lal co the d8 cho Nguyr: Cong ‘Trit «vay m he muda dem «chi nam nbi» va modo ora tay kinh (> d& Lam cho x h@i thai binh thinh trj, nhung trong qua trink hanb dng 3 vép phai b9 may vua quan bio thi, mit quang lam cho dng nhigu phen that bai chua cay, ving trong bin bes wa «xé nui lap songs duge ? Voa quan nha Nguyén ding Nguyén Cong ‘Trt, ulumg ho chi mudn ding Ong nb nbiing ké Uhira hanh nbfm mit. Ho lo sg khi thiy dog ¢him bd» mudn era tai kink ts, BO 1 nguyén nhain xa khién cho ho, sau khi dua Nguyén Cong Tré ién minh voi, lal lap tite dap Ong xudng lung cho ! NeuySo ‘Trét am quan voi nha Nguyén t8t cd hai muoi bay nim. Trong thoi gian hal muoi bay nim fy. Ong dX cOng hién cho tridu Nyoyén rit nbigu. Ong a4 déoh bai ngbfa quan cilia Phan B4 Vanb vi bit sing duge thé Mab quin. Ong 4% pha tan quan adi cia Nang Van Van, kiién cho Vn Van phil ohdy lira ma chét. Ong di thank cdng rye ro trong ehinh sich khai hoang. Trong thot glan lam quan. & Lit ed mot noi, Nguy8n Cong Tri déut8 ra thank liém, va rét quan tim én trach nhiém cia mioh... Mot ngudi c6 cong lao voi nba Nguyén nh vay, ma bj gling chite vi cach chite dén nd Wn! Dén nim 70 tudi, dng mél duge cir gi chitc Thira thién phi Dofn. Thdy 6 nbimg chua chit trén con duéng sT hoan, cho nén dng a3 vist: Trén duéng danh toi vinh lién nhue Gitta cude train ai khdc ln cardi ! Nguyén Cong Trit di co dip thay r5 adi vot trigu dinb nba Nguyéo, etai kinh t&> va e chi nam whi+ cha dng chi 1a nhitng cai mang tai gay va ma théi Trén dwéng doi, dng di c6 dip thay ro ring ké thamh cong khong phat 1a ké c6 tai, ma Ia ké 6 ttn co thé, ké thét bai khong phdi la ké bat tal, ma la ké «tir cd v6 than», Ong a3 viét: Khon khéo chéing qua thang cb eiia, Yeu vi diu dén dita khéng nha. Cang ¥8 cudi adi mink, Nguyén Cong Trt cing tro nén bi quan, tiga etc, Nam 1347 sé dT Ong khang khiing Gol v8 hua, chi yeu Lavi Ong khOng lim sao co the thi trio c&i eehi nam nbt+ va cdi «tal kink (> cha Ong nita, Triéu dinb nha Nguyén khong nbirogniv 40 6ng Iai khéng cho 6ng «ra tay kinh té», ma con ding nhigu thi dogn tan byo dt lam tda chiét § cht phiin dfu cia Ong. Ngoy8n Cong Tok la mOt sf plu phong kién €6 Inong tim. Ong ding hO nhd Nuyén, hung, Jai nhin thfy Unh trang bé the frm trong cha xd hdi dwong théi, cho nén dng di bam hd muén deme chi nam nhis va mudn ere tay kinh 18» 48 lam cho x@ héi duge thai bink thinh tri. Toy Ong theo Iénh triga dink dan ap. néng dn khdi nghfa, nhung dng lai abin thiy nhimng bSt céng cha xi hdi, doi s6ng co cyc cha phan dan, Ong khéng ding vé phia nban dén, nbwng van cé tinh than dan le mot phan nao. Khi buée vio adi, Nauyén Cong Trt c6 mot ¥ chi phin dau hét site kién cudng. Ong ham hd mudn fem tai ning raphue va hal chit quia thin. Niurog sau hal muoi biy nim lao vao con dudng st hoan, ¥ chi phin dfu cita Ong ai bi ba gay. Sau nim 1852, Nguyén Cong Trit lei chng chin nin, Nhan din huyén ‘Hi8n-héi_ wdng nuée nhé ngudn, c6 I’m mot sinh ti the Ong dngay cai n&n toa doanh didn sit ci rBi cir ngwrdi yao Ha-tTInh mai dng ta chet. ‘ThE ri mdi nam gip ngdy sinh nhat dng, nhan dan dén 1é va ruéc ong nhe mot vi thin s6ng. MOt vién th} vé ela Tu Bite thay thé Un ngdin bao v8 triga dinh Hog ring Nguyén Cong Tri cd di cht. Ty Dite sai T3ng 6c Hoang Vin Thy digu tra, rBi Adi Cong Tri v8 kinh A¥ xét hdl. Nyuyén Cong ‘Tr danb phat ti bigt mign Ti8a-hai vao Hue, Nh@ ede hé ban minh oan, dng duge tro ve qué quan, sau mOt thoi gian & Hug, Tir dy Ong khdng ra Bie nik, Nauyén Cong Trit suyt chét, vi ong duge nhan dan yeu mén v2 kin trong | Nhang ché yéu,chd xéu trong cuge doi eta mgt nhan vat hang say hanh dong GUYEN CONG TAN thin phy Nguyén Cong. N ‘rit do chéng phong trio néng din Tay-son ma duge Lé Chiéu Théng phong cho elite Tham tin quan va & Son-nam, {ue Bite ngan hia. Cho «én chét Nguyén Cong Tan vin khéng chju céng tic v6i triéu dyi TAy-son, mac dau yua Quang Trung nhiéu lio méi ong ra lam quan vol tin triga. Nguyén Cong Trit 44 sng trong cal khong khi chdng néng din khéi nghTa nhw thé, cho nén ching ta khOng l4y 1am la khi théy Ong rAl ich eye di danh nghfa quan cia Phan Ba Vanb, quan @gi cia Ning Van Van va quan 495 cla Lé Day Luong. Bay la mot di¥m den trong toan bd cudc doi Nguyén Cong Tri, no lam cho val tro etia éng trong lich sk mit gid tr] rét nbigy Nam 1826 khi d&y nghfa quan danh lai trig din nha Nguyén, Phan Ba Vanh m1 mOt vide phi byp vol yéu cau phat tritn eta dan te : déub 43 trlu dinb phong klén phin dong, tao digu kign cho xf bol bude sang mét ché 46 méi tiga b6 hon. Dan ap ndng dan khéinghTa cia Phan Ba Vanb la gin cin xf hdl tign 1én, 12 kim ham sur phat triém cha dan dc. Viée lam cia Nguyén Cong Trit nam 1826 khi Ong chi buy cac dao quaa nhit 18 Uén vio lang Tri-td dB bAt-Phan Ba Yanh, Ia hoan ton 6 hal cho yéu cau phat trifn cha x3 bO). Vite lam cia dng chi co mot tke dung : cing eS ché 49 phong kién phan agng cha nha Nguyén di bj nhdn din 1én 40 ngay tir _khi né mé1 duge dung 1én, Trong Unh bioh xf hol Vigt-nom hi md du thé kj XIX, vide Nguyn Cong Trit dem quan @anh quan 461 cia Lé Day Luong va qua dpi cia Ning Van Van cing khong phi hgp vol nguyén vong cia nhin dan, va khong dem Ii Ipl feh xl cho dan t6c. Ve mit tw tudng, con ngwoi Ngayéa Cong Tri cing c6 nhidu bibu hign tieu eve. Bidu hign Ha cwe thik nh’t 1a tw tedng hah ige ca dng. Ong thich hanh !ge, va aa ca tung hanh Ige, Ong da vidt : Cage hauh lac bao nhiéa ta Iai addy, Néu khéng choi thiél iy ai bit. Nguyén Cong Tri coi chot va hanh lye la mt cach d2 quén nbiing dau khd cia cude dai. Va Ong ai viet : Cuge doi kia tm ndi bi hoan, Xudn mgt khde dé nghin vang d3i chéc. Quan nigm hanh lac cha Nguyén Cong Tri e6 thE din nguwoi ta di xa lam. Trobe hEt quan nigm 46 bd mae ohieng ngwoi_ bi ip bite, bde I9t véi Mi sing den 151 cba ho. Néu ohw ai cay dua ohau lao @lu vio cuge hanh Igc, va cS hinh lye cho nhanh, cho nbi’u, tht al 1a uguéi ding 1én ddu_tranh chéng gian ti, [rit bao ngurge ? Quan nfgm haan tae cia Nguyén Cong Tree 1a glan Uép khuy8n Khich giai c&p phongKido théng tri ct viée thing tay ap bike, boc 19t nhan dao. V8 mit dao dic, quan nigm ciia Nguyén Cong Tri lam cho nhitng ngudi 6 di8u kign hanh Ige di tir chd An choi teh kj dén_chd sinh ra adi truy ve sinh hoat Va sy di truy v8 sinh hoat 8 mé cia dén cde suy dén ve tu turdng kde. Al doe Nguyéa Cong Trit cling thay 6: mudn lam mgt déag anh bing. Chi nghta anh hing eiia Ong la chi nghTa anh hug cd nhan ti@u cyc. NO rit xa lg voi chi ngbta anh bing eda Trin Quée Tuan, eda Nguyen Trai. Duong nhiéa a chi nghta anh biog ea Tran Quée Tain va cia Ngayn ‘Trai eng 6 phan cd nhan iia no. Noung chi nghfa anh hing cia Tria Qade Tadn va cis Nguyen Trai bit dya vio long yéu mabe, yeu nhan dan, né muu lgl ich cho nhan dia a bio yé cho Igi teh cia gial chp phons kidn. Vi vay chi nghfa anh niog dy 1a tiga bO, hop voi nguyén vong cia dan t6e. Chin vi vay ma khidge Hich long si cha Tran Qude Tug va Binh Ngé dai cdo cla Nguyén ‘Tri, ching ta thay bdc [én long chim thit quan cuép nude tan bgo, ching ta thiy Su6t doi than Liem, RONG thdi lan lam quan y6i nha Naaydn, Nyuy8a Cong Trit lie nao cing song mot case d¥i thant bach, Chinh Minh Mong cing biét dng la ngudi rat thanh liémn, cho nén nim 18%2 khi dog tir bigt Hug di HAl-duong nban chite bs chinh, nba vua di adi voi Ong: ¢ Khanh nha nghéo, trim biét rit r6, nay ra tao ly, ef glit long than liém nhu thé, néa eal duag khdag da, thi mat tia ve, trim sé chu cfp cho Nam 1829 kii cdm dang lam Doanh dito sit eang tha thidi Tho van NguyBa Ch ngo 13 ra dng quan nghfa anh voi non sdng AAU nude Vidt- khong ¢6 bai nhan dan, Chit hong lam a dén hang eda Ong Wy anh cia cana. Ong mudn « vay ving trong bén bB a, va exé nii lip sdnge khdng phai_ vi nhin dan, vi til nurse, mat « lam nén ding hh hing dau d4y tS». Ngusén Cong Trt vi anb hing ma muda lim «ding anh hing + Mot ki Naya Gong. Trt that bai trong mura loan # tun nén dang ant bling din day t+, dng sinh ra bi quan, tiéa ews AB cudi cing lao v1 con dtegag bind Iyc, col hank lac 1d mye dich cia déi nguoi, V8 mit nay, khdng nag Vguyéa Gong Tre kém xa Nauyén Tei, Nyé Th NhAm.., ma dng con thua ci nhytag no st duang thei voi ong nhir bai Hita Nubla, Phan Vin Tri, Cao Ba Qual, Nguyén Trl Phuong, Hoang Diga v.v.. atta. Cod nghta hand lac cita Nguyén Cog ‘Trik La babe ludag tit yéu eda chi nghTa ank bing ca nhin tiga cre eda dng. khi nd th&t d9i cing alu khi nd thanb cdng. & mign Thdi-binh — Nam-tioh — Ninh-biab, 6 ngudi d xi Lign-tdng 1a Phgm Nguyén rung ding cho dng 70 lang bac ; eding nim fiy lal oO mot ugudi La Nyo May Phac dem aén cho Ong 90 lang bac 48 nho dng giip cho mt vide. Ngayéa Cong Tri di bit Pham Nguyéa Trang vaNgo Huy Phac va tang vat dua sang Nam-dinb a3 che ngay xét xir. Khi lim xong céng vige kh&n hoang, Ngvyén Cong Trit dem tt c& tito, gao, dung cu ¢ Iai nOp tri Igi cho nha noc. Mot uha the dang cho moi nguei nghiva cieu. Ce a6 nan 41 tadi, NaagEa Cong Tre a Sdnq mot cuge Aoi nghéo kh6. Bay 1A tai gian a8 ong gin nan dda va hi’ nin dau, Nh vay trong tho dng, dng 1% vn dyng duge tiémg ndi cha nbén dia. Bai tho sau @ay 1a m9t trong nbi8u thi dy : Béo me nhin tink di biét rbi, Lal nlue née be bac nlue v6i ! Tien tdi hai chit son khuyén ngwyc, Nhdin nghita déi deiny mede chéy xudi. 10 Chin 06 chet roi thi hé miéng, Véng chtra thodt khéi da cong dudi. Dam win cde bie phen néy nita : Néiu xdo xin dirng niu xéo voi ! Ben conh nhiny bai mang nol dung phé phan hin thye néi lén mdt thai a9 ehdng 81 nde do di vol link ink xi boi dwong thei, Iai c6 nhing bai bitu hign tw tréng lac hau, bio thi, ca tung ché 49 phong kin. Nhitug bat vio loyi thir hai may khong nhiing 151 theryé mat nOi dung tr tudng, ma con kho khan, cOng thitc vé mgt nghé thuat. Bo 1a nhing bai Ng tang bing », «No cong danny, «Ganb trang biéu >, « Chi khi anh hing » v.v. ‘Trong tho Nguyén Cong Trif cfing nhu trong tht ch cic hanh dng cha Ong thudng cé hai uhan tS: mot tich cyc, mOt tia cyo; mot nhan din ya mgt phong kién. Nhung ban to phong kién vin mgnh hon ohan t6 nba din, Va sé a nh vay 1a vi v8 cin ban trirée sau Nauyén Cong Trt van 1a con ngudi cla giai ofp phong kign. Ting ridi di bat eda tho dng vio la tiéng néi ca tyng trat ty phong kién. Bdi voi Ong «Khong quan thio, phy tis vin ¢déch ra ngudi >. Tuy vay. Nguyén Cong Trit vin la aba tho Mot nha khai hoang 6 tai, Cit ma Nuuyén Cong Trt a8 ta cho ching ta ngay nay dang ghi oho nhft va cfing dang quy hat la sy nghiép khal khda St hoang cla dng. Truéc ching ta, nbdn dan i uhi nhé cong dike NguyBn Cong Trt bing nhitng ngdi dn the Ong ma ho 43 dyng rao min Tign-hdi va mi8a Kim-son, O Ti8n-hil, én tho Nguyn Cong Tre duoc lam ra ngay khi Ong cu sOng — tie ndm 1852, Nguyén Cong Trit khai khiia @8t hoang va 4a thanh céng rye ro tir gin mol thé kj Tudi truéc day. Bo 1a yide rit dang cho ching ta suy nghY va nghién ctu, NAU bén trén ai ni, ch6 49 nha Nguyén Ta ch€ a9 mat long dan ngay ti khi no @uge dyng ra. Dd a8 phong che cude khdt nghTa cha mban dan, nha Nguyén di t8 chite mot @Oi quan thieng tryc déng én my chye van ngudi. Sau lung 401 quin thudng trye nay 18 mot bd may quan lieu tt trung wong dén dja phuong rit cdng kenh. Che vaa nha NguySn 43 bit nhdn din dong gop rit nbifu d2 nudi bd may aan ap cia ho. Su @éng gop cha nh’n dan di sao cing ¢6 han. Thyc 6 & nhigu noi, oban dan di xo xtc dén mite khong sao dong ndt thud cho nba nuée nita, Bai Naim thicc tue chink bién a¢ nhét kj chép ring tir mam 1802 aén nam 1806 «& che tin Hii-duong, Son-tay, Kinh-bae, Son-nam thurgng va ha, Hodi-ite, ‘Thai-nguyen, Hung-héa, ho kh&u 370 thon aa dang kB cia thé k} XIX. Tho ong v8 nbido mgt vio dang cho ching ta ngbién ciru. 01 la ngdi sao sang trong dam quan lai, nho s th6i nat, ben ha cha thé k¥ XIX. Ong khong thB lam, va cling khong dam fam nhitng vide ma Cao Bi Quat di Lam: Linh dao néng «an cam vii kbi ding lén chéng Iai triga dink phan @Ong va thoi nat. Nhung trong doi dng, Nguydn Cong Tr di c5 géng dé lam nbiing vige cé ich cho xf bdi, mée dau dng ludn ludn bj trigu dink ha NguySn eh dyp, vii gp, edn tro. Tho Ong, vi vay, & mol ching mye nao dd, 1h 101 t6 céo bon quan lai vo bit hye, thdi nat, tham nhiing, bon phi ong nbiga tin fim ca. Bo 1a loi cham bigu, Ing mot cach tiéu eye cai tral ty xd bdi phan d6ng, thdi nat ma Gla-long, Minb-mang va Thigu-tr) di dung ra phiéu lan di noi khde, 16 thué thigu hon bay. van hde, tin thud thiéu mudi mot van quan" bén Gu nim 1827 «musi ba huygn thude trén Hii-dwong, dan phiéw {an mat 108 xi thdn, rugng bd hoang 12.700 miu. TO vu mos nim trurge khong lay gi ma nop Nong dan phiéu tan bd rugng dit khdvs cay ely, do la mgt hign tugng rat xéu nd bio trurge khdl nghTa ndng din sip nd ra, vt ndng dan phiéa tin thedng la agi quan hau bj tdt nh&t ca néng dan khdi nghla. Thu but ndng dia phiéa tin vko che co sé doanh dign d® cho hg khai khin ait hoang, va khi d@ kh&n duge dat hoaag, Sp cho ho rudng @it a8 an cur Ige nghi¢p, 46 1a vin d& dgt ra doi vél ché 4 nha Nguyéa. Nguydn Cong Trt 1a mOt trong ohing ngudi dau tién nhin th4y tinh cip bach cia van 4 khai khin dit hoang. Nam 1828, dng @i dang s6 lén Minh Mang xin ¢ khal_rugng hoang a8 yén nghiép din nghéov. Yeu ciu cla dug duge trigu dinh ch&p nhgn va cho thi hamh ngay. Ong @i néu vin a8 cu thd hw sau: cTruée (01 dl Nam-dinn, thiy ait bd hoang & min Glao-thdy, Chan-dink trong rong mong méoh qua tm mit, ngoal ra nhiing noi khac con khOng biét my nghin trim miu, tf ting di ngwdi dja phiong, ho du mudn khal kbin chy cfy, nung nhu phi qa lén, lye khéng th8 duong. Néu edp cho cong nhu sé c6 thé tip hop dan nghéo k kbd ngay. Nin thé thi puée nba bd ra khong "may ma cai loi ty nbién thi mai mii vé cling, Va lai, bal Ti€n-chiu & Chan-dinh hoang vu, bon phi thudng chd 46 lam 13 tu tap. Nay néu khai pha chd Sy, khong nhiing khd aT yén nabigp din nghéo, ma con co the Luyét hin ding ac nda, Xin ralénh cho trin tan than di xem xét, pham nhing ehd dat hoang c6 th cay ey duge, sai nhing ngudi co lye & dja prong chia ra coi sée céng vide Sy, mé dan cing khdn & moi het dén khai_khan. Néu m6 durge 50 ngwoi thi lap mét lank, cho lam ly tréng, md duge 30 ngudi lp mot 4p, cho lam Ap trrdng, du tinh dat chia ch C&p cho tin cong G2 Lam nha cia, mua trau bd, nong cy, loi lugng edp tn yuo long trong su thang. Ngoat han fy thi lam iy ma ao. Ba nim thinh rudng da chiéu 1@ rudng tu ma dinh thu. Quan phi huyén sb tal ap kho chita thée a@ phdng nim mft moa cho dan vay. Nhdng ling Sp méi lgp goi ld e quan Tyre ban » (2). Pham cae hat xét thy nhiing dan du ding khong béu viu vao diu du dua cd ve dy, Nhu thé thi dit khong Dé hoan: dan déu lam rudng, phony tue kiéa bye lai thanh thudn hau + (3). Minh Mang kiéng nhing chip nhgn d& nghj khsi boang cia Nguyén Cong ‘Trot, ma con phong ngay cho dng lam Doanh aitn sit pby trach khai khan dit hoang & mign ven be bin cfe (inh ThAi-binb, Nam-ljnh va Ninh-binh. Nguyéo Cong Tré lai xin cho én duge ty do thu dung nhitng tan quan néng dan Ta nghTa dang trén trénh d& ding ho vao viée kbai kidin dt hoang. Ong tau vél Minh Mang — Binh dan Bac thanh trade vi gitic Dat bi€p di theo cé dén hang nghin, so hai trSn bigt khong co dudng v8, khong khéi di theo nhing twéng ghje con trép. Nin pham ké nio hdl qua ho’n uong thi cho dén s& Doanh @i8n thd 1Gi, Heo ste mA chip rugng cho lam. Ning chd a6t rhi rae cd thé lip thanh ling trai di cho 15 ngirdi & tré 1én tht xin Ip lam mot rgi, 18 nguei tré én thi lip lam mbt gidp, dba dt trai trudng va giap trudng trong col. ThE thi it sé khdng cd chd bd khdng! Minh Mang chip nb§n cho Nguyén Cong Tri duege quyéa (hu dung ahing « phi Udn+ ra du thi. Nhu vay lili quén kbai boang cia Nguyén Cong Trt gdm c6 hai thaah phan chit yeu: Nong din phiéu tan va tan quan ndng dan khal nghfa (cy th8 la cia Phan Ba Vanh) dang tr6n trauh Minh Mang cho Nau: Cony ‘Tei mang 12 theo mt tr yy va mudi thirlgi bat cia phim gitip vide. bén mi’a Thai-bioh, Nam-dinh, Ninh-binh, Nguyén Cong ‘Trit yét bing chiéu m6 dan nxhéo (cy th8 1a néng dan phiéo tan va Un quan nong din khdl nghTa), ri dng Dat tay ngay vao vige. Cit mot ling c6 50 dinb, Ong c&p cho 300 quan mua (rau bd, 40 quan mu. ndng cy, 100 quan lam nha. Mét Sp e6 30 dinh duge c&p 180 quan a8 mua (rau bd, 24 qnan mua ndog cu, 60 quan lam nha. Mot trai cé 15 dinh duge chp 90 quan in lam nha va cfc khodn khdc 1 42 quan nia, MOt-giap co 10 dinh duge 60 quan tién tréu bd, 8 quaa tin néng cu, 20 quan tio Lam pha. ‘Tinh 43 dBng tht mOt dink duge ep nhidu nhft fa 6 quan tién mua trau bo, 8 tn mua pong cy, 2 quan tién Jam ha. Nam dinh duge cfip nhigu nbat 14 34 gaan mua tray bd, néng ey. Theo thol gid niin 1829 tie nam Mioh mang thir 10, thi sé tiga 34 quan mua duge: Trau mOt con Kid 30 quan Cay 1 chige Kia 1,5 Hn Bira 1 chiée gia 1,5 tin Nauyén Cong Tré con phat cho nim dinh: mot thadng, mot cue va mot ligm. Ong chinh thite bAl tay vao vige ti thing ba nam mu ti (1828), dén thing mudi nim 46, tite chi trong mét {hoi glan hon sfu thang, ng di thanh cOng hét site ruc ro: Ong da lap ra mot huyén hodn toan méi mé 1a huyén ‘TiGn-bai, mot {ng va hai xd & huyén Nam- chan, m@t t8ng moi 6 huyén Giao-thiiy, ‘Tir thing ba nim ky sito (1829) aén thang muél ndm @6, Nguyén Cong Trit loi bién mign bai bit hoong va & buyén Yén-md thanh mot huy@n méi 1a huygn Kim-son (Ninh-binh). ‘Vinh ra & Th8n-hdi, Nguyén Cong Trit khal khan duge 18.670 mfu véi 2.350 dinn, & Kim- son 14.620 miu véi 1.260 dinb, tng Hoanh- tha Giao-thiiy) duge 3.200 mdn vei 245 inh, t3ng Ninh-nbft (Hai-hju) duge 4.200 mau voi 38 dob. Nhu vay la trong euge tin cong r & cic tink Thai-binh, Na Nywyén Conk ragag hon toin ingi mé va mau me, BB cay chy 40,096 miu rogng dd, Ong di tip hop duge 4.190 dinh. ‘Trong 8B rudng Aft di Khai kha duge, eit 400 miu thi 70 mau duge coi 1a rugng, 30 miu I dil. bat chin ra Lim bén Logi 1, D&t ding AB lam dinh ehtia; 2. Dat ding Jom nghia trang va Dal thd trao; 3. St AB Thm nha, vada, nd A054. Bt ma. 10.990 miuHai hang dit trén (a4t a8 tam tinh chia va dt lam nghta trang, Da: hd trdu) duge mién thué, Nhing canh ddng rong ménh méng bat agit & Ti8n-hdi va & Kim-son trong rit dep mit. Trén caoh ddng, Nguyén Cong Trir cho khoi nhitng con séng dao chay ra dén bibn, trén be sng la dudng bd. Tir song may dén song kia lei co nhitng con duéng ngang cat ddng rudng thanh ting kbu nbd mdi khu 1t mot thén hay mt ip. Duong bd cing nhir duong thiy & Kim-son cing niu & Tikn-hai hgp thank mot hé thdng glao thong rat thugn Igi cho vige di gi, van chuy’n eda nhin dan, . Nhitng con séng chay ngang choy doc giita cae canh dng & Kim-son, Tign-hai 1a nol lieu nuée, néu tréi mura 1G. Trong trudéng hep ndng han kéo dai, thi 46 1a nhitng noi chia nuée m8 t6i rudng. in nhing canh ddng 6 Tien-hii va Kim- son, chiing ta _khdng khdl khiim phye tai 13 chite cla NyuySn Cong Trt, ‘Tal td chite cia ‘ong 45 bién cae bai bign hoang vu, ram rap hi Au thé kF XIX thanh nhéeng dng rung t dep mat va hét site pht nhicu, Nndn dan & Tign-ndi va Kim-son di khéng quén cong Ong kbi ho lap én thé dng gay khi dng cdn séng. Thanh cOng ruc ro va nhanh chong cha Nguyén Cong ‘Trit 6 Tién-béi va Kim-son lam cho triéy dink nha Ngnydn phi ngge bien VYua nha Nguyén di cho lp ra sd doanh alén & nbigu noi dB trdng nom vige khin hoang, lap 4p theo kitu Nguyén Cong Trie. Riéng Nguyén Cong Tri, sau Ten-hal, Kim-son, 6ng con dieng ra 13 chite cong tac khan hoang theo hinh thie dn dign & nhiga no! khac nika. Nim 1832, 6ng @% khan hoang & x8 Liru- khé, xf Vi-duong, xi An-phong duge 3.500 miu, Nam 1835, 6ng khin hoang & x4 Minh- fién durge 1.000 |. Nam 1839, & déo Chang- son Ong ai dem cho néng din thém 600 mau rodng. Tdng cOng Iai trong hoi gian tt nam 1828 dén nim 1839, Ngayén Cong Trit di dem cho néng dan 45.990 miu rudng dat phi nhieo, Nh Nguyén dd nd rong vide lam cia Nguyén Cong Trit bing-cich (3 chire khai hoang quy md 6 nbidu noi. Nho vay, sO rudng dt trong nuge 43 ting léa rd rét. Néu nhu nam 1820 s6 rudng dat déng thué trén ci nube la 3.076.)00 miu va 26.750 khoanh, thi nim 1840 sO rugng d6 tang 1én 4.063.892 mu, va nim 1847 lén én 4.273 013 mau. S85 mdng d&t cay chy duge tang 1en duge it lau, rbi, do ebinh sich phan dong cba trigu fink, ndng déin lai bd dng raGng phidu tan i nai khac, s6 rudng Al bd hoang lai ting Len, Nguyén Cong Trit 1a nhdn vat o6 im mat phin xa tréng Ong. Ong dim ding ngay thn quin ndng dan khél nghTa ef Phan Ba Vanh dang vio vige khiin boang. Nhitng ngudi nay 4% yop phan quan irgng vao vige biém bin Ti8n-chdu thanh huyén Tidn-hil mau ma. DE khuyén khich moi ngurdi tich eye khal pha @St hoang, Nguyén Cong Trt a3 manh bgo dua ra chi traong engudl no khsi pha duge bro nbiéu miu sto du cho nh§n lam rudng lus. Sing kién cla Ong da tri 101 ding mong mudn tha thiét cla néng dan 1a c6 rudng riéng, a ty cay efy, Vi vay ho 43 khan trong lam fc, va chi trong mOt {hoi gian shu hdng ho bién bai bign noang va rim rap thank rugng dit phi nhieu. Tritu dinh nha Nguyén ai bae bd chi truong cha Ngoyén Cong ‘Trit, va tuyén dS nhiing rugng a8t khai kb8n duge & Tisa-hai Ja céng ditn cong thd, con 8 Kim-son 1a br di&n quan chp, Chink steh fia nba Nguyén di ngwoe lal nguyén vong cia néng dan & Tinh’ va Kim-son. Nhing ngwdi may di du tranh doi nha Nguyén thay ddi chin sich asi v6i ho. Nim 1848 Ty Bite di phai chia mot phan ur an quin cdp & Kim-son cho néng dan lam rerdng Mat tw, Ché dd cOng didn céng thd & Tién-hai vin duge duy tri, nlumg cich chia rugng At theo mOt ché dd riéng. Swe nh may c6 18 di tae dong xiu dn torn bo chink steh kin houng ciia tri8u Nguyén, lam cho néng din m&t hét hitng Unit khan hoang. Cho nén dui tridu Ty Bite, dign tich rugng M4t cing ngay cing co hyp lgi, Nam 1881 (ike mim Ty Dike thit 33, tng sd rudng aft thu tho trén toan quéc 1A 2.867.689 miu va 72.115 khodnh, Lic nay Akt Nam-ky d3 mit rBi, Dign tich rugng dit & Nam-k§ vaio cudi dol Tyr Dite 12 568.810 m&u, Bem cong sss 840 miu may Voi 2.867.689 mu noi trén, thi toun bd dign lich & c& Bac, Trung va Nam vio nim 1881 cling chi ¢6 436.529 mu ma thél. Niu vay lA toan bd ru6ng d&t Vidlenam nam 1881 kém nim 1847 dén 80 van mu, kero nam 1840 dén G0 van mau. Phai ching do chin sach phia dng cia nha Nauyén ve vin d3 rudng dit ms cong. tae kndn hoang dén Goi ‘Ty Dike AH suy stit mot eich 10 ret? Higa nay chiing ta chura co ati tai ligu a8 tek 13,101 cau hdi @6 Chong ta chi bit ring néu nh e quyén Cong Trit vin duge tigp tue cong vige khin bovag eta dng, néu nur chit truong cla Ong (cho ndng dan git Jim rudng tua tat cd hing dit mi hg khal phd duge) vin duge K6t lugn ET toan bQ cuge doi Nyeusén Cong Trt, chiing ta c6 tht rit ra nhiing két lan sau gay: 1 NgusBn CAng Trit 1a mot nba tri tke 6 tai cia thé kY XIX. Do aia kidn lich sir ban ch&, dng @3 {ich eve ing hdché @ phong kién, kh! ch 49 may dang lao vao chd suy vong. Vi vay Ong a tht bai chua chat khi dng ¢ tinge hign cAi mong cdng hu khanh twéng cia Ong Cfing do bj aigu kign lich sé che mit nhin quan, dng 43 dt @anh néng dan khél ngbta ‘Trong giéi quan Iai thdi nat, hén he cba nha Nguyén, Nguyn Cong Trie ni bat len nhwr mét vién quan lat thanh lém, khi @e cht cfing nhu khl Dt dde hi, Ide mio’ dng cing vui sng trong cinh thanh bin. 3.0ng Qi dB 1gi nhigu tho vin trong 46 e6 hing bai ¢6 gla trj phé phin hidn thye. Tho ng vach mat bon tham quan 6 I3i, 1én an thé lye elia dng tien. cat THICH (1) Theo Archives Affaires étrangéres, mémotres ef documents, Asie, volume 24, pp. 99—141. Revue cotoniale, Décembre 1843, p.572 Janvier 1814 pp. 35—48. (2) Ra site iy ngh@ néng lam géc. (3) Bai Nam thie luc chink bién dé nbj k¥ V lap IX trang 33-34, (4) Sau hang wéc 1884, thyge «iin Phap aén Phat-digm (Kim-son). Ké chi y nbigu dén Kim-son 1A cic giao st. Nim 1893 Tota quytn do La-nét-xiing (de Laness an) bio cho linh myc Tran Lue la y mudn dén Phat-digm. Nim 189i toan quytn Rit-xd (Rousseau) dén Phat-diém. Sau do Lord Curzon sau nay 12 PhO vuong Anh & An-tO cing dén Phat-digm. TAt cA t8 ra khdm phue nbitng két qua ma céng tic khai boang di dat duge. Nhung hg Iai quy céng lao cho Tin Lue link mye cai quan Phal-diém. Giém mye O-li-s6ng (Olichon) glam 6c HOI Lién hiép giao st Phip ai vit ci mOt cudn sich aB cn tung céng dike cia Trin Lye trong sich Nam tuéc Phat- digm» (Le Baron de Phat-diém) (Theo Iguh cba Todn qusén Déng-dyong, Khai Dinh aa truy phong cho Tr3n Luc lam Nam tuéc Phat- ry tbl hanh ma khéng bj trigu dinb ngao cin thi chang taco di ly 48 tin ring vao ohing nim 30 va nhimng nim 40 cha thé kj XIX con mee ra obigu buyén méi nhu buyén Tiéo-hii va buyén Kim-son, ‘4, Vide lam cia Nauyén Cong Trit @ing cho ching ta ghi nhé nat 14 e6ng the kh3n hoang ma dng 43 tién banh ti nim 1828 4én nim 1839, Nam 1828 & Théi-binh, Nam-@inh va Ninb- binh, Nguyén Cong Tri da t3 ra vO cing sing sudt, manh bgo va lam vide 6 ké hoach. Ngay nay cit nhin nhiing edn ddng ménh mong bat ngat & Tign-hal va & Kim-sen voi mOt hé théng ndng giang chay ngang chey doe nh ban c&, va vél mot h@ thong duong alao thong thiy bO r&t tiga Igl, ching ta s& thy bat lén cdi tat 13 ehtke va eéi du 60 lam vide rit khor hoc cla Nzuyén Cong Tree. Trong dida kién xi hgl Viét-nam bd! thé ky XIX, Ngayén Cong Tr dim m& mot cude tin cong qul md yao bai bi&m ram rap va Ong G3 thanh cOng t6t dep. Ong xing dang durge col la nha kh3n hoang tai gidi bee nbat ela Vigt-nam tir thé kf XIV @6n thé ki XIX (4) di¢m), glam mye O-li-song 4% ching minh ring Tran Lye 43 bién nhGng cénh ddng 1ay & Phat-diém thanh céoh dng phi nbiéu. Day la mOt mban xét 100% sal sy that. Sy that IA saa khi gitp quan adi Phép @hnh bal ngbTx quan Ba-dinh cia Binh Cong Trang, Trin Luc a% Idy rit obidu gS va dé & Thanb-h6a, Nghé-an dua ra Phat-diém xAy dyng kbu nha the hy eon cho 6n ngay nay. Vai chitng c6 sau @ay sé lam bat ra dung ¥xfu cha O-ll-séng. Nim 1825 Trin Lye cé tén that 1a Hyo hay Triém ra di & lang M§-quang tinh Thanb-héa, gan mi&n be bitn. Ba nim sau ttre nim 1828, Nguyén Cong Trt 3 bAt Qiu céng the kbn hoang co két qui 6 Tién-hit, va dén ném 1829, ong tién han khai boang & Kim-son. khi Trin Luc duge ctr Jam linh mye Phat-diém, tht mign nay do ban tay cia Nguy8n Cong Trt va ndng dan 43 tr thanh tra phi durge 44 nim rd. Che sch str eta Quée si quan tridu Nguyén du ghi rd rang trén gify tring myc den nbw th&, Nhu véy lm sao lai c6 th cd cht vide Tinh mye Tria Lye It ngwdi xdy dung, kbai sang ra mio Kim-son duge